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VMWRITEs to the major VMCS controls, pin controls included, are deceptively expensive. CPUs with VMCS caching (Westmere and later) also optimize away consistency checks on VM-Entry, i.e. skip consistency checks if the relevant fields have not changed since the last successful VM-Entry (of the cached VMCS). Because uops are a precious commodity, uCode's dirty VMCS field tracking isn't as precise as software would prefer. Notably, writing any of the major VMCS fields effectively marks the entire VMCS dirty, i.e. causes the next VM-Entry to perform all consistency checks, which consumes several hundred cycles. As it pertains to KVM, toggling PIN_BASED_VMX_PREEMPTION_TIMER more than doubles the latency of the next VM-Entry (and again when/if the flag is toggled back). In a non-nested scenario, running a "standard" guest with the preemption timer enabled, toggling the timer flag is uncommon but not rare, e.g. roughly 1 in 10 entries. Disabling the preemption timer can change these numbers due to its use for "immediate exits", even when explicitly disabled by userspace. Nested virtualization in particular is painful, as the timer flag is set for the majority of VM-Enters, but prepare_vmcs02() initializes vmcs02's pin controls to *clear* the flag since its the timer's final state isn't known until vmx_vcpu_run(). I.e. the majority of nested VM-Enters end up unnecessarily writing pin controls *twice*. Rather than toggle the timer flag in pin controls, set the timer value itself to the largest allowed value to put it into a "soft disabled" state, and ignore any spurious preemption timer exits. Sadly, the timer is a 32-bit value and so theoretically it can fire before the head death of the universe, i.e. spurious exits are possible. But because KVM does *not* save the timer value on VM-Exit and because the timer runs at a slower rate than the TSC, the maximuma timer value is still sufficiently large for KVM's purposes. E.g. on a modern CPU with a timer that runs at 1/32 the frequency of a 2.4ghz constant-rate TSC, the timer will fire after ~55 seconds of *uninterrupted* guest execution. In other words, spurious VM-Exits are effectively only possible if the host is completely tickless on the logical CPU, the guest is not using the preemption timer, and the guest is not generating VM-Exits for any other reason. To be safe from bad/weird hardware, disable the preemption timer if its maximum delay is less than ten seconds. Ten seconds is mostly arbitrary and was selected in no small part because it's a nice round number. For simplicity and paranoia, fall back to __kvm_request_immediate_exit() if the preemption timer is disabled by KVM or userspace. Previously KVM continued to use the preemption timer to force immediate exits even when the timer was disabled by userspace. Now that KVM leaves the timer running instead of truly disabling it, allow userspace to kill it entirely in the unlikely event the timer (or KVM) malfunctions. Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> |
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| block | ||
| certs | ||
| crypto | ||
| Documentation | ||
| drivers | ||
| fs | ||
| include | ||
| init | ||
| ipc | ||
| kernel | ||
| lib | ||
| LICENSES | ||
| mm | ||
| net | ||
| samples | ||
| scripts | ||
| security | ||
| sound | ||
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| usr | ||
| virt | ||
| .clang-format | ||
| .cocciconfig | ||
| .get_maintainer.ignore | ||
| .gitattributes | ||
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| COPYING | ||
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| Makefile | ||
| README | ||
Linux kernel
============
There are several guides for kernel developers and users. These guides can
be rendered in a number of formats, like HTML and PDF. Please read
Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst first.
In order to build the documentation, use ``make htmldocs`` or
``make pdfdocs``. The formatted documentation can also be read online at:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/
There are various text files in the Documentation/ subdirectory,
several of them using the Restructured Text markup notation.
Please read the Documentation/process/changes.rst file, as it contains the
requirements for building and running the kernel, and information about
the problems which may result by upgrading your kernel.