Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Largely redundant code is used in different places to generate C headers
from offset information extracted from assembly language output.
Consolidate the code in Makefile.lib and use this instead.
Signed-off-by: Matthias Kaehlcke <mka@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Some macro's and defines are needed when parsing memory, and without
compiling the kernel as -g3 they are not available in the debug-symbols.
We use the pre-processor here to extract constants to a dedicated module
for the linux debugger extensions
Top level Kbuild is used to call in and generate the constants file,
while maintaining dependencies on autogenerated files in
include/generated
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/bc3df9c25f57ea72177c066a51a446fc19e2c27f.1462865983.git.jan.kiszka@siemens.com
Signed-off-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com>
Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
time.o gets rebuilt unconditionally due to a leftover Makefile rule
which was placed there for development purposes.
Remove it along with the commented out always rule in the toplevel
Kbuild file.
Fixes: 0a227985d4 'time: Move timeconst.h into include/generated'
Reported-by; Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Nicholas Mc Guire <der.herr@hofr.at>
kernel/time/timeconst.h is moved to include/generated/ and generated
by the top level Kbuild. This allows using timeconst.h in an earlier
build stage.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Mc Guire <hofrat@osadl.org>
Cc: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.m@jp.panasonic.com>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Cc: Andrew Hunter <ahh@google.com>
Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1431951554-5563-1-git-send-email-hofrat@osadl.org
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
$(always) is added to targets by scripts/Makefile.build.
Moreover, filechk does not need .*.cmd files.
Adding these two files to targets is redundant.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Use filechk to generate asm-offsets.h and bounds.h. Based on a patch by
Valdis Kletnieks.
Reported-by: Valdis Kletnieks <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu>
Acked-By: Valdis Kletnieks <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu>
Reviewed-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
This line produces an extra comment line for bounds.h and
asm-offsets.h.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.m@jp.panasonic.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
The rules "cmd_bounds" and "cmd_offsets" are almost the same.
(The difference is only the include guards.) They can be merged.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.m@jp.panasonic.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Commit 5f7efb4 (Kbuild: append missing-syscalls to the default target
list) broke MIPS build.
Reported-tested-and-acked-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Signed-off-by: David Daney <david.daney@cavium.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
* 'kbuild' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mmarek/kbuild-2.6:
initramfs: Fix build break on symbol-prefixed archs
initramfs: fix initramfs size calculation
initramfs: generalize initramfs_data.xxx.S variants
scripts/kallsyms: Enable error messages while hush up unnecessary warnings
scripts/setlocalversion: update comment
kbuild: Use a single clean rule for kernel and external modules
kbuild: Do not run make clean in $(srctree)
scripts/mod/modpost.c: fix commentary accordingly to last changes
kbuild: Really don't clean bounds.h and asm-offsets.h
Partially revert patch:
commit 3234282f33
Author: Jan Beulich <JBeulich@novell.com>
Date: Tue Oct 19 14:52:26 2010 +0100
x86, asm: Fix CFI macro invocations to deal with shortcomings in gas
This breaks MN10300 arch as this changes many instances of instructions
similar to the following:
MOV number,D0
which represents an immediate value load into:
MOV (number),D0
which the assembler then interprets as a load from absolute address.
arch/mn10300/kernel/entry.S:64: Error: Invalid opcode/operands
arch/mn10300/kernel/entry.S:65: Error: junk at end of line, first unrecognized character is `0'
arch/mn10300/kernel/entry.S:74: Error: Invalid opcode/operands
arch/mn10300/kernel/entry.S:74: Error: junk at end of line, first unrecognized character is `1'
arch/mn10300/kernel/entry.S:75: Error: Invalid opcode/operands
arch/mn10300/kernel/entry.S:76: Error: junk at end of line, first unrecognized character is `0'
cc: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com>
cc: Alexander van Heukelum <heukelum@fastmail.fm>
cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
It turns out to generate something like this:
printk ( ("<3>") "something");
The extra parentheses here break the UML compile.
Change the sed-program to add the parentheses only for numbers.
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Alexander van Heukelum <heukelum@fastmail.fm>
Acked-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com>
LKML-Reference: <1287696649.20421.1401306095@webmail.messagingengine.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
gas prior to (perhaps) 2.16.90 has problems with passing non-
parenthesized expressions containing spaces to macros. Spaces, however,
get inserted by cpp between any macro expanding to a number and a
subsequent + or -. For the +, current x86 gas then removes the space
again (future gas may not do so), but for the - the space gets retained
and is then considered a separator between macro arguments.
Fix the respective definitions for both the - and + cases, so that they
neither contain spaces nor make cpp insert any (the latter by adding
seemingly redundant parentheses).
Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com>
LKML-Reference: <4CBDBEBA020000780001E05A@vpn.id2.novell.com>
Cc: Alexander van Heukelum <heukelum@fastmail.fm>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Commit 7d3cc8b tried to keep bounds.h and asm-offsets.h during make
clean by filtering these out of $(clean-files), but they are listed in
$(targets) and $(always) and thus removed automatically. Introduce a new
$(no-clean-files) variable to really skip such files in Makefile.clean.
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
The simplest method was to add an extra asm-offsets.h
file in arch/$ARCH/include/asm that references the generated file.
We can now migrate the architectures one-by-one to reference
the generated file direct - and when done we can delete the
temporary arch/$ARCH/include/asm/asm-offsets.h file.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Adjust the asm symlink support so we do not create the
symlink unless really needed.
We check the precense of include/asm-$ARCH by checking
for the system.h file. We may end up with a stale directory
so it is not enough to check if the directory is present.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Since 97965478a6 ("mm: Get rid of __ZONE_COUNT")
mmzone.h includes bounds.h.
Calling make clean after make prepare removes bounds.h
again so when building external modules this fails.
Signed-off-by: Jan Blunck <jblunck@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
--
Add the ability to pass comments into asm-offsets.h by generating asm
output like
-># comment line
Mips needs this feature to preserve the comments that are in
asm-mips/asm-offsets.h right now.
Then remove the special handling for mips from Kbuild and convert mips to use
the new string to include the comments.
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The use of enums create constants that are not available to the preprocessor
when building the kernel (f.e. MAX_NR_ZONES).
Arch code already has a way to export constants calculated to the preprocessor
through the asm-offsets.c file. Generate something similar for the core
kernel through kbuild.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Move the headers to include/asm-x86 and fixup the
header install make rules
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Preparatory patch for the source merge of arch/i386 and arch/x86_64
into arch/x86. This allows to keep the original arch directories as
stubs for the main Makefiles, Kconfigs et. al during the transition
phase while having the code in the new arch/x86 directory.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Most system calls seems to get added to i386 first. This patch
automatically generates a warning for any new system call which is
implemented on i386 but not the architecture currently being compiled.
On PowerPC at the moment, for example, it results in these warnings:
init/missing_syscalls.h:935:3: warning: #warning syscall sync_file_range not implemented
init/missing_syscalls.h:947:3: warning: #warning syscall getcpu not implemented
init/missing_syscalls.h:950:3: warning: #warning syscall epoll_pwait not implemented
The file scripts/checksyscalls.sh list a number of legacy system calls
that are ignored because they only makes sense on i386 systems.
Other contributors to this patch are Russell King <rmk+lkml@arm.linux.org.uk>
and Stéphane Jourdois <kwisatz@rubis.org>
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
No file in rpm binary package should have the RPM_BUILD_ROOT string in it.
To simplify building of external modules, our kernel-source package
contains some temp files from the Kbuild system. asm/asm-offsets.h is one
of the files that contains the absolute path if make O=$O is used.
* This file was generated by /var/tmp/kernel-source-2.6.14_rc4-build/usr/src/linux-2.6.14-rc4-2/Kbuild
Remove the $RPM_BUILD_ROOT string in the shipped tempfile.
Signed-off-by: Olaf Hering <olh@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Changes to Makefile.kbuild ("kbuild: add -fverbose-asm to i386
Makefile") breaks asm-offset.h file on MIPS. Other archs possibly
suffer this change too but I'm not sure.
Here is a fix just for MIPS.
Signed-off-by: Atsushi Nemoto <anemo@mba.ocn.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
- Move mkdir out of cmd_offsets
- Add input file to sed command instead of using cat
Signed-off-by: Brian Gerst <bgerst@didntduck.org>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
iThis fixes a bug where the generated asm-offsets.h file was saved in
the source tree even with make O=.
Thanks to Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> for the report.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Removed obsolete stuff from arch makefile.
mips had a special rule for generating asm-offsets.h so preserved it
using an architecture specific hook in top-level Kbuild file.
Renamed .h file to asm-offsets.h
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Building asm-offsets.h has been moved to a seperate Kbuild file
located in the top-level directory. This allow us to share the
functionality across the architectures.
The old rules in architecture specific Makefiles will die
in subsequent patches.
Furhtermore the usual kbuild dependency tracking is now used
when deciding to rebuild asm-offsets.s. So we no longer risk
to fail a rebuild caused by asm-offsets.c dependencies being touched.
With this common rule-set we now force the same name across
all architectures. Following patches will fix the rest.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
