binutils-gdb/gdbserver/win32-low.cc

/* Low level interface to Windows debugging, for gdbserver.
   Copyright (C) 2006-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   Contributed by Leo Zayas.  Based on "win32-nat.c" from GDB.

   This file is part of GDB.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
   (at your option) any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */

#include "server.h"
#include "regcache.h"
#include "gdb/fileio.h"
#include "mem-break.h"
#include "win32-low.h"
#include "gdbthread.h"
#include "dll.h"
#include "hostio.h"
#include <windows.h>
#include <winnt.h>
#include <imagehlp.h>
#include <tlhelp32.h>
#include <psapi.h>
#include <process.h>
#include "gdbsupport/gdb_tilde_expand.h"
#include "gdbsupport/common-inferior.h"
#include "gdbsupport/gdb_wait.h"

using namespace windows_nat;

#ifndef USE_WIN32API
#include <sys/cygwin.h>
#endif

#define OUTMSG(X) do { printf X; fflush (stderr); } while (0)

#define OUTMSG2(X) \
  do						\
    {						\
      if (debug_threads)			\
	{					\
	  printf X;				\
	  fflush (stderr);			\
	}					\
    } while (0)

#ifndef _T
#define _T(x) TEXT (x)
#endif

#ifndef COUNTOF
#define COUNTOF(STR) (sizeof (STR) / sizeof ((STR)[0]))
#endif

#ifdef _WIN32_WCE
# define GETPROCADDRESS(DLL, PROC) \
  ((winapi_ ## PROC) GetProcAddress (DLL, TEXT (#PROC)))
#else
# define GETPROCADDRESS(DLL, PROC) \
  ((winapi_ ## PROC) GetProcAddress (DLL, #PROC))
#endif

int using_threads = 1;

/* Globals.  */
static int attaching = 0;

/* A status that hasn't been reported to the core yet, and so
   win32_wait should return it next, instead of fetching the next
   debug event off the win32 API.  */
static struct target_waitstatus cached_status;

/* Non zero if an interrupt request is to be satisfied by suspending
   all threads.  */
static int soft_interrupt_requested = 0;

/* Non zero if the inferior is stopped in a simulated breakpoint done
   by suspending all the threads.  */
static int faked_breakpoint = 0;

const struct target_desc *win32_tdesc;

#define NUM_REGS (the_low_target.num_regs)

typedef BOOL (WINAPI *winapi_DebugActiveProcessStop) (DWORD dwProcessId);
typedef BOOL (WINAPI *winapi_DebugSetProcessKillOnExit) (BOOL KillOnExit);
typedef BOOL (WINAPI *winapi_DebugBreakProcess) (HANDLE);
typedef BOOL (WINAPI *winapi_GenerateConsoleCtrlEvent) (DWORD, DWORD);

#ifndef _WIN32_WCE
static void win32_add_all_dlls (void);
#endif

/* Get the thread ID from the current selected inferior (the current
   thread).  */
static ptid_t
current_thread_ptid (void)
{
  return current_ptid;
}

/* The current debug event from WaitForDebugEvent.  */
static ptid_t
debug_event_ptid (DEBUG_EVENT *event)
{
  return ptid_t (event->dwProcessId, event->dwThreadId, 0);
}

/* Get the thread context of the thread associated with TH.  */

static void
win32_get_thread_context (windows_thread_info *th)
{
  memset (&th->context, 0, sizeof (CONTEXT));
  (*the_low_target.get_thread_context) (th);
#ifdef _WIN32_WCE
  memcpy (&th->base_context, &th->context, sizeof (CONTEXT));
#endif
}

/* Set the thread context of the thread associated with TH.  */

static void
win32_set_thread_context (windows_thread_info *th)
{
#ifdef _WIN32_WCE
  /* Calling SuspendThread on a thread that is running kernel code
     will report that the suspending was successful, but in fact, that
     will often not be true.  In those cases, the context returned by
     GetThreadContext will not be correct by the time the thread
     stops, hence we can't set that context back into the thread when
     resuming - it will most likely crash the inferior.
     Unfortunately, there is no way to know when the thread will
     really stop.  To work around it, we'll only write the context
     back to the thread when either the user or GDB explicitly change
     it between stopping and resuming.  */
  if (memcmp (&th->context, &th->base_context, sizeof (CONTEXT)) != 0)
#endif
    SetThreadContext (th->h, &th->context);
}

/* Set the thread context of the thread associated with TH.  */

static void
win32_prepare_to_resume (windows_thread_info *th)
{
  if (the_low_target.prepare_to_resume != NULL)
    (*the_low_target.prepare_to_resume) (th);
}

/* See win32-low.h.  */

void
win32_require_context (windows_thread_info *th)
{
  if (th->context.ContextFlags == 0)
    {
      th->suspend ();
      win32_get_thread_context (th);
    }
}

/* See nat/windows-nat.h.  */

windows_thread_info *
windows_nat::thread_rec (ptid_t ptid, thread_disposition_type disposition)
{
  thread_info *thread = find_thread_ptid (ptid);
  if (thread == NULL)
    return NULL;

  windows_thread_info *th = (windows_thread_info *) thread_target_data (thread);
  if (disposition != DONT_INVALIDATE_CONTEXT)
    win32_require_context (th);
  return th;
}

/* Add a thread to the thread list.  */
static windows_thread_info *
child_add_thread (DWORD pid, DWORD tid, HANDLE h, void *tlb)
{
  windows_thread_info *th;
  ptid_t ptid = ptid_t (pid, tid, 0);

  if ((th = thread_rec (ptid, DONT_INVALIDATE_CONTEXT)))
    return th;

  th = new windows_thread_info (tid, h, (CORE_ADDR) (uintptr_t) tlb);

  add_thread (ptid, th);

  if (the_low_target.thread_added != NULL)
    (*the_low_target.thread_added) (th);

  return th;
}

/* Delete a thread from the list of threads.  */
static void
delete_thread_info (thread_info *thread)
{
  windows_thread_info *th = (windows_thread_info *) thread_target_data (thread);

  remove_thread (thread);
  delete th;
}

/* Delete a thread from the list of threads.  */
static void
child_delete_thread (DWORD pid, DWORD tid)
{
  /* If the last thread is exiting, just return.  */
  if (all_threads.size () == 1)
    return;

  thread_info *thread = find_thread_ptid (ptid_t (pid, tid));
  if (thread == NULL)
    return;

  delete_thread_info (thread);
}

/* These watchpoint related wrapper functions simply pass on the function call
   if the low target has registered a corresponding function.  */

bool
win32_process_target::supports_z_point_type (char z_type)
{
  return (the_low_target.supports_z_point_type != NULL
	  && the_low_target.supports_z_point_type (z_type));
}

int
win32_process_target::insert_point (enum raw_bkpt_type type, CORE_ADDR addr,
				    int size, raw_breakpoint *bp)
{
  if (the_low_target.insert_point != NULL)
    return the_low_target.insert_point (type, addr, size, bp);
  else
    /* Unsupported (see target.h).  */
    return 1;
}

int
win32_process_target::remove_point (enum raw_bkpt_type type, CORE_ADDR addr,
				    int size, raw_breakpoint *bp)
{
  if (the_low_target.remove_point != NULL)
    return the_low_target.remove_point (type, addr, size, bp);
  else
    /* Unsupported (see target.h).  */
    return 1;
}

bool
win32_process_target::stopped_by_watchpoint ()
{
  if (the_low_target.stopped_by_watchpoint != NULL)
    return the_low_target.stopped_by_watchpoint ();
  else
    return false;
}

CORE_ADDR
win32_process_target::stopped_data_address ()
{
  if (the_low_target.stopped_data_address != NULL)
    return the_low_target.stopped_data_address ();
  else
    return 0;
}


/* Transfer memory from/to the debugged process.  */
static int
child_xfer_memory (CORE_ADDR memaddr, char *our, int len,
		   int write, process_stratum_target *target)
{
  BOOL success;
  SIZE_T done = 0;
  DWORD lasterror = 0;
  uintptr_t addr = (uintptr_t) memaddr;

  if (write)
    {
      success = WriteProcessMemory (current_process_handle, (LPVOID) addr,
				    (LPCVOID) our, len, &done);
      if (!success)
	lasterror = GetLastError ();
      FlushInstructionCache (current_process_handle, (LPCVOID) addr, len);
    }
  else
    {
      success = ReadProcessMemory (current_process_handle, (LPCVOID) addr,
				   (LPVOID) our, len, &done);
      if (!success)
	lasterror = GetLastError ();
    }
  if (!success && lasterror == ERROR_PARTIAL_COPY && done > 0)
    return done;
  else
    return success ? done : -1;
}

/* Clear out any old thread list and reinitialize it to a pristine
   state. */
static void
child_init_thread_list (void)
{
  for_each_thread (delete_thread_info);
}

/* Zero during the child initialization phase, and nonzero otherwise.  */

static int child_initialization_done = 0;

static void
do_initial_child_stuff (HANDLE proch, DWORD pid, int attached)
{
  struct process_info *proc;

  last_sig = GDB_SIGNAL_0;

  current_process_handle = proch;
  current_process_id = pid;
  main_thread_id = 0;

  soft_interrupt_requested = 0;
  faked_breakpoint = 0;

  memset (&current_event, 0, sizeof (current_event));

  proc = add_process (pid, attached);
  proc->tdesc = win32_tdesc;
  child_init_thread_list ();
  child_initialization_done = 0;

  if (the_low_target.initial_stuff != NULL)
    (*the_low_target.initial_stuff) ();

  cached_status.kind = TARGET_WAITKIND_IGNORE;

  /* Flush all currently pending debug events (thread and dll list) up
     to the initial breakpoint.  */
  while (1)
    {
      struct target_waitstatus status;

      the_target->wait (minus_one_ptid, &status, 0);

      /* Note win32_wait doesn't return thread events.  */
      if (status.kind != TARGET_WAITKIND_LOADED)
	{
	  cached_status = status;
	  break;
	}

      {
	struct thread_resume resume;

	resume.thread = minus_one_ptid;
	resume.kind = resume_continue;
	resume.sig = 0;

	the_target->resume (&resume, 1);
      }
    }

#ifndef _WIN32_WCE
  /* Now that the inferior has been started and all DLLs have been mapped,
     we can iterate over all DLLs and load them in.

     We avoid doing it any earlier because, on certain versions of Windows,
     LOAD_DLL_DEBUG_EVENTs are sometimes not complete.  In particular,
     we have seen on Windows 8.1 that the ntdll.dll load event does not
     include the DLL name, preventing us from creating an associated SO.
     A possible explanation is that ntdll.dll might be mapped before
     the SO info gets created by the Windows system -- ntdll.dll is
     the first DLL to be reported via LOAD_DLL_DEBUG_EVENT and other DLLs
     do not seem to suffer from that problem.

     Rather than try to work around this sort of issue, it is much
     simpler to just ignore DLL load/unload events during the startup
     phase, and then process them all in one batch now.  */
  win32_add_all_dlls ();
#endif

  child_initialization_done = 1;
}

/* Resume all artificially suspended threads if we are continuing
   execution.  */
static void
continue_one_thread (thread_info *thread, int thread_id)
{
  windows_thread_info *th = (windows_thread_info *) thread_target_data (thread);

  if (thread_id == -1 || thread_id == th->tid)
    {
      win32_prepare_to_resume (th);

      if (th->suspended)
	{
	  if (th->context.ContextFlags)
	    {
	      win32_set_thread_context (th);
	      th->context.ContextFlags = 0;
	    }

	  th->resume ();
	}
    }
}

static BOOL
child_continue (DWORD continue_status, int thread_id)
{
  /* The inferior will only continue after the ContinueDebugEvent
     call.  */
  for_each_thread ([&] (thread_info *thread)
    {
      continue_one_thread (thread, thread_id);
    });
  faked_breakpoint = 0;

  if (!ContinueDebugEvent (current_event.dwProcessId,
			   current_event.dwThreadId,
			   continue_status))
    return FALSE;

  return TRUE;
}

/* Fetch register(s) from the current thread context.  */
static void
child_fetch_inferior_registers (struct regcache *regcache, int r)
{
  int regno;
  windows_thread_info *th = thread_rec (current_thread_ptid (),
					INVALIDATE_CONTEXT);
  if (r == -1 || r > NUM_REGS)
    child_fetch_inferior_registers (regcache, NUM_REGS);
  else
    for (regno = 0; regno < r; regno++)
      (*the_low_target.fetch_inferior_register) (regcache, th, regno);
}

/* Store a new register value into the current thread context.  We don't
   change the program's context until later, when we resume it.  */
static void
child_store_inferior_registers (struct regcache *regcache, int r)
{
  int regno;
  windows_thread_info *th = thread_rec (current_thread_ptid (),
					INVALIDATE_CONTEXT);
  if (r == -1 || r == 0 || r > NUM_REGS)
    child_store_inferior_registers (regcache, NUM_REGS);
  else
    for (regno = 0; regno < r; regno++)
      (*the_low_target.store_inferior_register) (regcache, th, regno);
}

/* Map the Windows error number in ERROR to a locale-dependent error
   message string and return a pointer to it.  Typically, the values
   for ERROR come from GetLastError.

   The string pointed to shall not be modified by the application,
   but may be overwritten by a subsequent call to strwinerror

   The strwinerror function does not change the current setting
   of GetLastError.  */

char *
strwinerror (DWORD error)
{
  static char buf[1024];
  TCHAR *msgbuf;
  DWORD lasterr = GetLastError ();
  DWORD chars = FormatMessage (FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM
			       | FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER,
			       NULL,
			       error,
			       0, /* Default language */
			       (LPTSTR) &msgbuf,
			       0,
			       NULL);
  if (chars != 0)
    {
      /* If there is an \r\n appended, zap it.  */
      if (chars >= 2
	  && msgbuf[chars - 2] == '\r'
	  && msgbuf[chars - 1] == '\n')
	{
	  chars -= 2;
	  msgbuf[chars] = 0;
	}

      if (chars > ((COUNTOF (buf)) - 1))
	{
	  chars = COUNTOF (buf) - 1;
	  msgbuf [chars] = 0;
	}

#ifdef UNICODE
      wcstombs (buf, msgbuf, chars + 1);
#else
      strncpy (buf, msgbuf, chars + 1);
#endif
      LocalFree (msgbuf);
    }
  else
    sprintf (buf, "unknown win32 error (%u)", (unsigned) error);

  SetLastError (lasterr);
  return buf;
}

static BOOL
create_process (const char *program, char *args,
		DWORD flags, PROCESS_INFORMATION *pi)
{
  const char *inferior_cwd = get_inferior_cwd ();
  BOOL ret;
  size_t argslen, proglen;

  proglen = strlen (program) + 1;
  argslen = strlen (args) + proglen;

#ifdef _WIN32_WCE
  wchar_t *p, *wprogram, *wargs, *wcwd = NULL;

  wprogram = (wchar_t *) alloca (proglen * sizeof (wchar_t));
  mbstowcs (wprogram, program, proglen);

  for (p = wprogram; *p; ++p)
    if (L'/' == *p)
      *p = L'\\';

  wargs = alloca ((argslen + 1) * sizeof (wchar_t));
  wcscpy (wargs, wprogram);
  wcscat (wargs, L" ");
  mbstowcs (wargs + proglen, args, argslen + 1 - proglen);

  if (inferior_cwd != NULL)
    {
      std::string expanded_infcwd = gdb_tilde_expand (inferior_cwd);
      std::replace (expanded_infcwd.begin (), expanded_infcwd.end (),
		    '/', '\\');
      wcwd = alloca ((expanded_infcwd.size () + 1) * sizeof (wchar_t));
      if (mbstowcs (wcwd, expanded_infcwd.c_str (),
		    expanded_infcwd.size () + 1) == NULL)
	{
	  error (_("\
Could not convert the expanded inferior cwd to wide-char."));
	}
    }

  ret = CreateProcessW (wprogram, /* image name */
			wargs,    /* command line */
			NULL,     /* security, not supported */
			NULL,     /* thread, not supported */
			FALSE,    /* inherit handles, not supported */
			flags,    /* start flags */
			NULL,     /* environment, not supported */
			wcwd,     /* current directory */
			NULL,     /* start info, not supported */
			pi);      /* proc info */
#else
  STARTUPINFOA si = { sizeof (STARTUPINFOA) };
  char *program_and_args = (char *) alloca (argslen + 1);

  strcpy (program_and_args, program);
  strcat (program_and_args, " ");
  strcat (program_and_args, args);
  ret = CreateProcessA (program,           /* image name */
			program_and_args,  /* command line */
			NULL,              /* security */
			NULL,              /* thread */
			TRUE,              /* inherit handles */
			flags,             /* start flags */
			NULL,              /* environment */
			/* current directory */
			(inferior_cwd == NULL
			 ? NULL
			 : gdb_tilde_expand (inferior_cwd).c_str()),
			&si,               /* start info */
			pi);               /* proc info */
#endif

  return ret;
}

/* Start a new process.
   PROGRAM is the program name.
   PROGRAM_ARGS is the vector containing the inferior's args.
   Returns the new PID on success, -1 on failure.  Registers the new
   process with the process list.  */
int
win32_process_target::create_inferior (const char *program,
				       const std::vector<char *> &program_args)
{
  client_state &cs = get_client_state ();
#ifndef USE_WIN32API
  char real_path[PATH_MAX];
  char *orig_path, *new_path, *path_ptr;
#endif
  BOOL ret;
  DWORD flags;
  PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
  DWORD err;
  std::string str_program_args = stringify_argv (program_args);
  char *args = (char *) str_program_args.c_str ();

  /* win32_wait needs to know we're not attaching.  */
  attaching = 0;

  if (!program)
    error ("No executable specified, specify executable to debug.\n");

  flags = DEBUG_PROCESS | DEBUG_ONLY_THIS_PROCESS;

#ifndef USE_WIN32API
  orig_path = NULL;
  path_ptr = getenv ("PATH");
  if (path_ptr)
    {
      int size = cygwin_conv_path_list (CCP_POSIX_TO_WIN_A, path_ptr, NULL, 0);
      orig_path = (char *) alloca (strlen (path_ptr) + 1);
      new_path = (char *) alloca (size);
      strcpy (orig_path, path_ptr);
      cygwin_conv_path_list (CCP_POSIX_TO_WIN_A, path_ptr, new_path, size);
      setenv ("PATH", new_path, 1);
     }
  cygwin_conv_path (CCP_POSIX_TO_WIN_A, program, real_path, PATH_MAX);
  program = real_path;
#endif

  OUTMSG2 (("Command line is \"%s %s\"\n", program, args));

#ifdef CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP
  flags |= CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP;
#endif

  ret = create_process (program, args, flags, &pi);
  err = GetLastError ();
  if (!ret && err == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND)
    {
      char *exename = (char *) alloca (strlen (program) + 5);
      strcat (strcpy (exename, program), ".exe");
      ret = create_process (exename, args, flags, &pi);
      err = GetLastError ();
    }

#ifndef USE_WIN32API
  if (orig_path)
    setenv ("PATH", orig_path, 1);
#endif

  if (!ret)
    {
      error ("Error creating process \"%s %s\", (error %d): %s\n",
	     program, args, (int) err, strwinerror (err));
    }
  else
    {
      OUTMSG2 (("Process created: %s %s\n", program, (char *) args));
    }

#ifndef _WIN32_WCE
  /* On Windows CE this handle can't be closed.  The OS reuses
     it in the debug events, while the 9x/NT versions of Windows
     probably use a DuplicateHandle'd one.  */
  CloseHandle (pi.hThread);
#endif

  do_initial_child_stuff (pi.hProcess, pi.dwProcessId, 0);

  /* Wait till we are at 1st instruction in program, return new pid
     (assuming success).  */
  cs.last_ptid = wait (ptid_t (current_process_id), &cs.last_status, 0);

  /* Necessary for handle_v_kill.  */
  signal_pid = current_process_id;

  return current_process_id;
}

/* Attach to a running process.
   PID is the process ID to attach to, specified by the user
   or a higher layer.  */
int
win32_process_target::attach (unsigned long pid)
{
  HANDLE h;
  winapi_DebugSetProcessKillOnExit DebugSetProcessKillOnExit = NULL;
  DWORD err;
#ifdef _WIN32_WCE
  HMODULE dll = GetModuleHandle (_T("COREDLL.DLL"));
#else
  HMODULE dll = GetModuleHandle (_T("KERNEL32.DLL"));
#endif
  DebugSetProcessKillOnExit = GETPROCADDRESS (dll, DebugSetProcessKillOnExit);

  h = OpenProcess (PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, FALSE, pid);
  if (h != NULL)
    {
      if (DebugActiveProcess (pid))
	{
	  if (DebugSetProcessKillOnExit != NULL)
	    DebugSetProcessKillOnExit (FALSE);

	  /* win32_wait needs to know we're attaching.  */
	  attaching = 1;
	  do_initial_child_stuff (h, pid, 1);
	  return 0;
	}

      CloseHandle (h);
    }

  err = GetLastError ();
  error ("Attach to process failed (error %d): %s\n",
	 (int) err, strwinerror (err));
}

/* See nat/windows-nat.h.  */

int
windows_nat::handle_output_debug_string (struct target_waitstatus *ourstatus)
{
#define READ_BUFFER_LEN 1024
  CORE_ADDR addr;
  char s[READ_BUFFER_LEN + 1] = { 0 };
  DWORD nbytes = current_event.u.DebugString.nDebugStringLength;

  if (nbytes == 0)
    return 0;

  if (nbytes > READ_BUFFER_LEN)
    nbytes = READ_BUFFER_LEN;

  addr = (CORE_ADDR) (size_t) current_event.u.DebugString.lpDebugStringData;

  if (current_event.u.DebugString.fUnicode)
    {
      /* The event tells us how many bytes, not chars, even
	 in Unicode.  */
      WCHAR buffer[(READ_BUFFER_LEN + 1) / sizeof (WCHAR)] = { 0 };
      if (read_inferior_memory (addr, (unsigned char *) buffer, nbytes) != 0)
	return 0;
      wcstombs (s, buffer, (nbytes + 1) / sizeof (WCHAR));
    }
  else
    {
      if (read_inferior_memory (addr, (unsigned char *) s, nbytes) != 0)
	return 0;
    }

  if (!startswith (s, "cYg"))
    {
      if (!server_waiting)
	{
	  OUTMSG2(("%s", s));
	  return 0;
	}

      monitor_output (s);
    }
#undef READ_BUFFER_LEN

  return 0;
}

static void
win32_clear_inferiors (void)
{
  if (current_process_handle != NULL)
    CloseHandle (current_process_handle);

  for_each_thread (delete_thread_info);
  siginfo_er.ExceptionCode = 0;
  clear_inferiors ();
}

/* Implementation of target_ops::kill.  */

int
win32_process_target::kill (process_info *process)
{
  TerminateProcess (current_process_handle, 0);
  for (;;)
    {
      if (!child_continue (DBG_CONTINUE, -1))
	break;
      if (!WaitForDebugEvent (&current_event, INFINITE))
	break;
      if (current_event.dwDebugEventCode == EXIT_PROCESS_DEBUG_EVENT)
	break;
      else if (current_event.dwDebugEventCode == OUTPUT_DEBUG_STRING_EVENT)
	handle_output_debug_string (nullptr);
    }

  win32_clear_inferiors ();

  remove_process (process);
  return 0;
}

/* Implementation of target_ops::detach.  */

int
win32_process_target::detach (process_info *process)
{
  winapi_DebugActiveProcessStop DebugActiveProcessStop = NULL;
  winapi_DebugSetProcessKillOnExit DebugSetProcessKillOnExit = NULL;
#ifdef _WIN32_WCE
  HMODULE dll = GetModuleHandle (_T("COREDLL.DLL"));
#else
  HMODULE dll = GetModuleHandle (_T("KERNEL32.DLL"));
#endif
  DebugActiveProcessStop = GETPROCADDRESS (dll, DebugActiveProcessStop);
  DebugSetProcessKillOnExit = GETPROCADDRESS (dll, DebugSetProcessKillOnExit);

  if (DebugSetProcessKillOnExit == NULL
      || DebugActiveProcessStop == NULL)
    return -1;

  {
    struct thread_resume resume;
    resume.thread = minus_one_ptid;
    resume.kind = resume_continue;
    resume.sig = 0;
    this->resume (&resume, 1);
  }

  if (!DebugActiveProcessStop (current_process_id))
    return -1;

  DebugSetProcessKillOnExit (FALSE);
  remove_process (process);

  win32_clear_inferiors ();
  return 0;
}

void
win32_process_target::mourn (struct process_info *process)
{
  remove_process (process);
}

/* Implementation of target_ops::join.  */

void
win32_process_target::join (int pid)
{
  HANDLE h = OpenProcess (PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, FALSE, pid);
  if (h != NULL)
    {
      WaitForSingleObject (h, INFINITE);
      CloseHandle (h);
    }
}

/* Return true iff the thread with thread ID TID is alive.  */
bool
win32_process_target::thread_alive (ptid_t ptid)
{
  /* Our thread list is reliable; don't bother to poll target
     threads.  */
  return find_thread_ptid (ptid) != NULL;
}

/* Resume the inferior process.  RESUME_INFO describes how we want
   to resume.  */
void
win32_process_target::resume (thread_resume *resume_info, size_t n)
{
  DWORD tid;
  enum gdb_signal sig;
  int step;
  windows_thread_info *th;
  DWORD continue_status = DBG_CONTINUE;
  ptid_t ptid;

  /* This handles the very limited set of resume packets that GDB can
     currently produce.  */

  if (n == 1 && resume_info[0].thread == minus_one_ptid)
    tid = -1;
  else if (n > 1)
    tid = -1;
  else
    /* Yes, we're ignoring resume_info[0].thread.  It'd be tricky to make
       the Windows resume code do the right thing for thread switching.  */
    tid = current_event.dwThreadId;

  if (resume_info[0].thread != minus_one_ptid)
    {
      sig = gdb_signal_from_host (resume_info[0].sig);
      step = resume_info[0].kind == resume_step;
    }
  else
    {
      sig = GDB_SIGNAL_0;
      step = 0;
    }

  if (sig != GDB_SIGNAL_0)
    {
      if (current_event.dwDebugEventCode != EXCEPTION_DEBUG_EVENT)
	{
	  OUTMSG (("Cannot continue with signal %s here.\n",
		   gdb_signal_to_string (sig)));
	}
      else if (sig == last_sig)
	continue_status = DBG_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED;
      else
	OUTMSG (("Can only continue with received signal %s.\n",
		 gdb_signal_to_string (last_sig)));
    }

  last_sig = GDB_SIGNAL_0;

  /* Get context for the currently selected thread.  */
  ptid = debug_event_ptid (&current_event);
  th = thread_rec (ptid, DONT_INVALIDATE_CONTEXT);
  if (th)
    {
      win32_prepare_to_resume (th);

      if (th->context.ContextFlags)
	{
	  /* Move register values from the inferior into the thread
	     context structure.  */
	  regcache_invalidate ();

	  if (step)
	    {
	      if (the_low_target.single_step != NULL)
		(*the_low_target.single_step) (th);
	      else
		error ("Single stepping is not supported "
		       "in this configuration.\n");
	    }

	  win32_set_thread_context (th);
	  th->context.ContextFlags = 0;
	}
    }

  /* Allow continuing with the same signal that interrupted us.
     Otherwise complain.  */

  child_continue (continue_status, tid);
}

static void
win32_add_one_solib (const char *name, CORE_ADDR load_addr)
{
  char buf[MAX_PATH + 1];
  char buf2[MAX_PATH + 1];

#ifdef _WIN32_WCE
  WIN32_FIND_DATA w32_fd;
  WCHAR wname[MAX_PATH + 1];
  mbstowcs (wname, name, MAX_PATH);
  HANDLE h = FindFirstFile (wname, &w32_fd);
#else
  WIN32_FIND_DATAA w32_fd;
  HANDLE h = FindFirstFileA (name, &w32_fd);
#endif

  /* The symbols in a dll are offset by 0x1000, which is the
     offset from 0 of the first byte in an image - because
     of the file header and the section alignment. */
  load_addr += 0x1000;

  if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
    strcpy (buf, name);
  else
    {
      FindClose (h);
      strcpy (buf, name);
#ifndef _WIN32_WCE
      {
	char cwd[MAX_PATH + 1];
	char *p;
	if (GetCurrentDirectoryA (MAX_PATH + 1, cwd))
	  {
	    p = strrchr (buf, '\\');
	    if (p)
	      p[1] = '\0';
	    SetCurrentDirectoryA (buf);
	    GetFullPathNameA (w32_fd.cFileName, MAX_PATH, buf, &p);
	    SetCurrentDirectoryA (cwd);
	  }
      }
#endif
    }

#ifndef _WIN32_WCE
  if (strcasecmp (buf, "ntdll.dll") == 0)
    {
      GetSystemDirectoryA (buf, sizeof (buf));
      strcat (buf, "\\ntdll.dll");
    }
#endif

#ifdef __CYGWIN__
  cygwin_conv_path (CCP_WIN_A_TO_POSIX, buf, buf2, sizeof (buf2));
#else
  strcpy (buf2, buf);
#endif

  loaded_dll (buf2, load_addr);
}

typedef BOOL (WINAPI *winapi_EnumProcessModules) (HANDLE, HMODULE *,
						  DWORD, LPDWORD);
typedef BOOL (WINAPI *winapi_GetModuleInformation) (HANDLE, HMODULE,
						    LPMODULEINFO, DWORD);
typedef DWORD (WINAPI *winapi_GetModuleFileNameExA) (HANDLE, HMODULE,
						     LPSTR, DWORD);

static winapi_EnumProcessModules win32_EnumProcessModules;
static winapi_GetModuleInformation win32_GetModuleInformation;
static winapi_GetModuleFileNameExA win32_GetModuleFileNameExA;

static BOOL
load_psapi (void)
{
  static int psapi_loaded = 0;
  static HMODULE dll = NULL;

  if (!psapi_loaded)
    {
      psapi_loaded = 1;
      dll = LoadLibrary (TEXT("psapi.dll"));
      if (!dll)
	return FALSE;
      win32_EnumProcessModules =
	      GETPROCADDRESS (dll, EnumProcessModules);
      win32_GetModuleInformation =
	      GETPROCADDRESS (dll, GetModuleInformation);
      win32_GetModuleFileNameExA =
	      GETPROCADDRESS (dll, GetModuleFileNameExA);
    }

  return (win32_EnumProcessModules != NULL
	  && win32_GetModuleInformation != NULL
	  && win32_GetModuleFileNameExA != NULL);
}

#ifndef _WIN32_WCE

/* Iterate over all DLLs currently mapped by our inferior, and
   add them to our list of solibs.  */

static void
win32_add_all_dlls (void)
{
  size_t i;
  HMODULE dh_buf[1];
  HMODULE *DllHandle = dh_buf;
  DWORD cbNeeded;
  BOOL ok;

  if (!load_psapi ())
    return;

  cbNeeded = 0;
  ok = (*win32_EnumProcessModules) (current_process_handle,
				    DllHandle,
				    sizeof (HMODULE),
				    &cbNeeded);

  if (!ok || !cbNeeded)
    return;

  DllHandle = (HMODULE *) alloca (cbNeeded);
  if (!DllHandle)
    return;

  ok = (*win32_EnumProcessModules) (current_process_handle,
				    DllHandle,
				    cbNeeded,
				    &cbNeeded);
  if (!ok)
    return;

  for (i = 1; i < ((size_t) cbNeeded / sizeof (HMODULE)); i++)
    {
      MODULEINFO mi;
      char dll_name[MAX_PATH];

      if (!(*win32_GetModuleInformation) (current_process_handle,
					  DllHandle[i],
					  &mi,
					  sizeof (mi)))
	continue;
      if ((*win32_GetModuleFileNameExA) (current_process_handle,
					 DllHandle[i],
					 dll_name,
					 MAX_PATH) == 0)
	continue;
      win32_add_one_solib (dll_name, (CORE_ADDR) (uintptr_t) mi.lpBaseOfDll);
    }
}
#endif

typedef HANDLE (WINAPI *winapi_CreateToolhelp32Snapshot) (DWORD, DWORD);
typedef BOOL (WINAPI *winapi_Module32First) (HANDLE, LPMODULEENTRY32);
typedef BOOL (WINAPI *winapi_Module32Next) (HANDLE, LPMODULEENTRY32);

/* See nat/windows-nat.h.  */

void
windows_nat::handle_load_dll ()
{
  LOAD_DLL_DEBUG_INFO *event = &current_event.u.LoadDll;
  const char *dll_name;

  dll_name = get_image_name (current_process_handle,
			     event->lpImageName, event->fUnicode);
  if (!dll_name)
    return;

  win32_add_one_solib (dll_name, (CORE_ADDR) (uintptr_t) event->lpBaseOfDll);
}

/* See nat/windows-nat.h.  */

void
windows_nat::handle_unload_dll ()
{
  CORE_ADDR load_addr =
	  (CORE_ADDR) (uintptr_t) current_event.u.UnloadDll.lpBaseOfDll;

  /* The symbols in a dll are offset by 0x1000, which is the
     offset from 0 of the first byte in an image - because
     of the file header and the section alignment. */
  load_addr += 0x1000;
  unloaded_dll (NULL, load_addr);
}

static void
suspend_one_thread (thread_info *thread)
{
  windows_thread_info *th = (windows_thread_info *) thread_target_data (thread);

  th->suspend ();
}

static void
fake_breakpoint_event (void)
{
  OUTMSG2(("fake_breakpoint_event\n"));

  faked_breakpoint = 1;

  memset (&current_event, 0, sizeof (current_event));
  current_event.dwThreadId = main_thread_id;
  current_event.dwDebugEventCode = EXCEPTION_DEBUG_EVENT;
  current_event.u.Exception.ExceptionRecord.ExceptionCode
    = EXCEPTION_BREAKPOINT;

  for_each_thread (suspend_one_thread);
}

#ifdef _WIN32_WCE
static int
auto_delete_breakpoint (CORE_ADDR stop_pc)
{
  return 1;
}
#endif

/* See nat/windows-nat.h.  */

bool
windows_nat::handle_ms_vc_exception (const EXCEPTION_RECORD *rec)
{
  return false;
}

/* Get the next event from the child.  */

static int
get_child_debug_event (DWORD *continue_status,
		       struct target_waitstatus *ourstatus)
{
  ptid_t ptid;

  last_sig = GDB_SIGNAL_0;
  ourstatus->kind = TARGET_WAITKIND_SPURIOUS;
  *continue_status = DBG_CONTINUE;

  /* Check if GDB sent us an interrupt request.  */
  check_remote_input_interrupt_request ();

  if (soft_interrupt_requested)
    {
      soft_interrupt_requested = 0;
      fake_breakpoint_event ();
      goto gotevent;
    }

#ifndef _WIN32_WCE
  attaching = 0;
#else
  if (attaching)
    {
      /* WinCE doesn't set an initial breakpoint automatically.  To
	 stop the inferior, we flush all currently pending debug
	 events -- the thread list and the dll list are always
	 reported immediatelly without delay, then, we suspend all
	 threads and pretend we saw a trap at the current PC of the
	 main thread.

	 Contrary to desktop Windows, Windows CE *does* report the dll
	 names on LOAD_DLL_DEBUG_EVENTs resulting from a
	 DebugActiveProcess call.  This limits the way we can detect
	 if all the dlls have already been reported.  If we get a real
	 debug event before leaving attaching, the worst that will
	 happen is the user will see a spurious breakpoint.  */

      current_event.dwDebugEventCode = 0;
      if (!WaitForDebugEvent (&current_event, 0))
	{
	  OUTMSG2(("no attach events left\n"));
	  fake_breakpoint_event ();
	  attaching = 0;
	}
      else
	OUTMSG2(("got attach event\n"));
    }
  else
#endif
    {
      /* Keep the wait time low enough for comfortable remote
	 interruption, but high enough so gdbserver doesn't become a
	 bottleneck.  */
      if (!WaitForDebugEvent (&current_event, 250))
        {
	  DWORD e  = GetLastError();

	  if (e == ERROR_PIPE_NOT_CONNECTED)
	    {
	      /* This will happen if the loader fails to succesfully
		 load the application, e.g., if the main executable
		 tries to pull in a non-existing export from a
		 DLL.  */
	      ourstatus->kind = TARGET_WAITKIND_EXITED;
	      ourstatus->value.integer = 1;
	      return 1;
	    }

	  return 0;
        }
    }

 gotevent:

  switch (current_event.dwDebugEventCode)
    {
    case CREATE_THREAD_DEBUG_EVENT:
      OUTMSG2 (("gdbserver: kernel event CREATE_THREAD_DEBUG_EVENT "
		"for pid=%u tid=%x)\n",
		(unsigned) current_event.dwProcessId,
		(unsigned) current_event.dwThreadId));

      /* Record the existence of this thread.  */
      child_add_thread (current_event.dwProcessId,
			current_event.dwThreadId,
			current_event.u.CreateThread.hThread,
			current_event.u.CreateThread.lpThreadLocalBase);
      break;

    case EXIT_THREAD_DEBUG_EVENT:
      OUTMSG2 (("gdbserver: kernel event EXIT_THREAD_DEBUG_EVENT "
		"for pid=%u tid=%x\n",
		(unsigned) current_event.dwProcessId,
		(unsigned) current_event.dwThreadId));
      child_delete_thread (current_event.dwProcessId,
			   current_event.dwThreadId);

      current_thread = get_first_thread ();
      return 1;

    case CREATE_PROCESS_DEBUG_EVENT:
      OUTMSG2 (("gdbserver: kernel event CREATE_PROCESS_DEBUG_EVENT "
		"for pid=%u tid=%x\n",
		(unsigned) current_event.dwProcessId,
		(unsigned) current_event.dwThreadId));
      CloseHandle (current_event.u.CreateProcessInfo.hFile);

      current_process_handle = current_event.u.CreateProcessInfo.hProcess;
      main_thread_id = current_event.dwThreadId;

      /* Add the main thread.  */
      child_add_thread (current_event.dwProcessId,
			main_thread_id,
			current_event.u.CreateProcessInfo.hThread,
			current_event.u.CreateProcessInfo.lpThreadLocalBase);

#ifdef _WIN32_WCE
      if (!attaching)
	{
	  /* Windows CE doesn't set the initial breakpoint
	     automatically like the desktop versions of Windows do.
	     We add it explicitly here.	 It will be removed as soon as
	     it is hit.	 */
	  set_breakpoint_at ((CORE_ADDR) (long) current_event.u
			     .CreateProcessInfo.lpStartAddress,
			     auto_delete_breakpoint);
	}
#endif
      break;

    case EXIT_PROCESS_DEBUG_EVENT:
      OUTMSG2 (("gdbserver: kernel event EXIT_PROCESS_DEBUG_EVENT "
		"for pid=%u tid=%x\n",
		(unsigned) current_event.dwProcessId,
		(unsigned) current_event.dwThreadId));
      {
	DWORD exit_status = current_event.u.ExitProcess.dwExitCode;
	/* If the exit status looks like a fatal exception, but we
	   don't recognize the exception's code, make the original
	   exit status value available, to avoid losing information.  */
	int exit_signal
	  = WIFSIGNALED (exit_status) ? WTERMSIG (exit_status) : -1;
	if (exit_signal == -1)
	  {
	    ourstatus->kind = TARGET_WAITKIND_EXITED;
	    ourstatus->value.integer = exit_status;
	  }
	else
	  {
	    ourstatus->kind = TARGET_WAITKIND_SIGNALLED;
	    ourstatus->value.sig = gdb_signal_from_host (exit_signal);
	  }
      }
      child_continue (DBG_CONTINUE, -1);
      CloseHandle (current_process_handle);
      current_process_handle = NULL;
      break;

    case LOAD_DLL_DEBUG_EVENT:
      OUTMSG2 (("gdbserver: kernel event LOAD_DLL_DEBUG_EVENT "
		"for pid=%u tid=%x\n",
		(unsigned) current_event.dwProcessId,
		(unsigned) current_event.dwThreadId));
      CloseHandle (current_event.u.LoadDll.hFile);
      if (! child_initialization_done)
	break;
      handle_load_dll ();

      ourstatus->kind = TARGET_WAITKIND_LOADED;
      ourstatus->value.sig = GDB_SIGNAL_TRAP;
      break;

    case UNLOAD_DLL_DEBUG_EVENT:
      OUTMSG2 (("gdbserver: kernel event UNLOAD_DLL_DEBUG_EVENT "
		"for pid=%u tid=%x\n",
		(unsigned) current_event.dwProcessId,
		(unsigned) current_event.dwThreadId));
      if (! child_initialization_done)
	break;
      handle_unload_dll ();
      ourstatus->kind = TARGET_WAITKIND_LOADED;
      ourstatus->value.sig = GDB_SIGNAL_TRAP;
      break;

    case EXCEPTION_DEBUG_EVENT:
      OUTMSG2 (("gdbserver: kernel event EXCEPTION_DEBUG_EVENT "
		"for pid=%u tid=%x\n",
		(unsigned) current_event.dwProcessId,
		(unsigned) current_event.dwThreadId));
      if (handle_exception (ourstatus, debug_threads)
	  == HANDLE_EXCEPTION_UNHANDLED)
	*continue_status = DBG_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED;
      break;

    case OUTPUT_DEBUG_STRING_EVENT:
      /* A message from the kernel (or Cygwin).  */
      OUTMSG2 (("gdbserver: kernel event OUTPUT_DEBUG_STRING_EVENT "
		"for pid=%u tid=%x\n",
		(unsigned) current_event.dwProcessId,
		(unsigned) current_event.dwThreadId));
      handle_output_debug_string (nullptr);
      break;

    default:
      OUTMSG2 (("gdbserver: kernel event unknown "
		"for pid=%u tid=%x code=%x\n",
		(unsigned) current_event.dwProcessId,
		(unsigned) current_event.dwThreadId,
		(unsigned) current_event.dwDebugEventCode));
      break;
    }

  ptid = debug_event_ptid (&current_event);
  current_thread = find_thread_ptid (ptid);
  return 1;
}

/* Wait for the inferior process to change state.
   STATUS will be filled in with a response code to send to GDB.
   Returns the signal which caused the process to stop. */
ptid_t
win32_process_target::wait (ptid_t ptid, target_waitstatus *ourstatus,
			    int options)
{
  struct regcache *regcache;

  if (cached_status.kind != TARGET_WAITKIND_IGNORE)
    {
      /* The core always does a wait after creating the inferior, and
	 do_initial_child_stuff already ran the inferior to the
	 initial breakpoint (or an exit, if creating the process
	 fails).  Report it now.  */
      *ourstatus = cached_status;
      cached_status.kind = TARGET_WAITKIND_IGNORE;
      return debug_event_ptid (&current_event);
    }

  while (1)
    {
      DWORD continue_status;
      if (!get_child_debug_event (&continue_status, ourstatus))
	continue;

      switch (ourstatus->kind)
	{
	case TARGET_WAITKIND_EXITED:
	  OUTMSG2 (("Child exited with retcode = %x\n",
		    ourstatus->value.integer));
	  win32_clear_inferiors ();
	  return ptid_t (current_event.dwProcessId);
	case TARGET_WAITKIND_STOPPED:
	case TARGET_WAITKIND_SIGNALLED:
	case TARGET_WAITKIND_LOADED:
	  OUTMSG2 (("Child Stopped with signal = %d \n",
		    ourstatus->value.sig));

	  regcache = get_thread_regcache (current_thread, 1);
	  child_fetch_inferior_registers (regcache, -1);
	  return debug_event_ptid (&current_event);
	default:
	  OUTMSG (("Ignoring unknown internal event, %d\n", ourstatus->kind));
	  /* fall-through */
	case TARGET_WAITKIND_SPURIOUS:
	  /* do nothing, just continue */
	  child_continue (continue_status, -1);
	  break;
	}
    }
}

/* Fetch registers from the inferior process.
   If REGNO is -1, fetch all registers; otherwise, fetch at least REGNO.  */
void
win32_process_target::fetch_registers (regcache *regcache, int regno)
{
  child_fetch_inferior_registers (regcache, regno);
}

/* Store registers to the inferior process.
   If REGNO is -1, store all registers; otherwise, store at least REGNO.  */
void
win32_process_target::store_registers (regcache *regcache, int regno)
{
  child_store_inferior_registers (regcache, regno);
}

/* Read memory from the inferior process.  This should generally be
   called through read_inferior_memory, which handles breakpoint shadowing.
   Read LEN bytes at MEMADDR into a buffer at MYADDR.  */
int
win32_process_target::read_memory (CORE_ADDR memaddr, unsigned char *myaddr,
				   int len)
{
  return child_xfer_memory (memaddr, (char *) myaddr, len, 0, 0) != len;
}

/* Write memory to the inferior process.  This should generally be
   called through write_inferior_memory, which handles breakpoint shadowing.
   Write LEN bytes from the buffer at MYADDR to MEMADDR.
   Returns 0 on success and errno on failure.  */
int
win32_process_target::write_memory (CORE_ADDR memaddr,
				    const unsigned char *myaddr, int len)
{
  return child_xfer_memory (memaddr, (char *) myaddr, len, 1, 0) != len;
}

/* Send an interrupt request to the inferior process. */
void
win32_process_target::request_interrupt ()
{
  winapi_DebugBreakProcess DebugBreakProcess;
  winapi_GenerateConsoleCtrlEvent GenerateConsoleCtrlEvent;

#ifdef _WIN32_WCE
  HMODULE dll = GetModuleHandle (_T("COREDLL.DLL"));
#else
  HMODULE dll = GetModuleHandle (_T("KERNEL32.DLL"));
#endif

  GenerateConsoleCtrlEvent = GETPROCADDRESS (dll, GenerateConsoleCtrlEvent);

  if (GenerateConsoleCtrlEvent != NULL
      && GenerateConsoleCtrlEvent (CTRL_BREAK_EVENT, current_process_id))
    return;

  /* GenerateConsoleCtrlEvent can fail if process id being debugged is
     not a process group id.
     Fallback to XP/Vista 'DebugBreakProcess', which generates a
     breakpoint exception in the interior process.  */

  DebugBreakProcess = GETPROCADDRESS (dll, DebugBreakProcess);

  if (DebugBreakProcess != NULL
      && DebugBreakProcess (current_process_handle))
    return;

  /* Last resort, suspend all threads manually.  */
  soft_interrupt_requested = 1;
}

bool
win32_process_target::supports_hardware_single_step ()
{
  return true;
}

#ifdef _WIN32_WCE
int
win32_error_to_fileio_error (DWORD err)
{
  switch (err)
    {
    case ERROR_BAD_PATHNAME:
    case ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND:
    case ERROR_INVALID_NAME:
    case ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND:
      return FILEIO_ENOENT;
    case ERROR_CRC:
    case ERROR_IO_DEVICE:
    case ERROR_OPEN_FAILED:
      return FILEIO_EIO;
    case ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE:
      return FILEIO_EBADF;
    case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
    case ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION:
      return FILEIO_EACCES;
    case ERROR_NOACCESS:
      return FILEIO_EFAULT;
    case ERROR_BUSY:
      return FILEIO_EBUSY;
    case ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS:
    case ERROR_FILE_EXISTS:
      return FILEIO_EEXIST;
    case ERROR_BAD_DEVICE:
      return FILEIO_ENODEV;
    case ERROR_DIRECTORY:
      return FILEIO_ENOTDIR;
    case ERROR_FILENAME_EXCED_RANGE:
    case ERROR_INVALID_DATA:
    case ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER:
    case ERROR_NEGATIVE_SEEK:
      return FILEIO_EINVAL;
    case ERROR_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES:
      return FILEIO_EMFILE;
    case ERROR_HANDLE_DISK_FULL:
    case ERROR_DISK_FULL:
      return FILEIO_ENOSPC;
    case ERROR_WRITE_PROTECT:
      return FILEIO_EROFS;
    case ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED:
      return FILEIO_ENOSYS;
    }

  return FILEIO_EUNKNOWN;
}

void
win32_process_target::hostio_last_error (char *buf)
{
  DWORD winerr = GetLastError ();
  int fileio_err = win32_error_to_fileio_error (winerr);
  sprintf (buf, "F-1,%x", fileio_err);
}
#endif

bool
win32_process_target::supports_qxfer_siginfo ()
{
  return true;
}

/* Write Windows signal info.  */

int
win32_process_target::qxfer_siginfo (const char *annex,
				     unsigned char *readbuf,
				     unsigned const char *writebuf,
				     CORE_ADDR offset, int len)
{
  if (siginfo_er.ExceptionCode == 0)
    return -1;

  if (readbuf == nullptr)
    return -1;

  if (offset > sizeof (siginfo_er))
    return -1;

  if (offset + len > sizeof (siginfo_er))
    len = sizeof (siginfo_er) - offset;

  memcpy (readbuf, (char *) &siginfo_er + offset, len);

  return len;
}

bool
win32_process_target::supports_get_tib_address ()
{
  return true;
}

/* Write Windows OS Thread Information Block address.  */

int
win32_process_target::get_tib_address (ptid_t ptid, CORE_ADDR *addr)
{
  windows_thread_info *th;
  th = thread_rec (ptid, DONT_INVALIDATE_CONTEXT);
  if (th == NULL)
    return 0;
  if (addr != NULL)
    *addr = th->thread_local_base;
  return 1;
}

/* Implementation of the target_ops method "sw_breakpoint_from_kind".  */

const gdb_byte *
win32_process_target::sw_breakpoint_from_kind (int kind, int *size)
{
  *size = the_low_target.breakpoint_len;
  return the_low_target.breakpoint;
}

/* The win32 target ops object.  */

static win32_process_target the_win32_target;

/* Initialize the Win32 backend.  */
void
initialize_low (void)
{
  set_target_ops (&the_win32_target);
  the_low_target.arch_setup ();
}