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With the previous patches, there is no more limitation at modifying the targets created at boot time (or module load time). Document the way on how to create the configfs directories to be able to modify these netconsole targets. The design discussion about this topic could be found at: https://lore.kernel.org/all/ZRWRal5bW93px4km@gmail.com/ Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231012111401.333798-5-leitao@debian.org Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
265 lines
8.9 KiB
ReStructuredText
265 lines
8.9 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
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==========
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Netconsole
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==========
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started by Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>, 2001.09.17
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2.6 port and netpoll api by Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>, Sep 9 2003
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IPv6 support by Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>, Jan 1 2013
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Extended console support by Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>, May 1 2015
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Release prepend support by Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>, Jul 7 2023
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Please send bug reports to Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
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Satyam Sharma <satyam.sharma@gmail.com>, and Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
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Introduction:
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=============
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This module logs kernel printk messages over UDP allowing debugging of
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problem where disk logging fails and serial consoles are impractical.
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It can be used either built-in or as a module. As a built-in,
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netconsole initializes immediately after NIC cards and will bring up
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the specified interface as soon as possible. While this doesn't allow
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capture of early kernel panics, it does capture most of the boot
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process.
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Sender and receiver configuration:
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==================================
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It takes a string configuration parameter "netconsole" in the
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following format::
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netconsole=[+][r][src-port]@[src-ip]/[<dev>],[tgt-port]@<tgt-ip>/[tgt-macaddr]
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where
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+ if present, enable extended console support
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r if present, prepend kernel version (release) to the message
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src-port source for UDP packets (defaults to 6665)
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src-ip source IP to use (interface address)
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dev network interface (eth0)
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tgt-port port for logging agent (6666)
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tgt-ip IP address for logging agent
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tgt-macaddr ethernet MAC address for logging agent (broadcast)
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Examples::
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linux netconsole=4444@10.0.0.1/eth1,9353@10.0.0.2/12:34:56:78:9a:bc
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or::
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insmod netconsole netconsole=@/,@10.0.0.2/
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or using IPv6::
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insmod netconsole netconsole=@/,@fd00:1:2:3::1/
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It also supports logging to multiple remote agents by specifying
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parameters for the multiple agents separated by semicolons and the
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complete string enclosed in "quotes", thusly::
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modprobe netconsole netconsole="@/,@10.0.0.2/;@/eth1,6892@10.0.0.3/"
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Built-in netconsole starts immediately after the TCP stack is
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initialized and attempts to bring up the supplied dev at the supplied
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address.
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The remote host has several options to receive the kernel messages,
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for example:
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1) syslogd
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2) netcat
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On distributions using a BSD-based netcat version (e.g. Fedora,
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openSUSE and Ubuntu) the listening port must be specified without
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the -p switch::
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nc -u -l -p <port>' / 'nc -u -l <port>
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or::
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netcat -u -l -p <port>' / 'netcat -u -l <port>
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3) socat
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::
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socat udp-recv:<port> -
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Dynamic reconfiguration:
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========================
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Dynamic reconfigurability is a useful addition to netconsole that enables
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remote logging targets to be dynamically added, removed, or have their
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parameters reconfigured at runtime from a configfs-based userspace interface.
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To include this feature, select CONFIG_NETCONSOLE_DYNAMIC when building the
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netconsole module (or kernel, if netconsole is built-in).
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Some examples follow (where configfs is mounted at the /sys/kernel/config
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mountpoint).
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To add a remote logging target (target names can be arbitrary)::
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cd /sys/kernel/config/netconsole/
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mkdir target1
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Note that newly created targets have default parameter values (as mentioned
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above) and are disabled by default -- they must first be enabled by writing
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"1" to the "enabled" attribute (usually after setting parameters accordingly)
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as described below.
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To remove a target::
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rmdir /sys/kernel/config/netconsole/othertarget/
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The interface exposes these parameters of a netconsole target to userspace:
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============== ================================= ============
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enabled Is this target currently enabled? (read-write)
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extended Extended mode enabled (read-write)
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release Prepend kernel release to message (read-write)
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dev_name Local network interface name (read-write)
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local_port Source UDP port to use (read-write)
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remote_port Remote agent's UDP port (read-write)
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local_ip Source IP address to use (read-write)
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remote_ip Remote agent's IP address (read-write)
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local_mac Local interface's MAC address (read-only)
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remote_mac Remote agent's MAC address (read-write)
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============== ================================= ============
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The "enabled" attribute is also used to control whether the parameters of
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a target can be updated or not -- you can modify the parameters of only
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disabled targets (i.e. if "enabled" is 0).
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To update a target's parameters::
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cat enabled # check if enabled is 1
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echo 0 > enabled # disable the target (if required)
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echo eth2 > dev_name # set local interface
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echo 10.0.0.4 > remote_ip # update some parameter
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echo cb:a9:87:65:43:21 > remote_mac # update more parameters
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echo 1 > enabled # enable target again
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You can also update the local interface dynamically. This is especially
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useful if you want to use interfaces that have newly come up (and may not
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have existed when netconsole was loaded / initialized).
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Netconsole targets defined at boot time (or module load time) with the
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`netconsole=` param are assigned the name `cmdline<index>`. For example, the
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first target in the parameter is named `cmdline0`. You can control and modify
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these targets by creating configfs directories with the matching name.
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Let's suppose you have two netconsole targets defined at boot time::
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netconsole=4444@10.0.0.1/eth1,9353@10.0.0.2/12:34:56:78:9a:bc;4444@10.0.0.1/eth1,9353@10.0.0.3/12:34:56:78:9a:bc
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You can modify these targets in runtime by creating the following targets::
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mkdir cmdline0
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cat cmdline0/remote_ip
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10.0.0.2
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mkdir cmdline1
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cat cmdline1/remote_ip
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10.0.0.3
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Extended console:
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=================
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If '+' is prefixed to the configuration line or "extended" config file
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is set to 1, extended console support is enabled. An example boot
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param follows::
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linux netconsole=+4444@10.0.0.1/eth1,9353@10.0.0.2/12:34:56:78:9a:bc
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Log messages are transmitted with extended metadata header in the
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following format which is the same as /dev/kmsg::
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<level>,<sequnum>,<timestamp>,<contflag>;<message text>
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If 'r' (release) feature is enabled, the kernel release version is
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prepended to the start of the message. Example::
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6.4.0,6,444,501151268,-;netconsole: network logging started
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Non printable characters in <message text> are escaped using "\xff"
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notation. If the message contains optional dictionary, verbatim
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newline is used as the delimiter.
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If a message doesn't fit in certain number of bytes (currently 1000),
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the message is split into multiple fragments by netconsole. These
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fragments are transmitted with "ncfrag" header field added::
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ncfrag=<byte-offset>/<total-bytes>
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For example, assuming a lot smaller chunk size, a message "the first
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chunk, the 2nd chunk." may be split as follows::
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6,416,1758426,-,ncfrag=0/31;the first chunk,
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6,416,1758426,-,ncfrag=16/31; the 2nd chunk.
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Miscellaneous notes:
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====================
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.. Warning::
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the default target ethernet setting uses the broadcast
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ethernet address to send packets, which can cause increased load on
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other systems on the same ethernet segment.
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.. Tip::
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some LAN switches may be configured to suppress ethernet broadcasts
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so it is advised to explicitly specify the remote agents' MAC addresses
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from the config parameters passed to netconsole.
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.. Tip::
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to find out the MAC address of, say, 10.0.0.2, you may try using::
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ping -c 1 10.0.0.2 ; /sbin/arp -n | grep 10.0.0.2
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.. Tip::
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in case the remote logging agent is on a separate LAN subnet than
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the sender, it is suggested to try specifying the MAC address of the
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default gateway (you may use /sbin/route -n to find it out) as the
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remote MAC address instead.
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.. note::
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the network device (eth1 in the above case) can run any kind
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of other network traffic, netconsole is not intrusive. Netconsole
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might cause slight delays in other traffic if the volume of kernel
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messages is high, but should have no other impact.
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.. note::
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if you find that the remote logging agent is not receiving or
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printing all messages from the sender, it is likely that you have set
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the "console_loglevel" parameter (on the sender) to only send high
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priority messages to the console. You can change this at runtime using::
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dmesg -n 8
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or by specifying "debug" on the kernel command line at boot, to send
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all kernel messages to the console. A specific value for this parameter
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can also be set using the "loglevel" kernel boot option. See the
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dmesg(8) man page and Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst
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for details.
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Netconsole was designed to be as instantaneous as possible, to
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enable the logging of even the most critical kernel bugs. It works
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from IRQ contexts as well, and does not enable interrupts while
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sending packets. Due to these unique needs, configuration cannot
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be more automatic, and some fundamental limitations will remain:
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only IP networks, UDP packets and ethernet devices are supported.
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