linux/fs/xfs/scrub/refcount.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
/*
 * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
 * Author: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
 */
#include "xfs.h"
#include "xfs_fs.h"
#include "xfs_shared.h"
#include "xfs_format.h"
#include "xfs_trans_resv.h"
#include "xfs_mount.h"
#include "xfs_ag.h"
#include "xfs_btree.h"
#include "xfs_rmap.h"
#include "xfs_refcount.h"
#include "scrub/scrub.h"
#include "scrub/common.h"
#include "scrub/btree.h"
#include "scrub/trace.h"

/*
 * Set us up to scrub reference count btrees.
 */
int
xchk_setup_ag_refcountbt(
	struct xfs_scrub	*sc)
{
	if (xchk_need_intent_drain(sc))
		xchk_fsgates_enable(sc, XCHK_FSGATES_DRAIN);
	return xchk_setup_ag_btree(sc, false);
}

/* Reference count btree scrubber. */

/*
 * Confirming Reference Counts via Reverse Mappings
 *
 * We want to count the reverse mappings overlapping a refcount record
 * (bno, len, refcount), allowing for the possibility that some of the
 * overlap may come from smaller adjoining reverse mappings, while some
 * comes from single extents which overlap the range entirely.  The
 * outer loop is as follows:
 *
 * 1. For all reverse mappings overlapping the refcount extent,
 *    a. If a given rmap completely overlaps, mark it as seen.
 *    b. Otherwise, record the fragment (in agbno order) for later
 *       processing.
 *
 * Once we've seen all the rmaps, we know that for all blocks in the
 * refcount record we want to find $refcount owners and we've already
 * visited $seen extents that overlap all the blocks.  Therefore, we
 * need to find ($refcount - $seen) owners for every block in the
 * extent; call that quantity $target_nr.  Proceed as follows:
 *
 * 2. Pull the first $target_nr fragments from the list; all of them
 *    should start at or before the start of the extent.
 *    Call this subset of fragments the working set.
 * 3. Until there are no more unprocessed fragments,
 *    a. Find the shortest fragments in the set and remove them.
 *    b. Note the block number of the end of these fragments.
 *    c. Pull the same number of fragments from the list.  All of these
 *       fragments should start at the block number recorded in the
 *       previous step.
 *    d. Put those fragments in the set.
 * 4. Check that there are $target_nr fragments remaining in the list,
 *    and that they all end at or beyond the end of the refcount extent.
 *
 * If the refcount is correct, all the check conditions in the algorithm
 * should always hold true.  If not, the refcount is incorrect.
 */
struct xchk_refcnt_frag {
	struct list_head	list;
	struct xfs_rmap_irec	rm;
};

struct xchk_refcnt_check {
	struct xfs_scrub	*sc;
	struct list_head	fragments;

	/* refcount extent we're examining */
	xfs_agblock_t		bno;
	xfs_extlen_t		len;
	xfs_nlink_t		refcount;

	/* number of owners seen */
	xfs_nlink_t		seen;
};

/*
 * Decide if the given rmap is large enough that we can redeem it
 * towards refcount verification now, or if it's a fragment, in
 * which case we'll hang onto it in the hopes that we'll later
 * discover that we've collected exactly the correct number of
 * fragments as the refcountbt says we should have.
 */
STATIC int
xchk_refcountbt_rmap_check(
	struct xfs_btree_cur		*cur,
	const struct xfs_rmap_irec	*rec,
	void				*priv)
{
	struct xchk_refcnt_check	*refchk = priv;
	struct xchk_refcnt_frag		*frag;
	xfs_agblock_t			rm_last;
	xfs_agblock_t			rc_last;
	int				error = 0;

	if (xchk_should_terminate(refchk->sc, &error))
		return error;

	rm_last = rec->rm_startblock + rec->rm_blockcount - 1;
	rc_last = refchk->bno + refchk->len - 1;

	/* Confirm that a single-owner refc extent is a CoW stage. */
	if (refchk->refcount == 1 && rec->rm_owner != XFS_RMAP_OWN_COW) {
		xchk_btree_xref_set_corrupt(refchk->sc, cur, 0);
		return 0;
	}

	if (rec->rm_startblock <= refchk->bno && rm_last >= rc_last) {
		/*
		 * The rmap overlaps the refcount record, so we can confirm
		 * one refcount owner seen.
		 */
		refchk->seen++;
	} else {
		/*
		 * This rmap covers only part of the refcount record, so
		 * save the fragment for later processing.  If the rmapbt
		 * is healthy each rmap_irec we see will be in agbno order
		 * so we don't need insertion sort here.
		 */
		frag = kmalloc(sizeof(struct xchk_refcnt_frag),
				XCHK_GFP_FLAGS);
		if (!frag)
			return -ENOMEM;
		memcpy(&frag->rm, rec, sizeof(frag->rm));
		list_add_tail(&frag->list, &refchk->fragments);
	}

	return 0;
}

/*
 * Given a bunch of rmap fragments, iterate through them, keeping
 * a running tally of the refcount.  If this ever deviates from
 * what we expect (which is the refcountbt's refcount minus the
 * number of extents that totally covered the refcountbt extent),
 * we have a refcountbt error.
 */
STATIC void
xchk_refcountbt_process_rmap_fragments(
	struct xchk_refcnt_check	*refchk)
{
	struct list_head		worklist;
	struct xchk_refcnt_frag		*frag;
	struct xchk_refcnt_frag		*n;
	xfs_agblock_t			bno;
	xfs_agblock_t			rbno;
	xfs_agblock_t			next_rbno;
	xfs_nlink_t			nr;
	xfs_nlink_t			target_nr;

	target_nr = refchk->refcount - refchk->seen;
	if (target_nr == 0)
		return;

	/*
	 * There are (refchk->rc.rc_refcount - refchk->nr refcount)
	 * references we haven't found yet.  Pull that many off the
	 * fragment list and figure out where the smallest rmap ends
	 * (and therefore the next rmap should start).  All the rmaps
	 * we pull off should start at or before the beginning of the
	 * refcount record's range.
	 */
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&worklist);
	rbno = NULLAGBLOCK;

	/* Make sure the fragments actually /are/ in agbno order. */
	bno = 0;
	list_for_each_entry(frag, &refchk->fragments, list) {
		if (frag->rm.rm_startblock < bno)
			goto done;
		bno = frag->rm.rm_startblock;
	}

	/*
	 * Find all the rmaps that start at or before the refc extent,
	 * and put them on the worklist.
	 */
	nr = 0;
	list_for_each_entry_safe(frag, n, &refchk->fragments, list) {
		if (frag->rm.rm_startblock > refchk->bno || nr > target_nr)
			break;
		bno = frag->rm.rm_startblock + frag->rm.rm_blockcount;
		if (bno < rbno)
			rbno = bno;
		list_move_tail(&frag->list, &worklist);
		nr++;
	}

	/*
	 * We should have found exactly $target_nr rmap fragments starting
	 * at or before the refcount extent.
	 */
	if (nr != target_nr)
		goto done;

	while (!list_empty(&refchk->fragments)) {
		/* Discard any fragments ending at rbno from the worklist. */
		nr = 0;
		next_rbno = NULLAGBLOCK;
		list_for_each_entry_safe(frag, n, &worklist, list) {
			bno = frag->rm.rm_startblock + frag->rm.rm_blockcount;
			if (bno != rbno) {
				if (bno < next_rbno)
					next_rbno = bno;
				continue;
			}
			list_del(&frag->list);
			kfree(frag);
			nr++;
		}

		/* Try to add nr rmaps starting at rbno to the worklist. */
		list_for_each_entry_safe(frag, n, &refchk->fragments, list) {
			bno = frag->rm.rm_startblock + frag->rm.rm_blockcount;
			if (frag->rm.rm_startblock != rbno)
				goto done;
			list_move_tail(&frag->list, &worklist);
			if (next_rbno > bno)
				next_rbno = bno;
			nr--;
			if (nr == 0)
				break;
		}

		/*
		 * If we get here and nr > 0, this means that we added fewer
		 * items to the worklist than we discarded because the fragment
		 * list ran out of items.  Therefore, we cannot maintain the
		 * required refcount.  Something is wrong, so we're done.
		 */
		if (nr)
			goto done;

		rbno = next_rbno;
	}

	/*
	 * Make sure the last extent we processed ends at or beyond
	 * the end of the refcount extent.
	 */
	if (rbno < refchk->bno + refchk->len)
		goto done;

	/* Actually record us having seen the remaining refcount. */
	refchk->seen = refchk->refcount;
done:
	/* Delete fragments and work list. */
	list_for_each_entry_safe(frag, n, &worklist, list) {
		list_del(&frag->list);
		kfree(frag);
	}
	list_for_each_entry_safe(frag, n, &refchk->fragments, list) {
		list_del(&frag->list);
		kfree(frag);
	}
}

/* Use the rmap entries covering this extent to verify the refcount. */
STATIC void
xchk_refcountbt_xref_rmap(
	struct xfs_scrub		*sc,
	const struct xfs_refcount_irec	*irec)
{
	struct xchk_refcnt_check	refchk = {
		.sc			= sc,
		.bno			= irec->rc_startblock,
		.len			= irec->rc_blockcount,
		.refcount		= irec->rc_refcount,
		.seen = 0,
	};
	struct xfs_rmap_irec		low;
	struct xfs_rmap_irec		high;
	struct xchk_refcnt_frag		*frag;
	struct xchk_refcnt_frag		*n;
	int				error;

	if (!sc->sa.rmap_cur || xchk_skip_xref(sc->sm))
		return;

	/* Cross-reference with the rmapbt to confirm the refcount. */
	memset(&low, 0, sizeof(low));
	low.rm_startblock = irec->rc_startblock;
	memset(&high, 0xFF, sizeof(high));
	high.rm_startblock = irec->rc_startblock + irec->rc_blockcount - 1;

	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&refchk.fragments);
	error = xfs_rmap_query_range(sc->sa.rmap_cur, &low, &high,
			&xchk_refcountbt_rmap_check, &refchk);
	if (!xchk_should_check_xref(sc, &error, &sc->sa.rmap_cur))
		goto out_free;

	xchk_refcountbt_process_rmap_fragments(&refchk);
	if (irec->rc_refcount != refchk.seen) {
		trace_xchk_refcount_incorrect(sc->sa.pag, irec, refchk.seen);
		xchk_btree_xref_set_corrupt(sc, sc->sa.rmap_cur, 0);
	}

out_free:
	list_for_each_entry_safe(frag, n, &refchk.fragments, list) {
		list_del(&frag->list);
		kfree(frag);
	}
}

/* Cross-reference with the other btrees. */
STATIC void
xchk_refcountbt_xref(
	struct xfs_scrub		*sc,
	const struct xfs_refcount_irec	*irec)
{
	if (sc->sm->sm_flags & XFS_SCRUB_OFLAG_CORRUPT)
		return;

	xchk_xref_is_used_space(sc, irec->rc_startblock, irec->rc_blockcount);
	xchk_xref_is_not_inode_chunk(sc, irec->rc_startblock,
			irec->rc_blockcount);
	xchk_refcountbt_xref_rmap(sc, irec);
}

struct xchk_refcbt_records {
	/* Previous refcount record. */
	struct xfs_refcount_irec prev_rec;

	/* The next AG block where we aren't expecting shared extents. */
	xfs_agblock_t		next_unshared_agbno;

	/* Number of CoW blocks we expect. */
	xfs_agblock_t		cow_blocks;

	/* Was the last record a shared or CoW staging extent? */
	enum xfs_refc_domain	prev_domain;
};

STATIC int
xchk_refcountbt_rmap_check_gap(
	struct xfs_btree_cur		*cur,
	const struct xfs_rmap_irec	*rec,
	void				*priv)
{
	xfs_agblock_t			*next_bno = priv;

	if (*next_bno != NULLAGBLOCK && rec->rm_startblock < *next_bno)
		return -ECANCELED;

	*next_bno = rec->rm_startblock + rec->rm_blockcount;
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Make sure that a gap in the reference count records does not correspond to
 * overlapping records (i.e. shared extents) in the reverse mappings.
 */
static inline void
xchk_refcountbt_xref_gaps(
	struct xfs_scrub	*sc,
	struct xchk_refcbt_records *rrc,
	xfs_agblock_t		bno)
{
	struct xfs_rmap_irec	low;
	struct xfs_rmap_irec	high;
	xfs_agblock_t		next_bno = NULLAGBLOCK;
	int			error;

	if (bno <= rrc->next_unshared_agbno || !sc->sa.rmap_cur ||
            xchk_skip_xref(sc->sm))
		return;

	memset(&low, 0, sizeof(low));
	low.rm_startblock = rrc->next_unshared_agbno;
	memset(&high, 0xFF, sizeof(high));
	high.rm_startblock = bno - 1;

	error = xfs_rmap_query_range(sc->sa.rmap_cur, &low, &high,
			xchk_refcountbt_rmap_check_gap, &next_bno);
	if (error == -ECANCELED)
		xchk_btree_xref_set_corrupt(sc, sc->sa.rmap_cur, 0);
	else
		xchk_should_check_xref(sc, &error, &sc->sa.rmap_cur);
}

static inline bool
xchk_refcount_mergeable(
	struct xchk_refcbt_records	*rrc,
	const struct xfs_refcount_irec	*r2)
{
	const struct xfs_refcount_irec	*r1 = &rrc->prev_rec;

	/* Ignore if prev_rec is not yet initialized. */
	if (r1->rc_blockcount > 0)
		return false;

	if (r1->rc_domain != r2->rc_domain)
		return false;
	if (r1->rc_startblock + r1->rc_blockcount != r2->rc_startblock)
		return false;
	if (r1->rc_refcount != r2->rc_refcount)
		return false;
	if ((unsigned long long)r1->rc_blockcount + r2->rc_blockcount >
			MAXREFCEXTLEN)
		return false;

	return true;
}

/* Flag failures for records that could be merged. */
STATIC void
xchk_refcountbt_check_mergeable(
	struct xchk_btree		*bs,
	struct xchk_refcbt_records	*rrc,
	const struct xfs_refcount_irec	*irec)
{
	if (bs->sc->sm->sm_flags & XFS_SCRUB_OFLAG_CORRUPT)
		return;

	if (xchk_refcount_mergeable(rrc, irec))
		xchk_btree_set_corrupt(bs->sc, bs->cur, 0);

	memcpy(&rrc->prev_rec, irec, sizeof(struct xfs_refcount_irec));
}

/* Scrub a refcountbt record. */
STATIC int
xchk_refcountbt_rec(
	struct xchk_btree	*bs,
	const union xfs_btree_rec *rec)
{
	struct xfs_refcount_irec irec;
	struct xchk_refcbt_records *rrc = bs->private;

	xfs_refcount_btrec_to_irec(rec, &irec);
	if (xfs_refcount_check_irec(bs->cur, &irec) != NULL) {
		xchk_btree_set_corrupt(bs->sc, bs->cur, 0);
		return 0;
	}

	if (irec.rc_domain == XFS_REFC_DOMAIN_COW)
		rrc->cow_blocks += irec.rc_blockcount;

	/* Shared records always come before CoW records. */
	if (irec.rc_domain == XFS_REFC_DOMAIN_SHARED &&
	    rrc->prev_domain == XFS_REFC_DOMAIN_COW)
		xchk_btree_set_corrupt(bs->sc, bs->cur, 0);
	rrc->prev_domain = irec.rc_domain;

	xchk_refcountbt_check_mergeable(bs, rrc, &irec);
	xchk_refcountbt_xref(bs->sc, &irec);

	/*
	 * If this is a record for a shared extent, check that all blocks
	 * between the previous record and this one have at most one reverse
	 * mapping.
	 */
	if (irec.rc_domain == XFS_REFC_DOMAIN_SHARED) {
		xchk_refcountbt_xref_gaps(bs->sc, rrc, irec.rc_startblock);
		rrc->next_unshared_agbno = irec.rc_startblock +
					   irec.rc_blockcount;
	}

	return 0;
}

/* Make sure we have as many refc blocks as the rmap says. */
STATIC void
xchk_refcount_xref_rmap(
	struct xfs_scrub	*sc,
	xfs_filblks_t		cow_blocks)
{
	xfs_extlen_t		refcbt_blocks = 0;
	xfs_filblks_t		blocks;
	int			error;

	if (!sc->sa.rmap_cur || xchk_skip_xref(sc->sm))
		return;

	/* Check that we saw as many refcbt blocks as the rmap knows about. */
	error = xfs_btree_count_blocks(sc->sa.refc_cur, &refcbt_blocks);
	if (!xchk_btree_process_error(sc, sc->sa.refc_cur, 0, &error))
		return;
	error = xchk_count_rmap_ownedby_ag(sc, sc->sa.rmap_cur,
			&XFS_RMAP_OINFO_REFC, &blocks);
	if (!xchk_should_check_xref(sc, &error, &sc->sa.rmap_cur))
		return;
	if (blocks != refcbt_blocks)
		xchk_btree_xref_set_corrupt(sc, sc->sa.rmap_cur, 0);

	/* Check that we saw as many cow blocks as the rmap knows about. */
	error = xchk_count_rmap_ownedby_ag(sc, sc->sa.rmap_cur,
			&XFS_RMAP_OINFO_COW, &blocks);
	if (!xchk_should_check_xref(sc, &error, &sc->sa.rmap_cur))
		return;
	if (blocks != cow_blocks)
		xchk_btree_xref_set_corrupt(sc, sc->sa.rmap_cur, 0);
}

/* Scrub the refcount btree for some AG. */
int
xchk_refcountbt(
	struct xfs_scrub	*sc)
{
	struct xchk_refcbt_records rrc = {
		.cow_blocks		= 0,
		.next_unshared_agbno	= 0,
		.prev_domain		= XFS_REFC_DOMAIN_SHARED,
	};
	int			error;

	error = xchk_btree(sc, sc->sa.refc_cur, xchk_refcountbt_rec,
			&XFS_RMAP_OINFO_REFC, &rrc);
	if (error)
		return error;

	/*
	 * Check that all blocks between the last refcount > 1 record and the
	 * end of the AG have at most one reverse mapping.
	 */
	xchk_refcountbt_xref_gaps(sc, &rrc, sc->mp->m_sb.sb_agblocks);

	xchk_refcount_xref_rmap(sc, rrc.cow_blocks);

	return 0;
}

/* xref check that a cow staging extent is marked in the refcountbt. */
void
xchk_xref_is_cow_staging(
	struct xfs_scrub		*sc,
	xfs_agblock_t			agbno,
	xfs_extlen_t			len)
{
	struct xfs_refcount_irec	rc;
	int				has_refcount;
	int				error;

	if (!sc->sa.refc_cur || xchk_skip_xref(sc->sm))
		return;

	/* Find the CoW staging extent. */
	error = xfs_refcount_lookup_le(sc->sa.refc_cur, XFS_REFC_DOMAIN_COW,
			agbno, &has_refcount);
	if (!xchk_should_check_xref(sc, &error, &sc->sa.refc_cur))
		return;
	if (!has_refcount) {
		xchk_btree_xref_set_corrupt(sc, sc->sa.refc_cur, 0);
		return;
	}

	error = xfs_refcount_get_rec(sc->sa.refc_cur, &rc, &has_refcount);
	if (!xchk_should_check_xref(sc, &error, &sc->sa.refc_cur))
		return;
	if (!has_refcount) {
		xchk_btree_xref_set_corrupt(sc, sc->sa.refc_cur, 0);
		return;
	}

	/* CoW lookup returned a shared extent record? */
	if (rc.rc_domain != XFS_REFC_DOMAIN_COW)
		xchk_btree_xref_set_corrupt(sc, sc->sa.refc_cur, 0);

	/* Must be at least as long as what was passed in */
	if (rc.rc_blockcount < len)
		xchk_btree_xref_set_corrupt(sc, sc->sa.refc_cur, 0);
}

/*
 * xref check that the extent is not shared.  Only file data blocks
 * can have multiple owners.
 */
void
xchk_xref_is_not_shared(
	struct xfs_scrub	*sc,
	xfs_agblock_t		agbno,
	xfs_extlen_t		len)
{
	enum xbtree_recpacking	outcome;
	int			error;

	if (!sc->sa.refc_cur || xchk_skip_xref(sc->sm))
		return;

	error = xfs_refcount_has_records(sc->sa.refc_cur,
			XFS_REFC_DOMAIN_SHARED, agbno, len, &outcome);
	if (!xchk_should_check_xref(sc, &error, &sc->sa.refc_cur))
		return;
	if (outcome != XBTREE_RECPACKING_EMPTY)
		xchk_btree_xref_set_corrupt(sc, sc->sa.refc_cur, 0);
}

/* xref check that the extent is not being used for CoW staging. */
void
xchk_xref_is_not_cow_staging(
	struct xfs_scrub	*sc,
	xfs_agblock_t		agbno,
	xfs_extlen_t		len)
{
	enum xbtree_recpacking	outcome;
	int			error;

	if (!sc->sa.refc_cur || xchk_skip_xref(sc->sm))
		return;

	error = xfs_refcount_has_records(sc->sa.refc_cur, XFS_REFC_DOMAIN_COW,
			agbno, len, &outcome);
	if (!xchk_should_check_xref(sc, &error, &sc->sa.refc_cur))
		return;
	if (outcome != XBTREE_RECPACKING_EMPTY)
		xchk_btree_xref_set_corrupt(sc, sc->sa.refc_cur, 0);
}