RCU's CPU-hotplug callback-migration code first moves the outgoing
CPU's callbacks to ->orphan_done and ->orphan_pend, and only then
moves them to the NOCB callback list. This commit avoids the
extra step (and simplifies the code) by moving the callbacks directly
from the outgoing CPU's callback list to the NOCB callback list.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The current CPU-hotplug RCU-callback-migration code checks
for the source (newly offlined) CPU being a NOCBs CPU down in
rcu_send_cbs_to_orphanage(). This commit simplifies callback migration a
bit by moving this check up to rcu_migrate_callbacks(). This commit also
adds a check for the source CPU having no callbacks, which eases analysis
of the rcu_send_cbs_to_orphanage() and rcu_adopt_orphan_cbs() functions.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The rcu_node structure's ->n_cbs_orphaned and ->n_cbs_adopted fields
are updated, but never read. This commit therefore removes them.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The update of the ->expmaskinitnext and of ->ncpus are unsynchronized,
with the value of ->ncpus being incremented long before the corresponding
->expmaskinitnext mask is updated. If an RCU expedited grace period
sees ->ncpus change, it will update the ->expmaskinit masks from the new
->expmaskinitnext masks. But it is possible that ->ncpus has already
been updated, but the ->expmaskinitnext masks still have their old values.
For the current expedited grace period, no harm done. The CPU could not
have been online before the grace period started, so there is no need to
wait for its non-existent pre-existing readers.
But the next RCU expedited grace period is in a world of hurt. The value
of ->ncpus has already been updated, so this grace period will assume
that the ->expmaskinitnext masks have not changed. But they have, and
they won't be taken into account until the next never-been-online CPU
comes online. This means that RCU will be ignoring some CPUs that it
should be paying attention to.
The solution is to update ->ncpus and ->expmaskinitnext while holding
the ->lock for the rcu_node structure containing the ->expmaskinitnext
mask. Because smp_store_release() is now used to update ->ncpus and
smp_load_acquire() is now used to locklessly read it, if the expedited
grace period sees ->ncpus change, then the updating CPU has to
already be holding the corresponding ->lock. Therefore, when the
expedited grace period later acquires that ->lock, it is guaranteed
to see the new value of ->expmaskinitnext.
On the other hand, if the expedited grace period loads ->ncpus just
before an update, earlier full memory barriers guarantee that
the incoming CPU isn't far enough along to be running any RCU readers.
This commit therefore makes the required change.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
RCU callbacks must be migrated away from an outgoing CPU, and this is
done near the end of the CPU-hotplug operation, after the outgoing CPU is
long gone. Unfortunately, this means that other CPU-hotplug callbacks
can execute while the outgoing CPU's callbacks are still immobilized
on the long-gone CPU's callback lists. If any of these CPU-hotplug
callbacks must wait, either directly or indirectly, for the invocation
of any of the immobilized RCU callbacks, the system will hang.
This commit avoids such hangs by migrating the callbacks away from the
outgoing CPU immediately upon its departure, shortly after the return
from __cpu_die() in takedown_cpu(). Thus, RCU is able to advance these
callbacks and invoke them, which allows all the after-the-fact CPU-hotplug
callbacks to wait on these RCU callbacks without risk of a hang.
While in the neighborhood, this commit also moves rcu_send_cbs_to_orphanage()
and rcu_adopt_orphan_cbs() under a pre-existing #ifdef to avoid including
dead code on the one hand and to avoid define-without-use warnings on the
other hand.
Reported-by: Jeffrey Hugo <jhugo@codeaurora.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/db9c91f6-1b17-6136-84f0-03c3c2581ab4@codeaurora.org
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Anna-Maria Gleixner <anna-maria@linutronix.de>
Cc: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
The handling of RCU's no-CBs CPUs has a maintenance headache, namely
that if call_rcu() is invoked with interrupts disabled, the rcuo kthread
wakeup must be defered to a point where we can be sure that scheduler
locks are not held. Of course, there are a lot of code paths leading
from an interrupts-disabled invocation of call_rcu(), and missing any
one of these can result in excessive callback-invocation latency, and
potentially even system hangs.
This commit therefore uses a timer to guarantee that the wakeup will
eventually occur. If one of the deferred-wakeup points kicks in, then
the timer is simply cancelled.
This commit also fixes up an incomplete removal of commits that were
intended to plug remaining exit paths, which should have the added
benefit of reducing the overhead of RCU's context-switch hooks. In
addition, it simplifies leader-to-follower callback-list handoff by
introducing locking. The call_rcu()-to-leader handoff continues to
use atomic operations in order to maintain good real-time latency for
common-case use of call_rcu().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[ paulmck: Dan Carpenter fix for mod_timer() usage bug found by smatch. ]
The Linux kernel invokes call_rcu() from various interrupt/softirq
handlers, but rcutorture does not. This commit therefore adds this
behavior to rcutorture's repertoire.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit augments the grace-period-kthread starvation debugging
messages by adding the last CPU that ran the kthread.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit removes an unused local variable named ts_rem that is
marked __maybe_unused. Yes, the variable was assigned to, but it
was never used beyond that point, hence not needed.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
It appears that at least some of the rcutorture writer stall messages
coincide with unusually long CPU-online operations, for example, no
fewer than 205 seconds in a recent test. It is of course possible that
the writer stall is not unrelated to this unusually long CPU-hotplug
operation, and so this commit adds the rcutorture writer task's CPU to
the stall message to gain more information about this possible connection.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Strings used in event tracing need to be specially handled, for example,
being copied to the trace buffer instead of being pointed to by the trace
buffer. Although the TPS() macro can be used to "launder" pointed-to
strings, this might not be all that effective within a loadable module.
This commit therefore copies rcutorture's strings to the trace buffer.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Now that it is legal to invoke srcu_read_lock() and srcu_read_unlock()
for a given srcu_struct from both process context and {soft,}irq
handlers, it is time to test it. This commit therefore enables
testing of SRCU readers from rcutorture's timer handler, using in_task()
to determine whether or not it is safe to sleep in the SRCU read-side
critical sections.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The synchronize_rcu_tasks() and call_rcu_tasks() APIs are now available
regardless of kernel configuration, so this commit removes the
CONFIG_TASKS_RCU ifdef from rcuperf.c.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit adds printing of SRCU lock/unlock totals, which are just
the sums of the per-CPU counts. Saves a bit of mental arithmetic.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit gets rid of some ugly #ifdefs in rcutorture.c by moving
the SRCU status printing to the SRCU implementations.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The function process_srcu() is not invoked outside of srcutree.c, so
this commit makes it static and drops the EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Other than lockdep support, Tiny RCU has no need for the
scheduler status. However, Tiny SRCU will need this to control
boot-time behavior independent of lockdep. Therefore, this commit
moves rcu_scheduler_starting() from kernel/rcu/tiny_plugin.h to
kernel/rcu/srcutiny.c. This in turn allows the complete removal of
kernel/rcu/tiny_plugin.h.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tiny RCU's job is to be tiny, so this commit removes its RCU CPU
stall warning code. After this, there is no longer any need for
rcu_sched_ctrlblk and rcu_bh_ctrlblk to be in tiny_plugin.h, so this
commit also moves them to tiny.c.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
RCU's debugging Kconfig options are in the unintuitive location
lib/Kconfig.debug, and there are enough of them that it would be good for
them to be more centralized. This commit therefore extracts RCU's Kconfig
options from init/Kconfig into a new kernel/rcu/Kconfig.debug file.
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
RCU's Kconfig options are scattered, and there are enough of them
that it would be good for them to be more centralized. This commit
therefore extracts RCU's Kconfig options from init/Kconfig into a new
kernel/rcu/Kconfig file.
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU_ALL, CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU_NONE, and
CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU_ZERO Kconfig options are used only in testing and
are redundant with the rcu_nocbs= boot parameter. This commit therefore
removes these three Kconfig options and adjusts the rcutorture scripts
to use the boot parameter instead.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
RCU's debugfs tracing used to be the only reasonable low-level debug
information available, but ftrace and event tracing has since surpassed
the RCU debugfs level of usefulness. This commit therefore removes
RCU's debugfs tracing.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Classic SRCU was only ever intended to be a fallback in case of issues
with Tree/Tiny SRCU, and the latter two are doing quite well in testing.
This commit therefore removes Classic SRCU.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The function srcutorture_get_gp_data() duplicated the check for
sp->batch_check0.head instead of also checking sp->batch_check1.head.
The only effect of this typo would be for rcutorture statistics to
understate the fraction of time that an SRCU grace period was in flight,
and only for Classic SRCU. This commit fixes this typo.
Reported-by: David Binderman <dcb314@hotmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The PROVE_RCU_REPEATEDLY Kconfig option was initially added due to
the volume of messages from PROVE_RCU: Doing just one per boot would
have required excessive numbers of boots to locate them all. However,
PROVE_RCU messages are now relatively rare, so there is no longer any
reason to need more than one such message per boot. This commit therefore
removes the PROVE_RCU_REPEATEDLY Kconfig option.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Because raw_spin_lock_irqsave() and raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore()
both do typecheck() on their flags argument, there is no point in
duplicating this check in raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node() and
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(). This commit therefore saves
a few lines by removing this duplicated check.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The NO_HZ_FULL_SYSIDLE full-system-idle capability was added in 2013
by commit 0edd1b1784 ("nohz_full: Add full-system-idle state machine"),
but has not been used. This commit therefore removes it.
If it turns out to be needed later, this commit can always be reverted.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Anything that can be done with the RCU_KTHREAD_PRIO Kconfig option can
also be done with the rcutree.kthread_prio kernel boot parameter.
This commit therefore removes this Kconfig option.
Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
The RCU_TORTURE_TEST_SLOW_PREINIT, RCU_TORTURE_TEST_SLOW_PREINIT_DELAY,
RCU_TORTURE_TEST_SLOW_PREINIT_DELAY, RCU_TORTURE_TEST_SLOW_INIT,
RCU_TORTURE_TEST_SLOW_INIT_DELAY, RCU_TORTURE_TEST_SLOW_CLEANUP,
and RCU_TORTURE_TEST_SLOW_CLEANUP_DELAY Kconfig options are only
useful for torture testing, and there are the rcutree.gp_cleanup_delay,
rcutree.gp_init_delay, and rcutree.gp_preinit_delay kernel boot parameters
that rcutorture can use instead. The effect of these parameters is to
artificially slow down grace period initialization and cleanup in order
to make some types of race conditions happen more often.
This commit therefore simplifies Tree RCU a bit by removing the Kconfig
options and adding the corresponding kernel parameters to rcutorture's
.boot files instead. However, this commit also leaves out the kernel
parameters for TREE02, TREE04, and TREE07 in order to have about the
same number of tests slowed as not slowed. TREE01, TREE03, TREE05,
and TREE06 are slowed, and the rest are not slowed.
Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit uses TREE RCU's rnp->lock wrappers to replace a few explicit
memory barriers. This change also has the advantage of making SRCU's
memory-ordering properties be implemented in roughly the same way as they
are in Tree RCU.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit moves the now-generic rnp->lock wrapper macros from
kernel/rcu/tree.h to kernel/rcu/rcu.h, thus allowing SRCU to use them.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Use of smp_mb__after_unlock_lock() would allow SRCU to omit a full
memory barrier during callback execution, so this commit converts
raw_spin_lock_rcu_node() from inline functions to type-generic macros
to allow them to handle locks in srcu_node structures as well as
rcu_node structures.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The rcu_segcblist structure provides quite a bit of functionality, and
Tiny SRCU needs almost none of it. So this commit replaces Tiny SRCU's
uses of rcu_segcblist with a simple singly linked list with tail pointer.
This change significantly reduces Tiny SRCU's memory footprint, more
than making up for the growth caused by the creation of rcu_segcblist.c
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The call_srcu() docbook entry is currently in include/linux/srcu.h,
which causes needless processing for each include point. This commit
therefore moves this entry to kernel/rcu/srcutree.c, which the compiler
reads only once. In addition, the srcu_batches_completed() function is
used only within RCU and its torture-test suites. This commit therefore
also moves this function's declaration from include/linux/srcutiny.h,
include/linux/srcutree.h, and include/linux/srcuclassic.h to
kernel/rcu/rcu.h.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
If a given CPU never happens to ever start an SRCU grace period, the
grace-period sequence counter might wrap. If this CPU were to decide to
finally start a grace period, the state of its sdp->srcu_gp_seq_needed
might make it appear that it has already requested this grace period,
which would prevent starting the grace period. If no other CPU ever started
a grace period again, this would look like a grace-period hang. Even
if some other CPU took pity and started the needed grace period, the
leaf rcu_node structure's ->srcu_data_have_cbs field won't have record
of the fact that this CPU has a callback pending, which would look like
a very localized grace-period hang.
This might seem very unlikely, but SRCU grace periods can take less than
a microsecond on small systems, which means that overflow can happen
in much less than an hour on a 32-bit embedded system. And embedded
systems are especially likely to have long-term idle CPUs. Therefore,
it makes sense to prevent this scenario from happening.
This commit therefore scans each srcu_data structure occasionally,
with frequency controlled by the srcutree.counter_wrap_check kernel
boot parameter. This parameter can be set to something like 255
in order to exercise the counter-wrap-prevention code.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The rcu_request_urgent_qs_task() function is used only within RCU,
so there is no point in exporting it to the rest of the kernel from
nclude/linux/rcutiny.h and include/linux/rcutree.h. This commit therefore
moves this function to kernel/rcu/rcu.h.
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The various functions similar to rcu_batches_started(), the
function show_rcu_gp_kthreads(), the various functions similar to
rcu_force_quiescent_state(), and the variables rcutorture_testseq and
rcutorture_vernum are used only within RCU. There is therefore no point
in exporting them to the kernel at large from include/linux/rcutiny.h
and include/linux/rcutree.h. This commit therefore moves all of these
to kernel/rcu/rcu.h.
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The rcu_ftrace_dump() function is used only internally to RCU. This
commit therefore moves its declaration from include/linux/rcupdate.h
to kernel/rcu/rcu.h.
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The rcu_is_nocb_cpu() function is used only internally to RCU. This
commit therefore moves its declaration from include/linux/rcupdate.h
to kernel/rcu/rcu.h.
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The "__call_rcu(): Leaked duplicate callback" error message from
__call_rcu() has proven to be unhelpful. This commit therefore changes
it to "__call_rcu(): Double-freed CB" and adds the value of the pointer
passed in. The value of the pointer improves debuggability by allowing
correlation with tracing output, for example, the rcu:rcu_callback trace
event.
Reported-by: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The RCU_SCHEDULER_INACTIVE, RCU_SCHEDULER_INIT, and RCU_SCHEDULER_RUNNING
definitions are used only within RCU, so this commit moves them from
include/linux/rcupdate.h to kernel/rcu/rcu.h.
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The __rcu_is_watching() function is currently not used, aside from
to implement the rcu_is_watching() function. This commit therefore
eliminates __rcu_is_watching(), which has the beneficial side-effect
of shrinking include/linux/rcupdate.h a bit.
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The include/linux/rcupdate.h file contains a number of definitions that
are used only to communicate between rcutorture, rcuperf, and the RCU code
itself. There is no point in having these definitions exposed globally
throughout the kernel, so this commit moves them to kernel/rcu/rcu.h.
This change has the added benefit of shrinking rcupdate.h.
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The rcu_gp_is_normal(), rcu_gp_is_expedited(), rcu_expedite_gp(), and
rcu_unexpedite_gp() functions are intended only for use within the
RCU implementation itself -- the sysfs access is what should be used
outside of RCU. This commit therefore moves the declarations for
these functions to kernel/rcu/rcu.h, and also includes this file into
kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c and kernel/rcu/rcuperf.c. This also has the
beneficial effect of shrinking rcupdate.c a bit.
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The rcu_expedited and rcu_normal variables are used only by sysctl
and kernel/rcu/update.c, so it does not make sense to their extern
declarations in rcupdate.h. This commit therefore moves these
extern declarations to update.c.
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The include/linux/rcupdate.h file is included by more than 200
files, so shrinking it should provide some build-time benefits.
This commit therefore moves several docbook comments from rcupdate.h to
kernel/rcu/update.c, kernel/rcu/tree.c, and kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h, thus
reducing the number of times that the compiler has to scan these comments.
This likely provides only a small benefit, but every little bit helps.
This commit also fixes a malformed bulleted list noted by the 0day
Test Robot.
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Wait/wakeup operations do not guarantee ordering on their own. Instead,
either locking or memory barriers are required. This commit therefore
adds memory barriers to wake_nocb_leader() and nocb_leader_wait().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Krister Johansen <kjlx@templeofstupid.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 4.6.x
The RCU_NOGP_WAKE_NOT, RCU_NOGP_WAKE, and RCU_NOGP_WAKE_FORCE flags
are used to mediate wakeups for the no-CBs CPU kthreads. The "NOGP"
really doesn't make any sense, so this commit does s/NOGP/NOCB/.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Currently, doing synchronize_rcu_mult(call_rcu, call_rcu) might
(or might not) wait for two RCU grace periods. One approach is
of course "don't do that!", but in CONFIG_PREEMPT=n kernels,
synchronize_rcu_mult(call_rcu, call_rcu_sched) does exactly that.
This results in an ugly #ifdef in sched_cpu_deactivate().
This commit therefore makes __wait_rcu_gp() check for duplicates,
which in turn allows duplicates to be passed to synchronize_rcu_mult()
without risk of waiting twice on the same type of grace period.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit adds DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD checking to detect call_srcu()
counterparts to double-free bugs.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
In Tiny SRCU, __srcu_read_lock() is a trivial function, outweighed by
its EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(), and on many architectures, its call sequence.
This commit therefore moves it to srcutiny.h so that it can be inlined.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Comments can be helpful, but assertions carry more force. This commit
therefore adds lockdep_assert_held() and RCU_LOCKDEP_WARN() calls to
enforce lock-held and interrupt-disabled preconditions.
Reported-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Comments can be helpful, but assertions carry more force. This
commit therefore adds lockdep_assert_held() and RCU_LOCKDEP_WARN()
calls to enforce lock-held and interrupt-disabled preconditions.
Reported-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit makes srcu_bootup_announce() check for non-default values
of the auto-expedite holdoff time exp_holdoff and print a message if so.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Because exp_holdoff is not used outside of srcutree.c, it can be static.
This commit therefore makes this change.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit updates rcu_bootup_announce_oddness() to check additional
Kconfig options and module/boot parameters.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit adds a rcupdate_announce_bootup_oddness() function to
print out non-default values of significant kernel boot parameter
settings to aid in debugging.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit adds WARN_ON_ONCE() calls that trigger if either
rcu_sched_qs() or rcu_bh_qs() are invoked with preemption enabled.
In the immortal words of Peter Zijlstra: "these are much harder to ignore
than comments".
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit adds a writer_holdoff boot parameter to rcuperf, which is
intended to be used to test Tree SRCU's auto-expediting. This
boot parameter is in microseconds, and defaults to zero (that is,
disabled). Set it to a bit larger than srcutree.exp_holdoff,
keeping the nanosecond/microsecond conversion, to force Tree SRCU
to auto-expedite more aggressively.
This commit also adds documentation for this parameter, and fixes some
alphabetization while in the neighborhood.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Common-case use of rcuperf must set rcuperf.nreaders=0 and if not built
as a module, rcuperf.shutdown. This commit therefore sets the default
for rcuperf.nreaders to zero and sets the default for rcuperf.shutdown
to zero if rcuperf is built as a module and to one otherwise.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit rearranges Tiny SRCU's srcu_struct structure, substitutes
u8 for bool, and shrinks counters down to short.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Currently, the only way to tell whether a given kernel is running
Classic, Tiny, or Tree SRCU is to look at the .config file, which
can easily be lost or associated with the wrong kernel. This commit
therefore has Classic and Tree SRCU identify themselves at boot time.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit adds a perf_type of "srcud", which species that rcuperf
test SRCU on a dynamically initialized srcu_struct.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The sync_rcu_preempt_exp_done() function returns a logical expression,
but its return type is nevertheless int. This commit therefore changes
the return type to bool.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit upgrades rcuperf so that it can do performance testing on
asynchronous grace-period primitives such as call_srcu(). There is
a new rcuperf.gp_async module parameter that specifies this new behavior,
with the pre-existing rcuperf.gp_exp testing expedited grace periods such as
synchronize_rcu_expedited, and with the default being to test synchronous
non-expedited grace periods such as synchronize_rcu().
There is also a new rcuperf.gp_async_max module parameter that specifies
the maximum number of outstanding callbacks per writer kthread, defaulting
to 1,000. When this limit is exceeded, the writer thread invokes the
appropriate flavor of rcu_barrier() to wait for callbacks to drain.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[ paulmck: Removed the redundant initialization noted by Arnd Bergmann. ]
The synchronize_kernel() primitive was removed in favor of
synchronize_sched() more than a decade ago, and it seems likely that
rather few kernel hackers are familiar with it. Its continued presence
is therefore providing more confusion than enlightenment. This commit
therefore removes the reference from the synchronize_sched() header
comment, and adds the corresponding information to the synchronize_rcu(0
header comment.
Reported-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Current rcuperf startup checks to see if the user asked to measure
only expedited grace periods, yet constrained all grace periods to be
normal, or if the user asked to measure only normal grace periods, yet
constrained all grace periods to be expedited. Useless tests of this
sort are aborted.
Unfortunately, making RCU work through the mid-boot dead zone [1] puts
RCU into expedited-only mode during that zone. Which happens to also
be the exact time that rcuperf carries out the aforementioned check.
So if the user asks rcuperf to measure only normal grace periods (the
default), rcuperf will now always complain and terminate the test.
This commit therefore moves the checks to rcu_perf_cleanup(). This has
the disadvantage of failing to abort useless tests, but avoids the need to
create yet another kthread and the need to do fiddly checks involving the
holdoff time. (Yes, another approach is to do the checks in a late-stage
init function, but that would require some way to communicate badness
to rcuperf's kthreads, and seems not worth the bother.)
[1] https://lwn.net/Articles/716148/
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Although preemptible RCU allows its read-side critical sections to be
preempted, general blocking is forbidden. The reason for this is that
excessive preemption times can be handled by CONFIG_RCU_BOOST=y, but a
voluntarily blocked task doesn't care how high you boost its priority.
Because preemptible RCU is a global mechanism, one ill-behaved reader
hurts everyone. Hence the prohibition against general blocking in
RCU-preempt read-side critical sections. Preemption yes, blocking no.
This commit enforces this prohibition.
There is a special exception for the -rt patchset (which they kindly
volunteered to implement): It is OK to block (as opposed to merely being
preempted) within an RCU-preempt read-side critical section, but only if
the blocking is subject to priority inheritance. This exception permits
CONFIG_RCU_BOOST=y to get -rt RCU readers out of trouble.
Why doesn't this exception also apply to mainline's rt_mutex? Because
of the possibility that someone does general blocking while holding
an rt_mutex. Yes, the priority boosting will affect the rt_mutex,
but it won't help with the task doing general blocking while holding
that rt_mutex.
Reported-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Earlier versions of Tree SRCU were subject to a counter overflow bug that
could theoretically result in too-short grace periods. This commit
eliminates this problem by adding an update-side memory barrier.
The short explanation is that if the updater sums the unlock counts
too late to see a given __srcu_read_unlock() increment, that CPU's
next __srcu_read_lock() must see the new value of ->srcu_idx, thus
incrementing the other bank of counters. This eliminates the possibility
of destructive counter overflow as long as the srcu_read_lock() nesting
level does not exceed floor(ULONG_MAX/NR_CPUS/2), which should be an
eminently reasonable nesting limit, especially on 64-bit systems.
Reported-by: Lance Roy <ldr709@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Lance Roy <ldr709@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Currently rcu_barrier() uses call_rcu() to enqueue new callbacks
on each CPU with a non-empty callback list. This works, but means
that rcu_barrier() forces grace periods that are not otherwise needed.
The key point is that rcu_barrier() never needs to wait for a grace
period, but instead only for all pre-existing callbacks to be invoked.
This means that rcu_barrier()'s new callbacks should be placed in
the callback-list segment containing the last pre-existing callback.
This commit makes this change using the new rcu_segcblist_entrain()
function.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Linu Cherian reported a WARN in cleanup_srcu_struct() when shutting
down a guest running iperf on a VFIO assigned device. This happens
because irqfd_wakeup() calls srcu_read_lock(&kvm->irq_srcu) in interrupt
context, while a worker thread does the same inside kvm_set_irq(). If the
interrupt happens while the worker thread is executing __srcu_read_lock(),
updates to the Classic SRCU ->lock_count[] field or the Tree SRCU
->srcu_lock_count[] field can be lost.
The docs say you are not supposed to call srcu_read_lock() and
srcu_read_unlock() from irq context, but KVM interrupt injection happens
from (host) interrupt context and it would be nice if SRCU supported the
use case. KVM is using SRCU here not really for the "sleepable" part,
but rather due to its IPI-free fast detection of grace periods. It is
therefore not desirable to switch back to RCU, which would effectively
revert commit 719d93cd5f ("kvm/irqchip: Speed up KVM_SET_GSI_ROUTING",
2014-01-16).
However, the docs are overly conservative. You can have an SRCU instance
only has users in irq context, and you can mix process and irq context
as long as process context users disable interrupts. In addition,
__srcu_read_unlock() actually uses this_cpu_dec() on both Tree SRCU and
Classic SRCU. For those two implementations, only srcu_read_lock()
is unsafe.
When Classic SRCU's __srcu_read_unlock() was changed to use this_cpu_dec(),
in commit 5a41344a3d ("srcu: Simplify __srcu_read_unlock() via
this_cpu_dec()", 2012-11-29), __srcu_read_lock() did two increments.
Therefore it kept __this_cpu_inc(), with preempt_disable/enable in
the caller. Tree SRCU however only does one increment, so on most
architectures it is more efficient for __srcu_read_lock() to use
this_cpu_inc(), and any performance differences appear to be down in
the noise.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 719d93cd5f ("kvm/irqchip: Speed up KVM_SET_GSI_ROUTING")
Reported-by: Linu Cherian <linuc.decode@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Linu Cherian <linuc.decode@gmail.com>
Cc: kvm@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Linu Cherian reported a WARN in cleanup_srcu_struct() when shutting
down a guest running iperf on a VFIO assigned device. This happens
because irqfd_wakeup() calls srcu_read_lock(&kvm->irq_srcu) in interrupt
context, while a worker thread does the same inside kvm_set_irq(). If the
interrupt happens while the worker thread is executing __srcu_read_lock(),
updates to the Classic SRCU ->lock_count[] field or the Tree SRCU
->srcu_lock_count[] field can be lost.
The docs say you are not supposed to call srcu_read_lock() and
srcu_read_unlock() from irq context, but KVM interrupt injection happens
from (host) interrupt context and it would be nice if SRCU supported the
use case. KVM is using SRCU here not really for the "sleepable" part,
but rather due to its IPI-free fast detection of grace periods. It is
therefore not desirable to switch back to RCU, which would effectively
revert commit 719d93cd5f ("kvm/irqchip: Speed up KVM_SET_GSI_ROUTING",
2014-01-16).
However, the docs are overly conservative. You can have an SRCU instance
only has users in irq context, and you can mix process and irq context
as long as process context users disable interrupts. In addition,
__srcu_read_unlock() actually uses this_cpu_dec() on both Tree SRCU and
Classic SRCU. For those two implementations, only srcu_read_lock()
is unsafe.
When Classic SRCU's __srcu_read_unlock() was changed to use this_cpu_dec(),
in commit 5a41344a3d ("srcu: Simplify __srcu_read_unlock() via
this_cpu_dec()", 2012-11-29), __srcu_read_lock() did two increments.
Therefore it kept __this_cpu_inc(), with preempt_disable/enable in
the caller. Tree SRCU however only does one increment, so on most
architectures it is more efficient for __srcu_read_lock() to use
this_cpu_inc(), and any performance differences appear to be down in
the noise.
Unlike Classic and Tree SRCU, Tiny SRCU does increments and decrements on
a single variable. Therefore, as Peter Zijlstra pointed out, Tiny SRCU's
implementation already supports mixed-context use of srcu_read_lock()
and srcu_read_unlock(), at least as long as uses of srcu_read_lock()
and srcu_read_unlock() in each handler are nested and paired properly.
In other words, it is still illegal to (say) invoke srcu_read_lock()
in an interrupt handler and to invoke the matching srcu_read_unlock()
in a softirq handler. Therefore, the only change required for Tiny SRCU
is to its comments.
Fixes: 719d93cd5f ("kvm/irqchip: Speed up KVM_SET_GSI_ROUTING")
Reported-by: Linu Cherian <linuc.decode@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Linu Cherian <linuc.decode@gmail.com>
Cc: kvm@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Pull RCU updates from Ingo Molnar:
"The main changes are:
- Debloat RCU headers
- Parallelize SRCU callback handling (plus overlapping patches)
- Improve the performance of Tree SRCU on a CPU-hotplug stress test
- Documentation updates
- Miscellaneous fixes"
* 'core-rcu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (74 commits)
rcu: Open-code the rcu_cblist_n_lazy_cbs() function
rcu: Open-code the rcu_cblist_n_cbs() function
rcu: Open-code the rcu_cblist_empty() function
rcu: Separately compile large rcu_segcblist functions
srcu: Debloat the <linux/rcu_segcblist.h> header
srcu: Adjust default auto-expediting holdoff
srcu: Specify auto-expedite holdoff time
srcu: Expedite first synchronize_srcu() when idle
srcu: Expedited grace periods with reduced memory contention
srcu: Make rcutorture writer stalls print SRCU GP state
srcu: Exact tracking of srcu_data structures containing callbacks
srcu: Make SRCU be built by default
srcu: Fix Kconfig botch when SRCU not selected
rcu: Make non-preemptive schedule be Tasks RCU quiescent state
srcu: Expedite srcu_schedule_cbs_snp() callback invocation
srcu: Parallelize callback handling
kvm: Move srcu_struct fields to end of struct kvm
rcu: Fix typo in PER_RCU_NODE_PERIOD header comment
rcu: Use true/false in assignment to bool
rcu: Use bool value directly
...
Because the rcu_cblist_n_lazy_cbs() just samples the ->len_lazy counter,
and because the rcu_cblist structure is quite straightforward, it makes
sense to open-code rcu_cblist_n_lazy_cbs(p) as p->len_lazy, cutting out
a level of indirection. This commit makes this change.
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Because the rcu_cblist_n_cbs() just samples the ->len counter, and
because the rcu_cblist structure is quite straightforward, it makes
sense to open-code rcu_cblist_n_cbs(p) as p->len, cutting out a level
of indirection. This commit makes this change.
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Because the rcu_cblist_empty() just samples the ->head pointer, and
because the rcu_cblist structure is quite straightforward, it makes
sense to open-code rcu_cblist_empty(p) as !p->head, cutting out a
level of indirection. This commit makes this change.
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This commit creates a new kernel/rcu/rcu_segcblist.c file that
contains non-trivial segcblist functions. Trivial functions
remain as static inline functions in kernel/rcu/rcu_segcblist.h
Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Linus noticed that the <linux/rcu_segcblist.h> has huge inline functions
which should not be inline at all.
As a first step in cleaning this up, move them all to kernel/rcu/ and
only keep an absolute minimum of data type defines in the header:
before: -rw-r--r-- 1 mingo mingo 22284 May 2 10:25 include/linux/rcu_segcblist.h
after: -rw-r--r-- 1 mingo mingo 3180 May 2 10:22 include/linux/rcu_segcblist.h
More can be done, such as uninlining the large functions, which inlining
is unjustified even if it's an RCU internal matter.
Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The default value for the kernel boot parameter srcutree.exp_holdoff
is 50 microseconds, which is too long for good Tree SRCU performance
(compared to Classic SRCU) on the workloads tested by Mike Galbraith.
This commit therefore sets the default value to 25 microseconds, which
shows excellent results in Mike's testing.
Reported-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
On small systems, in the absence of readers, expedited SRCU grace
periods can complete in less than a microsecond. This means that an
eight-CPU system can have all CPUs doing synchronize_srcu() in a tight
loop and almost always expedite. This might actually be desirable in
some situations, but in general it is a good way to needlessly burn
CPU cycles. And in those situations where it is desirable, your friend
is the function synchronize_srcu_expedited().
For other situations, this commit adds a kernel parameter that specifies
a holdoff between completing the last SRCU grace period and auto-expediting
the next. If the next grace period starts before the holdoff expires,
auto-expediting is disabled. The holdoff is 50 microseconds by default,
and can be tuned to the desired number of nanoseconds. A value of zero
disables auto-expediting.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Classic SRCU in effect expedites the first synchronize_srcu() when SRCU
is idle, and Mike Galbraith demonstrated that some use cases do in fact
rely on this behavior. In particular, Mike showed that Steven Rostedt's
hotplug stress script takes 55 seconds with Classic SRCU and more than
16 -minutes- when running Tree SRCU. Assuming that each Tree SRCU's call
to synchronize_srcu() takes four milliseconds, this implies that Steven's
test invokes synchronize_srcu() in isolation, but more than once per
200 microseconds. Mike used ftrace to demonstrate that the time between
successive calls to synchronize_srcu() ranged from 118 to 342 microseconds,
with one outlier at 80 milliseconds. This data clearly indicates that
Tree SRCU needs to expedite the first invocation of synchronize_srcu()
during an SRCU idle period.
This commit therefor introduces a srcu_might_be_idle() function that
probabilistically checks whether or not SRCU is idle. This function is
used by synchronize_rcu() as an additional criterion in deciding whether
or not to expedite.
(Hat trick to Peter Zijlstra for his earlier suggestion that this might
in fact be a problem. Which for all I know might have motivated Mike to
look into it.)
Reported-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Commit f60d231a87 ("srcu: Crude control of expedited grace periods")
introduced a per-srcu_struct atomic counter to track outstanding
requests for grace periods. This works, but represents a memory-contention
bottleneck. This commit therefore uses the srcu_node combining tree
to remove this bottleneck.
This commit adds new ->srcu_gp_seq_needed_exp fields to the
srcu_data, srcu_node, and srcu_struct structures, which track the
farthest-in-the-future grace period that must be expedited, which in
turn requires that all nearer-term grace periods also be expedited.
Requests for expediting start with the srcu_data structure, run up
through the srcu_node tree, and end at the srcu_struct structure.
Note that it may be necessary to expedite a grace period that just
now started, and this is handled by a new srcu_funnel_exp_start()
function, which is invoked when the grace period itself is already
in its way, but when that grace period was not marked as expedited.
A new srcu_get_delay() function returns zero if there is at least one
expedited SRCU grace period in flight, or SRCU_INTERVAL otherwise.
This function is used to calculate delays: Normal grace periods
are allowed to extend in order to cover more requests with a given
grace-period computation, which decreases per-request overhead.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
In the past, SRCU was simple enough that there was little point in
making the rcutorture writer stall messages print the SRCU grace-period
number state. With the advent of Tree SRCU, this has changed. This
commit therefore makes Classic, Tiny, and Tree SRCU report this state
to rcutorture as needed.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
The current Tree SRCU implementation schedules a workqueue for every
srcu_data covered by a given leaf srcu_node structure having callbacks,
even if only one of those srcu_data structures actually contains
callbacks. This is clearly inefficient for workloads that don't feature
callbacks everywhere all the time. This commit therefore adds an array
of masks that are used by the leaf srcu_node structures to track exactly
which srcu_data structures contain callbacks.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Currently, a call to schedule() acts as a Tasks RCU quiescent state
only if a context switch actually takes place. However, just the
call to schedule() guarantees that the calling task has moved off of
whatever tracing trampoline that it might have been one previously.
This commit therefore plumbs schedule()'s "preempt" parameter into
rcu_note_context_switch(), which then records the Tasks RCU quiescent
state, but only if this call to schedule() was -not- due to a preemption.
To avoid adding overhead to the common-case context-switch path,
this commit hides the rcu_note_context_switch() check under an existing
non-common-case check.
Suggested-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Although Tree SRCU does reduce delays when there is at least one
synchronize_srcu_expedited() invocation pending, srcu_schedule_cbs_snp()
still waits for SRCU_INTERVAL before invoking callbacks. Since
synchronize_srcu_expedited() now posts a callback and waits for
that callback to do a wakeup, this destroys the expedited nature of
synchronize_srcu_expedited(). This destruction became apparent to
Marc Zyngier in the guise of a guest-OS bootup slowdown from five
seconds to no fewer than forty seconds.
This commit therefore invokes callbacks immediately at the end of the
grace period when there is at least one synchronize_srcu_expedited()
invocation pending. This brought Marc's guest-OS bootup times back
into the realm of reason.
Reported-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Peter Zijlstra proposed using SRCU to reduce mmap_sem contention [1,2],
however, there are workloads that could result in a high volume of
concurrent invocations of call_srcu(), which with current SRCU would
result in excessive lock contention on the srcu_struct structure's
->queue_lock, which protects SRCU's callback lists. This commit therefore
moves SRCU to per-CPU callback lists, thus greatly reducing contention.
Because a given SRCU instance no longer has a single centralized callback
list, starting grace periods and invoking callbacks are both more complex
than in the single-list Classic SRCU implementation. Starting grace
periods and handling callbacks are now handled using an srcu_node tree
that is in some ways similar to the rcu_node trees used by RCU-bh,
RCU-preempt, and RCU-sched (for example, the srcu_node tree shape is
controlled by exactly the same Kconfig options and boot parameters that
control the shape of the rcu_node tree).
In addition, the old per-CPU srcu_array structure is now named srcu_data
and contains an rcu_segcblist structure named ->srcu_cblist for its
callbacks (and a spinlock to protect this). The srcu_struct gets
an srcu_gp_seq that is used to associate callback segments with the
corresponding completion-time grace-period number. These completion-time
grace-period numbers are propagated up the srcu_node tree so that the
grace-period workqueue handler can determine whether additional grace
periods are needed on the one hand and where to look for callbacks that
are ready to be invoked.
The srcu_barrier() function must now wait on all instances of the per-CPU
->srcu_cblist. Because each ->srcu_cblist is protected by ->lock,
srcu_barrier() can remotely add the needed callbacks. In theory,
it could also remotely start grace periods, but in practice doing so
is complex and racy. And interestingly enough, it is never necessary
for srcu_barrier() to start a grace period because srcu_barrier() only
enqueues a callback when a callback is already present--and it turns out
that a grace period has to have already been started for this pre-existing
callback. Furthermore, it is only the callback that srcu_barrier()
needs to wait on, not any particular grace period. Therefore, a new
rcu_segcblist_entrain() function enqueues the srcu_barrier() function's
callback into the same segment occupied by the last pre-existing callback
in the list. The special case where all the pre-existing callbacks are
on a different list (because they are in the process of being invoked)
is handled by enqueuing srcu_barrier()'s callback into the RCU_DONE_TAIL
segment, relying on the done-callbacks check that takes place after all
callbacks are inovked.
Note that the readers use the same algorithm as before. Note that there
is a separate srcu_idx that tells the readers what counter to increment.
This unfortunately cannot be combined with srcu_gp_seq because they
need to be incremented at different times.
This commit introduces some ugly #ifdefs in rcutorture. These will go
away when I feel good enough about Tree SRCU to ditch Classic SRCU.
Some crude performance comparisons, courtesy of a quickly hacked rcuperf
asynchronous-grace-period capability:
Callback Queuing Overhead
-------------------------
# CPUS Classic SRCU Tree SRCU
------ ------------ ---------
2 0.349 us 0.342 us
16 31.66 us 0.4 us
41 --------- 0.417 us
The times are the 90th percentiles, a statistic that was chosen to reject
the overheads of the occasional srcu_barrier() call needed to avoid OOMing
the test machine. The rcuperf test hangs when running Classic SRCU at 41
CPUs, hence the line of dashes. Despite the hacks to both the rcuperf code
and that statistics, this is a convincing demonstration of Tree SRCU's
performance and scalability advantages.
[1] https://lwn.net/Articles/309030/
[2] https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/5108281/
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[ paulmck: Fix initialization if synchronize_srcu_expedited() called first. ]
This commit just changes a "the the" to "the" to reduce repetition.
Reported-by: Michalis Kokologiannakis <mixaskok@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit makes the parse_rcu_nocb_poll() function assign true
(rather than the constant 1) to the bool variable rcu_nocb_poll.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Mc Guire <der.herr@hofr.at>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The beenonline variable is declared bool so there is no need for an
explicit comparison, especially not against the constant zero.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Mc Guire <der.herr@hofr.at>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The rcu_nocb_gp_cleanup() function is now invoked elsewhere, so this
commit drags this comment into the year 2017.
Reported-by: Michalis Kokologiannakis <mixaskok@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The TREE_SRCU rewrite is large and a bit on the non-simple side, so
this commit helps reduce risk by allowing the old v4.11 SRCU algorithm
to be selected using a new CLASSIC_SRCU Kconfig option that depends
on RCU_EXPERT. The default is to use the new TREE_SRCU and TINY_SRCU
algorithms, in order to help get these the testing that they need.
However, if your users do not require the update-side scalability that
is to be provided by TREE_SRCU, select RCU_EXPERT and then CLASSIC_SRCU
to revert back to the old classic SRCU algorithm.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The srcu_torture_stats() function is adapted to the specific srcu_struct
layout traditionally used by SRCU. This commit therefore adds support
for Tiny SRCU.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
In response to automated complaints about modifications to SRCU
increasing its size, this commit creates a tiny SRCU that is
used in SMP=n && PREEMPT=n builds.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
SRCU's implementation of expedited grace periods has always assumed
that the SRCU instance is idle when the expedited request arrives.
This commit improves this a bit by maintaining a count of the number
of outstanding expedited requests, thus allowing prior non-expedited
grace periods accommodate these requests by shifting to expedited mode.
However, any non-expedited wait already in progress will still wait for
the full duration.
Improved control of expedited grace periods is planned, but one step
at a time.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Updating ->srcu_state and ->srcu_gp_seq will lead to extremely complex
race conditions given multiple callback queues, so this commit takes
advantage of the two-bit state now available in rcu_seq counters to
store the state in the bottom two bits of ->srcu_gp_seq.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit increases the number of reserved bits at the bottom of an
rcu_seq grace-period counter from one to two, as will be needed to
accommodate SRCU's three-state grace periods.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The expedited grace-period code contains several open-coded shifts
know the format of an rcu_seq grace-period counter, which is not
particularly good style. This commit therefore creates a new
rcu_seq_ctr() function that extracts the counter portion of the
counter, and an rcu_seq_state() function that extracts the low-order
state bit. This commit prepares for SRCU callback parallelization,
which will require two state bits.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit makes the num_rcu_lvl[] array external so that SRCU can
make use of it for initializing its upcoming srcu_node tree.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit moves rcu_for_each_node_breadth_first(),
rcu_for_each_nonleaf_node_breadth_first(), and
rcu_for_each_leaf_node() from kernel/rcu/tree.h to
kernel/rcu/rcu.h so that SRCU can access them.
This commit is code-movement only.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit moves the rcu_init_levelspread() function from
kernel/rcu/tree.c to kernel/rcu/rcu.h so that SRCU can access it. This is
another step towards enabling SRCU to create its own combining tree.
This commit is code-movement only, give or take knock-on adjustments.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit moves the C preprocessor code that defines the default shape
of the rcu_node combining tree to a new include/linux/rcu_node_tree.h
file as a first step towards enabling SRCU to create its own combining
tree, which in turn enables SRCU to implement per-CPU callback handling,
thus avoiding contention on the lock currently guarding the single list
of callbacks. Note that users of SRCU still need to know the size of
the srcu_struct structure, hence include/linux rather than kernel/rcu.
This commit is code-movement only.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit switches SRCU from custom-built callback queues to the new
rcu_segcblist structure. This change associates grace-period sequence
numbers with groups of callbacks, which will be needed for efficient
processing of per-CPU callbacks.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit adds grace-period sequence numbers, which will be used to
handle mid-boot grace periods and per-CPU callback lists.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The current SRCU grace-period processing might never reach the last
portion of srcu_advance_batches(). This is OK given the current
implementation, as the first portion, up to the try_check_zero()
following the srcu_flip() is sufficient to drive grace periods forward.
However, it has the unfortunate side-effect of making it impossible to
determine when a given grace period has ended, and it will be necessary
to efficiently trace ends of grace periods in order to efficiently handle
per-CPU SRCU callback lists.
This commit therefore adds states to the SRCU grace-period processing,
so that the end of a given SRCU grace period is marked by the transition
to the SRCU_STATE_DONE state.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit simplifies the SRCU state machine by pushing the
srcu_advance_batches() idle-SRCU fastpath into the common case. This is
done by giving srcu_reschedule() a delay parameter, which is zero in
the call from srcu_advance_batches().
This commit is a step towards numbering callbacks in order to
efficiently handle per-CPU callback lists.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The rcu_seq_end() function increments seq signifying completion
of a grace period, after that checks that the seq is even and wakes
_synchronize_rcu_expedited(). The _synchronize_rcu_expedited() function
uses wait_event() to wait for even seq. The problem is that wait_event()
can return as soon as seq becomes even without waiting for the wakeup.
In such case the warning in rcu_seq_end() can falsely fire if the next
expedited grace period starts before the check.
Check that seq has good value before incrementing it.
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: syzkaller@googlegroups.com
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: jiangshanlai@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
---
syzkaller-triggered warning:
WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 4832 at kernel/rcu/tree.c:3533
rcu_seq_end+0x110/0x140 kernel/rcu/tree.c:3533
CPU: 0 PID: 4832 Comm: kworker/0:3 Not tainted 4.10.0+ #276
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS Bochs 01/01/2011
Workqueue: events wait_rcu_exp_gp
Call Trace:
__dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:15 [inline]
dump_stack+0x2ee/0x3ef lib/dump_stack.c:51
panic+0x1fb/0x412 kernel/panic.c:179
__warn+0x1c4/0x1e0 kernel/panic.c:540
warn_slowpath_null+0x2c/0x40 kernel/panic.c:583
rcu_seq_end+0x110/0x140 kernel/rcu/tree.c:3533
rcu_exp_gp_seq_end kernel/rcu/tree_exp.h:36 [inline]
rcu_exp_wait_wake+0x8a9/0x1330 kernel/rcu/tree_exp.h:517
rcu_exp_sel_wait_wake kernel/rcu/tree_exp.h:559 [inline]
wait_rcu_exp_gp+0x83/0xc0 kernel/rcu/tree_exp.h:570
process_one_work+0xc06/0x1c20 kernel/workqueue.c:2096
worker_thread+0x223/0x19c0 kernel/workqueue.c:2230
kthread+0x326/0x3f0 kernel/kthread.c:227
ret_from_fork+0x31/0x40 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:430
---
Expedited grace periods use workqueue handlers that wake up the requesters,
but there is no lock mediating this wakeup. Therefore, memory barriers
are required to ensure that the handler's memory references are seen by
all to occur before synchronize_*_expedited() returns to its caller.
Possibly detected by syzkaller.
Reported-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit moves rcu_seq_start(), rcu_seq_end(), rcu_seq_snap(),
and rcu_seq_done() from kernel/rcu/tree.c to kernel/rcu/rcu.h.
This will allow SRCU to use these functions, which in turn will
allow SRCU to move from a single global callback queue to a
per-CPU callback queue.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit adds single-element dequeue functions to rcu_segcblist.
These are less efficient than using the extract and insert functions,
but allow more precise debugging code. These functions are thus
expected to be used only in debug builds, for example, CONFIG_PROVE_RCU.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit checks for pre-scheduler state, and if that early in the
boot process, synchronize_srcu() and friends are no-ops.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This is primarily a code-movement commit in preparation for allowing
SRCU to handle early-boot SRCU grace periods.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
RCU has only one multi-tail callback list, which is implemented via
the nxtlist, nxttail, nxtcompleted, qlen_lazy, and qlen fields in the
rcu_data structure, and whose operations are open-code throughout the
Tree RCU implementation. This has been more or less OK in the past,
but upcoming callback-list optimizations in SRCU could really use
a multi-tail callback list there as well.
This commit therefore abstracts the multi-tail callback list handling
into a new kernel/rcu/rcu_segcblist.h file, and uses this new API.
The simple head-and-tail pointer callback list is also abstracted and
applied everywhere except for the NOCB callback-offload lists. (Yes,
the plan is to apply them there as well, but this commit is already
bigger than would be good.)
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
If the RCU_EXPERT Kconfig option is not set (the default), then the
RCU_FANOUT_LEAF Kconfig option will not be defined, which will cause
the leaf-level rcu_node tree fanout to default to 32 on 32-bit systems
and 64 on 64-bit systems. This can result in excessive lock contention.
This commit therefore changes the computation of the leaf-level rcu_node
tree fanout so that the result will be 16 unless an explicit Kconfig or
kernel-boot setting says otherwise.
Reported-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The rcu_all_qs() and rcu_note_context_switch() do a series of checks,
taking various actions to supply RCU with quiescent states, depending
on the outcomes of the various checks. This is a bit much for scheduling
fastpaths, so this commit creates a separate ->rcu_urgent_qs field in
the rcu_dynticks structure that acts as a global guard for these checks.
Thus, in the common case, rcu_all_qs() and rcu_note_context_switch()
check the ->rcu_urgent_qs field, find it false, and simply return.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
The rcu_momentary_dyntick_idle() function scans the RCU flavors, checking
that one of them still needs a quiescent state before doing an expensive
atomic operation on the ->dynticks counter. However, this check reduces
overhead only after a rare race condition, and increases complexity. This
commit therefore removes the scan and the mechanism enabling the scan.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The rcu_qs_ctr variable is yet another isolated per-CPU variable,
so this commit pulls it into the pre-existing rcu_dynticks per-CPU
structure.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The rcu_sched_qs_mask variable is yet another isolated per-CPU variable,
so this commit pulls it into the pre-existing rcu_dynticks per-CPU
structure.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The current use of "RCU_TRACE(statement);" can cause odd bugs, especially
where "statement" is a local-variable declaration, as it can leave a
misplaced ";" in the source code. This commit therefore converts these
to "RCU_TRACE(statement;)", which avoids the misplaced ";".
Reported-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The current use of "RCU_TRACE(statement);" can cause odd bugs, especially
where "statement" is a local-variable declaration, as it can leave a
misplaced ";" in the source code. This commit therefore converts these
to "RCU_TRACE(statement;)", which avoids the misplaced ";".
Reported-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The current use of "RCU_TRACE(statement);" can cause odd bugs, especially
where "statement" is a local-variable declaration, as it can leave a
misplaced ";" in the source code. This commit therefore converts these
to "RCU_TRACE(statement;)", which avoids the misplaced ";".
Reported-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Users of SRCU are obliged to complete all grace-period activity before
invoking cleanup_srcu_struct(). This means that all calls to either
synchronize_srcu() or synchronize_srcu_expedited() must have returned,
and all calls to call_srcu() must have returned, and the last call to
call_srcu() must have been followed by a call to srcu_barrier().
Furthermore, the caller must have done something to prevent any
further calls to synchronize_srcu(), synchronize_srcu_expedited(),
and call_srcu().
Therefore, if there has ever been an invocation of call_srcu() on
the srcu_struct in question, the sequence of events must be as
follows:
1. Prevent any further calls to call_srcu().
2. Wait for any pre-existing call_srcu() invocations to return.
3. Invoke srcu_barrier().
4. It is now safe to invoke cleanup_srcu_struct().
On the other hand, if there has ever been a call to synchronize_srcu()
or synchronize_srcu_expedited(), the sequence of events must be as
follows:
1. Prevent any further calls to synchronize_srcu() or
synchronize_srcu_expedited().
2. Wait for any pre-existing synchronize_srcu() or
synchronize_srcu_expedited() invocations to return.
3. It is now safe to invoke cleanup_srcu_struct().
If there have been calls to all both types of functions (call_srcu()
and either of synchronize_srcu() and synchronize_srcu_expedited()), then
the caller must do the first three steps of the call_srcu() procedure
above and the first two steps of the synchronize_s*() procedure above,
and only then invoke cleanup_srcu_struct().
Note that cleanup_srcu_struct() does some probabilistic checks
for the caller failing to follow these procedures, in which case
cleanup_srcu_struct() does WARN_ON() and avoids freeing the per-CPU
structures associated with the specified srcu_struct structure.
Reported-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
The srcu_reschedule() function invokes rcu_batch_empty() on each of
the four rcu_batch structures in the srcu_struct in question twice.
Given that this check will also be needed in cleanup_srcu_struct(), this
commit consolidates these four checks into a new rcu_all_batches_empty()
function.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Currently, IPIs are used to force other CPUs to invalidate their TLBs
in response to a kernel virtual-memory mapping change. This works, but
degrades both battery lifetime (for idle CPUs) and real-time response
(for nohz_full CPUs), and in addition results in unnecessary IPIs due to
the fact that CPUs executing in usermode are unaffected by stale kernel
mappings. It would be better to cause a CPU executing in usermode to
wait until it is entering kernel mode to do the flush, first to avoid
interrupting usemode tasks and second to handle multiple flush requests
with a single flush in the case of a long-running user task.
This commit therefore reserves a bit at the bottom of the ->dynticks
counter, which is checked upon exit from extended quiescent states.
If it is set, it is cleared and then a new rcu_eqs_special_exit() macro is
invoked, which, if not supplied, is an empty single-pass do-while loop.
If this bottom bit is set on -entry- to an extended quiescent state,
then a WARN_ON_ONCE() triggers.
This bottom bit may be set using a new rcu_eqs_special_set() function,
which returns true if the bit was set, or false if the CPU turned
out to not be in an extended quiescent state. Please note that this
function refuses to set the bit for a non-nohz_full CPU when that CPU
is executing in usermode because usermode execution is tracked by RCU
as a dyntick-idle extended quiescent state only for nohz_full CPUs.
Reported-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Tracing uses rcu_irq_enter() as a way to make sure that RCU is watching when
it needs to use rcu_read_lock() and friends. This is because tracing can
happen as RCU is about to enter user space, or about to go idle, and RCU
does not watch for RCU read side critical sections as it makes the
transition.
There is a small location within the RCU infrastructure that rcu_irq_enter()
itself will not work. If tracing were to occur in that section it will break
if it tries to use rcu_irq_enter().
Originally, this happens with the stack_tracer, because it will call
save_stack_trace when it encounters stack usage that is greater than any
stack usage it had encountered previously. There was a case where that
happened in the RCU section where rcu_irq_enter() did not work, and lockdep
complained loudly about it. To fix it, stack tracing added a call to be
disabled and RCU would disable stack tracing during the critical section
that rcu_irq_enter() was inoperable. This solution worked, but there are
other cases that use rcu_irq_enter() and it would be a good idea to let RCU
give a way to let others know that rcu_irq_enter() will not work. For
example, in trace events.
Another helpful aspect of this change is that it also moves the per cpu
variable called in the RCU critical section into a cache locale along with
other RCU per cpu variables used in that same location.
I'm keeping the stack_trace_disable() code, as that still could be used in
the future by places that really need to disable it. And since it's only a
static inline, it wont take up any kernel text if it is not used.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170405093207.404f8deb@gandalf.local.home
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The tracing subsystem started using rcu_irq_entry() and rcu_irq_exit()
(with my blessing) to allow the current _rcuidle alternative tracepoint
name to be dispensed with while still maintaining good performance.
Unfortunately, this causes RCU's dyntick-idle entry code's tracing to
appear to RCU like an interrupt that occurs where RCU is not designed
to handle interrupts.
This commit fixes this problem by moving the zeroing of ->dynticks_nesting
after the offending trace_rcu_dyntick() statement, which narrows the
window of vulnerability to a pair of adjacent statements that are now
marked with comments to that effect.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170405093207.404f8deb@gandalf.local.home
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170405193928.GM1600@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Reported-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
We are going to split <linux/sched/debug.h> out of <linux/sched.h>, which
will have to be picked up from other headers and a couple of .c files.
Create a trivial placeholder <linux/sched/debug.h> file that just
maps to <linux/sched.h> to make this patch obviously correct and
bisectable.
Include the new header in the files that are going to need it.
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Fix up affected files that include this signal functionality via sched.h.
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Fix up missing #includes in other places that rely on sched.h doing that for them.
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
We are going to split <linux/sched/signal.h> out of <linux/sched.h>, which
will have to be picked up from other headers and a couple of .c files.
Create a trivial placeholder <linux/sched/signal.h> file that just
maps to <linux/sched.h> to make this patch obviously correct and
bisectable.
Include the new header in the files that are going to need it.
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
We are going to move scheduler ABI details to <uapi/linux/sched/types.h>,
which will be used from a number of .c files.
Create empty placeholder header that maps to <linux/types.h>.
Include the new header in the files that are going to need it.
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
So rcupdate.h is a pretty complex header, in particular it includes
<linux/completion.h> which includes <linux/wait.h> - creating a
dependency that includes <linux/wait.h> in <linux/sched.h>,
which prevents the isolation of <linux/sched.h> from the derived
<linux/wait.h> header.
Solve part of the problem by decoupling rcupdate.h from completions:
this can be done by separating out the rcu_synchronize types and APIs,
and updating their usage sites.
Since this is a mostly RCU-internal types this will not just simplify
<linux/sched.h>'s dependencies, but will make all the hundreds of
.c files that include rcupdate.h but not completions or wait.h build
faster.
( For rcutiny this means that two dependent APIs have to be uninlined,
but that shouldn't be much of a problem as they are rare variants. )
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Because there are no memory barriers between the srcu_flip() ->completed
increment and the summation of the read-side ->unlock_count[] counters,
both the compiler and the CPU can reorder the summation with the
->completed increment. If the updater is preempted long enough during
this process, the read-side counters could overflow, resulting in a
too-short grace period.
This commit therefore adds a memory barrier just after the ->completed
increment, ensuring that if the summation misses an increment of
->unlock_count[] from __srcu_read_unlock(), the next __srcu_read_lock()
will see the new value of ->completed, thus bounding the number of
->unlock_count[] increments that can be missed to NR_CPUS. The actual
overflow computation is more complex due to the possibility of nesting
of __srcu_read_lock().
Reported-by: Lance Roy <ldr709@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
If a process invokes synchronize_srcu(), is delayed just the right amount
of time, and thus does not sleep when waiting for the grace period to
complete, there is no ordering between the end of the grace period and
the code following the synchronize_srcu(). Similarly, there can be a
lack of ordering between the end of the SRCU grace period and callback
invocation.
This commit adds the necessary ordering.
Reported-by: Lance Roy <ldr709@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[ paulmck: Further smp_mb() adjustment per email with Lance Roy. ]
SRCU uses two per-cpu counters: a nesting counter to count the number of
active critical sections, and a sequence counter to ensure that the nesting
counters don't change while they are being added together in
srcu_readers_active_idx_check().
This patch instead uses per-cpu lock and unlock counters. Because both
counters only increase and srcu_readers_active_idx_check() reads the unlock
counter before the lock counter, this achieves the same end without having
to increment two different counters in srcu_read_lock(). This also saves a
smp_mb() in srcu_readers_active_idx_check().
Possible bug: There is no guarantee that the lock counter won't overflow
during srcu_readers_active_idx_check(), as there are no memory barriers
around srcu_flip() (see comment in srcu_readers_active_idx_check() for
details). However, this problem was already present before this patch.
Suggested-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Signed-off-by: Lance Roy <ldr709@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Commit 7ec99de36f ("rcu: Provide exact CPU-online tracking for RCU"),
as its title suggests, got rid of RCU's remaining CPU-hotplug timing
guesswork. This commit therefore removes the one-jiffy kludge that was
used to paper over this guesswork.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Commit 4a81e8328d ("rcu: Reduce overhead of cond_resched() checks
for RCU") moved quiescent-state generation out of cond_resched()
and commit bde6c3aa99 ("rcu: Provide cond_resched_rcu_qs() to force
quiescent states in long loops") introduced cond_resched_rcu_qs(), and
commit 5cd37193ce ("rcu: Make cond_resched_rcu_qs() apply to normal RCU
flavors") introduced the per-CPU rcu_qs_ctr variable, which is frequently
polled by the RCU core state machine.
This frequent polling can increase grace-period rate, which in turn
increases grace-period overhead, which is visible in some benchmarks
(for example, the "open1" benchmark in Anton Blanchard's "will it scale"
suite). This commit therefore reduces the rate at which rcu_qs_ctr
is polled by moving that polling into the force-quiescent-state (FQS)
machinery, and by further polling it only after the grace period has
been in effect for at least jiffies_till_sched_qs jiffies.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
This commit is the fourth step towards full abstraction of all accesses
to the ->dynticks counter, implementing previously open-coded checks and
comparisons in new rcu_dynticks_in_eqs() and rcu_dynticks_in_eqs_since()
functions. This abstraction will ease changes to the ->dynticks counter
operation.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
This commit is the third step towards full abstraction of all accesses
to the ->dynticks counter, implementing the previously open-coded atomic
add of 1 and entry checks in a new rcu_dynticks_eqs_enter() function, and
the same but with exit checks in a new rcu_dynticks_eqs_exit() function.
This abstraction will ease changes to the ->dynticks counter operation.
Note that this commit gets rid of the smp_mb__before_atomic() and the
smp_mb__after_atomic() calls that were previously present. The reason
that this is OK from a memory-ordering perspective is that the atomic
operation is now atomic_add_return(), which, as a value-returning atomic,
guarantees full ordering.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[ paulmck: Fixed RCU_TRACE() statements added by this commit. ]
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
The non-expedited synchronize_*rcu() primitives have lockdep checks, but
their expedited counterparts lack these checks. This commit therefore
adds these checks to the expedited synchronize_*rcu() primitives.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Expedited grace periods no longer fall back to normal grace periods
in response to lock contention, given that expedited grace periods
now use the rcu_node tree so as to avoid contention. This commit
therfore removes the expedited_normal counter.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
It used to be that the rcuo callback-offload kthreads were spawned
in rcu_organize_nocb_kthreads(), and the comment before the "for"
loop says as much. However, this spawning has long since moved to
the CPU-hotplug code, so this commit fixes this comment.
Reported-by: Michalis Kokologiannakis <mixaskok@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
The rcu_cpu_starting() function uses this_cpu_ptr() to locate the
incoming CPU's rcu_data structure. This works for the boot CPU and for
all CPUs onlined after rcu_init() executes (during very early boot).
Currently, this is the full set of CPUs, so all is well. But if
anyone ever parallelizes boot before rcu_init() time, it will fail.
This commit therefore substitutes the rcu_cpu_starting() function's
this_cpu_pointer() for per_cpu_ptr(), future-proofing the code and
(arguably) improving readability.
This commit inadvertently fixes a latent bug: If there ever had been
more than just the boot CPU online at rcu_init() time, the old code
would not initialize the non-boot CPUs, but rather would repeatedly
initialize the boot CPU.
Reported-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
These functions (rcu_exp_gp_seq_start(), rcu_exp_gp_seq_end(),
rcu_exp_gp_seq_snap(), and rcu_exp_gp_seq_done() seemed too obvious
to comment when written, but not so much when being documented.
This commit therefore adds header comments to each of them.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Chris Friesen notice that rcuc/X kthreads were consuming CPU even on
NOCB CPUs. This makes no sense because the only purpose or these
kthreads is to invoke normal (non-offloaded) callbacks, of which there
will never be any on NOCB CPUs. This problem was due to a bug in
cpu_has_callbacks_ready_to_invoke(), which should have been checking
->nxttail[RCU_NEXT_TAIL] for NULL, but which was instead (incorrectly)
checking ->nxttail[RCU_DONE_TAIL]. Because ->nxttail[RCU_DONE_TAIL] is
never NULL, the only effect is to cause the rcuc/X kthread to execute
when it should not do so.
This commit therefore checks ->nxttail[RCU_NEXT_TAIL], which is NULL
for NOCB CPUs.
Reported-by: Chris Friesen <chris.friesen@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
This commit is for all intents and purposes a revert of bc1dce514e
("rcu: Don't use NMIs to dump other CPUs' stacks"). The reason to suppose
that this can now safely be reverted is the presence of 42a0bb3f71
("printk/nmi: generic solution for safe printk in NMI"), which is said
to have made NMI-based stack dumps safe.
However, this reversion keeps one nice property of bc1dce514e
("rcu: Don't use NMIs to dump other CPUs' stacks"), namely that
only those CPUs blocking the grace period are dumped. The new
trigger_single_cpu_backtrace() is used to make this happen, as
suggested by Josh Poimboeuf.
Reported-by: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Commit 4914950aaa ("rcu: Stop treating in-kernel CPU-bound workloads
as errors") added a (relatively) short-timeout call to resched_cpu().
This was inspired by as issue that was fixed by b7e7ade34e ("sched/core:
Fix remote wakeups"). But given that this issue was fixed, it is time
for the current commit to remove this call to resched_cpu().
Reported-by: Byungchul Park <byungchul.park@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
This commit prepares for the removal of short-term CPU kicking (in a
subsequent commit). It does so by starting to invoke resched_cpu()
for each holdout at each force-quiescent-state interval that is more
than halfway through the stall-warning interval.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Since commit 7ec99de36f ("rcu: Provide exact CPU-online tracking for
RCU"), the variable mask in rcu_init_percpu_data is set but no longer
used. Remove it to fix the following warning when building with 'W=1':
kernel/rcu/tree.c: In function ‘rcu_init_percpu_data’:
kernel/rcu/tree.c:3765:16: warning: variable ‘mask’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
Signed-off-by: Tobias Klauser <tklauser@distanz.ch>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
The declarations of __rcu_process_callbacks() and rcu_process_callbacks()
are not needed, as the definition of both of these functions appear before
any uses. This commit therefore removes both declarations.
Reported-by: "Ahmed, Iftekhar" <ahmedi@oregonstate.edu>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
The print_other_cpu_stall() function currently unconditionally invokes
rcu_print_detail_task_stall(). This is OK because if there was a stall
sufficient to cause print_other_cpu_stall() to be invoked, that stall
is very likely to persist through the entire print_other_cpu_stall()
execution. However, if the stall did not persist, the variable ndetected
will be zero, and that variable is already tested in an "if" statement.
Therefore, this commit moves the call to rcu_print_detail_task_stall()
under that pre-existing "if" to improve readability, with a very rare
reduction in overhead.
Signed-off-by: Byungchul Park <byungchul.park@lge.com>
[ paulmck: Reworked commit log. ]
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
RCU_EXPEDITE_BOOT should speed up the boot process by enforcing
synchronize_rcu_expedited() instead of synchronize_rcu() during the boot
process. There should be no reason why one does not want this and there
is no need worry about real time latency at this point.
Therefore make it default.
Note that users wishing to avoid expediting entirely, for example when
bringing up new hardware possibly having flaky IPIs, can use the
rcu_normal boot parameter to override boot-time expediting.
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
[ paulmck: Reworded commit log. ]
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
This commit is the second step towards full abstraction of all accesses to
the ->dynticks counter, implementing the previously open-coded atomic
add of zero in a new rcu_dynticks_snap() function. This abstraction will
ease changes o the ->dynticks counter operation.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
This commit is the first step towards full abstraction of all accesses to
the ->dynticks counter, implementing the previously open-coded atomic add
of two in a new rcu_dynticks_momentary_idle() function. This abstraction
will ease changes to the ->dynticks counter operation.
Note that this commit gets rid of the smp_mb__before_atomic() and the
smp_mb__after_atomic() calls that were previously present. The reason
that this is OK from a memory-ordering perspective is that the atomic
operation is now atomic_add_return(), which, as a value-returning atomic,
guarantees full ordering.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
The current preemptible RCU implementation goes through three phases
during bootup. In the first phase, there is only one CPU that is running
with preemption disabled, so that a no-op is a synchronous grace period.
In the second mid-boot phase, the scheduler is running, but RCU has
not yet gotten its kthreads spawned (and, for expedited grace periods,
workqueues are not yet running. During this time, any attempt to do
a synchronous grace period will hang the system (or complain bitterly,
depending). In the third and final phase, RCU is fully operational and
everything works normally.
This has been OK for some time, but there has recently been some
synchronous grace periods showing up during the second mid-boot phase.
This code worked "by accident" for awhile, but started failing as soon
as expedited RCU grace periods switched over to workqueues in commit
8b355e3bc1 ("rcu: Drive expedited grace periods from workqueue").
Note that the code was buggy even before this commit, as it was subject
to failure on real-time systems that forced all expedited grace periods
to run as normal grace periods (for example, using the rcu_normal ksysfs
parameter). The callchain from the failure case is as follows:
early_amd_iommu_init()
|-> acpi_put_table(ivrs_base);
|-> acpi_tb_put_table(table_desc);
|-> acpi_tb_invalidate_table(table_desc);
|-> acpi_tb_release_table(...)
|-> acpi_os_unmap_memory
|-> acpi_os_unmap_iomem
|-> acpi_os_map_cleanup
|-> synchronize_rcu_expedited
The kernel showing this callchain was built with CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU=y,
which caused the code to try using workqueues before they were
initialized, which did not go well.
This commit therefore reworks RCU to permit synchronous grace periods
to proceed during this mid-boot phase. This commit is therefore a
fix to a regression introduced in v4.9, and is therefore being put
forward post-merge-window in v4.10.
This commit sets a flag from the existing rcu_scheduler_starting()
function which causes all synchronous grace periods to take the expedited
path. The expedited path now checks this flag, using the requesting task
to drive the expedited grace period forward during the mid-boot phase.
Finally, this flag is updated by a core_initcall() function named
rcu_exp_runtime_mode(), which causes the runtime codepaths to be used.
Note that this arrangement assumes that tasks are not sent POSIX signals
(or anything similar) from the time that the first task is spawned
through core_initcall() time.
Fixes: 8b355e3bc1 ("rcu: Drive expedited grace periods from workqueue")
Reported-by: "Zheng, Lv" <lv.zheng@intel.com>
Reported-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Stan Kain <stan.kain@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Ivan <waffolz@hotmail.com>
Tested-by: Emanuel Castelo <emanuel.castelo@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Bruno Pesavento <bpesavento@infinito.it>
Tested-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Tested-by: Frederic Bezies <fredbezies@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 4.9.0-
It is now legal to invoke synchronize_sched() at early boot, which causes
Tiny RCU's synchronize_sched() to emit spurious splats. This commit
therefore removes the cond_resched() from Tiny RCU's synchronize_sched().
Fixes: 8b355e3bc1 ("rcu: Drive expedited grace periods from workqueue")
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 4.9.0-
The current code can result in spurious kicks when there are no grace
periods in progress and no grace-period-related requests. This is
sort of OK for a diagnostic aid, but the resulting ftrace-dump messages
in dmesg are annoying. This commit therefore avoids spurious kicks
in the common case.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Expedited grace periods check dyntick-idle state, and avoid sending
IPIs to idle CPUs, including those running guest OSes, and, on NOHZ_FULL
kernels, nohz_full CPUs. However, the kernel has been observed checking
a CPU while it was non-idle, but sending the IPI after it has gone
idle. This commit therefore rechecks idle state immediately before
sending the IPI, refraining from IPIing CPUs that have since gone idle.
Reported-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Although rcutorture will occasionally do a 50-millisecond grace-period
delay, these delays are quite rare. And rightly so, because otherwise
the read rate would be quite low. Thie means that it can be important
to identify whether or not a given run contained a long-delay read.
This commit therefore inserts a trace_rcu_torture_read() event to flag
runs containing long delays.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The __call_rcu() comment about opportunistically noting grace period
beginnings and endings is obsolete. RCU still does such opportunistic
noting, but in __call_rcu_core() rather than __call_rcu(), and there
already is an appropriate comment in __call_rcu_core(). This commit
therefore removes the obsolete comment.
Reported-by: Michalis Kokologiannakis <mixaskok@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
In the deep past, rcu_check_callbacks() was only invoked if rcu_pending()
returned true. Which was fine, but these days rcu_check_callbacks()
is invoked unconditionally. This commit therefore removes the obsolete
sentence from the header comment.
Reported-by: Michalis Kokologiannakis <mixaskok@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Commit 720abae3d6 ("rcu: force alignment on struct
callback_head/rcu_head") forced the rcu_head (AKA callback_head)
structure's alignment to pointer size, that is, to 4-byte boundaries on
32-bit systems and to 8-byte boundaries on 64-bit systems. This
commit therefore checks for this same alignment in __call_rcu(),
which used to contain a looser check for two-byte alignment.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
extract as much possible uncertainty from a running system at boot time as
possible, hoping to capitalize on any possible variation in CPU operation
(due to runtime data differences, hardware differences, SMP ordering,
thermal timing variation, cache behavior, etc).
At the very least, this plugin is a much more comprehensive example for
how to manipulate kernel code using the gcc plugin internals.
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Merge tag 'gcc-plugins-v4.9-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux
Pull gcc plugins update from Kees Cook:
"This adds a new gcc plugin named "latent_entropy". It is designed to
extract as much possible uncertainty from a running system at boot
time as possible, hoping to capitalize on any possible variation in
CPU operation (due to runtime data differences, hardware differences,
SMP ordering, thermal timing variation, cache behavior, etc).
At the very least, this plugin is a much more comprehensive example
for how to manipulate kernel code using the gcc plugin internals"
* tag 'gcc-plugins-v4.9-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux:
latent_entropy: Mark functions with __latent_entropy
gcc-plugins: Add latent_entropy plugin
The __latent_entropy gcc attribute can be used only on functions and
variables. If it is on a function then the plugin will instrument it for
gathering control-flow entropy. If the attribute is on a variable then
the plugin will initialize it with random contents. The variable must
be an integer, an integer array type or a structure with integer fields.
These specific functions have been selected because they are init
functions (to help gather boot-time entropy), are called at unpredictable
times, or they have variable loops, each of which provide some level of
latent entropy.
Signed-off-by: Emese Revfy <re.emese@gmail.com>
[kees: expanded commit message]
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Pull locking updates from Ingo Molnar:
"The main changes in this cycle were:
- rwsem micro-optimizations (Davidlohr Bueso)
- Improve the implementation and optimize the performance of
percpu-rwsems. (Peter Zijlstra.)
- Convert all lglock users to better facilities such as percpu-rwsems
or percpu-spinlocks and remove lglocks. (Peter Zijlstra)
- Remove the ticket (spin)lock implementation. (Peter Zijlstra)
- Korean translation of memory-barriers.txt and related fixes to the
English document. (SeongJae Park)
- misc fixes and cleanups"
* 'locking-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (24 commits)
x86/cmpxchg, locking/atomics: Remove superfluous definitions
x86, locking/spinlocks: Remove ticket (spin)lock implementation
locking/lglock: Remove lglock implementation
stop_machine: Remove stop_cpus_lock and lg_double_lock/unlock()
fs/locks: Use percpu_down_read_preempt_disable()
locking/percpu-rwsem: Add down_read_preempt_disable()
fs/locks: Replace lg_local with a per-cpu spinlock
fs/locks: Replace lg_global with a percpu-rwsem
locking/percpu-rwsem: Add DEFINE_STATIC_PERCPU_RWSEMand percpu_rwsem_assert_held()
locking/pv-qspinlock: Use cmpxchg_release() in __pv_queued_spin_unlock()
locking/rwsem, x86: Drop a bogus cc clobber
futex: Add some more function commentry
locking/hung_task: Show all locks
locking/rwsem: Scan the wait_list for readers only once
locking/rwsem: Remove a few useless comments
locking/rwsem: Return void in __rwsem_mark_wake()
locking, rcu, cgroup: Avoid synchronize_sched() in __cgroup_procs_write()
locking/Documentation: Add Korean translation
locking/Documentation: Fix a typo of example result
locking/Documentation: Fix wrong section reference
...
A few rcuperf dmesg output messages have no space between the flag and
the start of the message. In contrast, every other messages consistently
supplies a single space. This difference makes rcuperf dmesg output
hard to read and to mechanically parse. This commit therefore fixes
this problem by modifying a pr_alert() call and PERFOUT_STRING() macro
function to provide that single space.
Signed-off-by: SeongJae Park <sj38.park@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tests for rcu_barrier() were introduced by commit fae4b54f28 ("rcu:
Introduce rcutorture testing for rcu_barrier()"). This commit updated
the documentation to say that the "rtbe" field in rcutorture's dmesg
output indicates test failure. However, the code was not updated, only
the documentation. This commit therefore updates the code to match the
updated documentation.
Signed-off-by: SeongJae Park <sj38.park@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit adds a dump of the scheduler state for stalled rcutorture
writer tasks. This addition provides yet more debug for the intermittent
"failures to proceed", where grace periods move ahead but the rcutorture
writer tasks fail to do so.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Install the callbacks via the state machine and let the core invoke
the callbacks on the already online CPUs.
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Up to now, RCU has assumed that the CPU-online process makes it from
CPU_UP_PREPARE to set_cpu_online() within one jiffy. Given the recent
rise of virtualized environments, this assumption is very clearly
obsolete. Failing to meet this deadline can result in RCU paying
attention to an incoming CPU for one jiffy, then ignoring it until the
grace period following the one in which that CPU sets itself online.
This situation might prove to be fatally disappointing to any RCU
read-side critical sections that had the misfortune to execute during
the time in which RCU was ignoring the slow-to-come-online CPU.
This commit therefore updates RCU's internal CPU state-tracking
information at notify_cpu_starting() time, thus providing RCU with
an exact transition of the CPU's state from offline to online.
Note that this means that incoming CPUs must not use RCU read-side
critical section (other than those of SRCU) until notify_cpu_starting()
time. Note also that the CPU_STARTING notifiers -are- allowed to use
RCU read-side critical sections. (Of course, CPU-hotplug notifiers are
rapidly becoming obsolete, so you need to act fast!)
If a given architecture or CPU family needs to use RCU read-side
critical sections earlier, the call to rcu_cpu_starting() from
notify_cpu_starting() will need to be architecture-specific, with
architectures that need early use being required to hand-place
the call to rcu_cpu_starting() at some point preceding the call to
notify_cpu_starting().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Currently, __note_gp_changes() checks to see if the CPU has slept through
multiple grace periods. If it has, it resynchronizes that CPU's view
of the grace-period state, which includes whether or not the current
grace period needs a quiescent state from this CPU. The fact of this
need (or lack thereof) needs to be in two places, rdp->cpu_no_qs.b.norm
and rdp->core_needs_qs. The former tells RCU's context-switch code to
go get a quiescent state and the latter says that it needs to be reported.
The current code unconditionally sets the former to true, but correctly
sets the latter.
This does not result in failures, but it does unnecessarily increase
the amount of work done on average at context-switch time. This commit
therefore correctly sets both fields.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The Kconfig currently controlling compilation of tree.c is:
init/Kconfig:config TREE_RCU
init/Kconfig: bool
...and update.c and sync.c are "obj-y" meaning that none are ever
built as a module by anyone.
Since MODULE_ALIAS is a no-op for non-modular code, we can remove
them from these files.
We leave moduleparam.h behind since the files instantiate some boot
time configuration parameters with module_param() still.
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Commit abedf8e241 ("rcu: Use simple wait queues where possible in
rcutree") converts Tree RCU's wait queues to simple wait queues,
but it incorrectly reverts the commit 2aa792e6fa ("rcu: Use
rcu_gp_kthread_wake() to wake up grace period kthreads"). This can
result in redundant self-wakeups.
This commit therefore replaces the simple wait-queue wakeups with
rcu_gp_kthread_wake(), thus avoiding the redundant wakeups.
Signed-off-by: Jisheng Zhang <jszhang@marvell.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit improves the accuracy of the interaction between CPU hotplug
operations and RCU's expedited grace periods by using RCU's online-CPU
state to determine when failed IPIs should be retried.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The expedited RCU grace periods currently rely on a failure indication
from smp_call_function_single() to determine that a given CPU is offline.
This works after a fashion, but is more contorted and less precise than
relying on RCU's internal state. This commit therefore takes a first
step towards relying on internal state.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The expedited RCU CPU stall warnings currently responds to neither the
panic_on_rcu_stall sysctl setting nor the rcupdate.rcu_cpu_stall_suppress
kernel boot parameter. This commit therefore updates the expedited code
to respond to these two controls.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Now that RCU expedited grace periods are always driven by a workqueue,
there is no need to account for signal reception, and thus no need
to disable expedited RCU CPU stall warnings due to signal reception.
This commit therefore removes the signal-reception checks, leaving a
WARN_ON() to catch possible future bugs.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The current implementation of expedited grace periods has the user
task drive the grace period. This works, but has downsides: (1) The
user task must awaken tasks piggybacking on this grace period, which
can result in latencies rivaling that of the grace period itself, and
(2) User tasks can receive signals, which interfere with RCU CPU stall
warnings.
This commit therefore uses workqueues to drive the grace periods, so
that the user task need not do the awakening. A subsequent commit
will remove the now-unnecessary code allowing for signals.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The functions synchronize_rcu_expedited() and synchronize_sched_expedited()
have nearly identical code. This commit therefore consolidates this code
into a new _synchronize_rcu_expedited() function.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The current percpu-rwsem read side is entirely free of serializing insns
at the cost of having a synchronize_sched() in the write path.
The latency of the synchronize_sched() is too high for cgroups. The
commit 1ed1328792 talks about the write path being a fairly cold path
but this is not the case for Android which moves task to the foreground
cgroup and back around binder IPC calls from foreground processes to
background processes, so it is significantly hotter than human initiated
operations.
Switch cgroup_threadgroup_rwsem into the slow mode for now to avoid the
problem, hopefully it should not be that slow after another commit:
80127a3968 ("locking/percpu-rwsem: Optimize readers and reduce global impact").
We could just add rcu_sync_enter() into cgroup_init() but we do not want
another synchronize_sched() at boot time, so this patch adds the new helper
which doesn't block but currently can only be called before the first use.
Reported-by: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Reported-by: Dmitry Shmidt <dimitrysh@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Colin Cross <ccross@google.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Rom Lemarchand <romlem@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160811165413.GA22807@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Currently the percpu-rwsem switches to (global) atomic ops while a
writer is waiting; which could be quite a while and slows down
releasing the readers.
This patch cures this problem by ordering the reader-state vs
reader-count (see the comments in __percpu_down_read() and
percpu_down_write()). This changes a global atomic op into a full
memory barrier, which doesn't have the global cacheline contention.
This also enables using the percpu-rwsem with rcu_sync disabled in order
to bias the implementation differently, reducing the writer latency by
adding some cost to readers.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
[ Fixed modular build. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Pull smp hotplug updates from Thomas Gleixner:
"This is the next part of the hotplug rework.
- Convert all notifiers with a priority assigned
- Convert all CPU_STARTING/DYING notifiers
The final removal of the STARTING/DYING infrastructure will happen
when the merge window closes.
Another 700 hundred line of unpenetrable maze gone :)"
* 'smp-hotplug-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (70 commits)
timers/core: Correct callback order during CPU hot plug
leds/trigger/cpu: Move from CPU_STARTING to ONLINE level
powerpc/numa: Convert to hotplug state machine
arm/perf: Fix hotplug state machine conversion
irqchip/armada: Avoid unused function warnings
ARC/time: Convert to hotplug state machine
clocksource/atlas7: Convert to hotplug state machine
clocksource/armada-370-xp: Convert to hotplug state machine
clocksource/exynos_mct: Convert to hotplug state machine
clocksource/arm_global_timer: Convert to hotplug state machine
rcu: Convert rcutree to hotplug state machine
KVM/arm/arm64/vgic-new: Convert to hotplug state machine
smp/cfd: Convert core to hotplug state machine
x86/x2apic: Convert to CPU hotplug state machine
profile: Convert to hotplug state machine
timers/core: Convert to hotplug state machine
hrtimer: Convert to hotplug state machine
x86/tboot: Convert to hotplug state machine
arm64/armv8 deprecated: Convert to hotplug state machine
hwtracing/coresight-etm4x: Convert to hotplug state machine
...
Pull locking updates from Ingo Molnar:
"The locking tree was busier in this cycle than the usual pattern - a
couple of major projects happened to coincide.
The main changes are:
- implement the atomic_fetch_{add,sub,and,or,xor}() API natively
across all SMP architectures (Peter Zijlstra)
- add atomic_fetch_{inc/dec}() as well, using the generic primitives
(Davidlohr Bueso)
- optimize various aspects of rwsems (Jason Low, Davidlohr Bueso,
Waiman Long)
- optimize smp_cond_load_acquire() on arm64 and implement LSE based
atomic{,64}_fetch_{add,sub,and,andnot,or,xor}{,_relaxed,_acquire,_release}()
on arm64 (Will Deacon)
- introduce smp_acquire__after_ctrl_dep() and fix various barrier
mis-uses and bugs (Peter Zijlstra)
- after discovering ancient spin_unlock_wait() barrier bugs in its
implementation and usage, strengthen its semantics and update/fix
usage sites (Peter Zijlstra)
- optimize mutex_trylock() fastpath (Peter Zijlstra)
- ... misc fixes and cleanups"
* 'locking-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (67 commits)
locking/atomic: Introduce inc/dec variants for the atomic_fetch_$op() API
locking/barriers, arch/arm64: Implement LDXR+WFE based smp_cond_load_acquire()
locking/static_keys: Fix non static symbol Sparse warning
locking/qspinlock: Use __this_cpu_dec() instead of full-blown this_cpu_dec()
locking/atomic, arch/tile: Fix tilepro build
locking/atomic, arch/m68k: Remove comment
locking/atomic, arch/arc: Fix build
locking/Documentation: Clarify limited control-dependency scope
locking/atomic, arch/rwsem: Employ atomic_long_fetch_add()
locking/atomic, arch/qrwlock: Employ atomic_fetch_add_acquire()
locking/atomic, arch/mips: Convert to _relaxed atomics
locking/atomic, arch/alpha: Convert to _relaxed atomics
locking/atomic: Remove the deprecated atomic_{set,clear}_mask() functions
locking/atomic: Remove linux/atomic.h:atomic_fetch_or()
locking/atomic: Implement atomic{,64,_long}_fetch_{add,sub,and,andnot,or,xor}{,_relaxed,_acquire,_release}()
locking/atomic: Fix atomic64_relaxed() bits
locking/atomic, arch/xtensa: Implement atomic_fetch_{add,sub,and,or,xor}()
locking/atomic, arch/x86: Implement atomic{,64}_fetch_{add,sub,and,or,xor}()
locking/atomic, arch/tile: Implement atomic{,64}_fetch_{add,sub,and,or,xor}()
locking/atomic, arch/sparc: Implement atomic{,64}_fetch_{add,sub,and,or,xor}()
...
Straight forward conversion to the state machine. Though the question arises
whether this needs really all these state transitions to work.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Anna-Maria Gleixner <anna-maria@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: rt@linutronix.de
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160713153337.982013161@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
In many cases in the RCU tree code, we iterate over the set of cpus for
a leaf node described by rcu_node::grplo and rcu_node::grphi, checking
per-cpu data for each cpu in this range. However, if the set of possible
cpus is sparse, some cpus described in this range are not possible, and
thus no per-cpu region will have been allocated (or initialised) for
them by the generic percpu code.
Erroneous accesses to a per-cpu area for these !possible cpus may fault
or may hit other data depending on the addressed generated when the
erroneous per cpu offset is applied. In practice, both cases have been
observed on arm64 hardware (the former being silent, but detectable with
additional patches).
To avoid issues resulting from this, we must iterate over the set of
*possible* cpus for a given leaf node. This patch add a new helper,
for_each_leaf_node_possible_cpu, to enable this. As iteration is often
intertwined with rcu_node local bitmask manipulation, a new
leaf_node_cpu_bit helper is added to make this simpler and more
consistent. The RCU tree code is made to use both of these where
appropriate.
Without this patch, running reboot at a shell can result in an oops
like:
[ 3369.075979] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffffff8008b21b4c
[ 3369.083881] pgd = ffffffc3ecdda000
[ 3369.087270] [ffffff8008b21b4c] *pgd=00000083eca48003, *pud=00000083eca48003, *pmd=0000000000000000
[ 3369.096222] Internal error: Oops: 96000007 [#1] PREEMPT SMP
[ 3369.101781] Modules linked in:
[ 3369.104825] CPU: 2 PID: 1817 Comm: NetworkManager Tainted: G W 4.6.0+ #3
[ 3369.121239] task: ffffffc0fa13e000 ti: ffffffc3eb940000 task.ti: ffffffc3eb940000
[ 3369.128708] PC is at sync_rcu_exp_select_cpus+0x188/0x510
[ 3369.134094] LR is at sync_rcu_exp_select_cpus+0x104/0x510
[ 3369.139479] pc : [<ffffff80081109a8>] lr : [<ffffff8008110924>] pstate: 200001c5
[ 3369.146860] sp : ffffffc3eb9435a0
[ 3369.150162] x29: ffffffc3eb9435a0 x28: ffffff8008be4f88
[ 3369.155465] x27: ffffff8008b66c80 x26: ffffffc3eceb2600
[ 3369.160767] x25: 0000000000000001 x24: ffffff8008be4f88
[ 3369.166070] x23: ffffff8008b51c3c x22: ffffff8008b66c80
[ 3369.171371] x21: 0000000000000001 x20: ffffff8008b21b40
[ 3369.176673] x19: ffffff8008b66c80 x18: 0000000000000000
[ 3369.181975] x17: 0000007fa951a010 x16: ffffff80086a30f0
[ 3369.187278] x15: 0000007fa9505590 x14: 0000000000000000
[ 3369.192580] x13: ffffff8008b51000 x12: ffffffc3eb940000
[ 3369.197882] x11: 0000000000000006 x10: ffffff8008b51b78
[ 3369.203184] x9 : 0000000000000001 x8 : ffffff8008be4000
[ 3369.208486] x7 : ffffff8008b21b40 x6 : 0000000000001003
[ 3369.213788] x5 : 0000000000000000 x4 : ffffff8008b27280
[ 3369.219090] x3 : ffffff8008b21b4c x2 : 0000000000000001
[ 3369.224406] x1 : 0000000000000001 x0 : 0000000000000140
...
[ 3369.972257] [<ffffff80081109a8>] sync_rcu_exp_select_cpus+0x188/0x510
[ 3369.978685] [<ffffff80081128b4>] synchronize_rcu_expedited+0x64/0xa8
[ 3369.985026] [<ffffff80086b987c>] synchronize_net+0x24/0x30
[ 3369.990499] [<ffffff80086ddb54>] dev_deactivate_many+0x28c/0x298
[ 3369.996493] [<ffffff80086b6bb8>] __dev_close_many+0x60/0xd0
[ 3370.002052] [<ffffff80086b6d48>] __dev_close+0x28/0x40
[ 3370.007178] [<ffffff80086bf62c>] __dev_change_flags+0x8c/0x158
[ 3370.012999] [<ffffff80086bf718>] dev_change_flags+0x20/0x60
[ 3370.018558] [<ffffff80086cf7f0>] do_setlink+0x288/0x918
[ 3370.023771] [<ffffff80086d0798>] rtnl_newlink+0x398/0x6a8
[ 3370.029158] [<ffffff80086cee84>] rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0xe4/0x220
[ 3370.034891] [<ffffff80086e274c>] netlink_rcv_skb+0xc4/0xf8
[ 3370.040364] [<ffffff80086ced8c>] rtnetlink_rcv+0x2c/0x40
[ 3370.045663] [<ffffff80086e1fe8>] netlink_unicast+0x160/0x238
[ 3370.051309] [<ffffff80086e24b8>] netlink_sendmsg+0x2f0/0x358
[ 3370.056956] [<ffffff80086a0070>] sock_sendmsg+0x18/0x30
[ 3370.062168] [<ffffff80086a21cc>] ___sys_sendmsg+0x26c/0x280
[ 3370.067728] [<ffffff80086a30ac>] __sys_sendmsg+0x44/0x88
[ 3370.073027] [<ffffff80086a3100>] SyS_sendmsg+0x10/0x20
[ 3370.078153] [<ffffff8008085e70>] el0_svc_naked+0x24/0x28
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Reported-by: Dennis Chen <dennis.chen@arm.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@gmail.com>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Steve Capper <steve.capper@arm.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
It is not always easy to determine the cause of an RCU stall just by
analysing the RCU stall messages, mainly when the problem is caused
by the indirect starvation of rcu threads. For example, when preempt_rcu
is not awakened due to the starvation of a timer softirq.
We have been hard coding panic() in the RCU stall functions for
some time while testing the kernel-rt. But this is not possible in
some scenarios, like when supporting customers.
This patch implements the sysctl kernel.panic_on_rcu_stall. If
set to 1, the system will panic() when an RCU stall takes place,
enabling the capture of a vmcore. The vmcore provides a way to analyze
all kernel/tasks states, helping out to point to the culprit and the
solution for the stall.
The kernel.panic_on_rcu_stall sysctl is disabled by default.
Changes from v1:
- Fixed a typo in the git log
- The if(sysctl_panic_on_rcu_stall) panic() is in a static function
- Fixed the CONFIG_TINY_RCU compilation issue
- The var sysctl_panic_on_rcu_stall is now __read_mostly
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Reviewed-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org>
Tested-by: "Luis Claudio R. Goncalves" <lgoncalv@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Bristot de Oliveira <bristot@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Currently, if the very first call to call_rcu_tasks() has irqs disabled,
it will create the rcu_tasks_kthread with irqs disabled, which will
result in a splat in the memory allocator, which kthread_run() invokes
with the expectation that irqs are enabled.
This commit fixes this problem by deferring kthread creation if called
with irqs disabled. The first call to call_rcu_tasks() that has irqs
enabled will create the kthread.
This bug was detected by rcutorture changes that were motivated by
Iftekhar Ahmed's mutation-testing efforts.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Fix to return a negative error code -ENOMEM from kcalloc() error
handling case instead of 0, as done elsewhere in this function.
Signed-off-by: Wei Yongjun <yongjun_wei@trendmicro.com.cn>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
0day found a boot warning triggered in rcu_perf_writer() on !SMP kernel:
WARN_ON(rcu_gp_is_normal() && gp_exp);
, the root cause of which is trying to measure expedited grace
periods(by setting gp_exp to true by default) when all the grace periods
are normal(TINY RCU only has normal grace periods).
However, such a mis-setting would only result in failing to measure the
performance for a specific kind of grace periods, therefore using a
WARN_ON to check this is a little overkilling. We could handle this
inside rcuperf module via some error messages to tell users about the
mis-settings.
Therefore this patch removes the WARN_ON in rcu_perf_writer() and
handles those checkings in rcu_perf_init() with plain if() code.
Moreover, this patch changes the default value of gp_exp to 1) align
with rcutorture tests and 2) make the default setting work for all RCU
implementations by default.
Suggested-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Fixes: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/57411b10.mFvG0+AgcrMXGtcj%fengguang.wu@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit removes CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_RUNNABLE in favor of the
already-existing rcutorture.torture_runnable kernel boot parameter.
It also converts an #ifdef into IS_ENABLED(), saving a few lines of code.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit applies the infamous IS_ENABLED() macro to eliminate a #ifdef.
It also eliminates the RCU_PERF_TEST_RUNNABLE Kconfig option in favor
of the already-existing rcuperf.perf_runnable kernel boot parameter.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
People have been having some difficulty finding their way around the
RCU code. This commit therefore pulls some of the expedited grace-period
code from tree_plugin.h to a new tree_exp.h file. This commit is strictly
code movement.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
People have been having some difficulty finding their way around the
RCU code. This commit therefore pulls some of the expedited grace-period
code from tree.c to a new tree_exp.h file. This commit is strictly code
movement, with the exception of a forward declaration that was added
for the sync_sched_exp_online_cleanup() function.
A subsequent commit will move the remaining expedited grace-period code
from tree_plugin.h to tree_exp.h.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
I think you'll find this condition is superfluous, as the whole function
is under #ifdef of that same.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
In the past, RCU grace-period initialization excluded CPU-hotplug
operations, but this is no longer the case. This commit therefore
removed an outdated comment in rcu_gp_init() claiming that these
are excluded.
Reported-by: Lihao Liang <lihao.liang@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The comment header for rcu_scheduler_active states that it is used
to optimize synchronize_sched() at early boot. This is incorrect.
The synchronize_sched() function instead checks the number of online
CPUs. This commit therefore replaces the comment's synchronize_sched()
with synchronize_rcu(), which really does use rcu_scheduler_active for
this purpose.
Reported-by: Lihao Liang <lihao.liang@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
A while back Viro posted a number of 'interesting' mutex_is_locked()
users on IRC, one of those was RCU.
RCU seems to use mutex_is_locked() to avoid doing mutex_trylock(), the
regular load before modify pattern.
While the use isn't wrong per se, its curious in that its needed at all,
mutex_trylock() should be good enough on its own to avoid the pointless
cacheline bounces.
So fix those and remove the mutex_is_locked() (ab)use from RCU.
Reported-by: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Paul McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Waiman Long <Waiman.Long@hpe.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160601185815.GW3190@twins.programming.kicks-ass.net
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
When activating a static object we need make sure that the object is
tracked in the object tracker. If it is a non-static object then the
activation is illegal.
In previous implementation, each subsystem need take care of this in
their fixup callbacks. Actually we can put it into debugobjects core.
Thus we can save duplicated code, and have *pure* fixup callbacks.
To achieve this, a new callback "is_static_object" is introduced to let
the type specific code decide whether a object is static or not. If
yes, we take it into object tracker, otherwise give warning and invoke
fixup callback.
This change has paassed debugobjects selftest, and I also do some test
with all debugobjects supports enabled.
At last, I have a concern about the fixups that can it change the object
which is in incorrect state on fixup? Because the 'addr' may not point
to any valid object if a non-static object is not tracked. Then Change
such object can overwrite someone's memory and cause unexpected
behaviour. For example, the timer_fixup_activate bind timer to function
stub_timer.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1462576157-14539-1-git-send-email-changbin.du@intel.com
[changbin.du@intel.com: improve code comments where invoke the new is_static_object callback]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1462777431-8171-1-git-send-email-changbin.du@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Du, Changbin <changbin.du@intel.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@kernel.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Update the return type to use bool instead of int, corresponding to
cheange (debugobjects: make fixup functions return bool instead of int).
Signed-off-by: Du, Changbin <changbin.du@intel.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@kernel.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Mutation testing carried out by Iftekhar Ahmed of Oregon State
University showed that rcutorture is failing to test invocations
of call_rcu() having interrupts disabled. This commit therefore
adds interrupt disabling around one of the existing invocations
of call_rcu() (and friends).
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The hotplug notifier rcutorture_cpu_notify() doesn't consider the
corresponding CPU_XXX_FROZEN transitions. They occur on
suspend/resume and are usually handled the same way as the
corresponding non frozen transitions.
Mask the switch case action argument with '~CPU_TASKS_FROZEN' to map
CPU_XXX_FROZEN hotplug transitions on corresponding non-frozen
transitions.
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Anna-Maria Gleixner <anna-maria@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The current code initializes the global per-CPU variables
rcu_torture_count and rcu_torture_batch to zero. However, C does this
initialization by default, and explicit initialization of per-CPU
variables now needs a different syntax if "make tags" is to work.
This commit therefore removes the initialization.
Reported-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
After finishing its tests rcuperf tries to wake up shutdown_wq even if
"shutdown" param is set to false, resulting in a wake_up() call on an
unitialized wait_queue_head_t which leads to "BUG: spinlock bad magic" and
"BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference".
Fix by checking "shutdown" param before waking up the queue.
Signed-off-by: Artem Savkov <artem.savkov@gmail.com>
Running rcuperf can result in RCU CPU stall warnings and RT throttling.
These occur because on of the real-time writer processes does
ftrace_dump() while still running at real-time priority. This commit
therefore prevents these problems by setting the writer thread back to
SCHED_NORMAL (AKA SCHED_OTHER) before doing ftrace_dump().
In addition, this commit adds a small fixed delay before dumping ftrace
buffer in order to decrease the probability that this dumping will
interfere with other writers' grace periods.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Boot-time activity can legitimately grab CPUs for extended time periods,
so the commit adds a boot parameter to delay the start of the performance
test until boot has completed. Defaults to 10 seconds.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit enables ftrace in the rcuperf TREE kernel build and adds
an ftrace_dump() at the end of rcuperf processing. This data will be
used to measure the actual durations of the expedited grace periods
without the added delays inherent in the kernel-module measurements.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit forces more deterministic update-side behavior by setting
rcuperf's rcu_perf_writer() kthreads to real-time priority.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit forces more deterministic behavior by binding rcuperf's
rcu_perf_reader() and rcu_perf_writer() kthreads to their respective
CPUs.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit adds a new rcuperf module that carries out simple performance
tests of RCU grace periods.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit provides rcu_exp_batches_completed() and
rcu_exp_batches_completed_sched() functions to allow torture-test modules
to check how many expedited grace period batches have completed.
These are analogous to the existing rcu_batches_completed(),
rcu_batches_completed_bh(), and rcu_batches_completed_sched() functions.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Currently, rcu_torture_writer() checks only for rcu_gp_is_expedited()
when deciding whether or not to do dynamic control of RCU expediting.
This means that if rcupdate.rcu_normal is specified, rcu_torture_writer()
will attempt to dynamically control RCU expediting, but will nonetheless
only test normal RCU grace periods. This commit therefore adds a check
for !rcu_gp_is_normal(), and prints a message and desists from testing
dynamic control of RCU expediting when doing so is futile.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
If it is necessary to kick the grace-period kthread, that is a good
time to dump the trace buffer in order to learn why kicking was needed.
This commit therefore does the dump.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Currently, we have four versions of rcu_read_lock_sched_held(), depending
on the combined choices on PREEMPT_COUNT and DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC. However,
there is an existing function preemptible() that already distinguishes
between the PREEMPT_COUNT=y and PREEMPT_COUNT=n cases, and allows these
four implementations to be consolidated down to two.
This commit therefore uses preemptible() to achieve this consolidation.
Note that there could be a small performance regression in the case
of CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC=y && PREEMPT_COUNT=n. However, given the
overhead associated with CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC=y, this should be
down in the noise.
Signed-off-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Recent kernels can fail to awaken the grace-period kthread for
quiescent-state forcing. This commit is a crude hack that does
a wakeup if a scheduling-clock interrupt sees that it has been
too long since force-quiescent-state (FQS) processing.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Currently, the force-quiescent-state (FQS) code in rcu_gp_kthread() can
advance the next FQS even if one was not executed last time. This can
happen due timeout-duration uncertainty. This commit therefore avoids
advancing the FQS schedule unless an FQS was just executed. In the
corner case where an FQS was not executed, but is due now, the code does
a one-jiffy wait.
This change prepares for kthread kicking.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Recent kernels can fail to awaken the grace-period kthread for
quiescent-state forcing. This commit is a crude hack that does
a wakeup any time a stall is detected.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The current expedited grace-period implementation makes subsequent grace
periods wait on wakeups for the prior grace period. This does not fit
the dictionary definition of "expedited", so this commit allows these two
phases to overlap. Doing this requires four waitqueues rather than two
because tasks can now be waiting on the previous, current, and next grace
periods. The fourth waitqueue makes the bit masking work out nicely.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit pulls the grace-period-start counter adjustment and tracing
from synchronize_rcu_expedited() and synchronize_sched_expedited()
into exp_funnel_lock(), thus eliminating some code duplication.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit moves some duplicate code from synchronize_rcu_expedited()
and synchronize_sched_expedited() into rcu_exp_gp_seq_snap(). This
doesn't save lines of code, but does eliminate a "tell me twice" issue.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Currently, synchronize_rcu_expedited() and rcu_sched_expedited() have
significant duplicate code. This commit therefore consolidates some of
this code into rcu_exp_wake(), which is now renamed to rcu_exp_wait_wake()
in recognition of its added responsibilities.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit speeds up the low-contention case, especially for systems
with large rcu_node trees, by attempting to directly acquire the
->exp_mutex. This fastpath checks the leaves and root first in
order to avoid excessive memory contention on the mutex itself.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The current mutex-based funnel-locking approach used by expedited grace
periods is subject to severe unfairness. The problem arises when a
few tasks, making a path from leaves to root, all wake up before other
tasks do. A new task can then follow this path all the way to the root,
which needlessly delays tasks whose grace period is done, but who do
not happen to acquire the lock quickly enough.
This commit avoids this problem by maintaining per-rcu_node wait queues,
along with a per-rcu_node counter that tracks the latest grace period
sought by an earlier task to visit this node. If that grace period
would satisfy the current task, instead of proceeding up the tree,
it waits on the current rcu_node structure using a pair of wait queues
provided for that purpose. This decouples awakening of old tasks from
the arrival of new tasks.
If the wakeups prove to be a bottleneck, additional kthreads can be
brought to bear for that purpose.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The cpu_online() function can return values other than 0 and 1, which
can result in subscript overflow when applied to a two-element array.
This commit allows for this behavior by using "!!" on the return value
from cpu_online() when used as a subscript.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Commit #cdacbe1f91264 ("rcu: Add fastpath bypassing funnel locking")
turns out to be a pessimization at high load because it forces a tree
full of tasks to wait for an expedited grace period that they probably
do not need. This commit therefore removes this optimization.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit brings the synchronize_rcu_expedited() function's header
comment into line with the new implementation.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Although cond_resched_rcu_qs() supplies quiescent states to all flavors
of normal RCU grace periods, it does nothing for expedited RCU-sched
grace periods. This commit therefore adds a check for a need for a
quiescent state from the current CPU by an expedited RCU-sched grace
period, and invokes rcu_sched_qs() to supply that quiescent state if so.
Note that the check is racy in that we might be migrated to some other
CPU just after checking the per-CPU variable. This is OK because the
act of migration will do a context switch, which will supply the needed
quiescent state. The only downside is that we might do an unnecessary
call to rcu_sched_qs(), but the probability is low and the overhead
is small.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Currently, synchronize_sched_expedited_wait() simply sets the ndetected
variable to the rcu_print_task_exp_stall() return value. This means
that if the last rcu_node structure has no stalled tasks, record of
any stalled tasks in previous rcu_node structures is lost, which can
in turn result in failure to dump out the blocking rcu_node structures.
Or could, had the test been correct.
This commit therefore adds the return value of rcu_print_task_exp_stall()
to ndetected and corrects the later test for ndetected.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Currently, sync_sched_exp_handler() will force a reschedule unless
this CPU has already checked in or unless a reschedule has already
been called for. This is clearly wasteful if sync_sched_exp_handler()
interrupted an idle CPU, so this commit immediately reports the
quiescent state in that case.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit consolidates a couple definitions and several calls for
single-shot ftrace-buffer dumping.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
kcov provides code coverage collection for coverage-guided fuzzing
(randomized testing). Coverage-guided fuzzing is a testing technique
that uses coverage feedback to determine new interesting inputs to a
system. A notable user-space example is AFL
(http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/afl/). However, this technique is not
widely used for kernel testing due to missing compiler and kernel
support.
kcov does not aim to collect as much coverage as possible. It aims to
collect more or less stable coverage that is function of syscall inputs.
To achieve this goal it does not collect coverage in soft/hard
interrupts and instrumentation of some inherently non-deterministic or
non-interesting parts of kernel is disbled (e.g. scheduler, locking).
Currently there is a single coverage collection mode (tracing), but the
API anticipates additional collection modes. Initially I also
implemented a second mode which exposes coverage in a fixed-size hash
table of counters (what Quentin used in his original patch). I've
dropped the second mode for simplicity.
This patch adds the necessary support on kernel side. The complimentary
compiler support was added in gcc revision 231296.
We've used this support to build syzkaller system call fuzzer, which has
found 90 kernel bugs in just 2 months:
https://github.com/google/syzkaller/wiki/Found-Bugs
We've also found 30+ bugs in our internal systems with syzkaller.
Another (yet unexplored) direction where kcov coverage would greatly
help is more traditional "blob mutation". For example, mounting a
random blob as a filesystem, or receiving a random blob over wire.
Why not gcov. Typical fuzzing loop looks as follows: (1) reset
coverage, (2) execute a bit of code, (3) collect coverage, repeat. A
typical coverage can be just a dozen of basic blocks (e.g. an invalid
input). In such context gcov becomes prohibitively expensive as
reset/collect coverage steps depend on total number of basic
blocks/edges in program (in case of kernel it is about 2M). Cost of
kcov depends only on number of executed basic blocks/edges. On top of
that, kernel requires per-thread coverage because there are always
background threads and unrelated processes that also produce coverage.
With inlined gcov instrumentation per-thread coverage is not possible.
kcov exposes kernel PCs and control flow to user-space which is
insecure. But debugfs should not be mapped as user accessible.
Based on a patch by Quentin Casasnovas.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: make task_struct.kcov_mode have type `enum kcov_mode']
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: unbreak allmodconfig]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: follow x86 Makefile layout standards]
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: syzkaller <syzkaller@googlegroups.com>
Cc: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Tavis Ormandy <taviso@google.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Quentin Casasnovas <quentin.casasnovas@oracle.com>
Cc: Kostya Serebryany <kcc@google.com>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@google.com>
Cc: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: David Drysdale <drysdale@google.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Merge first patch-bomb from Andrew Morton:
- some misc things
- ofs2 updates
- about half of MM
- checkpatch updates
- autofs4 update
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (120 commits)
autofs4: fix string.h include in auto_dev-ioctl.h
autofs4: use pr_xxx() macros directly for logging
autofs4: change log print macros to not insert newline
autofs4: make autofs log prints consistent
autofs4: fix some white space errors
autofs4: fix invalid ioctl return in autofs4_root_ioctl_unlocked()
autofs4: fix coding style line length in autofs4_wait()
autofs4: fix coding style problem in autofs4_get_set_timeout()
autofs4: coding style fixes
autofs: show pipe inode in mount options
kallsyms: add support for relative offsets in kallsyms address table
kallsyms: don't overload absolute symbol type for percpu symbols
x86: kallsyms: disable absolute percpu symbols on !SMP
checkpatch: fix another left brace warning
checkpatch: improve UNSPECIFIED_INT test for bare signed/unsigned uses
checkpatch: warn on bare unsigned or signed declarations without int
checkpatch: exclude asm volatile from complex macro check
mm: memcontrol: drop unnecessary lru locking from mem_cgroup_migrate()
mm: migrate: consolidate mem_cgroup_migrate() calls
mm/compaction: speed up pageblock_pfn_to_page() when zone is contiguous
...
$ make tags
GEN tags
ctags: Warning: drivers/acpi/processor_idle.c:64: null expansion of name pattern "\1"
ctags: Warning: drivers/xen/events/events_2l.c:41: null expansion of name pattern "\1"
ctags: Warning: kernel/locking/lockdep.c:151: null expansion of name pattern "\1"
ctags: Warning: kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c:133: null expansion of name pattern "\1"
ctags: Warning: kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c:135: null expansion of name pattern "\1"
ctags: Warning: kernel/workqueue.c:323: null expansion of name pattern "\1"
ctags: Warning: net/ipv4/syncookies.c:53: null expansion of name pattern "\1"
ctags: Warning: net/ipv6/syncookies.c:44: null expansion of name pattern "\1"
ctags: Warning: net/rds/page.c:45: null expansion of name pattern "\1"
Which are all the result of the DEFINE_PER_CPU pattern:
scripts/tags.sh:200: '/\<DEFINE_PER_CPU([^,]*, *\([[:alnum:]_]*\)/\1/v/'
scripts/tags.sh:201: '/\<DEFINE_PER_CPU_SHARED_ALIGNED([^,]*, *\([[:alnum:]_]*\)/\1/v/'
The below cures them. All except the workqueue one are within reasonable
distance of the 80 char limit. TJ do you have any preference on how to
fix the wq one, or shall we just not care its too long?
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Acked-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull cpu hotplug updates from Thomas Gleixner:
"This is the first part of the ongoing cpu hotplug rework:
- Initial implementation of the state machine
- Runs all online and prepare down callbacks on the plugged cpu and
not on some random processor
- Replaces busy loop waiting with completions
- Adds tracepoints so the states can be followed"
More detailed commentary on this work from an earlier email:
"What's wrong with the current cpu hotplug infrastructure?
- Asymmetry
The hotplug notifier mechanism is asymmetric versus the bringup and
teardown. This is mostly caused by the notifier mechanism.
- Largely undocumented dependencies
While some notifiers use explicitely defined notifier priorities,
we have quite some notifiers which use numerical priorities to
express dependencies without any documentation why.
- Control processor driven
Most of the bringup/teardown of a cpu is driven by a control
processor. While it is understandable, that preperatory steps,
like idle thread creation, memory allocation for and initialization
of essential facilities needs to be done before a cpu can boot,
there is no reason why everything else must run on a control
processor. Before this patch series, bringup looks like this:
Control CPU Booting CPU
do preparatory steps
kick cpu into life
do low level init
sync with booting cpu sync with control cpu
bring the rest up
- All or nothing approach
There is no way to do partial bringups. That's something which is
really desired because we waste e.g. at boot substantial amount of
time just busy waiting that the cpu comes to life. That's stupid
as we could very well do preparatory steps and the initial IPI for
other cpus and then go back and do the necessary low level
synchronization with the freshly booted cpu.
- Minimal debuggability
Due to the notifier based design, it's impossible to switch between
two stages of the bringup/teardown back and forth in order to test
the correctness. So in many hotplug notifiers the cancel
mechanisms are either not existant or completely untested.
- Notifier [un]registering is tedious
To [un]register notifiers we need to protect against hotplug at
every callsite. There is no mechanism that bringup/teardown
callbacks are issued on the online cpus, so every caller needs to
do it itself. That also includes error rollback.
What's the new design?
The base of the new design is a symmetric state machine, where both
the control processor and the booting/dying cpu execute a well
defined set of states. Each state is symmetric in the end, except
for some well defined exceptions, and the bringup/teardown can be
stopped and reversed at almost all states.
So the bringup of a cpu will look like this in the future:
Control CPU Booting CPU
do preparatory steps
kick cpu into life
do low level init
sync with booting cpu sync with control cpu
bring itself up
The synchronization step does not require the control cpu to wait.
That mechanism can be done asynchronously via a worker or some
other mechanism.
The teardown can be made very similar, so that the dying cpu cleans
up and brings itself down. Cleanups which need to be done after
the cpu is gone, can be scheduled asynchronously as well.
There is a long way to this, as we need to refactor the notion when a
cpu is available. Today we set the cpu online right after it comes
out of the low level bringup, which is not really correct.
The proper mechanism is to set it to available, i.e. cpu local
threads, like softirqd, hotplug thread etc. can be scheduled on that
cpu, and once it finished all booting steps, it's set to online, so
general workloads can be scheduled on it. The reverse happens on
teardown. First thing to do is to forbid scheduling of general
workloads, then teardown all the per cpu resources and finally shut it
off completely.
This patch series implements the basic infrastructure for this at the
core level. This includes the following:
- Basic state machine implementation with well defined states, so
ordering and prioritization can be expressed.
- Interfaces to [un]register state callbacks
This invokes the bringup/teardown callback on all online cpus with
the proper protection in place and [un]installs the callbacks in
the state machine array.
For callbacks which have no particular ordering requirement we have
a dynamic state space, so that drivers don't have to register an
explicit hotplug state.
If a callback fails, the code automatically does a rollback to the
previous state.
- Sysfs interface to drive the state machine to a particular step.
This is only partially functional today. Full functionality and
therefor testability will be achieved once we converted all
existing hotplug notifiers over to the new scheme.
- Run all CPU_ONLINE/DOWN_PREPARE notifiers on the booting/dying
processor:
Control CPU Booting CPU
do preparatory steps
kick cpu into life
do low level init
sync with booting cpu sync with control cpu
wait for boot
bring itself up
Signal completion to control cpu
In a previous step of this work we've done a full tree mechanical
conversion of all hotplug notifiers to the new scheme. The balance
is a net removal of about 4000 lines of code.
This is not included in this series, as we decided to take a
different approach. Instead of mechanically converting everything
over, we will do a proper overhaul of the usage sites one by one so
they nicely fit into the symmetric callback scheme.
I decided to do that after I looked at the ugliness of some of the
converted sites and figured out that their hotplug mechanism is
completely buggered anyway. So there is no point to do a
mechanical conversion first as we need to go through the usage
sites one by one again in order to achieve a full symmetric and
testable behaviour"
* 'smp-hotplug-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (23 commits)
cpu/hotplug: Document states better
cpu/hotplug: Fix smpboot thread ordering
cpu/hotplug: Remove redundant state check
cpu/hotplug: Plug death reporting race
rcu: Make CPU_DYING_IDLE an explicit call
cpu/hotplug: Make wait for dead cpu completion based
cpu/hotplug: Let upcoming cpu bring itself fully up
arch/hotplug: Call into idle with a proper state
cpu/hotplug: Move online calls to hotplugged cpu
cpu/hotplug: Create hotplug threads
cpu/hotplug: Split out the state walk into functions
cpu/hotplug: Unpark smpboot threads from the state machine
cpu/hotplug: Move scheduler cpu_online notifier to hotplug core
cpu/hotplug: Implement setup/removal interface
cpu/hotplug: Make target state writeable
cpu/hotplug: Add sysfs state interface
cpu/hotplug: Hand in target state to _cpu_up/down
cpu/hotplug: Convert the hotplugged cpu work to a state machine
cpu/hotplug: Convert to a state machine for the control processor
cpu/hotplug: Add tracepoints
...
Make the RCU CPU_DYING_IDLE callback an explicit function call, so it gets
invoked at the proper place.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Rafael Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Cc: "Srivatsa S. Bhat" <srivatsa@mit.edu>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Sebastian Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160226182341.870167933@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
As of commit dae6e64d2b ("rcu: Introduce proper blocking to no-CBs kthreads
GP waits") the RCU subsystem started making use of wait queues.
Here we convert all additions of RCU wait queues to use simple wait queues,
since they don't need the extra overhead of the full wait queue features.
Originally this was done for RT kernels[1], since we would get things like...
BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at kernel/rtmutex.c:659
in_atomic(): 1, irqs_disabled(): 1, pid: 8, name: rcu_preempt
Pid: 8, comm: rcu_preempt Not tainted
Call Trace:
[<ffffffff8106c8d0>] __might_sleep+0xd0/0xf0
[<ffffffff817d77b4>] rt_spin_lock+0x24/0x50
[<ffffffff8106fcf6>] __wake_up+0x36/0x70
[<ffffffff810c4542>] rcu_gp_kthread+0x4d2/0x680
[<ffffffff8105f910>] ? __init_waitqueue_head+0x50/0x50
[<ffffffff810c4070>] ? rcu_gp_fqs+0x80/0x80
[<ffffffff8105eabb>] kthread+0xdb/0xe0
[<ffffffff8106b912>] ? finish_task_switch+0x52/0x100
[<ffffffff817e0754>] kernel_thread_helper+0x4/0x10
[<ffffffff8105e9e0>] ? __init_kthread_worker+0x60/0x60
[<ffffffff817e0750>] ? gs_change+0xb/0xb
...and hence simple wait queues were deployed on RT out of necessity
(as simple wait uses a raw lock), but mainline might as well take
advantage of the more streamline support as well.
[1] This is a carry forward of work from v3.10-rt; the original conversion
was by Thomas on an earlier -rt version, and Sebastian extended it to
additional post-3.10 added RCU waiters; here I've added a commit log and
unified the RCU changes into one, and uprev'd it to match mainline RCU.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Wagner <daniel.wagner@bmw-carit.de>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: linux-rt-users@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1455871601-27484-6-git-send-email-wagi@monom.org
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
rcu_nocb_gp_cleanup() is called while holding rnp->lock. Currently,
this is okay because the wake_up_all() in rcu_nocb_gp_cleanup() will
not enable the IRQs. lockdep is happy.
By switching over using swait this is not true anymore. swake_up_all()
enables the IRQs while processing the waiters. __do_softirq() can now
run and will eventually call rcu_process_callbacks() which wants to
grap nrp->lock.
Let's move the rcu_nocb_gp_cleanup() call outside the lock before we
switch over to swait.
If we would hold the rnp->lock and use swait, lockdep reports
following:
=================================
[ INFO: inconsistent lock state ]
4.2.0-rc5-00025-g9a73ba0 #136 Not tainted
---------------------------------
inconsistent {IN-SOFTIRQ-W} -> {SOFTIRQ-ON-W} usage.
rcu_preempt/8 [HC0[0]:SC0[0]:HE1:SE1] takes:
(rcu_node_1){+.?...}, at: [<ffffffff811387c7>] rcu_gp_kthread+0xb97/0xeb0
{IN-SOFTIRQ-W} state was registered at:
[<ffffffff81109b9f>] __lock_acquire+0xd5f/0x21e0
[<ffffffff8110be0f>] lock_acquire+0xdf/0x2b0
[<ffffffff81841cc9>] _raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0x59/0xa0
[<ffffffff81136991>] rcu_process_callbacks+0x141/0x3c0
[<ffffffff810b1a9d>] __do_softirq+0x14d/0x670
[<ffffffff810b2214>] irq_exit+0x104/0x110
[<ffffffff81844e96>] smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x46/0x60
[<ffffffff81842e70>] apic_timer_interrupt+0x70/0x80
[<ffffffff810dba66>] rq_attach_root+0xa6/0x100
[<ffffffff810dbc2d>] cpu_attach_domain+0x16d/0x650
[<ffffffff810e4b42>] build_sched_domains+0x942/0xb00
[<ffffffff821777c2>] sched_init_smp+0x509/0x5c1
[<ffffffff821551e3>] kernel_init_freeable+0x172/0x28f
[<ffffffff8182cdce>] kernel_init+0xe/0xe0
[<ffffffff8184231f>] ret_from_fork+0x3f/0x70
irq event stamp: 76
hardirqs last enabled at (75): [<ffffffff81841330>] _raw_spin_unlock_irq+0x30/0x60
hardirqs last disabled at (76): [<ffffffff8184116f>] _raw_spin_lock_irq+0x1f/0x90
softirqs last enabled at (0): [<ffffffff810a8df2>] copy_process.part.26+0x602/0x1cf0
softirqs last disabled at (0): [< (null)>] (null)
other info that might help us debug this:
Possible unsafe locking scenario:
CPU0
----
lock(rcu_node_1);
<Interrupt>
lock(rcu_node_1);
*** DEADLOCK ***
1 lock held by rcu_preempt/8:
#0: (rcu_node_1){+.?...}, at: [<ffffffff811387c7>] rcu_gp_kthread+0xb97/0xeb0
stack backtrace:
CPU: 0 PID: 8 Comm: rcu_preempt Not tainted 4.2.0-rc5-00025-g9a73ba0 #136
Hardware name: Dell Inc. PowerEdge R820/066N7P, BIOS 2.0.20 01/16/2014
0000000000000000 000000006d7e67d8 ffff881fb081fbd8 ffffffff818379e0
0000000000000000 ffff881fb0812a00 ffff881fb081fc38 ffffffff8110813b
0000000000000000 0000000000000001 ffff881f00000001 ffffffff8102fa4f
Call Trace:
[<ffffffff818379e0>] dump_stack+0x4f/0x7b
[<ffffffff8110813b>] print_usage_bug+0x1db/0x1e0
[<ffffffff8102fa4f>] ? save_stack_trace+0x2f/0x50
[<ffffffff811087ad>] mark_lock+0x66d/0x6e0
[<ffffffff81107790>] ? check_usage_forwards+0x150/0x150
[<ffffffff81108898>] mark_held_locks+0x78/0xa0
[<ffffffff81841330>] ? _raw_spin_unlock_irq+0x30/0x60
[<ffffffff81108a28>] trace_hardirqs_on_caller+0x168/0x220
[<ffffffff81108aed>] trace_hardirqs_on+0xd/0x10
[<ffffffff81841330>] _raw_spin_unlock_irq+0x30/0x60
[<ffffffff810fd1c7>] swake_up_all+0xb7/0xe0
[<ffffffff811386e1>] rcu_gp_kthread+0xab1/0xeb0
[<ffffffff811089bf>] ? trace_hardirqs_on_caller+0xff/0x220
[<ffffffff81841341>] ? _raw_spin_unlock_irq+0x41/0x60
[<ffffffff81137c30>] ? rcu_barrier+0x20/0x20
[<ffffffff810d2014>] kthread+0x104/0x120
[<ffffffff81841330>] ? _raw_spin_unlock_irq+0x30/0x60
[<ffffffff810d1f10>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x260/0x260
[<ffffffff8184231f>] ret_from_fork+0x3f/0x70
[<ffffffff810d1f10>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x260/0x260
Signed-off-by: Daniel Wagner <daniel.wagner@bmw-carit.de>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: linux-rt-users@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1455871601-27484-5-git-send-email-wagi@monom.org
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
This commit exports rcu_gp_is_normal() in order to allow it to be used
by rcutorture and rcuperf.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The Kconfig currently controlling compilation of this code is:
init/Kconfig:config TINY_RCU
init/Kconfig: bool
...meaning that it currently is not being built as a module by anyone.
Lets remove the modular code that is essentially orphaned, so that
when reading the code there is no doubt it is builtin-only.
Since module_init translates to device_initcall in the non-modular
case, the init ordering remains unchanged with this commit. We could
consider moving this to an earlier initcall (subsys?) if desired.
We also delete the MODULE_LICENSE tag etc. since all that information
is already contained at the top of the file in the comments.
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
In patch:
"rcu: Add transitivity to remaining rcu_node ->lock acquisitions"
All locking operations on rcu_node::lock are replaced with the wrappers
because of the need of transitivity, which indicates we should never
write code using LOCK primitives alone(i.e. without a proper barrier
following) on rcu_node::lock outside those wrappers. We could detect
this kind of misuses on rcu_node::lock in the future by adding __private
modifier on rcu_node::lock.
To privatize rcu_node::lock, unlock wrappers are also needed. Replacing
spinlock unlocks with these wrappers not only privatizes rcu_node::lock
but also makes it easier to figure out critical sections of rcu_node.
This patch adds __private modifier to rcu_node::lock and makes every
access to it wrapped by ACCESS_PRIVATE(). Besides, unlock wrappers are
added and raw_spin_unlock(&rnp->lock) and its friends are replaced with
those wrappers.
Signed-off-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The related warning from gcc 6.0:
In file included from kernel/rcu/tree.c:4630:0:
kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h:810:40: warning: ‘rcu_data_p’ defined but not used [-Wunused-const-variable]
static struct rcu_data __percpu *const rcu_data_p = &rcu_sched_data;
^~~~~~~~~~
Also remove always redundant rcu_data_p in tree.c.
Signed-off-by: Chen Gang <gang.chen.5i5j@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The "Disabled dynamic grace-period expediting" console message is
currently printed unconditionally. This commit causes it to be
output only when it is impossible to switch between normal and
expedited grace periods, which was the original intent.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Commit #e3663b1024d1 ("rcu: Handle gpnum/completed wrap while dyntick
idle") sets rdp->gpwrap on the wrong side of the "if" statement in
dyntick_save_progress_counter(), that is, it sets it when the CPU is
not idle instead of when it is idle. Of course, if the CPU is not idle,
its rdp->gpnum won't be lagging beind the global rsp->gpnum, which means
that rdp->gpwrap will never be set.
This commit therefore moves this code to the proper leg of that "if"
statement. This change means that the "else" cause is just "return 0"
and the "then" clause ends with "return 1", so also move the "return 0"
to follow the "if", dropping the "else" clause.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Commit 4a81e8328d ("Reduce overhead of cond_resched() checks for RCU")
handles the error case where a nohz_full loops indefinitely in the kernel
with the scheduling-clock interrupt disabled. However, this handling
includes IPIing the CPU running the offending loop, which is not what
we want for real-time workloads. And there are starting to be real-time
CPU-bound in-kernel workloads, and these must be handled without IPIing
the CPU, at least not in the common case. Therefore, this situation can
no longer be dismissed as an error case.
This commit therefore splits the handling out, so that the setting of
bits in the per-CPU rcu_sched_qs_mask variable is done relatively early,
but if the problem persists, resched_cpu() is eventually used to IPI the
CPU containing the offending loop. Assuming that in-kernel CPU-bound
loops used by real-time tasks contain frequent calls cond_resched_rcu_qs()
(as in more than once per few tens of milliseconds), the real-time tasks
will never be IPIed.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The header comment for rcu_report_qs_rsp() was obsolete, dating well
before the advent of RCU grace-period kthreads. This commit therefore
brings this comment back into alignment with current reality.
Reported-by: Lihao Liang <lihao.liang@cs.ox.ac.uk>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
A zero seems to have escaped earlier true/false substitution efforts,
so this commit changes 0 to false for the ->core_needs_qs boolean field.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The return value from rcu_gp_init() is always used as a bool, so
this commit makes it be a bool.
Reported-by: Iftekhar Ahmed <ahmedi@oregonstate.edu>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This patch removes a potential deadlock hazard by moving the
wake_up_process() in rcu_spawn_gp_kthread() out from under rnp->lock.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit replaces a local_irq_save()/local_irq_restore() pair with
a lockdep assertion that interrupts are already disabled. This should
remove the corresponding overhead from the interrupt entry/exit fastpaths.
This change was inspired by the fact that Iftekhar Ahmed's mutation
testing showed that removing rcu_irq_enter()'s call to local_ird_restore()
had no effect, which might indicate that interrupts were always enabled
anyway.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The cpu_needs_another_gp() function is currently of type int, but only
returns zero or one. Bow to reality and make it be of type bool.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Now that the rcu_state structure's ->rda field is compile-time initialized,
there is no need to pass the per-CPU rcu_data structure into rcu_init_one().
This commit therefore eliminates this now-unused parameter.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The rcu_expedited, rcu_normal, and rcu_normal_after_boot kernel boot
parameters are pointless in the case of TINY_RCU because in that case
synchronous grace periods, both expedited and normal, are no-ops.
However, these three symbols contribute several hundred bytes of bloat.
This commit therefore uses CPP directives to avoid compiling this code
in TINY_RCU kernels.
Reported-by: kbuild test robot <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Currently, ->gp_state is printed as an integer, which slows debugging.
This commit therefore prints a symbolic name in addition to the integer.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[ paulmck: Updated to fix relational operator called out by Dan Carpenter. ]
[ paulmck: More "const", as suggested by Josh Triplett. ]
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Currently, rcu_torture_writer_state is printed as an integer, which slows
debugging. This commit therefore prints a symbolic name in addition to
the integer.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[ paulmck: More "const", as suggested by Josh Triplett. ]
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
This commit increases debug information in the case where the grace-period
kthread is being prevented from running by dumping that kthread's stack.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[ paulmck: Split into prior commit and this commit, as suggested by
Josh Triplett. ]
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Currently, if the RCU grace-period kthread has not yet been created,
in which case the starvation-check code will print zero for the state,
which maps to TASK_RUNNING. This could clearly be quite confusing, so
this commit prints ~0, which does not map to any legal ->state value.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
We need the scheduler's fastpaths to be, well, fast, and unnecessarily
disabling and re-enabling interrupts is not necessarily consistent with
this goal. Especially given that there are regions of the scheduler that
already have interrupts disabled.
This commit therefore moves the call to rcu_note_context_switch()
to one of the interrupts-disabled regions of the scheduler, and
removes the now-redundant disabling and re-enabling of interrupts from
rcu_note_context_switch() and the functions it calls.
Reported-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[ paulmck: Shift rcu_note_context_switch() to avoid deadlock, as suggested
by Peter Zijlstra. ]
Currently, rcu_prepare_for_idle() checks for tick_nohz_active, even on
individual NOCBs CPUs, unless all CPUs are marked as NOCBs CPUs at build
time. This check is pointless on NOCBs CPUs because they never have any
callbacks posted, given that all of their callbacks are handed off to the
corresponding rcuo kthread. There is a check for individually designated
NOCBs CPUs, but it pointelessly follows the check for tick_nohz_active.
This commit therefore moves the check for individually designated NOCBs
CPUs up with the check for CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU_ALL.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This function no longer has #ifdefs, so this commit removes the
header comment calling them out.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Several releases have come and gone without the warning triggering,
so remove the lock-acquisition loop. Retain the WARN_ON_ONCE()
out of sheer paranoia.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit applies an early-exit approach to rcu_sched_qs(), reducing
the nesting level and saving a line of code.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The Kconfig currently controlling compilation of this code is:
init/Kconfig:config TREE_RCU_TRACE
init/Kconfig: def_bool RCU_TRACE && ( TREE_RCU || PREEMPT_RCU )
...meaning that it currently is not being built as a module by anyone.
Lets remove the modular code that is essentially orphaned, so that
when reading the file there is no doubt it is builtin-only.
Since module_init translates to device_initcall in the non-modular
case, the init ordering remains unchanged with this commit. We could
consider moving this to an earlier initcall if desired.
We don't replace module.h with init.h since the file already has that.
We also delete the moduleparam.h include that is left over from
commit 64db4cfff9 (""Tree RCU": scalable
classic RCU implementation") since it is not needed here either.
We morph some tags like MODULE_AUTHOR into the comments at the top of
the file for documentation purposes.
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Currently, the rcu_node_class[], rcu_fqs_class[], and rcu_exp_class[]
arrays needlessly pollute the global namespace within tree.c. This
commit therefore converts them to static local variables within
rcu_init_one().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Expedited grace periods can speed up boot, but are undesirable in
aggressive real-time systems. This commit therefore introduces a
kernel parameter rcupdate.rcu_normal_after_boot that disables
expedited grace periods just before init is spawned.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Although expedited grace periods can be quite useful, and although their
OS jitter has been greatly reduced, they can still pose problems for
extreme real-time workloads. This commit therefore adds a rcu_normal
kernel boot parameter (which can also be manipulated via sysfs)
to suppress expedited grace periods, that is, to treat requests for
expedited grace periods as if they were requests for normal grace periods.
If both rcu_expedited and rcu_normal are specified, rcu_normal wins.
This means that if you are relying on expedited grace periods to speed up
boot, you will want to specify rcu_expedited on the kernel command line,
and then specify rcu_normal via sysfs once boot completes.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit adds print statements that check the rcu_node structure to
find which ->expmask bits and which ->exp_tasks structures are blocking
the current expedited grace period.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Currently, if a grace period ends just as the stall-warning timeout
fires, an empty stall warning will be printed. This is not helpful,
so this commit avoids these useless warnings by rechecking completion
after awakening in synchronize_sched_expedited_wait().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Currently, the piggybacked-work checks carried out by sync_exp_work_done()
atomically increment a small set of variables (the ->expedited_workdone0,
->expedited_workdone1, ->expedited_workdone2, ->expedited_workdone3
fields in the rcu_state structure), which will form a memory-contention
bottleneck given a sufficiently large number of CPUs concurrently invoking
either synchronize_rcu_expedited() or synchronize_sched_expedited().
This commit therefore moves these for fields to the per-CPU rcu_data
structure, eliminating the memory contention. The show_rcuexp() function
also changes to sum up each field in the rcu_data structures.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit saves a couple lines of code and reduces indentation
by inverting the sense of an "if" statement in the function
sync_rcu_exp_select_cpus().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The memory barrier in rcu_seq_snap() is needed only for grace periods,
so this commit moves it to the grace-period-oriented wrapper
rcu_exp_gp_seq_snap().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Analogy with the ->qsmaskinitnext field might lead one to believe that
->expmaskinitnext tracks online CPUs. This belief is incorrect: Any CPU
that has ever been online will have its bit set in the ->expmaskinitnext
field. This commit therefore adds a comment to make this clear, at
least to people who read comments.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
If there is only one CPU, then invoking synchronize_sched_expedited()
is by definition a grace period. This commit checks for this condition
and does a short-circuit return in that case.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The rule is that all acquisitions of the rcu_node structure's ->lock
must provide transitivity: The lock is not acquired that frequently,
and sorting out exactly which required it and which did not would be
a maintenance nightmare. This commit therefore supplies the needed
transitivity to the remaining ->lock acquisitions.
Reported-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Providing RCU's memory-ordering guarantees requires that the rcu_node
tree's locking provide transitive memory ordering, which the Linux kernel's
spinlocks currently do not provide unless smp_mb__after_unlock_lock()
is used. Having a separate smp_mb__after_unlock_lock() after each and
every lock acquisition is error-prone, hard to read, and a bit annoying,
so this commit provides wrapper functions that pull in the
smp_mb__after_unlock_lock() invocations.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Earlier versions of synchronize_sched_expedited() can prematurely end
grace periods due to the fact that a CPU marked as cpu_is_offline()
can still be using RCU read-side critical sections during the time that
CPU makes its last pass through the scheduler and into the idle loop
and during the time that a given CPU is in the process of coming online.
This commit therefore eliminates this window by adding additional
interaction with the CPU-hotplug operations.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit redirects synchronize_rcu_expedited()'s wait to
synchronize_sched_expedited_wait(), thus enabling RCU CPU
stall warnings.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit adds task-print ability to the expedited RCU CPU stall
warning messages in preparation for adding stall warnings to
synchornize_rcu_expedited().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit makes the RCU CPU stall warning message print online/offline
indications immediately after the CPU number. A "O" indicates global
offline, a "." global online, and a "o" indicates RCU believes that the
CPU is offline for the current grace period and "." otherwise, and an
"N" indicates that RCU believes that the CPU will be offline for the
next grace period, and "." otherwise, all right after the CPU number.
So for CPU 10, you would normally see "10-...:" indicating that everything
believes that the CPU is online.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Now that sync_sched_exp_select_cpus() and sync_rcu_exp_select_cpus()
are identical aside from the the argument to smp_call_function_single(),
this commit consolidates them with a functional argument.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit brings sync_sched_exp_select_cpus() into alignment with
sync_rcu_exp_select_cpus(), as a first step towards consolidating them
into one function.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Now that synchronize_sched_expedited() uses IPIs, a hook in
rcu_sched_qs(), and the ->expmask field in the rcu_node combining
tree, it is no longer necessary to exclude CPU hotplug. Any
races with CPU hotplug will be detected when attempting to send
the IPI. This commit therefore removes the code excluding
CPU hotplug operations.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
