linux/fs/overlayfs/dir.c

/*
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2011 Novell Inc.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation.
 */

#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/namei.h>
#include <linux/xattr.h>
#include <linux/security.h>
#include <linux/cred.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/posix_acl.h>
#include <linux/posix_acl_xattr.h>
#include <linux/atomic.h>
#include <linux/ratelimit.h>
#include "overlayfs.h"

static unsigned short ovl_redirect_max = 256;
module_param_named(redirect_max, ovl_redirect_max, ushort, 0644);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(ovl_redirect_max,
		 "Maximum length of absolute redirect xattr value");

void ovl_cleanup(struct inode *wdir, struct dentry *wdentry)
{
	int err;

	dget(wdentry);
	if (d_is_dir(wdentry))
		err = ovl_do_rmdir(wdir, wdentry);
	else
		err = ovl_do_unlink(wdir, wdentry);
	dput(wdentry);

	if (err) {
		pr_err("overlayfs: cleanup of '%pd2' failed (%i)\n",
		       wdentry, err);
	}
}

struct dentry *ovl_lookup_temp(struct dentry *workdir)
{
	struct dentry *temp;
	char name[20];
	static atomic_t temp_id = ATOMIC_INIT(0);

	/* counter is allowed to wrap, since temp dentries are ephemeral */
	snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "#%x", atomic_inc_return(&temp_id));

	temp = lookup_one_len(name, workdir, strlen(name));
	if (!IS_ERR(temp) && temp->d_inode) {
		pr_err("overlayfs: workdir/%s already exists\n", name);
		dput(temp);
		temp = ERR_PTR(-EIO);
	}

	return temp;
}

/* caller holds i_mutex on workdir */
static struct dentry *ovl_whiteout(struct dentry *workdir,
				   struct dentry *dentry)
{
	int err;
	struct dentry *whiteout;
	struct inode *wdir = workdir->d_inode;

	whiteout = ovl_lookup_temp(workdir);
	if (IS_ERR(whiteout))
		return whiteout;

	err = ovl_do_whiteout(wdir, whiteout);
	if (err) {
		dput(whiteout);
		whiteout = ERR_PTR(err);
	}

	return whiteout;
}

int ovl_create_real(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *newdentry,
		    struct cattr *attr, struct dentry *hardlink, bool debug)
{
	int err;

	if (newdentry->d_inode)
		return -ESTALE;

	if (hardlink) {
		err = ovl_do_link(hardlink, dir, newdentry, debug);
	} else {
		switch (attr->mode & S_IFMT) {
		case S_IFREG:
			err = ovl_do_create(dir, newdentry, attr->mode, debug);
			break;

		case S_IFDIR:
			err = ovl_do_mkdir(dir, newdentry, attr->mode, debug);
			break;

		case S_IFCHR:
		case S_IFBLK:
		case S_IFIFO:
		case S_IFSOCK:
			err = ovl_do_mknod(dir, newdentry,
					   attr->mode, attr->rdev, debug);
			break;

		case S_IFLNK:
			err = ovl_do_symlink(dir, newdentry, attr->link, debug);
			break;

		default:
			err = -EPERM;
		}
	}
	if (!err && WARN_ON(!newdentry->d_inode)) {
		/*
		 * Not quite sure if non-instantiated dentry is legal or not.
		 * VFS doesn't seem to care so check and warn here.
		 */
		err = -ENOENT;
	}
	return err;
}

static int ovl_set_opaque_xerr(struct dentry *dentry, struct dentry *upper,
			       int xerr)
{
	int err;

	err = ovl_check_setxattr(dentry, upper, OVL_XATTR_OPAQUE, "y", 1, xerr);
	if (!err)
		ovl_dentry_set_opaque(dentry);

	return err;
}

static int ovl_set_opaque(struct dentry *dentry, struct dentry *upperdentry)
{
	/*
	 * Fail with -EIO when trying to create opaque dir and upper doesn't
	 * support xattrs. ovl_rename() calls ovl_set_opaque_xerr(-EXDEV) to
	 * return a specific error for noxattr case.
	 */
	return ovl_set_opaque_xerr(dentry, upperdentry, -EIO);
}

static int ovl_set_impure(struct dentry *dentry, struct dentry *upperdentry)
{
	int err;

	/*
	 * Do not fail when upper doesn't support xattrs.
	 * Upper inodes won't have origin nor redirect xattr anyway.
	 */
	err = ovl_check_setxattr(dentry, upperdentry, OVL_XATTR_IMPURE,
				 "y", 1, 0);
	if (!err)
		ovl_dentry_set_impure(dentry);

	return err;
}

/* Common operations required to be done after creation of file on upper */
static void ovl_instantiate(struct dentry *dentry, struct inode *inode,
			    struct dentry *newdentry, bool hardlink)
{
	ovl_dentry_version_inc(dentry->d_parent);
	ovl_dentry_update(dentry, newdentry);
	if (!hardlink) {
		ovl_inode_update(inode, d_inode(newdentry));
		ovl_copyattr(newdentry->d_inode, inode);
	} else {
		WARN_ON(ovl_inode_real(inode, NULL) != d_inode(newdentry));
		inc_nlink(inode);
	}
	d_instantiate(dentry, inode);
	/* Force lookup of new upper hardlink to find its lower */
	if (hardlink)
		d_drop(dentry);
}

static bool ovl_type_merge(struct dentry *dentry)
{
	return OVL_TYPE_MERGE(ovl_path_type(dentry));
}

static bool ovl_type_origin(struct dentry *dentry)
{
	return OVL_TYPE_ORIGIN(ovl_path_type(dentry));
}

static int ovl_create_upper(struct dentry *dentry, struct inode *inode,
			    struct cattr *attr, struct dentry *hardlink)
{
	struct dentry *upperdir = ovl_dentry_upper(dentry->d_parent);
	struct inode *udir = upperdir->d_inode;
	struct dentry *newdentry;
	int err;

	if (!hardlink && !IS_POSIXACL(udir))
		attr->mode &= ~current_umask();

	inode_lock_nested(udir, I_MUTEX_PARENT);
	newdentry = lookup_one_len(dentry->d_name.name, upperdir,
				   dentry->d_name.len);
	err = PTR_ERR(newdentry);
	if (IS_ERR(newdentry))
		goto out_unlock;
	err = ovl_create_real(udir, newdentry, attr, hardlink, false);
	if (err)
		goto out_dput;

	if (ovl_type_merge(dentry->d_parent) && d_is_dir(newdentry)) {
		/* Setting opaque here is just an optimization, allow to fail */
		ovl_set_opaque(dentry, newdentry);
	}

	ovl_instantiate(dentry, inode, newdentry, !!hardlink);
	newdentry = NULL;
out_dput:
	dput(newdentry);
out_unlock:
	inode_unlock(udir);
	return err;
}

static int ovl_lock_rename_workdir(struct dentry *workdir,
				   struct dentry *upperdir)
{
	/* Workdir should not be the same as upperdir */
	if (workdir == upperdir)
		goto err;

	/* Workdir should not be subdir of upperdir and vice versa */
	if (lock_rename(workdir, upperdir) != NULL)
		goto err_unlock;

	return 0;

err_unlock:
	unlock_rename(workdir, upperdir);
err:
	pr_err("overlayfs: failed to lock workdir+upperdir\n");
	return -EIO;
}

static struct dentry *ovl_clear_empty(struct dentry *dentry,
				      struct list_head *list)
{
	struct dentry *workdir = ovl_workdir(dentry);
	struct inode *wdir = workdir->d_inode;
	struct dentry *upperdir = ovl_dentry_upper(dentry->d_parent);
	struct inode *udir = upperdir->d_inode;
	struct path upperpath;
	struct dentry *upper;
	struct dentry *opaquedir;
	struct kstat stat;
	int err;

	if (WARN_ON(!workdir))
		return ERR_PTR(-EROFS);

	err = ovl_lock_rename_workdir(workdir, upperdir);
	if (err)
		goto out;

	ovl_path_upper(dentry, &upperpath);
	err = vfs_getattr(&upperpath, &stat,
			  STATX_BASIC_STATS, AT_STATX_SYNC_AS_STAT);
	if (err)
		goto out_unlock;

	err = -ESTALE;
	if (!S_ISDIR(stat.mode))
		goto out_unlock;
	upper = upperpath.dentry;
	if (upper->d_parent->d_inode != udir)
		goto out_unlock;

	opaquedir = ovl_lookup_temp(workdir);
	err = PTR_ERR(opaquedir);
	if (IS_ERR(opaquedir))
		goto out_unlock;

	err = ovl_create_real(wdir, opaquedir,
			      &(struct cattr){.mode = stat.mode}, NULL, true);
	if (err)
		goto out_dput;

	err = ovl_copy_xattr(upper, opaquedir);
	if (err)
		goto out_cleanup;

	err = ovl_set_opaque(dentry, opaquedir);
	if (err)
		goto out_cleanup;

	inode_lock(opaquedir->d_inode);
	err = ovl_set_attr(opaquedir, &stat);
	inode_unlock(opaquedir->d_inode);
	if (err)
		goto out_cleanup;

	err = ovl_do_rename(wdir, opaquedir, udir, upper, RENAME_EXCHANGE);
	if (err)
		goto out_cleanup;

	ovl_cleanup_whiteouts(upper, list);
	ovl_cleanup(wdir, upper);
	unlock_rename(workdir, upperdir);

	/* dentry's upper doesn't match now, get rid of it */
	d_drop(dentry);

	return opaquedir;

out_cleanup:
	ovl_cleanup(wdir, opaquedir);
out_dput:
	dput(opaquedir);
out_unlock:
	unlock_rename(workdir, upperdir);
out:
	return ERR_PTR(err);
}

static struct dentry *ovl_check_empty_and_clear(struct dentry *dentry)
{
	int err;
	struct dentry *ret = NULL;
	enum ovl_path_type type = ovl_path_type(dentry);
	LIST_HEAD(list);

	err = ovl_check_empty_dir(dentry, &list);
	if (err) {
		ret = ERR_PTR(err);
		goto out_free;
	}

	/*
	 * When removing an empty opaque directory, then it makes no sense to
	 * replace it with an exact replica of itself.
	 *
	 * If no upperdentry then skip clearing whiteouts.
	 *
	 * Can race with copy-up, since we don't hold the upperdir mutex.
	 * Doesn't matter, since copy-up can't create a non-empty directory
	 * from an empty one.
	 */
	if (OVL_TYPE_UPPER(type) && OVL_TYPE_MERGE(type))
		ret = ovl_clear_empty(dentry, &list);

out_free:
	ovl_cache_free(&list);

	return ret;
}

static int ovl_set_upper_acl(struct dentry *upperdentry, const char *name,
			     const struct posix_acl *acl)
{
	void *buffer;
	size_t size;
	int err;

	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_FS_POSIX_ACL) || !acl)
		return 0;

	size = posix_acl_to_xattr(NULL, acl, NULL, 0);
	buffer = kmalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!buffer)
		return -ENOMEM;

	size = posix_acl_to_xattr(&init_user_ns, acl, buffer, size);
	err = size;
	if (err < 0)
		goto out_free;

	err = vfs_setxattr(upperdentry, name, buffer, size, XATTR_CREATE);
out_free:
	kfree(buffer);
	return err;
}

static int ovl_create_over_whiteout(struct dentry *dentry, struct inode *inode,
				    struct cattr *cattr,
				    struct dentry *hardlink)
{
	struct dentry *workdir = ovl_workdir(dentry);
	struct inode *wdir = workdir->d_inode;
	struct dentry *upperdir = ovl_dentry_upper(dentry->d_parent);
	struct inode *udir = upperdir->d_inode;
	struct dentry *upper;
	struct dentry *newdentry;
	int err;
	struct posix_acl *acl, *default_acl;

	if (WARN_ON(!workdir))
		return -EROFS;

	if (!hardlink) {
		err = posix_acl_create(dentry->d_parent->d_inode,
				       &cattr->mode, &default_acl, &acl);
		if (err)
			return err;
	}

	err = ovl_lock_rename_workdir(workdir, upperdir);
	if (err)
		goto out;

	newdentry = ovl_lookup_temp(workdir);
	err = PTR_ERR(newdentry);
	if (IS_ERR(newdentry))
		goto out_unlock;

	upper = lookup_one_len(dentry->d_name.name, upperdir,
			       dentry->d_name.len);
	err = PTR_ERR(upper);
	if (IS_ERR(upper))
		goto out_dput;

	err = ovl_create_real(wdir, newdentry, cattr, hardlink, true);
	if (err)
		goto out_dput2;

	/*
	 * mode could have been mutilated due to umask (e.g. sgid directory)
	 */
	if (!hardlink &&
	    !S_ISLNK(cattr->mode) &&
	    newdentry->d_inode->i_mode != cattr->mode) {
		struct iattr attr = {
			.ia_valid = ATTR_MODE,
			.ia_mode = cattr->mode,
		};
		inode_lock(newdentry->d_inode);
		err = notify_change(newdentry, &attr, NULL);
		inode_unlock(newdentry->d_inode);
		if (err)
			goto out_cleanup;
	}
	if (!hardlink) {
		err = ovl_set_upper_acl(newdentry, XATTR_NAME_POSIX_ACL_ACCESS,
					acl);
		if (err)
			goto out_cleanup;

		err = ovl_set_upper_acl(newdentry, XATTR_NAME_POSIX_ACL_DEFAULT,
					default_acl);
		if (err)
			goto out_cleanup;
	}

	if (!hardlink && S_ISDIR(cattr->mode)) {
		err = ovl_set_opaque(dentry, newdentry);
		if (err)
			goto out_cleanup;

		err = ovl_do_rename(wdir, newdentry, udir, upper,
				    RENAME_EXCHANGE);
		if (err)
			goto out_cleanup;

		ovl_cleanup(wdir, upper);
	} else {
		err = ovl_do_rename(wdir, newdentry, udir, upper, 0);
		if (err)
			goto out_cleanup;
	}
	ovl_instantiate(dentry, inode, newdentry, !!hardlink);
	newdentry = NULL;
out_dput2:
	dput(upper);
out_dput:
	dput(newdentry);
out_unlock:
	unlock_rename(workdir, upperdir);
out:
	if (!hardlink) {
		posix_acl_release(acl);
		posix_acl_release(default_acl);
	}
	return err;

out_cleanup:
	ovl_cleanup(wdir, newdentry);
	goto out_dput2;
}

static int ovl_create_or_link(struct dentry *dentry, struct inode *inode,
			      struct cattr *attr, struct dentry *hardlink)
{
	int err;
	const struct cred *old_cred;
	struct cred *override_cred;

	err = ovl_copy_up(dentry->d_parent);
	if (err)
		return err;

	old_cred = ovl_override_creds(dentry->d_sb);
	err = -ENOMEM;
	override_cred = prepare_creds();
	if (override_cred) {
		override_cred->fsuid = inode->i_uid;
		override_cred->fsgid = inode->i_gid;
		if (!hardlink) {
			err = security_dentry_create_files_as(dentry,
					attr->mode, &dentry->d_name, old_cred,
					override_cred);
			if (err) {
				put_cred(override_cred);
				goto out_revert_creds;
			}
		}
		put_cred(override_creds(override_cred));
		put_cred(override_cred);

		if (!ovl_dentry_is_whiteout(dentry))
			err = ovl_create_upper(dentry, inode, attr,
						hardlink);
		else
			err = ovl_create_over_whiteout(dentry, inode, attr,
							hardlink);
	}
out_revert_creds:
	revert_creds(old_cred);
	if (!err) {
		struct inode *realinode = d_inode(ovl_dentry_upper(dentry));

		WARN_ON(inode->i_mode != realinode->i_mode);
		WARN_ON(!uid_eq(inode->i_uid, realinode->i_uid));
		WARN_ON(!gid_eq(inode->i_gid, realinode->i_gid));
	}
	return err;
}

static int ovl_create_object(struct dentry *dentry, int mode, dev_t rdev,
			     const char *link)
{
	int err;
	struct inode *inode;
	struct cattr attr = {
		.rdev = rdev,
		.link = link,
	};

	err = ovl_want_write(dentry);
	if (err)
		goto out;

	err = -ENOMEM;
	inode = ovl_new_inode(dentry->d_sb, mode, rdev);
	if (!inode)
		goto out_drop_write;

	inode_init_owner(inode, dentry->d_parent->d_inode, mode);
	attr.mode = inode->i_mode;

	err = ovl_create_or_link(dentry, inode, &attr, NULL);
	if (err)
		iput(inode);

out_drop_write:
	ovl_drop_write(dentry);
out:
	return err;
}

static int ovl_create(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode,
		      bool excl)
{
	return ovl_create_object(dentry, (mode & 07777) | S_IFREG, 0, NULL);
}

static int ovl_mkdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode)
{
	return ovl_create_object(dentry, (mode & 07777) | S_IFDIR, 0, NULL);
}

static int ovl_mknod(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode,
		     dev_t rdev)
{
	/* Don't allow creation of "whiteout" on overlay */
	if (S_ISCHR(mode) && rdev == WHITEOUT_DEV)
		return -EPERM;

	return ovl_create_object(dentry, mode, rdev, NULL);
}

static int ovl_symlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry,
		       const char *link)
{
	return ovl_create_object(dentry, S_IFLNK, 0, link);
}

static int ovl_link(struct dentry *old, struct inode *newdir,
		    struct dentry *new)
{
	int err;
	struct inode *inode;

	err = ovl_want_write(old);
	if (err)
		goto out;

	err = ovl_copy_up(old);
	if (err)
		goto out_drop_write;

	inode = d_inode(old);
	ihold(inode);

	err = ovl_create_or_link(new, inode, NULL, ovl_dentry_upper(old));
	if (err)
		iput(inode);

out_drop_write:
	ovl_drop_write(old);
out:
	return err;
}

static int ovl_remove_and_whiteout(struct dentry *dentry, bool is_dir)
{
	struct dentry *workdir = ovl_workdir(dentry);
	struct inode *wdir = workdir->d_inode;
	struct dentry *upperdir = ovl_dentry_upper(dentry->d_parent);
	struct inode *udir = upperdir->d_inode;
	struct dentry *whiteout;
	struct dentry *upper;
	struct dentry *opaquedir = NULL;
	int err;
	int flags = 0;

	if (WARN_ON(!workdir))
		return -EROFS;

	if (is_dir) {
		opaquedir = ovl_check_empty_and_clear(dentry);
		err = PTR_ERR(opaquedir);
		if (IS_ERR(opaquedir))
			goto out;
	}

	err = ovl_lock_rename_workdir(workdir, upperdir);
	if (err)
		goto out_dput;

	upper = lookup_one_len(dentry->d_name.name, upperdir,
			       dentry->d_name.len);
	err = PTR_ERR(upper);
	if (IS_ERR(upper))
		goto out_unlock;

	err = -ESTALE;
	if ((opaquedir && upper != opaquedir) ||
	    (!opaquedir && ovl_dentry_upper(dentry) &&
	     upper != ovl_dentry_upper(dentry))) {
		goto out_dput_upper;
	}

	whiteout = ovl_whiteout(workdir, dentry);
	err = PTR_ERR(whiteout);
	if (IS_ERR(whiteout))
		goto out_dput_upper;

	if (d_is_dir(upper))
		flags = RENAME_EXCHANGE;

	err = ovl_do_rename(wdir, whiteout, udir, upper, flags);
	if (err)
		goto kill_whiteout;
	if (flags)
		ovl_cleanup(wdir, upper);

	ovl_dentry_version_inc(dentry->d_parent);
out_d_drop:
	d_drop(dentry);
	dput(whiteout);
out_dput_upper:
	dput(upper);
out_unlock:
	unlock_rename(workdir, upperdir);
out_dput:
	dput(opaquedir);
out:
	return err;

kill_whiteout:
	ovl_cleanup(wdir, whiteout);
	goto out_d_drop;
}

static int ovl_remove_upper(struct dentry *dentry, bool is_dir)
{
	struct dentry *upperdir = ovl_dentry_upper(dentry->d_parent);
	struct inode *dir = upperdir->d_inode;
	struct dentry *upper;
	struct dentry *opaquedir = NULL;
	int err;

	/* Redirect dir can be !ovl_lower_positive && OVL_TYPE_MERGE */
	if (is_dir && ovl_dentry_get_redirect(dentry)) {
		opaquedir = ovl_check_empty_and_clear(dentry);
		err = PTR_ERR(opaquedir);
		if (IS_ERR(opaquedir))
			goto out;
	}

	inode_lock_nested(dir, I_MUTEX_PARENT);
	upper = lookup_one_len(dentry->d_name.name, upperdir,
			       dentry->d_name.len);
	err = PTR_ERR(upper);
	if (IS_ERR(upper))
		goto out_unlock;

	err = -ESTALE;
	if ((opaquedir && upper != opaquedir) ||
	    (!opaquedir && upper != ovl_dentry_upper(dentry)))
		goto out_dput_upper;

	if (is_dir)
		err = vfs_rmdir(dir, upper);
	else
		err = vfs_unlink(dir, upper, NULL);
	ovl_dentry_version_inc(dentry->d_parent);

	/*
	 * Keeping this dentry hashed would mean having to release
	 * upperpath/lowerpath, which could only be done if we are the
	 * sole user of this dentry.  Too tricky...  Just unhash for
	 * now.
	 */
	if (!err)
		d_drop(dentry);
out_dput_upper:
	dput(upper);
out_unlock:
	inode_unlock(dir);
	dput(opaquedir);
out:
	return err;
}

static int ovl_do_remove(struct dentry *dentry, bool is_dir)
{
	enum ovl_path_type type;
	int err;
	const struct cred *old_cred;

	err = ovl_want_write(dentry);
	if (err)
		goto out;

	err = ovl_copy_up(dentry->d_parent);
	if (err)
		goto out_drop_write;

	type = ovl_path_type(dentry);

	old_cred = ovl_override_creds(dentry->d_sb);
	if (!ovl_lower_positive(dentry))
		err = ovl_remove_upper(dentry, is_dir);
	else
		err = ovl_remove_and_whiteout(dentry, is_dir);
	revert_creds(old_cred);
	if (!err) {
		if (is_dir)
			clear_nlink(dentry->d_inode);
		else
			drop_nlink(dentry->d_inode);
	}
out_drop_write:
	ovl_drop_write(dentry);
out:
	return err;
}

static int ovl_unlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
{
	return ovl_do_remove(dentry, false);
}

static int ovl_rmdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
{
	return ovl_do_remove(dentry, true);
}

static bool ovl_type_merge_or_lower(struct dentry *dentry)
{
	enum ovl_path_type type = ovl_path_type(dentry);

	return OVL_TYPE_MERGE(type) || !OVL_TYPE_UPPER(type);
}

static bool ovl_can_move(struct dentry *dentry)
{
	return ovl_redirect_dir(dentry->d_sb) ||
		!d_is_dir(dentry) || !ovl_type_merge_or_lower(dentry);
}

static char *ovl_get_redirect(struct dentry *dentry, bool samedir)
{
	char *buf, *ret;
	struct dentry *d, *tmp;
	int buflen = ovl_redirect_max + 1;

	if (samedir) {
		ret = kstrndup(dentry->d_name.name, dentry->d_name.len,
			       GFP_KERNEL);
		goto out;
	}

	buf = ret = kmalloc(buflen, GFP_TEMPORARY);
	if (!buf)
		goto out;

	buflen--;
	buf[buflen] = '\0';
	for (d = dget(dentry); !IS_ROOT(d);) {
		const char *name;
		int thislen;

		spin_lock(&d->d_lock);
		name = ovl_dentry_get_redirect(d);
		if (name) {
			thislen = strlen(name);
		} else {
			name = d->d_name.name;
			thislen = d->d_name.len;
		}

		/* If path is too long, fall back to userspace move */
		if (thislen + (name[0] != '/') > buflen) {
			ret = ERR_PTR(-EXDEV);
			spin_unlock(&d->d_lock);
			goto out_put;
		}

		buflen -= thislen;
		memcpy(&buf[buflen], name, thislen);
		tmp = dget_dlock(d->d_parent);
		spin_unlock(&d->d_lock);

		dput(d);
		d = tmp;

		/* Absolute redirect: finished */
		if (buf[buflen] == '/')
			break;
		buflen--;
		buf[buflen] = '/';
	}
	ret = kstrdup(&buf[buflen], GFP_KERNEL);
out_put:
	dput(d);
	kfree(buf);
out:
	return ret ? ret : ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
}

static int ovl_set_redirect(struct dentry *dentry, bool samedir)
{
	int err;
	const char *redirect = ovl_dentry_get_redirect(dentry);

	if (redirect && (samedir || redirect[0] == '/'))
		return 0;

	redirect = ovl_get_redirect(dentry, samedir);
	if (IS_ERR(redirect))
		return PTR_ERR(redirect);

	err = ovl_check_setxattr(dentry, ovl_dentry_upper(dentry),
				 OVL_XATTR_REDIRECT,
				 redirect, strlen(redirect), -EXDEV);
	if (!err) {
		spin_lock(&dentry->d_lock);
		ovl_dentry_set_redirect(dentry, redirect);
		spin_unlock(&dentry->d_lock);
	} else {
		kfree(redirect);
		pr_warn_ratelimited("overlay: failed to set redirect (%i)\n", err);
		/* Fall back to userspace copy-up */
		err = -EXDEV;
	}
	return err;
}

static int ovl_rename(struct inode *olddir, struct dentry *old,
		      struct inode *newdir, struct dentry *new,
		      unsigned int flags)
{
	int err;
	struct dentry *old_upperdir;
	struct dentry *new_upperdir;
	struct dentry *olddentry;
	struct dentry *newdentry;
	struct dentry *trap;
	bool old_opaque;
	bool new_opaque;
	bool cleanup_whiteout = false;
	bool overwrite = !(flags & RENAME_EXCHANGE);
	bool is_dir = d_is_dir(old);
	bool new_is_dir = d_is_dir(new);
	bool samedir = olddir == newdir;
	struct dentry *opaquedir = NULL;
	const struct cred *old_cred = NULL;

	err = -EINVAL;
	if (flags & ~(RENAME_EXCHANGE | RENAME_NOREPLACE))
		goto out;

	flags &= ~RENAME_NOREPLACE;

	/* Don't copy up directory trees */
	err = -EXDEV;
	if (!ovl_can_move(old))
		goto out;
	if (!overwrite && !ovl_can_move(new))
		goto out;

	err = ovl_want_write(old);
	if (err)
		goto out;

	err = ovl_copy_up(old);
	if (err)
		goto out_drop_write;

	err = ovl_copy_up(new->d_parent);
	if (err)
		goto out_drop_write;
	if (!overwrite) {
		err = ovl_copy_up(new);
		if (err)
			goto out_drop_write;
	}

	old_cred = ovl_override_creds(old->d_sb);

	if (overwrite && new_is_dir && ovl_type_merge_or_lower(new)) {
		opaquedir = ovl_check_empty_and_clear(new);
		err = PTR_ERR(opaquedir);
		if (IS_ERR(opaquedir)) {
			opaquedir = NULL;
			goto out_revert_creds;
		}
	}

	if (overwrite) {
		if (ovl_lower_positive(old)) {
			if (!ovl_dentry_is_whiteout(new)) {
				/* Whiteout source */
				flags |= RENAME_WHITEOUT;
			} else {
				/* Switch whiteouts */
				flags |= RENAME_EXCHANGE;
			}
		} else if (is_dir && ovl_dentry_is_whiteout(new)) {
			flags |= RENAME_EXCHANGE;
			cleanup_whiteout = true;
		}
	}

	old_upperdir = ovl_dentry_upper(old->d_parent);
	new_upperdir = ovl_dentry_upper(new->d_parent);

	if (!samedir) {
		/*
		 * When moving a merge dir or non-dir with copy up origin into
		 * a non-merge upper dir (a.k.a pure upper dir), we are making
		 * the target parent dir "impure". ovl_iterate() iterates pure
		 * upper dirs directly, because there is no need to filter out
		 * whiteouts and merge dir content with lower dir. But for the
		 * case of an "impure" upper dir, ovl_iterate() cannot iterate
		 * the real directory directly, because it looks for the inode
		 * numbers to fill d_ino in the entries origin inode.
		 */
		if (ovl_type_origin(old) && !ovl_type_merge(new->d_parent)) {
			err = ovl_set_impure(new->d_parent, new_upperdir);
			if (err)
				goto out_revert_creds;
		}
		if (!overwrite && ovl_type_origin(new) &&
		    !ovl_type_merge(old->d_parent)) {
			err = ovl_set_impure(old->d_parent, old_upperdir);
			if (err)
				goto out_revert_creds;
		}
	}

	trap = lock_rename(new_upperdir, old_upperdir);

	olddentry = lookup_one_len(old->d_name.name, old_upperdir,
				   old->d_name.len);
	err = PTR_ERR(olddentry);
	if (IS_ERR(olddentry))
		goto out_unlock;

	err = -ESTALE;
	if (olddentry != ovl_dentry_upper(old))
		goto out_dput_old;

	newdentry = lookup_one_len(new->d_name.name, new_upperdir,
				   new->d_name.len);
	err = PTR_ERR(newdentry);
	if (IS_ERR(newdentry))
		goto out_dput_old;

	old_opaque = ovl_dentry_is_opaque(old);
	new_opaque = ovl_dentry_is_opaque(new);

	err = -ESTALE;
	if (ovl_dentry_upper(new)) {
		if (opaquedir) {
			if (newdentry != opaquedir)
				goto out_dput;
		} else {
			if (newdentry != ovl_dentry_upper(new))
				goto out_dput;
		}
	} else {
		if (!d_is_negative(newdentry) &&
		    (!new_opaque || !ovl_is_whiteout(newdentry)))
			goto out_dput;
	}

	if (olddentry == trap)
		goto out_dput;
	if (newdentry == trap)
		goto out_dput;

	if (WARN_ON(olddentry->d_inode == newdentry->d_inode))
		goto out_dput;

	err = 0;
	if (is_dir) {
		if (ovl_type_merge_or_lower(old))
			err = ovl_set_redirect(old, samedir);
		else if (!old_opaque && ovl_type_merge(new->d_parent))
			err = ovl_set_opaque_xerr(old, olddentry, -EXDEV);
		if (err)
			goto out_dput;
	}
	if (!overwrite && new_is_dir) {
		if (ovl_type_merge_or_lower(new))
			err = ovl_set_redirect(new, samedir);
		else if (!new_opaque && ovl_type_merge(old->d_parent))
			err = ovl_set_opaque_xerr(new, newdentry, -EXDEV);
		if (err)
			goto out_dput;
	}

	err = ovl_do_rename(old_upperdir->d_inode, olddentry,
			    new_upperdir->d_inode, newdentry, flags);
	if (err)
		goto out_dput;

	if (cleanup_whiteout)
		ovl_cleanup(old_upperdir->d_inode, newdentry);

	ovl_dentry_version_inc(old->d_parent);
	ovl_dentry_version_inc(new->d_parent);

out_dput:
	dput(newdentry);
out_dput_old:
	dput(olddentry);
out_unlock:
	unlock_rename(new_upperdir, old_upperdir);
out_revert_creds:
	revert_creds(old_cred);
out_drop_write:
	ovl_drop_write(old);
out:
	dput(opaquedir);
	return err;
}

const struct inode_operations ovl_dir_inode_operations = {
	.lookup		= ovl_lookup,
	.mkdir		= ovl_mkdir,
	.symlink	= ovl_symlink,
	.unlink		= ovl_unlink,
	.rmdir		= ovl_rmdir,
	.rename		= ovl_rename,
	.link		= ovl_link,
	.setattr	= ovl_setattr,
	.create		= ovl_create,
	.mknod		= ovl_mknod,
	.permission	= ovl_permission,
	.getattr	= ovl_getattr,
	.listxattr	= ovl_listxattr,
	.get_acl	= ovl_get_acl,
	.update_time	= ovl_update_time,
};