linux/kernel/sched/deadline.c
Dario Faggioli aab03e05e8 sched/deadline: Add SCHED_DEADLINE structures & implementation
Introduces the data structures, constants and symbols needed for
SCHED_DEADLINE implementation.

Core data structure of SCHED_DEADLINE are defined, along with their
initializers. Hooks for checking if a task belong to the new policy
are also added where they are needed.

Adds a scheduling class, in sched/dl.c and a new policy called
SCHED_DEADLINE. It is an implementation of the Earliest Deadline
First (EDF) scheduling algorithm, augmented with a mechanism (called
Constant Bandwidth Server, CBS) that makes it possible to isolate
the behaviour of tasks between each other.

The typical -deadline task will be made up of a computation phase
(instance) which is activated on a periodic or sporadic fashion. The
expected (maximum) duration of such computation is called the task's
runtime; the time interval by which each instance need to be completed
is called the task's relative deadline. The task's absolute deadline
is dynamically calculated as the time instant a task (better, an
instance) activates plus the relative deadline.

The EDF algorithms selects the task with the smallest absolute
deadline as the one to be executed first, while the CBS ensures each
task to run for at most its runtime every (relative) deadline
length time interval, avoiding any interference between different
tasks (bandwidth isolation).
Thanks to this feature, also tasks that do not strictly comply with
the computational model sketched above can effectively use the new
policy.

To summarize, this patch:
 - introduces the data structures, constants and symbols needed;
 - implements the core logic of the scheduling algorithm in the new
   scheduling class file;
 - provides all the glue code between the new scheduling class and
   the core scheduler and refines the interactions between sched/dl
   and the other existing scheduling classes.

Signed-off-by: Dario Faggioli <raistlin@linux.it>
Signed-off-by: Michael Trimarchi <michael@amarulasolutions.com>
Signed-off-by: Fabio Checconi <fchecconi@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1383831828-15501-4-git-send-email-juri.lelli@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2014-01-13 13:41:06 +01:00

685 lines
19 KiB
C

/*
* Deadline Scheduling Class (SCHED_DEADLINE)
*
* Earliest Deadline First (EDF) + Constant Bandwidth Server (CBS).
*
* Tasks that periodically executes their instances for less than their
* runtime won't miss any of their deadlines.
* Tasks that are not periodic or sporadic or that tries to execute more
* than their reserved bandwidth will be slowed down (and may potentially
* miss some of their deadlines), and won't affect any other task.
*
* Copyright (C) 2012 Dario Faggioli <raistlin@linux.it>,
* Michael Trimarchi <michael@amarulasolutions.com>,
* Fabio Checconi <fchecconi@gmail.com>
*/
#include "sched.h"
static inline int dl_time_before(u64 a, u64 b)
{
return (s64)(a - b) < 0;
}
static inline struct task_struct *dl_task_of(struct sched_dl_entity *dl_se)
{
return container_of(dl_se, struct task_struct, dl);
}
static inline struct rq *rq_of_dl_rq(struct dl_rq *dl_rq)
{
return container_of(dl_rq, struct rq, dl);
}
static inline struct dl_rq *dl_rq_of_se(struct sched_dl_entity *dl_se)
{
struct task_struct *p = dl_task_of(dl_se);
struct rq *rq = task_rq(p);
return &rq->dl;
}
static inline int on_dl_rq(struct sched_dl_entity *dl_se)
{
return !RB_EMPTY_NODE(&dl_se->rb_node);
}
static inline int is_leftmost(struct task_struct *p, struct dl_rq *dl_rq)
{
struct sched_dl_entity *dl_se = &p->dl;
return dl_rq->rb_leftmost == &dl_se->rb_node;
}
void init_dl_rq(struct dl_rq *dl_rq, struct rq *rq)
{
dl_rq->rb_root = RB_ROOT;
}
static void enqueue_task_dl(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, int flags);
static void __dequeue_task_dl(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, int flags);
static void check_preempt_curr_dl(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p,
int flags);
/*
* We are being explicitly informed that a new instance is starting,
* and this means that:
* - the absolute deadline of the entity has to be placed at
* current time + relative deadline;
* - the runtime of the entity has to be set to the maximum value.
*
* The capability of specifying such event is useful whenever a -deadline
* entity wants to (try to!) synchronize its behaviour with the scheduler's
* one, and to (try to!) reconcile itself with its own scheduling
* parameters.
*/
static inline void setup_new_dl_entity(struct sched_dl_entity *dl_se)
{
struct dl_rq *dl_rq = dl_rq_of_se(dl_se);
struct rq *rq = rq_of_dl_rq(dl_rq);
WARN_ON(!dl_se->dl_new || dl_se->dl_throttled);
/*
* We use the regular wall clock time to set deadlines in the
* future; in fact, we must consider execution overheads (time
* spent on hardirq context, etc.).
*/
dl_se->deadline = rq_clock(rq) + dl_se->dl_deadline;
dl_se->runtime = dl_se->dl_runtime;
dl_se->dl_new = 0;
}
/*
* Pure Earliest Deadline First (EDF) scheduling does not deal with the
* possibility of a entity lasting more than what it declared, and thus
* exhausting its runtime.
*
* Here we are interested in making runtime overrun possible, but we do
* not want a entity which is misbehaving to affect the scheduling of all
* other entities.
* Therefore, a budgeting strategy called Constant Bandwidth Server (CBS)
* is used, in order to confine each entity within its own bandwidth.
*
* This function deals exactly with that, and ensures that when the runtime
* of a entity is replenished, its deadline is also postponed. That ensures
* the overrunning entity can't interfere with other entity in the system and
* can't make them miss their deadlines. Reasons why this kind of overruns
* could happen are, typically, a entity voluntarily trying to overcome its
* runtime, or it just underestimated it during sched_setscheduler_ex().
*/
static void replenish_dl_entity(struct sched_dl_entity *dl_se)
{
struct dl_rq *dl_rq = dl_rq_of_se(dl_se);
struct rq *rq = rq_of_dl_rq(dl_rq);
/*
* We keep moving the deadline away until we get some
* available runtime for the entity. This ensures correct
* handling of situations where the runtime overrun is
* arbitrary large.
*/
while (dl_se->runtime <= 0) {
dl_se->deadline += dl_se->dl_deadline;
dl_se->runtime += dl_se->dl_runtime;
}
/*
* At this point, the deadline really should be "in
* the future" with respect to rq->clock. If it's
* not, we are, for some reason, lagging too much!
* Anyway, after having warn userspace abut that,
* we still try to keep the things running by
* resetting the deadline and the budget of the
* entity.
*/
if (dl_time_before(dl_se->deadline, rq_clock(rq))) {
static bool lag_once = false;
if (!lag_once) {
lag_once = true;
printk_sched("sched: DL replenish lagged to much\n");
}
dl_se->deadline = rq_clock(rq) + dl_se->dl_deadline;
dl_se->runtime = dl_se->dl_runtime;
}
}
/*
* Here we check if --at time t-- an entity (which is probably being
* [re]activated or, in general, enqueued) can use its remaining runtime
* and its current deadline _without_ exceeding the bandwidth it is
* assigned (function returns true if it can't). We are in fact applying
* one of the CBS rules: when a task wakes up, if the residual runtime
* over residual deadline fits within the allocated bandwidth, then we
* can keep the current (absolute) deadline and residual budget without
* disrupting the schedulability of the system. Otherwise, we should
* refill the runtime and set the deadline a period in the future,
* because keeping the current (absolute) deadline of the task would
* result in breaking guarantees promised to other tasks.
*
* This function returns true if:
*
* runtime / (deadline - t) > dl_runtime / dl_deadline ,
*
* IOW we can't recycle current parameters.
*/
static bool dl_entity_overflow(struct sched_dl_entity *dl_se, u64 t)
{
u64 left, right;
/*
* left and right are the two sides of the equation above,
* after a bit of shuffling to use multiplications instead
* of divisions.
*
* Note that none of the time values involved in the two
* multiplications are absolute: dl_deadline and dl_runtime
* are the relative deadline and the maximum runtime of each
* instance, runtime is the runtime left for the last instance
* and (deadline - t), since t is rq->clock, is the time left
* to the (absolute) deadline. Even if overflowing the u64 type
* is very unlikely to occur in both cases, here we scale down
* as we want to avoid that risk at all. Scaling down by 10
* means that we reduce granularity to 1us. We are fine with it,
* since this is only a true/false check and, anyway, thinking
* of anything below microseconds resolution is actually fiction
* (but still we want to give the user that illusion >;).
*/
left = (dl_se->dl_deadline >> 10) * (dl_se->runtime >> 10);
right = ((dl_se->deadline - t) >> 10) * (dl_se->dl_runtime >> 10);
return dl_time_before(right, left);
}
/*
* When a -deadline entity is queued back on the runqueue, its runtime and
* deadline might need updating.
*
* The policy here is that we update the deadline of the entity only if:
* - the current deadline is in the past,
* - using the remaining runtime with the current deadline would make
* the entity exceed its bandwidth.
*/
static void update_dl_entity(struct sched_dl_entity *dl_se)
{
struct dl_rq *dl_rq = dl_rq_of_se(dl_se);
struct rq *rq = rq_of_dl_rq(dl_rq);
/*
* The arrival of a new instance needs special treatment, i.e.,
* the actual scheduling parameters have to be "renewed".
*/
if (dl_se->dl_new) {
setup_new_dl_entity(dl_se);
return;
}
if (dl_time_before(dl_se->deadline, rq_clock(rq)) ||
dl_entity_overflow(dl_se, rq_clock(rq))) {
dl_se->deadline = rq_clock(rq) + dl_se->dl_deadline;
dl_se->runtime = dl_se->dl_runtime;
}
}
/*
* If the entity depleted all its runtime, and if we want it to sleep
* while waiting for some new execution time to become available, we
* set the bandwidth enforcement timer to the replenishment instant
* and try to activate it.
*
* Notice that it is important for the caller to know if the timer
* actually started or not (i.e., the replenishment instant is in
* the future or in the past).
*/
static int start_dl_timer(struct sched_dl_entity *dl_se)
{
struct dl_rq *dl_rq = dl_rq_of_se(dl_se);
struct rq *rq = rq_of_dl_rq(dl_rq);
ktime_t now, act;
ktime_t soft, hard;
unsigned long range;
s64 delta;
/*
* We want the timer to fire at the deadline, but considering
* that it is actually coming from rq->clock and not from
* hrtimer's time base reading.
*/
act = ns_to_ktime(dl_se->deadline);
now = hrtimer_cb_get_time(&dl_se->dl_timer);
delta = ktime_to_ns(now) - rq_clock(rq);
act = ktime_add_ns(act, delta);
/*
* If the expiry time already passed, e.g., because the value
* chosen as the deadline is too small, don't even try to
* start the timer in the past!
*/
if (ktime_us_delta(act, now) < 0)
return 0;
hrtimer_set_expires(&dl_se->dl_timer, act);
soft = hrtimer_get_softexpires(&dl_se->dl_timer);
hard = hrtimer_get_expires(&dl_se->dl_timer);
range = ktime_to_ns(ktime_sub(hard, soft));
__hrtimer_start_range_ns(&dl_se->dl_timer, soft,
range, HRTIMER_MODE_ABS, 0);
return hrtimer_active(&dl_se->dl_timer);
}
/*
* This is the bandwidth enforcement timer callback. If here, we know
* a task is not on its dl_rq, since the fact that the timer was running
* means the task is throttled and needs a runtime replenishment.
*
* However, what we actually do depends on the fact the task is active,
* (it is on its rq) or has been removed from there by a call to
* dequeue_task_dl(). In the former case we must issue the runtime
* replenishment and add the task back to the dl_rq; in the latter, we just
* do nothing but clearing dl_throttled, so that runtime and deadline
* updating (and the queueing back to dl_rq) will be done by the
* next call to enqueue_task_dl().
*/
static enum hrtimer_restart dl_task_timer(struct hrtimer *timer)
{
struct sched_dl_entity *dl_se = container_of(timer,
struct sched_dl_entity,
dl_timer);
struct task_struct *p = dl_task_of(dl_se);
struct rq *rq = task_rq(p);
raw_spin_lock(&rq->lock);
/*
* We need to take care of a possible races here. In fact, the
* task might have changed its scheduling policy to something
* different from SCHED_DEADLINE or changed its reservation
* parameters (through sched_setscheduler()).
*/
if (!dl_task(p) || dl_se->dl_new)
goto unlock;
sched_clock_tick();
update_rq_clock(rq);
dl_se->dl_throttled = 0;
if (p->on_rq) {
enqueue_task_dl(rq, p, ENQUEUE_REPLENISH);
if (task_has_dl_policy(rq->curr))
check_preempt_curr_dl(rq, p, 0);
else
resched_task(rq->curr);
}
unlock:
raw_spin_unlock(&rq->lock);
return HRTIMER_NORESTART;
}
void init_dl_task_timer(struct sched_dl_entity *dl_se)
{
struct hrtimer *timer = &dl_se->dl_timer;
if (hrtimer_active(timer)) {
hrtimer_try_to_cancel(timer);
return;
}
hrtimer_init(timer, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, HRTIMER_MODE_REL);
timer->function = dl_task_timer;
}
static
int dl_runtime_exceeded(struct rq *rq, struct sched_dl_entity *dl_se)
{
int dmiss = dl_time_before(dl_se->deadline, rq_clock(rq));
int rorun = dl_se->runtime <= 0;
if (!rorun && !dmiss)
return 0;
/*
* If we are beyond our current deadline and we are still
* executing, then we have already used some of the runtime of
* the next instance. Thus, if we do not account that, we are
* stealing bandwidth from the system at each deadline miss!
*/
if (dmiss) {
dl_se->runtime = rorun ? dl_se->runtime : 0;
dl_se->runtime -= rq_clock(rq) - dl_se->deadline;
}
return 1;
}
/*
* Update the current task's runtime statistics (provided it is still
* a -deadline task and has not been removed from the dl_rq).
*/
static void update_curr_dl(struct rq *rq)
{
struct task_struct *curr = rq->curr;
struct sched_dl_entity *dl_se = &curr->dl;
u64 delta_exec;
if (!dl_task(curr) || !on_dl_rq(dl_se))
return;
/*
* Consumed budget is computed considering the time as
* observed by schedulable tasks (excluding time spent
* in hardirq context, etc.). Deadlines are instead
* computed using hard walltime. This seems to be the more
* natural solution, but the full ramifications of this
* approach need further study.
*/
delta_exec = rq_clock_task(rq) - curr->se.exec_start;
if (unlikely((s64)delta_exec < 0))
delta_exec = 0;
schedstat_set(curr->se.statistics.exec_max,
max(curr->se.statistics.exec_max, delta_exec));
curr->se.sum_exec_runtime += delta_exec;
account_group_exec_runtime(curr, delta_exec);
curr->se.exec_start = rq_clock_task(rq);
cpuacct_charge(curr, delta_exec);
dl_se->runtime -= delta_exec;
if (dl_runtime_exceeded(rq, dl_se)) {
__dequeue_task_dl(rq, curr, 0);
if (likely(start_dl_timer(dl_se)))
dl_se->dl_throttled = 1;
else
enqueue_task_dl(rq, curr, ENQUEUE_REPLENISH);
if (!is_leftmost(curr, &rq->dl))
resched_task(curr);
}
}
static void __enqueue_dl_entity(struct sched_dl_entity *dl_se)
{
struct dl_rq *dl_rq = dl_rq_of_se(dl_se);
struct rb_node **link = &dl_rq->rb_root.rb_node;
struct rb_node *parent = NULL;
struct sched_dl_entity *entry;
int leftmost = 1;
BUG_ON(!RB_EMPTY_NODE(&dl_se->rb_node));
while (*link) {
parent = *link;
entry = rb_entry(parent, struct sched_dl_entity, rb_node);
if (dl_time_before(dl_se->deadline, entry->deadline))
link = &parent->rb_left;
else {
link = &parent->rb_right;
leftmost = 0;
}
}
if (leftmost)
dl_rq->rb_leftmost = &dl_se->rb_node;
rb_link_node(&dl_se->rb_node, parent, link);
rb_insert_color(&dl_se->rb_node, &dl_rq->rb_root);
dl_rq->dl_nr_running++;
}
static void __dequeue_dl_entity(struct sched_dl_entity *dl_se)
{
struct dl_rq *dl_rq = dl_rq_of_se(dl_se);
if (RB_EMPTY_NODE(&dl_se->rb_node))
return;
if (dl_rq->rb_leftmost == &dl_se->rb_node) {
struct rb_node *next_node;
next_node = rb_next(&dl_se->rb_node);
dl_rq->rb_leftmost = next_node;
}
rb_erase(&dl_se->rb_node, &dl_rq->rb_root);
RB_CLEAR_NODE(&dl_se->rb_node);
dl_rq->dl_nr_running--;
}
static void
enqueue_dl_entity(struct sched_dl_entity *dl_se, int flags)
{
BUG_ON(on_dl_rq(dl_se));
/*
* If this is a wakeup or a new instance, the scheduling
* parameters of the task might need updating. Otherwise,
* we want a replenishment of its runtime.
*/
if (!dl_se->dl_new && flags & ENQUEUE_REPLENISH)
replenish_dl_entity(dl_se);
else
update_dl_entity(dl_se);
__enqueue_dl_entity(dl_se);
}
static void dequeue_dl_entity(struct sched_dl_entity *dl_se)
{
__dequeue_dl_entity(dl_se);
}
static void enqueue_task_dl(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, int flags)
{
/*
* If p is throttled, we do nothing. In fact, if it exhausted
* its budget it needs a replenishment and, since it now is on
* its rq, the bandwidth timer callback (which clearly has not
* run yet) will take care of this.
*/
if (p->dl.dl_throttled)
return;
enqueue_dl_entity(&p->dl, flags);
inc_nr_running(rq);
}
static void __dequeue_task_dl(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, int flags)
{
dequeue_dl_entity(&p->dl);
}
static void dequeue_task_dl(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, int flags)
{
update_curr_dl(rq);
__dequeue_task_dl(rq, p, flags);
dec_nr_running(rq);
}
/*
* Yield task semantic for -deadline tasks is:
*
* get off from the CPU until our next instance, with
* a new runtime. This is of little use now, since we
* don't have a bandwidth reclaiming mechanism. Anyway,
* bandwidth reclaiming is planned for the future, and
* yield_task_dl will indicate that some spare budget
* is available for other task instances to use it.
*/
static void yield_task_dl(struct rq *rq)
{
struct task_struct *p = rq->curr;
/*
* We make the task go to sleep until its current deadline by
* forcing its runtime to zero. This way, update_curr_dl() stops
* it and the bandwidth timer will wake it up and will give it
* new scheduling parameters (thanks to dl_new=1).
*/
if (p->dl.runtime > 0) {
rq->curr->dl.dl_new = 1;
p->dl.runtime = 0;
}
update_curr_dl(rq);
}
/*
* Only called when both the current and waking task are -deadline
* tasks.
*/
static void check_preempt_curr_dl(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p,
int flags)
{
if (dl_time_before(p->dl.deadline, rq->curr->dl.deadline))
resched_task(rq->curr);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_HRTICK
static void start_hrtick_dl(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p)
{
s64 delta = p->dl.dl_runtime - p->dl.runtime;
if (delta > 10000)
hrtick_start(rq, p->dl.runtime);
}
#endif
static struct sched_dl_entity *pick_next_dl_entity(struct rq *rq,
struct dl_rq *dl_rq)
{
struct rb_node *left = dl_rq->rb_leftmost;
if (!left)
return NULL;
return rb_entry(left, struct sched_dl_entity, rb_node);
}
struct task_struct *pick_next_task_dl(struct rq *rq)
{
struct sched_dl_entity *dl_se;
struct task_struct *p;
struct dl_rq *dl_rq;
dl_rq = &rq->dl;
if (unlikely(!dl_rq->dl_nr_running))
return NULL;
dl_se = pick_next_dl_entity(rq, dl_rq);
BUG_ON(!dl_se);
p = dl_task_of(dl_se);
p->se.exec_start = rq_clock_task(rq);
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_HRTICK
if (hrtick_enabled(rq))
start_hrtick_dl(rq, p);
#endif
return p;
}
static void put_prev_task_dl(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p)
{
update_curr_dl(rq);
}
static void task_tick_dl(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, int queued)
{
update_curr_dl(rq);
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_HRTICK
if (hrtick_enabled(rq) && queued && p->dl.runtime > 0)
start_hrtick_dl(rq, p);
#endif
}
static void task_fork_dl(struct task_struct *p)
{
/*
* SCHED_DEADLINE tasks cannot fork and this is achieved through
* sched_fork()
*/
}
static void task_dead_dl(struct task_struct *p)
{
struct hrtimer *timer = &p->dl.dl_timer;
if (hrtimer_active(timer))
hrtimer_try_to_cancel(timer);
}
static void set_curr_task_dl(struct rq *rq)
{
struct task_struct *p = rq->curr;
p->se.exec_start = rq_clock_task(rq);
}
static void switched_from_dl(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p)
{
if (hrtimer_active(&p->dl.dl_timer))
hrtimer_try_to_cancel(&p->dl.dl_timer);
}
static void switched_to_dl(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p)
{
/*
* If p is throttled, don't consider the possibility
* of preempting rq->curr, the check will be done right
* after its runtime will get replenished.
*/
if (unlikely(p->dl.dl_throttled))
return;
if (p->on_rq || rq->curr != p) {
if (task_has_dl_policy(rq->curr))
check_preempt_curr_dl(rq, p, 0);
else
resched_task(rq->curr);
}
}
static void prio_changed_dl(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p,
int oldprio)
{
switched_to_dl(rq, p);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
static int
select_task_rq_dl(struct task_struct *p, int prev_cpu, int sd_flag, int flags)
{
return task_cpu(p);
}
#endif
const struct sched_class dl_sched_class = {
.next = &rt_sched_class,
.enqueue_task = enqueue_task_dl,
.dequeue_task = dequeue_task_dl,
.yield_task = yield_task_dl,
.check_preempt_curr = check_preempt_curr_dl,
.pick_next_task = pick_next_task_dl,
.put_prev_task = put_prev_task_dl,
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
.select_task_rq = select_task_rq_dl,
#endif
.set_curr_task = set_curr_task_dl,
.task_tick = task_tick_dl,
.task_fork = task_fork_dl,
.task_dead = task_dead_dl,
.prio_changed = prio_changed_dl,
.switched_from = switched_from_dl,
.switched_to = switched_to_dl,
};