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8734fc33eb
page (had crept onto front of title page w/ other stuff migrating between
gdb.texinfo and gdb.top-m4).
2) gdb.top-m4: added Detailed Node Listing to main menu.
made $Id: for fragment into texinfo comment.
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452 lines
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_dnl__ -*- Texinfo -*-
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_dnl__ Copyright (c) 1988 1989 1990 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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_dnl__ This file is part of the source for the GDB manual.
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@c M4 FRAGMENT: $Id$
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@c
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@syncodeindex ky cp
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@c FOR UPDATES LEADING TO THIS DRAFT, GDB CHANGELOG CONSULTED BETWEEN:
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@c Sun May 19 05:36:59 1991 John Gilmore (gnu at cygint.cygnus.com)
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@c Sat Dec 22 02:51:40 1990 John Gilmore (gnu at cygint)
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@ifinfo
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This file documents the GNU debugger _GDBN__.
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Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
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this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
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are preserved on all copies.
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@ignore
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Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the
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results, provided the printed document carries copying permission
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notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph
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(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
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@end ignore
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Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
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manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
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section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' is included exactly as
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in the original, and provided that the entire resulting derived work is
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distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this
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one.
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Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
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into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
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except that the section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' may be
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included in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation
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instead of in the original English.
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@end ifinfo
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@smallbook
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@setchapternewpage odd
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_if__(_GENERIC__)
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@settitle Using _GDBN__ (v4.0)
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_fi__(_GENERIC__)
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_if__(!_GENERIC__)
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@settitle Using _GDBN__ v4.0 (_HOST__)
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_fi__(!_GENERIC__)
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@iftex
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@finalout
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@end iftex
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@titlepage
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@title{Using _GDBN__}
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@subtitle{A Guide to the GNU Source-Level Debugger}
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_if__(!_GENERIC__)
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@subtitle{On _HOST__ Systems}
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_fi__(!_GENERIC__)
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@sp 1
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@c Maybe crank this up to "Fourth Edition" when released at FSF
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@c @subtitle Third Edition---_GDBN__ version 4.0
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@subtitle _GDBN__ version 4.0
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@subtitle May 1991
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@author{Richard M. Stallman@qquad @hfill Free Software Foundation}
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@author{Roland H. Pesch@qquad @hfill Cygnus Support}
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@page
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@tex
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{\parskip=0pt
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\hfill rms\@ai.mit.edu, pesch\@cygnus.com\par
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\hfill {\it Using _GDBN__}, \manvers\par
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\hfill \TeX{}info \texinfoversion\par
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}
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@end tex
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@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
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Copyright @copyright{} 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
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this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
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are preserved on all copies.
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Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
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manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
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section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' is included exactly as
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in the original, and provided that the entire resulting derived work is
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distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this
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one.
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Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
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into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
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except that the section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' may be
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included in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation
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instead of in the original English.
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@end titlepage
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@page
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@node Top, Summary, (dir), (dir)
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@ifinfo
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This file describes version 4.0 of GDB, the GNU symbolic debugger.
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@end ifinfo
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@menu
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* Summary:: Summary of _GDBN__
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* New Features:: New Features in _GDBN__ version 4.0
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* Sample Session:: A Sample _GDBN__ Session
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* Invocation:: Getting In and Out of _GDBN__
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* Commands::
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* Running:: Running Programs Under _GDBN__
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* Stopping:: Stopping and Continuing
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* Stack:: Examining the Stack
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* Source:: Examining Source Files
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* Data:: Examining Data
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* Symbols:: Examining the Symbol Table
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* Altering:: Altering Execution
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* _GDBN__ Files::
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* Targets:: Specifying a Debugging Target
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* Controlling _GDBN__:: Controlling _GDBN__
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* Sequences:: Canned Sequences of Commands
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* Emacs:: Using _GDBN__ under GNU Emacs
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* _GDBN__ Bugs:: Reporting Bugs in _GDBN__
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* Renamed Commands::
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* Installing _GDBN__:: Installing _GDBN__
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* Copying:: GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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* Index:: Index
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--- The Detailed Node Listing ---
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Summary of _GDBN__
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* Free Software:: Free Software
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* Contributors:: Contributors to _GDBN__
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Getting In and Out of _GDBN__
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* Starting _GDBN__:: Starting _GDBN__
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* Leaving _GDBN__:: Leaving _GDBN__
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* Shell Commands:: Shell Commands
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Starting _GDBN__
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* File Options:: Choosing Files
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* Mode Options:: Choosing Modes
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_GDBN__ Commands
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* Command Syntax:: Command Syntax
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* Help:: Getting Help
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Running Programs Under _GDBN__
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* Compilation:: Compiling for Debugging
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* Starting:: Starting your Program
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* Arguments:: Your Program's Arguments
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* Environment:: Your Program's Environment
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* Working Directory:: Your Program's Working Directory
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* Input/Output:: Your Program's Input and Output
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* Attach:: Debugging an Already-Running Process
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* Kill Process:: Killing the Child Process
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Stopping and Continuing
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* Breakpoints:: Breakpoints, Watchpoints, and Exceptions
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* Stepping:: Stepping
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* Continuing:: Continuing
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* Signals:: Signals
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Breakpoints, Watchpoints, and Exceptions
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* Set Breaks:: Setting Breakpoints
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* Set Watchpoints:: Setting Watchpoints
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* Exception Handling:: Breakpoints and Exceptions
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* Delete Breaks:: Deleting Breakpoints
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* Disabling:: Disabling Breakpoints
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* Conditions:: Break Conditions
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* Break Commands:: Breakpoint Command Lists
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* Breakpoint Menus:: Breakpoint Menus
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* Error in Breakpoints::
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Examining the Stack
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* Frames:: Stack Frames
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* Backtrace:: Backtraces
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* Selection:: Selecting a Frame
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* Frame Info:: Information on a Frame
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Examining Source Files
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* List:: Printing Source Lines
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* Search:: Searching Source Files
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* Source Path:: Specifying Source Directories
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* Machine Code:: Source and Machine Code
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Examining Data
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* Expressions:: Expressions
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* Variables:: Program Variables
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* Arrays:: Artificial Arrays
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* Output formats:: Output formats
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* Memory:: Examining Memory
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* Auto Display:: Automatic Display
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* Print Settings:: Print Settings
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* Value History:: Value History
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* Convenience Vars:: Convenience Variables
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* Registers:: Registers
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* Floating Point Hardware:: Floating Point Hardware
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Altering Execution
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* Assignment:: Assignment to Variables
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* Jumping:: Continuing at a Different Address
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* Signaling:: Giving the Program a Signal
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* Returning:: Returning from a Function
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* Calling:: Calling your Program's Functions
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_GDBN__'s Files
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* Files:: Commands to Specify Files
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* Symbol Errors:: Errors Reading Symbol Files
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Specifying a Debugging Target
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* Active Targets:: Active Targets
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* Target Commands:: Commands for Managing Targets
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* Remote:: Remote Debugging
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Remote Debugging
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* i960-Nindy Remote::
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* EB29K Remote::
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* VxWorks Remote::
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_GDBN__ with a Remote i960 (Nindy)
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* Nindy Startup:: Startup with Nindy
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* Nindy Options:: Options for Nindy
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* Nindy reset:: Nindy Reset Command
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_GDBN__ with a Remote EB29K
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* Comms (EB29K):: Communications Setup
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* gdb-EB29K:: EB29K cross-debugging
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* Remote Log:: Remote Log
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_GDBN__ and VxWorks
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* VxWorks connection:: Connecting to VxWorks
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* VxWorks download:: VxWorks Download
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* VxWorks attach:: Running Tasks
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Controlling _GDBN__
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* Prompt:: Prompt
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* Editing:: Command Editing
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* History:: Command History
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* Screen Size:: Screen Size
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* Numbers:: Numbers
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* Messages/Warnings:: Optional Warnings and Messages
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Canned Sequences of Commands
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* Define:: User-Defined Commands
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* Command Files:: Command Files
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* Output:: Commands for Controlled Output
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Reporting Bugs in _GDBN__
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* Bug Criteria:: Have You Found a Bug?
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* Bug Reporting:: How to Report Bugs
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@end menu
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@node Summary, New Features, Top, Top
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@unnumbered Summary of _GDBN__
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The purpose of a debugger such as _GDBN__ is to allow you to see what is
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going on ``inside'' another program while it executes---or what another
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program was doing at the moment it crashed.
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_GDBN__ can do four main kinds of things (plus other things in support of
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these) to help you catch bugs in the act:
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@itemize @bullet
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@item
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Start your program, specifying anything that might affect its behavior.
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@item
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Make your program stop on specified conditions.
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@item
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Examine what has happened, when your program has stopped.
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@item
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Change things in your program, so you can experiment with correcting the
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effects of one bug and go on to learn about another.
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@end itemize
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_GDBN__ can be used to debug programs written in C and C++. Pascal support
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is being implemented, and Fortran support will be added when a GNU
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Fortran compiler is ready.
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@menu
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* Free Software:: Free Software
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* Contributors:: Contributors to GDB
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@end menu
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@node Free Software, Contributors, Summary, Summary
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@unnumberedsec Free Software
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_GDBN__ is @dfn{free software}, protected by the GNU General Public License (GPL).
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The GPL gives you the freedom to copy or adapt a licensed
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program---but every person getting a copy also gets with it the
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freedom to modify that copy (which means that they must get access to
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the source code), and the freedom to distribute further copies.
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Typical software companies use copyrights to limit your freedoms; the
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Free Software Foundation uses the GPL to preserve these freedoms.
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Fundamentally, the General Public License is a license which says that
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you have these freedoms and that you can't take these freedoms away
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from anyone else.
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@c FIXME: (passim) go through all xrefs, expanding to use text headings
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For full details, @pxref{Copying}.
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@node Contributors, , Free Software, Summary
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@unnumberedsec Contributors to GDB
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Richard Stallman was the original author of GDB, as with many GNU
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programs. Many others have contributed to its development. This
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section attempts to credit major contributors. One of the virtues of
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free software is that everyone is free to contribute to it; with
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regret, we cannot actually acknowledge everyone here. The file
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@file{ChangeLog} in the GDB distribution approximates a blow-by-blow
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account.
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Changes much prior to version 2.0 are lost in the mists of time.
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@quotation
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@emph{Plea:} Additions to this section are particularly welcome. If you
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or your friends (or enemies; let's be evenhanded) have been unfairly
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omitted from this list, we would like to add your names!
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@end quotation
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So that they may not regard their long labor as thankless, we
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particularly thank those who shepherded GDB through major releases:
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John Gilmore (release 4.0); Jim Kingdon (releases 3.9, 3.5, 3.4, 3.3);
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and Randy Smith (releases 3.2, 3.1, 3.0). As major maintainer of GDB
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for some period, each contributed significantly to the structure,
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stability, and capabilities of the entire debugger.
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Richard Stallman, assisted at various times by Pete TerMaat, Chris
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Hanson, and Richard Mlynarik, handled releases through 2.8.
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Michael Tiemann is the author of most of the GNU C++ support in GDB,
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with significant additional contributions from Per Bothner. James
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Clark wrote the GNU C++ demangler. Early work on C++ was by Peter
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TerMaat (who also did much general update work leading to release 3.0).
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GDB 4.0 uses the BFD subroutine library to examine multiple
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object-file formats; BFD was a joint project of V. Gumby
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Henkel-Wallace, Rich Pixley, Steve Chamberlain, and John Gilmore.
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David Johnson wrote the original COFF support; Pace Willison did
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the original support for encapsulated COFF.
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Adam de Boor and Bradley Davis contributed the ISI Optimum V support.
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Per Bothner, Noboyuki Hikichi, and Alessandro Forin contributed MIPS
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support. Jean-Daniel Fekete contributed Sun 386i support. Chris
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Hanson improved the HP9000 support. Noboyuki Hikichi and Tomoyuki
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Hasei contributed Sony/News OS 3 support. David Johnson contributed
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Encore Umax support. Jyrki Kuoppala contributed Altos 3068 support.
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Keith Packard contributed NS32K support. Doug Rabson contributed
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Acorn Risc Machine support. Chris Smith contributed Convex support
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(and Fortran debugging). Jonathan Stone contributed Pyramid support.
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Michael Tiemann contributed SPARC support. Tim Tucker contributed
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support for the Gould NP1 and Gould Powernode. Pace Willison
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contributed Intel 386 support. Jay Vosburgh contributed Symmetry
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support.
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Rich Schaefer helped with support of SunOS shared libraries.
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Jay Fenlason and Roland McGrath ensured that GDB and GAS agree about
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several machine instruction sets.
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Patrick Duval, Ted Goldstein, Vikram Koka and Glenn Engel helped
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develop remote debugging. Intel Corporation and Wind River Systems
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contributed remote debugging modules for their products.
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Brian Fox is the author of the readline libraries providing
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command-line editing and command history.
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@node New Features, Sample Session, Summary, Top
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@unnumbered New Features since _GDBN__ version 3.5
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@table @emph
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@item Targets
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Using the new command @code{target}, you can select at runtime whether
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you are debugging local files, local processes, standalone systems over
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a serial port, realtime systems over a TCP/IP connection, etc.
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Internally, _GDBN__ now uses a function vector to mediate access to
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different targets; if you need to add your own support for a remote
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protocol, this makes it much easier.
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@item Watchpoints
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_GDBN__ now sports watchpoints as well as breakpoints. You can use a
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watchpoint to stop execution whenever the value of an expression
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changes, without having to predict a particular place in your program
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where this may happen.
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@item Object Code Formats
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_GDBN__ uses a new scheme called Binary File Descriptors (BFD) to permit
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it to switch dynamically, without reconfiguration or recompilation,
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between different object-file formats. Formats currently supported are
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COFF, a.out, and the Intel 960 b.out; files may be read as .o's, archive
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libraries, or core dumps. BFD is available as a subroutine library so
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that other programs may take advantage of it, and the other GNU binary
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utilities are being converted to use it.
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@item Configuration
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Compile-time configuration (to select a particular architecture and
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operating system) is much easier. The script @code{config.gdb} now
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handles specification of separate host and target configurations.
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@item Interaction
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The user interface to _GDBN__'s control variables has been simplified
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and consolidated in two commands, @code{set} and @code{show}. Output
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lines are now broken at readable places, rather than overflowing onto
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the next line. You can suppress output of machine-level addresses,
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displaying only source language information.
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@item Source Language
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_GDBN__ now has limited support for C++ exception handling: _GDBN__ can
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break when an exception is raised, before the stack is peeled back to
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the exception handler's context.
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@item Command Rationalization
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Many _GDBN__ commands have been renamed to make them easier to remember
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and use. In particular, the subcommands of @code{info} and
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@code{show}/@code{set} are grouped to make the former refer to the state
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of your program, and the latter refer to the state of _GDBN__ itself.
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@xref{Renamed Commands}, for details on what commands were renamed.
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@item Ports
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_GDBN__ has been ported to the following new architectures: AT&T 3b1,
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Acorn RISC machine, HP300 running HPUX, big- and little-endian MIPS
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machines, Motorola 88k, Sun 386i, and Sun 3 running SunOS 4. In
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addition, the following are supported as targets only: AMD 29k, Intel
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960, and Wind River's VxWorks.
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@item Shared Libraries
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_GDBN__ 4.0 supports SunOS shared libraries.
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@item Work in Progress
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Kernel debugging for BSD and Mach systems; Tahoe and HPPA architecture
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support.
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@end table
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