linux/arch/arm64/include/asm/stacktrace.h
Mark Rutland c6d3cd32fd arm64: ftrace: use HAVE_FUNCTION_GRAPH_RET_ADDR_PTR
When CONFIG_FUNCTION_GRAPH_TRACER is selected and the function graph
tracer is in use, unwind_frame() may erroneously associate a traced
function with an incorrect return address. This can happen when starting
an unwind from a pt_regs, or when unwinding across an exception
boundary.

This can be seen when recording with perf while the function graph
tracer is in use. For example:

| # echo function_graph > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/current_tracer
| # perf record -g -e raw_syscalls:sys_enter:k /bin/true
| # perf report

... reports the callchain erroneously as:

| el0t_64_sync
| el0t_64_sync_handler
| el0_svc_common.constprop.0
| perf_callchain
| get_perf_callchain
| syscall_trace_enter
| syscall_trace_enter

... whereas when the function graph tracer is not in use, it reports:

| el0t_64_sync
| el0t_64_sync_handler
| el0_svc
| do_el0_svc
| el0_svc_common.constprop.0
| syscall_trace_enter
| syscall_trace_enter

The underlying problem is that ftrace_graph_get_ret_stack() takes an
index offset from the most recent entry added to the fgraph return
stack. We start an unwind at offset 0, and increment the offset each
time we encounter a rewritten return address (i.e. when we see
`return_to_handler`). This is broken in two cases:

1) Between creating a pt_regs and starting the unwind, function calls
   may place entries on the stack, leaving an arbitrary offset which we
   can only determine by performing a full unwind from the caller of the
   unwind code (and relying on none of the unwind code being
   instrumented).

   This can result in erroneous entries being reported in a backtrace
   recorded by perf or kfence when the function graph tracer is in use.
   Currently show_regs() is unaffected as dump_backtrace() performs an
   initial unwind.

2) When unwinding across an exception boundary (whether continuing an
   unwind or starting a new unwind from regs), we currently always skip
   the LR of the interrupted context. Where this was live and contained
   a rewritten address, we won't consume the corresponding fgraph ret
   stack entry, leaving subsequent entries off-by-one.

   This can result in erroneous entries being reported in a backtrace
   performed by any in-kernel unwinder when that backtrace crosses an
   exception boundary, with entries after the boundary being reported
   incorrectly. This includes perf, kfence, show_regs(), panic(), etc.

To fix this, we need to be able to uniquely identify each rewritten
return address such that we can map this back to the original return
address. We can use HAVE_FUNCTION_GRAPH_RET_ADDR_PTR to associate
each rewritten return address with a unique location on the stack. As
the return address is passed in the LR (and so is not guaranteed a
unique location in memory), we use the FP upon entry to the function
(i.e. the address of the caller's frame record) as the return address
pointer. Any nested call will have a different FP value as the caller
must create its own frame record and update FP to point to this.

Since ftrace_graph_ret_addr() requires the return address with the PAC
stripped, the stripping of the PAC is moved before the fixup of the
rewritten address. As we would unconditionally strip the PAC, moving
this earlier is not harmful, and we can avoid a redundant strip in the
return address fixup code.

I've tested this with the perf case above, the ftrace selftests, and
a number of ad-hoc unwinder tests. The tests all pass, and I have seen
no unexpected behaviour as a result of this change. I've tested with
pointer authentication under QEMU TCG where magic-sysrq+l correctly
recovers the original return addresses.

Note that this doesn't fix the issue of skipping a live LR at an
exception boundary, which is a more general problem and requires more
substantial rework. Were we to consume the LR in all cases this would
result in warnings where the interrupted context's LR contains
`return_to_handler`, but the FP has been altered, e.g.

| func:
|	<--- ftrace entry ---> 	// logs FP & LR, rewrites LR
| 	STP	FP, LR, [SP, #-16]!
| 	MOV	FP, SP
| 	<--- INTERRUPT --->

... as ftrace_graph_get_ret_stack() fill not find a matching entry,
triggering the WARN_ON_ONCE() in unwind_frame().

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211025164925.GB2001@C02TD0UTHF1T.local
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211027132529.30027-1-mark.rutland@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Madhavan T. Venkataraman <madvenka@linux.microsoft.com>
Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211029162245.39761-1-mark.rutland@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2021-11-16 09:47:54 +00:00

153 lines
4.1 KiB
C

/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
/*
* Copyright (C) 2012 ARM Ltd.
*/
#ifndef __ASM_STACKTRACE_H
#define __ASM_STACKTRACE_H
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/llist.h>
#include <asm/memory.h>
#include <asm/ptrace.h>
#include <asm/sdei.h>
enum stack_type {
STACK_TYPE_UNKNOWN,
STACK_TYPE_TASK,
STACK_TYPE_IRQ,
STACK_TYPE_OVERFLOW,
STACK_TYPE_SDEI_NORMAL,
STACK_TYPE_SDEI_CRITICAL,
__NR_STACK_TYPES
};
struct stack_info {
unsigned long low;
unsigned long high;
enum stack_type type;
};
/*
* A snapshot of a frame record or fp/lr register values, along with some
* accounting information necessary for robust unwinding.
*
* @fp: The fp value in the frame record (or the real fp)
* @pc: The lr value in the frame record (or the real lr)
*
* @stacks_done: Stacks which have been entirely unwound, for which it is no
* longer valid to unwind to.
*
* @prev_fp: The fp that pointed to this frame record, or a synthetic value
* of 0. This is used to ensure that within a stack, each
* subsequent frame record is at an increasing address.
* @prev_type: The type of stack this frame record was on, or a synthetic
* value of STACK_TYPE_UNKNOWN. This is used to detect a
* transition from one stack to another.
*/
struct stackframe {
unsigned long fp;
unsigned long pc;
DECLARE_BITMAP(stacks_done, __NR_STACK_TYPES);
unsigned long prev_fp;
enum stack_type prev_type;
#ifdef CONFIG_KRETPROBES
struct llist_node *kr_cur;
#endif
};
extern int unwind_frame(struct task_struct *tsk, struct stackframe *frame);
extern void walk_stackframe(struct task_struct *tsk, struct stackframe *frame,
bool (*fn)(void *, unsigned long), void *data);
extern void dump_backtrace(struct pt_regs *regs, struct task_struct *tsk,
const char *loglvl);
DECLARE_PER_CPU(unsigned long *, irq_stack_ptr);
static inline bool on_stack(unsigned long sp, unsigned long size,
unsigned long low, unsigned long high,
enum stack_type type, struct stack_info *info)
{
if (!low)
return false;
if (sp < low || sp + size < sp || sp + size > high)
return false;
if (info) {
info->low = low;
info->high = high;
info->type = type;
}
return true;
}
static inline bool on_irq_stack(unsigned long sp, unsigned long size,
struct stack_info *info)
{
unsigned long low = (unsigned long)raw_cpu_read(irq_stack_ptr);
unsigned long high = low + IRQ_STACK_SIZE;
return on_stack(sp, size, low, high, STACK_TYPE_IRQ, info);
}
static inline bool on_task_stack(const struct task_struct *tsk,
unsigned long sp, unsigned long size,
struct stack_info *info)
{
unsigned long low = (unsigned long)task_stack_page(tsk);
unsigned long high = low + THREAD_SIZE;
return on_stack(sp, size, low, high, STACK_TYPE_TASK, info);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_VMAP_STACK
DECLARE_PER_CPU(unsigned long [OVERFLOW_STACK_SIZE/sizeof(long)], overflow_stack);
static inline bool on_overflow_stack(unsigned long sp, unsigned long size,
struct stack_info *info)
{
unsigned long low = (unsigned long)raw_cpu_ptr(overflow_stack);
unsigned long high = low + OVERFLOW_STACK_SIZE;
return on_stack(sp, size, low, high, STACK_TYPE_OVERFLOW, info);
}
#else
static inline bool on_overflow_stack(unsigned long sp, unsigned long size,
struct stack_info *info) { return false; }
#endif
/*
* We can only safely access per-cpu stacks from current in a non-preemptible
* context.
*/
static inline bool on_accessible_stack(const struct task_struct *tsk,
unsigned long sp, unsigned long size,
struct stack_info *info)
{
if (info)
info->type = STACK_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
if (on_task_stack(tsk, sp, size, info))
return true;
if (tsk != current || preemptible())
return false;
if (on_irq_stack(sp, size, info))
return true;
if (on_overflow_stack(sp, size, info))
return true;
if (on_sdei_stack(sp, size, info))
return true;
return false;
}
void start_backtrace(struct stackframe *frame, unsigned long fp,
unsigned long pc);
#endif /* __ASM_STACKTRACE_H */