A random seek IO benchmark appeared to regress because of a change to
readahead but the real problem was the benchmark. To ensure the IO
request accesssed disk, it used fadvise(FADV_DONTNEED) on a block boundary
(512K) but the hint is ignored by the kernel. This is correct but not
necessarily obvious behaviour. As much as I dislike comment patches, the
explanation for this behaviour predates current git history. Clarify why
it behaves like this in case someone "fixes" fadvise or readahead for the
wrong reasons.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
... and convert a bunch of SYSCALL_DEFINE ones to SYSCALL_DEFINE<n>,
killing the boilerplate crap around them.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Pull vfs pile (part one) from Al Viro:
"Assorted stuff - cleaning namei.c up a bit, fixing ->d_name/->d_parent
locking violations, etc.
The most visible changes here are death of FS_REVAL_DOT (replaced with
"has ->d_weak_revalidate()") and a new helper getting from struct file
to inode. Some bits of preparation to xattr method interface changes.
Misc patches by various people sent this cycle *and* ocfs2 fixes from
several cycles ago that should've been upstream right then.
PS: the next vfs pile will be xattr stuff."
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (46 commits)
saner proc_get_inode() calling conventions
proc: avoid extra pde_put() in proc_fill_super()
fs: change return values from -EACCES to -EPERM
fs/exec.c: make bprm_mm_init() static
ocfs2/dlm: use GFP_ATOMIC inside a spin_lock
ocfs2: fix possible use-after-free with AIO
ocfs2: Fix oops in ocfs2_fast_symlink_readpage() code path
get_empty_filp()/alloc_file() leave both ->f_pos and ->f_version zero
target: writev() on single-element vector is pointless
export kernel_write(), convert open-coded instances
fs: encode_fh: return FILEID_INVALID if invalid fid_type
kill f_vfsmnt
vfs: kill FS_REVAL_DOT by adding a d_weak_revalidate dentry op
nfsd: handle vfs_getattr errors in acl protocol
switch vfs_getattr() to struct path
default SET_PERSONALITY() in linux/elf.h
ceph: prepopulate inodes only when request is aborted
d_hash_and_lookup(): export, switch open-coded instances
9p: switch v9fs_set_create_acl() to inode+fid, do it before d_instantiate()
9p: split dropping the acls from v9fs_set_create_acl()
...
Rob van der Heij reported the following (paraphrased) on private mail.
The scenario is that I want to avoid backups to fill up the page
cache and purge stuff that is more likely to be used again (this is
with s390x Linux on z/VM, so I don't give it as much memory that
we don't care anymore). So I have something with LD_PRELOAD that
intercepts the close() call (from tar, in this case) and issues
a posix_fadvise() just before closing the file.
This mostly works, except for small files (less than 14 pages)
that remains in page cache after the face.
Unfortunately Rob has not had a chance to test this exact patch but the
test program below should be reproducing the problem he described.
The issue is the per-cpu pagevecs for LRU additions. If the pages are
added by one CPU but fadvise() is called on another then the pages
remain resident as the invalidate_mapping_pages() only drains the local
pagevecs via its call to pagevec_release(). The user-visible effect is
that a program that uses fadvise() properly is not obeyed.
A possible fix for this is to put the necessary smarts into
invalidate_mapping_pages() to globally drain the LRU pagevecs if a
pagevec page could not be discarded. The downside with this is that an
inode cache shrink would send a global IPI and memory pressure
potentially causing global IPI storms is very undesirable.
Instead, this patch adds a check during fadvise(POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED) to
check if invalidate_mapping_pages() discarded all the requested pages.
If a subset of pages are discarded it drains the LRU pagevecs and tries
again. If the second attempt fails, it assumes it is due to the pages
being mapped, locked or dirty and does not care. With this patch, an
application using fadvise() correctly will be obeyed but there is a
downside that a malicious application can force the kernel to send
global IPIs and increase overhead.
If accepted, I would like this to be considered as a -stable candidate.
It's not an urgent issue but it's a system call that is not working as
advertised which is weak.
The following test program demonstrates the problem. It should never
report that pages are still resident but will without this patch. It
assumes that CPU 0 and 1 exist.
int main() {
int fd;
int pagesize = getpagesize();
ssize_t written = 0, expected;
char *buf;
unsigned char *vec;
int resident, i;
cpu_set_t set;
/* Prepare a buffer for writing */
expected = FILESIZE_PAGES * pagesize;
buf = malloc(expected + 1);
if (buf == NULL) {
printf("ENOMEM\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
buf[expected] = 0;
memset(buf, 'a', expected);
/* Prepare the mincore vec */
vec = malloc(FILESIZE_PAGES);
if (vec == NULL) {
printf("ENOMEM\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
/* Bind ourselves to CPU 0 */
CPU_ZERO(&set);
CPU_SET(0, &set);
if (sched_setaffinity(getpid(), sizeof(set), &set) == -1) {
perror("sched_setaffinity");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
/* open file, unlink and write buffer */
fd = open("fadvise-test-file", O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_RDWR);
if (fd == -1) {
perror("open");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
unlink("fadvise-test-file");
while (written < expected) {
ssize_t this_write;
this_write = write(fd, buf + written, expected - written);
if (this_write == -1) {
perror("write");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
written += this_write;
}
free(buf);
/*
* Force ourselves to another CPU. If fadvise only flushes the local
* CPUs pagevecs then the fadvise will fail to discard all file pages
*/
CPU_ZERO(&set);
CPU_SET(1, &set);
if (sched_setaffinity(getpid(), sizeof(set), &set) == -1) {
perror("sched_setaffinity");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
/* sync and fadvise to discard the page cache */
fsync(fd);
if (posix_fadvise(fd, 0, expected, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED) == -1) {
perror("posix_fadvise");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
/* map the file and use mincore to see which parts of it are resident */
buf = mmap(NULL, expected, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
if (buf == NULL) {
perror("mmap");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (mincore(buf, expected, vec) == -1) {
perror("mincore");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
/* Check residency */
for (i = 0, resident = 0; i < FILESIZE_PAGES; i++) {
if (vec[i])
resident++;
}
if (resident != 0) {
printf("Nr unexpected pages resident: %d\n", resident);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
munmap(buf, expected);
close(fd);
free(vec);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reported-by: Rob van der Heij <rvdheij@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Rob van der Heij <rvdheij@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Eric Wong reported his test suite failex when /tmp is tmpfs.
https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/2/24/479
Currentlt the input check of POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED has two problems.
- requires a_ops->readpage. But in fact, force_page_cache_readahead()
requires that the target filesystem has either ->readpage or ->readpages.
- returns -EINVAL when the filesystem doesn't have ->readpage. But
posix says that fadvise is merely a hint. Thus fadvise() should return
0 if filesystem has no means of implementing fadvise(). The userland
application should not know nor care whcih type of filesystem backs the
TMPDIR directory, as Eric pointed out. There is nothing which userspace
can do to solve this error.
So change the return value to 0 when filesytem doesn't support readahead.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>
Tested-by: Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>
Reviewed-by: Wanlong Gao <gaowanlong@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Previously POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED would start writeback for the entire file
when the bdi was not write congested. This negatively impacts performance
if the file contains dirty pages outside of the requested range. This
change uses __filemap_fdatawrite_range() to only initiate writeback for
the requested range.
Signed-off-by: Shawn Bohrer <sbohrer@rgmadvisors.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This fixes inefficient page-by-page reads on POSIX_FADV_RANDOM.
POSIX_FADV_RANDOM used to set ra_pages=0, which leads to poor performance:
a 16K read will be carried out in 4 _sync_ 1-page reads.
In other places, ra_pages==0 means
- it's ramfs/tmpfs/hugetlbfs/sysfs/configfs
- some IO error happened
where multi-page read IO won't help or should be avoided.
POSIX_FADV_RANDOM actually want a different semantics: to disable the
*heuristic* readahead algorithm, and to use a dumb one which faithfully
submit read IO for whatever application requests.
So introduce a flag FMODE_RANDOM for POSIX_FADV_RANDOM.
Note that the random hint is not likely to help random reads performance
noticeably. And it may be too permissive on huge request size (its IO
size is not limited by read_ahead_kb).
In Quentin's report (http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/12/24/145), the overall
(NFS read) performance of the application increased by 313%!
Tested-by: Quentin Barnes <qbarnes+nfs@yahoo-inc.com>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Cc: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.33.x]
Cc: <qbarnes+nfs@yahoo-inc.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
System calls with an unsigned long long argument can't be converted with
the standard wrappers since that would include a cast to long, which in
turn means that we would lose the upper 32 bit on 32 bit architectures.
Also semctl can't use the standard wrapper since it has a 'union'
parameter.
So we handle them as special case and add some extra wrappers instead.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
People can use the real name an an index into MAINTAINERS to find the
current email address.
Signed-off-by: Francois Cami <francois.cami@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Convert XIP to support non-struct page backed memory, using VM_MIXEDMAP for
the user mappings.
This requires the get_xip_page API to be changed to an address based one.
Improve the API layering a little bit too, while we're here.
This is required in order to support XIP filesystems on memory that isn't
backed with struct page (but memory with struct page is still supported too).
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Acked-by: Carsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Jared Hulbert <jaredeh@gmail.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
I've written some test programs in ltp project. During writing I met an
problem which I cannot solve in user land. So I wrote a patch for linux
kernel. Please, include this patch if acceptable.
The test program tests the 4th parameter of fadvise64_64:
long sys_fadvise64_64(int fd, loff_t offset, loff_t len, int advice);
My test case calls fadvise64_64 with invalid advice value and checks errno is
set to EINVAL. About the advice parameter man page says:
...
Permissible values for advice include:
POSIX_FADV_NORMAL
...
POSIX_FADV_SEQUENTIAL
...
POSIX_FADV_RANDOM
...
POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE
...
POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED
...
POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED
...
ERRORS
...
EINVAL An invalid value was specified for advice.
However, I got a bug report that the system call invocations
in my test case returned 0 unexpectedly.
I've inspected the kernel code:
asmlinkage long sys_fadvise64_64(int fd, loff_t offset, loff_t len, int advice)
{
struct file *file = fget(fd);
struct address_space *mapping;
struct backing_dev_info *bdi;
loff_t endbyte; /* inclusive */
pgoff_t start_index;
pgoff_t end_index;
unsigned long nrpages;
int ret = 0;
if (!file)
return -EBADF;
if (S_ISFIFO(file->f_path.dentry->d_inode->i_mode)) {
ret = -ESPIPE;
goto out;
}
mapping = file->f_mapping;
if (!mapping || len < 0) {
ret = -EINVAL;
goto out;
}
if (mapping->a_ops->get_xip_page)
/* no bad return value, but ignore advice */
goto out;
...
out:
fput(file);
return ret;
}
I found the advice parameter is just ignored in the case
mapping->a_ops->get_xip_page is given. This behavior is different from
what is written on the man page. Is this o.k.?
get_xip_page is given if CONFIG_EXT2_FS_XIP is true.
Anyway I cannot find the easy way to detect get_xip_page
field is given or CONFIG_EXT2_FS_XIP is true from the
user space.
I propose the following patch which checks the advice parameter
even if get_xip_page is given.
Signed-off-by: Masatake YAMATO <yamato@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Carsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Change all the uses of f_{dentry,vfsmnt} to f_path.{dentry,mnt} in linux/mm/.
Signed-off-by: Josef "Jeff" Sipek <jsipek@cs.sunysb.edu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE hint means "the application will use this range of the
file a single time". It seems to be intended that the implementation will use
this hint to perform drop-behind of that part of the file when the application
gets around to reading or writing it.
However for reasons which aren't obvious (or sane?) I mapped
POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE onto POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED. ie: it does readahead.
That's daft. So for now, make POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE a no-op.
This is a non-back-compatible change. If someone was using POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE
to perform readahead, they lose. The likelihood is low.
If/when we later implement POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE things will get interesting - to
do it fully we'll need to maintain file offset/length ranges and peform all
sorts of complex tricks, and managing the lifetime of those ranges' data
structures will be interesting..
A sensible implementation would probably ignore the file range and would
simply mark the entire file as needing some form of drop-behind treatment.
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk-manpages@gmx.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Remove the recently-added LINUX_FADV_ASYNC_WRITE and LINUX_FADV_WRITE_WAIT
fadvise() additions, do it in a new sys_sync_file_range() syscall instead.
Reasons:
- It's more flexible. Things which would require two or three syscalls with
fadvise() can be done in a single syscall.
- Using fadvise() in this manner is something not covered by POSIX.
The patch wires up the syscall for x86.
The sycall is implemented in the new fs/sync.c. The intention is that we can
move sys_fsync(), sys_fdatasync() and perhaps sys_sync() into there later.
Documentation for the syscall is in fs/sync.c.
A test app (sync_file_range.c) is in
http://www.zip.com.au/~akpm/linux/patches/stuff/ext3-tools.tar.gz.
The available-to-GPL-modules do_sync_file_range() is for knfsd: "A COMMIT can
say NFS_DATA_SYNC or NFS_FILE_SYNC. I can skip the ->fsync call for
NFS_DATA_SYNC which is hopefully the more common."
Note: the `async' writeout mode SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE will turn synchronous if
the queue is congested. This is trivial to fix: add a new flag bit, set
wbc->nonblocking. But I'm not sure that we want to expose implementation
details down to that level.
Note: it's notable that we can sync an fd which wasn't opened for writing.
Same with fsync() and fdatasync()).
Note: the code takes some care to handle attempts to sync file contents
outside the 16TB offset on 32-bit machines. It makes such attempts appear to
succeed, for best 32-bit/64-bit compatibility. Perhaps it should make such
requests fail...
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk-manpages@gmx.net>
Cc: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Add two new linux-specific fadvise extensions():
LINUX_FADV_ASYNC_WRITE: start async writeout of any dirty pages between file
offsets `offset' and `offset+len'. Any pages which are currently under
writeout are skipped, whether or not they are dirty.
LINUX_FADV_WRITE_WAIT: wait upon writeout of any dirty pages between file
offsets `offset' and `offset+len'.
By combining these two operations the application may do several things:
LINUX_FADV_ASYNC_WRITE: push some or all of the dirty pages at the disk.
LINUX_FADV_WRITE_WAIT, LINUX_FADV_ASYNC_WRITE: push all of the currently dirty
pages at the disk.
LINUX_FADV_WRITE_WAIT, LINUX_FADV_ASYNC_WRITE, LINUX_FADV_WRITE_WAIT: push all
of the currently dirty pages at the disk, wait until they have been written.
It should be noted that none of these operations write out the file's
metadata. So unless the application is strictly performing overwrites of
already-instantiated disk blocks, there are no guarantees here that the data
will be available after a crash.
To complete this suite of operations I guess we should have a "sync file
metadata only" operation. This gives applications access to all the building
blocks needed for all sorts of sync operations. But sync-metadata doesn't fit
well with the fadvise() interface. Probably it should be a new syscall:
sys_fmetadatasync().
The patch also diddles with the meaning of `endbyte' in sys_fadvise64_64().
It is made to represent that last affected byte in the file (ie: it is
inclusive). Generally, all these byterange and pagerange functions are
inclusive so we can easily represent EOF with -1.
As Ulrich notes, these two functions are somewhat abusive of the fadvise()
concept, which appears to be "set the future policy for this fd".
But these commands are a perfect fit with the fadvise() impementation, and
several of the existing fadvise() commands are synchronous and don't affect
future policy either. I think we can live with the slight incongruity.
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk-manpages@gmx.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The patch makes posix_fadvise return ESPIPE on FIFO/pipe in order to be
fully POSIX-compliant.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
