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919 Commits
Author | SHA1 | Message | Date | |
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Linus Torvalds
|
ecae0bd517 |
Many singleton patches against the MM code. The patch series which are
included in this merge do the following: - Kemeng Shi has contributed some compation maintenance work in the series "Fixes and cleanups to compaction". - Joel Fernandes has a patchset ("Optimize mremap during mutual alignment within PMD") which fixes an obscure issue with mremap()'s pagetable handling during a subsequent exec(), based upon an implementation which Linus suggested. - More DAMON/DAMOS maintenance and feature work from SeongJae Park i the following patch series: mm/damon: misc fixups for documents, comments and its tracepoint mm/damon: add a tracepoint for damos apply target regions mm/damon: provide pseudo-moving sum based access rate mm/damon: implement DAMOS apply intervals mm/damon/core-test: Fix memory leaks in core-test mm/damon/sysfs-schemes: Do DAMOS tried regions update for only one apply interval - In the series "Do not try to access unaccepted memory" Adrian Hunter provides some fixups for the recently-added "unaccepted memory' feature. To increase the feature's checking coverage. "Plug a few gaps where RAM is exposed without checking if it is unaccepted memory". - In the series "cleanups for lockless slab shrink" Qi Zheng has done some maintenance work which is preparation for the lockless slab shrinking code. - Qi Zheng has redone the earlier (and reverted) attempt to make slab shrinking lockless in the series "use refcount+RCU method to implement lockless slab shrink". - David Hildenbrand contributes some maintenance work for the rmap code in the series "Anon rmap cleanups". - Kefeng Wang does more folio conversions and some maintenance work in the migration code. Series "mm: migrate: more folio conversion and unification". - Matthew Wilcox has fixed an issue in the buffer_head code which was causing long stalls under some heavy memory/IO loads. Some cleanups were added on the way. Series "Add and use bdev_getblk()". - In the series "Use nth_page() in place of direct struct page manipulation" Zi Yan has fixed a potential issue with the direct manipulation of hugetlb page frames. - In the series "mm: hugetlb: Skip initialization of gigantic tail struct pages if freed by HVO" has improved our handling of gigantic pages in the hugetlb vmmemmep optimizaton code. This provides significant boot time improvements when significant amounts of gigantic pages are in use. - Matthew Wilcox has sent the series "Small hugetlb cleanups" - code rationalization and folio conversions in the hugetlb code. - Yin Fengwei has improved mlock()'s handling of large folios in the series "support large folio for mlock" - In the series "Expose swapcache stat for memcg v1" Liu Shixin has added statistics for memcg v1 users which are available (and useful) under memcg v2. - Florent Revest has enhanced the MDWE (Memory-Deny-Write-Executable) prctl so that userspace may direct the kernel to not automatically propagate the denial to child processes. The series is named "MDWE without inheritance". - Kefeng Wang has provided the series "mm: convert numa balancing functions to use a folio" which does what it says. - In the series "mm/ksm: add fork-exec support for prctl" Stefan Roesch makes is possible for a process to propagate KSM treatment across exec(). - Huang Ying has enhanced memory tiering's calculation of memory distances. This is used to permit the dax/kmem driver to use "high bandwidth memory" in addition to Optane Data Center Persistent Memory Modules (DCPMM). The series is named "memory tiering: calculate abstract distance based on ACPI HMAT" - In the series "Smart scanning mode for KSM" Stefan Roesch has optimized KSM by teaching it to retain and use some historical information from previous scans. - Yosry Ahmed has fixed some inconsistencies in memcg statistics in the series "mm: memcg: fix tracking of pending stats updates values". - In the series "Implement IOCTL to get and optionally clear info about PTEs" Peter Xu has added an ioctl to /proc/<pid>/pagemap which permits us to atomically read-then-clear page softdirty state. This is mainly used by CRIU. - Hugh Dickins contributed the series "shmem,tmpfs: general maintenance" - a bunch of relatively minor maintenance tweaks to this code. - Matthew Wilcox has increased the use of the VMA lock over file-backed page faults in the series "Handle more faults under the VMA lock". Some rationalizations of the fault path became possible as a result. - In the series "mm/rmap: convert page_move_anon_rmap() to folio_move_anon_rmap()" David Hildenbrand has implemented some cleanups and folio conversions. - In the series "various improvements to the GUP interface" Lorenzo Stoakes has simplified and improved the GUP interface with an eye to providing groundwork for future improvements. - Andrey Konovalov has sent along the series "kasan: assorted fixes and improvements" which does those things. - Some page allocator maintenance work from Kemeng Shi in the series "Two minor cleanups to break_down_buddy_pages". - In thes series "New selftest for mm" Breno Leitao has developed another MM self test which tickles a race we had between madvise() and page faults. - In the series "Add folio_end_read" Matthew Wilcox provides cleanups and an optimization to the core pagecache code. - Nhat Pham has added memcg accounting for hugetlb memory in the series "hugetlb memcg accounting". - Cleanups and rationalizations to the pagemap code from Lorenzo Stoakes, in the series "Abstract vma_merge() and split_vma()". - Audra Mitchell has fixed issues in the procfs page_owner code's new timestamping feature which was causing some misbehaviours. In the series "Fix page_owner's use of free timestamps". - Lorenzo Stoakes has fixed the handling of new mappings of sealed files in the series "permit write-sealed memfd read-only shared mappings". - Mike Kravetz has optimized the hugetlb vmemmap optimization in the series "Batch hugetlb vmemmap modification operations". - Some buffer_head folio conversions and cleanups from Matthew Wilcox in the series "Finish the create_empty_buffers() transition". - As a page allocator performance optimization Huang Ying has added automatic tuning to the allocator's per-cpu-pages feature, in the series "mm: PCP high auto-tuning". - Roman Gushchin has contributed the patchset "mm: improve performance of accounted kernel memory allocations" which improves their performance by ~30% as measured by a micro-benchmark. - folio conversions from Kefeng Wang in the series "mm: convert page cpupid functions to folios". - Some kmemleak fixups in Liu Shixin's series "Some bugfix about kmemleak". - Qi Zheng has improved our handling of memoryless nodes by keeping them off the allocation fallback list. This is done in the series "handle memoryless nodes more appropriately". - khugepaged conversions from Vishal Moola in the series "Some khugepaged folio conversions". -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- iHUEABYIAB0WIQTTMBEPP41GrTpTJgfdBJ7gKXxAjgUCZULEMwAKCRDdBJ7gKXxA jhQHAQCYpD3g849x69DmHnHWHm/EHQLvQmRMDeYZI+nx/sCJOwEAw4AKg0Oemv9y FgeUPAD1oasg6CP+INZvCj34waNxwAc= =E+Y4 -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- Merge tag 'mm-stable-2023-11-01-14-33' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton: "Many singleton patches against the MM code. The patch series which are included in this merge do the following: - Kemeng Shi has contributed some compation maintenance work in the series 'Fixes and cleanups to compaction' - Joel Fernandes has a patchset ('Optimize mremap during mutual alignment within PMD') which fixes an obscure issue with mremap()'s pagetable handling during a subsequent exec(), based upon an implementation which Linus suggested - More DAMON/DAMOS maintenance and feature work from SeongJae Park i the following patch series: mm/damon: misc fixups for documents, comments and its tracepoint mm/damon: add a tracepoint for damos apply target regions mm/damon: provide pseudo-moving sum based access rate mm/damon: implement DAMOS apply intervals mm/damon/core-test: Fix memory leaks in core-test mm/damon/sysfs-schemes: Do DAMOS tried regions update for only one apply interval - In the series 'Do not try to access unaccepted memory' Adrian Hunter provides some fixups for the recently-added 'unaccepted memory' feature. To increase the feature's checking coverage. 'Plug a few gaps where RAM is exposed without checking if it is unaccepted memory' - In the series 'cleanups for lockless slab shrink' Qi Zheng has done some maintenance work which is preparation for the lockless slab shrinking code - Qi Zheng has redone the earlier (and reverted) attempt to make slab shrinking lockless in the series 'use refcount+RCU method to implement lockless slab shrink' - David Hildenbrand contributes some maintenance work for the rmap code in the series 'Anon rmap cleanups' - Kefeng Wang does more folio conversions and some maintenance work in the migration code. Series 'mm: migrate: more folio conversion and unification' - Matthew Wilcox has fixed an issue in the buffer_head code which was causing long stalls under some heavy memory/IO loads. Some cleanups were added on the way. Series 'Add and use bdev_getblk()' - In the series 'Use nth_page() in place of direct struct page manipulation' Zi Yan has fixed a potential issue with the direct manipulation of hugetlb page frames - In the series 'mm: hugetlb: Skip initialization of gigantic tail struct pages if freed by HVO' has improved our handling of gigantic pages in the hugetlb vmmemmep optimizaton code. This provides significant boot time improvements when significant amounts of gigantic pages are in use - Matthew Wilcox has sent the series 'Small hugetlb cleanups' - code rationalization and folio conversions in the hugetlb code - Yin Fengwei has improved mlock()'s handling of large folios in the series 'support large folio for mlock' - In the series 'Expose swapcache stat for memcg v1' Liu Shixin has added statistics for memcg v1 users which are available (and useful) under memcg v2 - Florent Revest has enhanced the MDWE (Memory-Deny-Write-Executable) prctl so that userspace may direct the kernel to not automatically propagate the denial to child processes. The series is named 'MDWE without inheritance' - Kefeng Wang has provided the series 'mm: convert numa balancing functions to use a folio' which does what it says - In the series 'mm/ksm: add fork-exec support for prctl' Stefan Roesch makes is possible for a process to propagate KSM treatment across exec() - Huang Ying has enhanced memory tiering's calculation of memory distances. This is used to permit the dax/kmem driver to use 'high bandwidth memory' in addition to Optane Data Center Persistent Memory Modules (DCPMM). The series is named 'memory tiering: calculate abstract distance based on ACPI HMAT' - In the series 'Smart scanning mode for KSM' Stefan Roesch has optimized KSM by teaching it to retain and use some historical information from previous scans - Yosry Ahmed has fixed some inconsistencies in memcg statistics in the series 'mm: memcg: fix tracking of pending stats updates values' - In the series 'Implement IOCTL to get and optionally clear info about PTEs' Peter Xu has added an ioctl to /proc/<pid>/pagemap which permits us to atomically read-then-clear page softdirty state. This is mainly used by CRIU - Hugh Dickins contributed the series 'shmem,tmpfs: general maintenance', a bunch of relatively minor maintenance tweaks to this code - Matthew Wilcox has increased the use of the VMA lock over file-backed page faults in the series 'Handle more faults under the VMA lock'. Some rationalizations of the fault path became possible as a result - In the series 'mm/rmap: convert page_move_anon_rmap() to folio_move_anon_rmap()' David Hildenbrand has implemented some cleanups and folio conversions - In the series 'various improvements to the GUP interface' Lorenzo Stoakes has simplified and improved the GUP interface with an eye to providing groundwork for future improvements - Andrey Konovalov has sent along the series 'kasan: assorted fixes and improvements' which does those things - Some page allocator maintenance work from Kemeng Shi in the series 'Two minor cleanups to break_down_buddy_pages' - In thes series 'New selftest for mm' Breno Leitao has developed another MM self test which tickles a race we had between madvise() and page faults - In the series 'Add folio_end_read' Matthew Wilcox provides cleanups and an optimization to the core pagecache code - Nhat Pham has added memcg accounting for hugetlb memory in the series 'hugetlb memcg accounting' - Cleanups and rationalizations to the pagemap code from Lorenzo Stoakes, in the series 'Abstract vma_merge() and split_vma()' - Audra Mitchell has fixed issues in the procfs page_owner code's new timestamping feature which was causing some misbehaviours. In the series 'Fix page_owner's use of free timestamps' - Lorenzo Stoakes has fixed the handling of new mappings of sealed files in the series 'permit write-sealed memfd read-only shared mappings' - Mike Kravetz has optimized the hugetlb vmemmap optimization in the series 'Batch hugetlb vmemmap modification operations' - Some buffer_head folio conversions and cleanups from Matthew Wilcox in the series 'Finish the create_empty_buffers() transition' - As a page allocator performance optimization Huang Ying has added automatic tuning to the allocator's per-cpu-pages feature, in the series 'mm: PCP high auto-tuning' - Roman Gushchin has contributed the patchset 'mm: improve performance of accounted kernel memory allocations' which improves their performance by ~30% as measured by a micro-benchmark - folio conversions from Kefeng Wang in the series 'mm: convert page cpupid functions to folios' - Some kmemleak fixups in Liu Shixin's series 'Some bugfix about kmemleak' - Qi Zheng has improved our handling of memoryless nodes by keeping them off the allocation fallback list. This is done in the series 'handle memoryless nodes more appropriately' - khugepaged conversions from Vishal Moola in the series 'Some khugepaged folio conversions'" [ bcachefs conflicts with the dynamically allocated shrinkers have been resolved as per Stephen Rothwell in https://lore.kernel.org/all/20230913093553.4290421e@canb.auug.org.au/ with help from Qi Zheng. The clone3 test filtering conflict was half-arsed by yours truly ] * tag 'mm-stable-2023-11-01-14-33' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (406 commits) mm/damon/sysfs: update monitoring target regions for online input commit mm/damon/sysfs: remove requested targets when online-commit inputs selftests: add a sanity check for zswap Documentation: maple_tree: fix word spelling error mm/vmalloc: fix the unchecked dereference warning in vread_iter() zswap: export compression failure stats Documentation: ubsan: drop "the" from article title mempolicy: migration attempt to match interleave nodes mempolicy: mmap_lock is not needed while migrating folios mempolicy: alloc_pages_mpol() for NUMA policy without vma mm: add page_rmappable_folio() wrapper mempolicy: remove confusing MPOL_MF_LAZY dead code mempolicy: mpol_shared_policy_init() without pseudo-vma mempolicy trivia: use pgoff_t in shared mempolicy tree mempolicy trivia: slightly more consistent naming mempolicy trivia: delete those ancient pr_debug()s mempolicy: fix migrate_pages(2) syscall return nr_failed kernfs: drop shared NUMA mempolicy hooks hugetlbfs: drop shared NUMA mempolicy pretence mm/damon/sysfs-test: add a unit test for damon_sysfs_set_targets() ... |
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Hugh Dickins
|
ddc1a5cbc0 |
mempolicy: alloc_pages_mpol() for NUMA policy without vma
Shrink shmem's stack usage by eliminating the pseudo-vma from its folio
allocation. alloc_pages_mpol(gfp, order, pol, ilx, nid) becomes the
principal actor for passing mempolicy choice down to __alloc_pages(),
rather than vma_alloc_folio(gfp, order, vma, addr, hugepage).
vma_alloc_folio() and alloc_pages() remain, but as wrappers around
alloc_pages_mpol(). alloc_pages_bulk_*() untouched, except to provide the
additional args to policy_nodemask(), which subsumes policy_node().
Cleanup throughout, cutting out some unhelpful "helpers".
It would all be much simpler without MPOL_INTERLEAVE, but that adds a
dynamic to the constant mpol: complicated by v3.6 commit
|
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Jeff Layton
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d162a3cf6e
|
ipc: convert to new timestamp accessors
Convert to using the new inode timestamp accessor functions. Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231004185347.80880-78-jlayton@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> |
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Linus Torvalds
|
df57721f9a |
Add x86 shadow stack support
Convert IBT selftest to asm to fix objtool warning -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- iQIzBAABCgAdFiEEV76QKkVc4xCGURexaDWVMHDJkrAFAmTv1QQACgkQaDWVMHDJ krAUwhAAn6TOwHJK8BSkHeiQhON1nrlP3c5cv0AyZ2NP8RYDrZrSZvhpYBJ6wgKC Cx5CGq5nn9twYsYS3KsktLKDfR3lRdsQ7K9qtyFtYiaeaVKo+7gEKl/K+klwai8/ gninQWHk0zmSCja8Vi77q52WOMkQKapT8+vaON9EVDO8dVEi+CvhAIfPwMafuiwO Rk4X86SzoZu9FP79LcCg9XyGC/XbM2OG9eNUTSCKT40qTTKm5y4gix687NvAlaHR ko5MTsdl0Wfp6Qk0ohT74LnoA2c1g/FluvZIM33ci/2rFpkf9Hw7ip3lUXqn6CPx rKiZ+pVRc0xikVWkraMfIGMJfUd2rhelp8OyoozD7DB7UZw40Q4RW4N5tgq9Fhe9 MQs3p1v9N8xHdRKl365UcOczUxNAmv4u0nV5gY/4FMC6VjldCl2V9fmqYXyzFS4/ Ogg4FSd7c2JyGFKPs+5uXyi+RY2qOX4+nzHOoKD7SY616IYqtgKoz5usxETLwZ6s VtJOmJL0h//z0A7tBliB0zd+SQ5UQQBDC2XouQH2fNX2isJMn0UDmWJGjaHgK6Hh 8jVp6LNqf+CEQS387UxckOyj7fu438hDky1Ggaw4YqowEOhQeqLVO4++x+HITrbp AupXfbJw9h9cMN63Yc0gVxXQ9IMZ+M7UxLtZ3Cd8/PVztNy/clA= =3UUm -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- Merge tag 'x86_shstk_for_6.6-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull x86 shadow stack support from Dave Hansen: "This is the long awaited x86 shadow stack support, part of Intel's Control-flow Enforcement Technology (CET). CET consists of two related security features: shadow stacks and indirect branch tracking. This series implements just the shadow stack part of this feature, and just for userspace. The main use case for shadow stack is providing protection against return oriented programming attacks. It works by maintaining a secondary (shadow) stack using a special memory type that has protections against modification. When executing a CALL instruction, the processor pushes the return address to both the normal stack and to the special permission shadow stack. Upon RET, the processor pops the shadow stack copy and compares it to the normal stack copy. For more information, refer to the links below for the earlier versions of this patch set" Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220130211838.8382-1-rick.p.edgecombe@intel.com/ Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20230613001108.3040476-1-rick.p.edgecombe@intel.com/ * tag 'x86_shstk_for_6.6-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (47 commits) x86/shstk: Change order of __user in type x86/ibt: Convert IBT selftest to asm x86/shstk: Don't retry vm_munmap() on -EINTR x86/kbuild: Fix Documentation/ reference x86/shstk: Move arch detail comment out of core mm x86/shstk: Add ARCH_SHSTK_STATUS x86/shstk: Add ARCH_SHSTK_UNLOCK x86: Add PTRACE interface for shadow stack selftests/x86: Add shadow stack test x86/cpufeatures: Enable CET CR4 bit for shadow stack x86/shstk: Wire in shadow stack interface x86: Expose thread features in /proc/$PID/status x86/shstk: Support WRSS for userspace x86/shstk: Introduce map_shadow_stack syscall x86/shstk: Check that signal frame is shadow stack mem x86/shstk: Check that SSP is aligned on sigreturn x86/shstk: Handle signals for shadow stack x86/shstk: Introduce routines modifying shstk x86/shstk: Handle thread shadow stack x86/shstk: Add user-mode shadow stack support ... |
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Linus Torvalds
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adfd671676 |
sysctl-6.6-rc1
Long ago we set out to remove the kitchen sink on kernel/sysctl.c arrays and placings sysctls to their own sybsystem or file to help avoid merge conflicts. Matthew Wilcox pointed out though that if we're going to do that we might as well also *save* space while at it and try to remove the extra last sysctl entry added at the end of each array, a sentintel, instead of bloating the kernel by adding a new sentinel with each array moved. Doing that was not so trivial, and has required slowing down the moves of kernel/sysctl.c arrays and measuring the impact on size by each new move. The complex part of the effort to help reduce the size of each sysctl is being done by the patient work of el señor Don Joel Granados. A lot of this is truly painful code refactoring and testing and then trying to measure the savings of each move and removing the sentinels. Although Joel already has code which does most of this work, experience with sysctl moves in the past shows is we need to be careful due to the slew of odd build failures that are possible due to the amount of random Kconfig options sysctls use. To that end Joel's work is split by first addressing the major housekeeping needed to remove the sentinels, which is part of this merge request. The rest of the work to actually remove the sentinels will be done later in future kernel releases. At first I was only going to send his first 7 patches of his patch series, posted 1 month ago, but in retrospect due to the testing the changes have received in linux-next and the minor changes they make this goes with the entire set of patches Joel had planned: just sysctl house keeping. There are networking changes but these are part of the house keeping too. The preliminary math is showing this will all help reduce the overall build time size of the kernel and run time memory consumed by the kernel by about ~64 bytes per array where we are able to remove each sentinel in the future. That also means there is no more bloating the kernel with the extra ~64 bytes per array moved as no new sentinels are created. Most of this has been in linux-next for about a month, the last 7 patches took a minor refresh 2 week ago based on feedback. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- iQJGBAABCgAwFiEENnNq2KuOejlQLZofziMdCjCSiKcFAmTuVnMSHG1jZ3JvZkBr ZXJuZWwub3JnAAoJEM4jHQowkoinIckP/imvRlfkO6L0IP7MmJBRPtwY01rsTAKO Q14dZ//bG4DVQeGl1FdzrF6hhuLgekU0qW1YDFIWiCXO7CbaxaNBPSUkeW6ReVoC R/VHNUPxSR1PWQy1OTJV2t4XKri2sB7ijmUsfsATtISwhei9bggTHEysShtP4tv+ U87DzhoqMnbYIsfMo49KCqOa1Qm7TmjC1a7WAp6Fph3GJuXAzZR5pXpsd0NtOZ9x Ud5RT22icnQpMl7K+yPsqY6XcS5JkgBe/WbSzMAUkYZvBZFBq9t2D+OW5h9TZMhw piJWQ9X0Rm7qI2D15mJfXwaOhhyDhWci391hzdJmS6DI0prf6Ma2NFdAWOt/zomI uiRujS4bGeBUaK5F4TX2WQ1+jdMtAZ+0FncFnzt4U8q7dzUc91uVCm6iHW3gcfAb N7OEg2ZL0gkkgCZHqKxN8wpNQiC2KwnNk+HLAbnL2a/oJYfBtdopQmlxWfrN2hpF xxROiENqk483BRdMXDq6DR/gyDZmZWCobXIglSzlqCOjCOcLbDziIJ7pJk83ok09 h/QnXTYHf9protBq9OIQesgh2pwNzBBLifK84KZLKcb7IbdIKjpQrW5STp04oNGf wcGJzEz8tXUe0UKyMM47AcHQGzIy6cdXNLjyF8a+m7rnZzr1ndnMqZyRStZzuQin AUg2VWHKPmW9 =sq2p -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- Merge tag 'sysctl-6.6-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mcgrof/linux Pull sysctl updates from Luis Chamberlain: "Long ago we set out to remove the kitchen sink on kernel/sysctl.c arrays and placings sysctls to their own sybsystem or file to help avoid merge conflicts. Matthew Wilcox pointed out though that if we're going to do that we might as well also *save* space while at it and try to remove the extra last sysctl entry added at the end of each array, a sentintel, instead of bloating the kernel by adding a new sentinel with each array moved. Doing that was not so trivial, and has required slowing down the moves of kernel/sysctl.c arrays and measuring the impact on size by each new move. The complex part of the effort to help reduce the size of each sysctl is being done by the patient work of el señor Don Joel Granados. A lot of this is truly painful code refactoring and testing and then trying to measure the savings of each move and removing the sentinels. Although Joel already has code which does most of this work, experience with sysctl moves in the past shows is we need to be careful due to the slew of odd build failures that are possible due to the amount of random Kconfig options sysctls use. To that end Joel's work is split by first addressing the major housekeeping needed to remove the sentinels, which is part of this merge request. The rest of the work to actually remove the sentinels will be done later in future kernel releases. The preliminary math is showing this will all help reduce the overall build time size of the kernel and run time memory consumed by the kernel by about ~64 bytes per array where we are able to remove each sentinel in the future. That also means there is no more bloating the kernel with the extra ~64 bytes per array moved as no new sentinels are created" * tag 'sysctl-6.6-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mcgrof/linux: sysctl: Use ctl_table_size as stopping criteria for list macro sysctl: SIZE_MAX->ARRAY_SIZE in register_net_sysctl vrf: Update to register_net_sysctl_sz networking: Update to register_net_sysctl_sz netfilter: Update to register_net_sysctl_sz ax.25: Update to register_net_sysctl_sz sysctl: Add size to register_net_sysctl function sysctl: Add size arg to __register_sysctl_init sysctl: Add size to register_sysctl sysctl: Add a size arg to __register_sysctl_table sysctl: Add size argument to init_header sysctl: Add ctl_table_size to ctl_table_header sysctl: Use ctl_table_header in list_for_each_table_entry sysctl: Prefer ctl_table_header in proc_sysctl |
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Linus Torvalds
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d68b4b6f30 |
- An extensive rework of kexec and crash Kconfig from Eric DeVolder
("refactor Kconfig to consolidate KEXEC and CRASH options"). - kernel.h slimming work from Andy Shevchenko ("kernel.h: Split out a couple of macros to args.h"). - gdb feature work from Kuan-Ying Lee ("Add GDB memory helper commands"). - vsprintf inclusion rationalization from Andy Shevchenko ("lib/vsprintf: Rework header inclusions"). - Switch the handling of kdump from a udev scheme to in-kernel handling, by Eric DeVolder ("crash: Kernel handling of CPU and memory hot un/plug"). - Many singleton patches to various parts of the tree -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- iHUEABYIAB0WIQTTMBEPP41GrTpTJgfdBJ7gKXxAjgUCZO2GpAAKCRDdBJ7gKXxA juW3AQD1moHzlSN6x9I3tjm5TWWNYFoFL8af7wXDJspp/DWH/AD/TO0XlWWhhbYy QHy7lL0Syha38kKLMXTM+bN6YQHi9AU= =WJQa -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- Merge tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2023-08-28-22-48' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm Pull non-MM updates from Andrew Morton: - An extensive rework of kexec and crash Kconfig from Eric DeVolder ("refactor Kconfig to consolidate KEXEC and CRASH options") - kernel.h slimming work from Andy Shevchenko ("kernel.h: Split out a couple of macros to args.h") - gdb feature work from Kuan-Ying Lee ("Add GDB memory helper commands") - vsprintf inclusion rationalization from Andy Shevchenko ("lib/vsprintf: Rework header inclusions") - Switch the handling of kdump from a udev scheme to in-kernel handling, by Eric DeVolder ("crash: Kernel handling of CPU and memory hot un/plug") - Many singleton patches to various parts of the tree * tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2023-08-28-22-48' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (81 commits) document while_each_thread(), change first_tid() to use for_each_thread() drivers/char/mem.c: shrink character device's devlist[] array x86/crash: optimize CPU changes crash: change crash_prepare_elf64_headers() to for_each_possible_cpu() crash: hotplug support for kexec_load() x86/crash: add x86 crash hotplug support crash: memory and CPU hotplug sysfs attributes kexec: exclude elfcorehdr from the segment digest crash: add generic infrastructure for crash hotplug support crash: move a few code bits to setup support of crash hotplug kstrtox: consistently use _tolower() kill do_each_thread() nilfs2: fix WARNING in mark_buffer_dirty due to discarded buffer reuse scripts/bloat-o-meter: count weak symbol sizes treewide: drop CONFIG_EMBEDDED lockdep: fix static memory detection even more lib/vsprintf: declare no_hash_pointers in sprintf.h lib/vsprintf: split out sprintf() and friends kernel/fork: stop playing lockless games for exe_file replacement adfs: delete unused "union adfs_dirtail" definition ... |
||
Christophe JAILLET
|
b46fae0615 |
ipc/sem: use flexible array in 'struct sem_undo'
Turn 'semadj' in 'struct sem_undo' into a flexible array. The advantages are: - save the size of a pointer when the new undo structure is allocated - avoid some always ugly pointer arithmetic to get the address of semadj - avoid an indirection when the array is accessed While at it, use struct_size() to compute the size of the new undo structure. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1ba993d443ad7e16ac2b1902adab1f05ebdfa454.1688918791.git.christophe.jaillet@wanadoo.fr Signed-off-by: Christophe JAILLET <christophe.jaillet@wanadoo.fr> Reviewed-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com> Reviewed-by: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net> Cc: Christophe JAILLET <christophe.jaillet@wanadoo.fr> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> |
||
Joel Granados
|
bff97cf11b |
sysctl: Add a size arg to __register_sysctl_table
We make these changes in order to prepare __register_sysctl_table and its callers for when we remove the sentinel element (empty element at the end of ctl_table arrays). We don't actually remove any sentinels in this commit, but we *do* make sure to use ARRAY_SIZE so the table_size is available when the removal occurs. We add a table_size argument to __register_sysctl_table and adjust callers, all of which pass ctl_table pointers and need an explicit call to ARRAY_SIZE. We implement a size calculation in register_net_sysctl in order to forward the size of the array pointer received from the network register calls. The new table_size argument does not yet have any effect in the init_header call which is still dependent on the sentinel's presence. table_size *does* however drive the `kzalloc` allocation in __register_sysctl_table with no adverse effects as the allocated memory is either one element greater than the calculated ctl_table array (for the calls in ipc_sysctl.c, mq_sysctl.c and ucount.c) or the exact size of the calculated ctl_table array (for the call from sysctl_net.c and register_sysctl). This approach will allows us to "just" remove the sentinel without further changes to __register_sysctl_table as table_size will represent the exact size for all the callers at that point. Signed-off-by: Joel Granados <j.granados@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org> |
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Jeff Layton
|
783904f50a |
mqueue: convert to ctime accessor functions
In later patches, we're going to change how the inode's ctime field is used. Switch to using accessor functions instead of raw accesses of inode->i_ctime. Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Message-Id: <20230705190309.579783-83-jlayton@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> |
||
Yu-cheng Yu
|
592b5fad16 |
mm: Re-introduce vm_flags to do_mmap()
There was no more caller passing vm_flags to do_mmap(), and vm_flags was
removed from the function's input by:
commit
|
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Linus Torvalds
|
3df88c6a17 |
Merge branch 'work.namespace' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs
Pull ipc namespace update from Al Viro: "Rik's patches reducing the amount of synchronize_rcu() triggered by ipc namespace destruction. I've some pending stuff reducing that on the normal umount side, but it's nowhere near ready and Rik's stuff shouldn't be held back due to conflicts - I'll just redo the parts of my series that stray into ipc/*" * 'work.namespace' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: ipc,namespace: batch free ipc_namespace structures ipc,namespace: make ipc namespace allocation wait for pending free |
||
Linus Torvalds
|
3822a7c409 |
- Daniel Verkamp has contributed a memfd series ("mm/memfd: add
F_SEAL_EXEC") which permits the setting of the memfd execute bit at memfd creation time, with the option of sealing the state of the X bit. - Peter Xu adds a patch series ("mm/hugetlb: Make huge_pte_offset() thread-safe for pmd unshare") which addresses a rare race condition related to PMD unsharing. - Several folioification patch serieses from Matthew Wilcox, Vishal Moola, Sidhartha Kumar and Lorenzo Stoakes - Johannes Weiner has a series ("mm: push down lock_page_memcg()") which does perform some memcg maintenance and cleanup work. - SeongJae Park has added DAMOS filtering to DAMON, with the series "mm/damon/core: implement damos filter". These filters provide users with finer-grained control over DAMOS's actions. SeongJae has also done some DAMON cleanup work. - Kairui Song adds a series ("Clean up and fixes for swap"). - Vernon Yang contributed the series "Clean up and refinement for maple tree". - Yu Zhao has contributed the "mm: multi-gen LRU: memcg LRU" series. It adds to MGLRU an LRU of memcgs, to improve the scalability of global reclaim. - David Hildenbrand has added some userfaultfd cleanup work in the series "mm: uffd-wp + change_protection() cleanups". - Christoph Hellwig has removed the generic_writepages() library function in the series "remove generic_writepages". - Baolin Wang has performed some maintenance on the compaction code in his series "Some small improvements for compaction". - Sidhartha Kumar is doing some maintenance work on struct page in his series "Get rid of tail page fields". - David Hildenbrand contributed some cleanup, bugfixing and generalization of pte management and of pte debugging in his series "mm: support __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SWP_EXCLUSIVE on all architectures with swap PTEs". - Mel Gorman and Neil Brown have removed the __GFP_ATOMIC allocation flag in the series "Discard __GFP_ATOMIC". - Sergey Senozhatsky has improved zsmalloc's memory utilization with his series "zsmalloc: make zspage chain size configurable". - Joey Gouly has added prctl() support for prohibiting the creation of writeable+executable mappings. The previous BPF-based approach had shortcomings. See "mm: In-kernel support for memory-deny-write-execute (MDWE)". - Waiman Long did some kmemleak cleanup and bugfixing in the series "mm/kmemleak: Simplify kmemleak_cond_resched() & fix UAF". - T.J. Alumbaugh has contributed some MGLRU cleanup work in his series "mm: multi-gen LRU: improve". - Jiaqi Yan has provided some enhancements to our memory error statistics reporting, mainly by presenting the statistics on a per-node basis. See the series "Introduce per NUMA node memory error statistics". - Mel Gorman has a second and hopefully final shot at fixing a CPU-hog regression in compaction via his series "Fix excessive CPU usage during compaction". - Christoph Hellwig does some vmalloc maintenance work in the series "cleanup vfree and vunmap". - Christoph Hellwig has removed block_device_operations.rw_page() in ths series "remove ->rw_page". - We get some maple_tree improvements and cleanups in Liam Howlett's series "VMA tree type safety and remove __vma_adjust()". - Suren Baghdasaryan has done some work on the maintainability of our vm_flags handling in the series "introduce vm_flags modifier functions". - Some pagemap cleanup and generalization work in Mike Rapoport's series "mm, arch: add generic implementation of pfn_valid() for FLATMEM" and "fixups for generic implementation of pfn_valid()" - Baoquan He has done some work to make /proc/vmallocinfo and /proc/kcore better represent the real state of things in his series "mm/vmalloc.c: allow vread() to read out vm_map_ram areas". - Jason Gunthorpe rationalized the GUP system's interface to the rest of the kernel in the series "Simplify the external interface for GUP". - SeongJae Park wishes to migrate people from DAMON's debugfs interface over to its sysfs interface. To support this, we'll temporarily be printing warnings when people use the debugfs interface. See the series "mm/damon: deprecate DAMON debugfs interface". - Andrey Konovalov provided the accurately named "lib/stackdepot: fixes and clean-ups" series. - Huang Ying has provided a dramatic reduction in migration's TLB flush IPI rates with the series "migrate_pages(): batch TLB flushing". - Arnd Bergmann has some objtool fixups in "objtool warning fixes". -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- iHUEABYIAB0WIQTTMBEPP41GrTpTJgfdBJ7gKXxAjgUCY/PoPQAKCRDdBJ7gKXxA jlvpAPsFECUBBl20qSue2zCYWnHC7Yk4q9ytTkPB/MMDrFEN9wD/SNKEm2UoK6/K DmxHkn0LAitGgJRS/W9w81yrgig9tAQ= =MlGs -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- Merge tag 'mm-stable-2023-02-20-13-37' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton: - Daniel Verkamp has contributed a memfd series ("mm/memfd: add F_SEAL_EXEC") which permits the setting of the memfd execute bit at memfd creation time, with the option of sealing the state of the X bit. - Peter Xu adds a patch series ("mm/hugetlb: Make huge_pte_offset() thread-safe for pmd unshare") which addresses a rare race condition related to PMD unsharing. - Several folioification patch serieses from Matthew Wilcox, Vishal Moola, Sidhartha Kumar and Lorenzo Stoakes - Johannes Weiner has a series ("mm: push down lock_page_memcg()") which does perform some memcg maintenance and cleanup work. - SeongJae Park has added DAMOS filtering to DAMON, with the series "mm/damon/core: implement damos filter". These filters provide users with finer-grained control over DAMOS's actions. SeongJae has also done some DAMON cleanup work. - Kairui Song adds a series ("Clean up and fixes for swap"). - Vernon Yang contributed the series "Clean up and refinement for maple tree". - Yu Zhao has contributed the "mm: multi-gen LRU: memcg LRU" series. It adds to MGLRU an LRU of memcgs, to improve the scalability of global reclaim. - David Hildenbrand has added some userfaultfd cleanup work in the series "mm: uffd-wp + change_protection() cleanups". - Christoph Hellwig has removed the generic_writepages() library function in the series "remove generic_writepages". - Baolin Wang has performed some maintenance on the compaction code in his series "Some small improvements for compaction". - Sidhartha Kumar is doing some maintenance work on struct page in his series "Get rid of tail page fields". - David Hildenbrand contributed some cleanup, bugfixing and generalization of pte management and of pte debugging in his series "mm: support __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SWP_EXCLUSIVE on all architectures with swap PTEs". - Mel Gorman and Neil Brown have removed the __GFP_ATOMIC allocation flag in the series "Discard __GFP_ATOMIC". - Sergey Senozhatsky has improved zsmalloc's memory utilization with his series "zsmalloc: make zspage chain size configurable". - Joey Gouly has added prctl() support for prohibiting the creation of writeable+executable mappings. The previous BPF-based approach had shortcomings. See "mm: In-kernel support for memory-deny-write-execute (MDWE)". - Waiman Long did some kmemleak cleanup and bugfixing in the series "mm/kmemleak: Simplify kmemleak_cond_resched() & fix UAF". - T.J. Alumbaugh has contributed some MGLRU cleanup work in his series "mm: multi-gen LRU: improve". - Jiaqi Yan has provided some enhancements to our memory error statistics reporting, mainly by presenting the statistics on a per-node basis. See the series "Introduce per NUMA node memory error statistics". - Mel Gorman has a second and hopefully final shot at fixing a CPU-hog regression in compaction via his series "Fix excessive CPU usage during compaction". - Christoph Hellwig does some vmalloc maintenance work in the series "cleanup vfree and vunmap". - Christoph Hellwig has removed block_device_operations.rw_page() in ths series "remove ->rw_page". - We get some maple_tree improvements and cleanups in Liam Howlett's series "VMA tree type safety and remove __vma_adjust()". - Suren Baghdasaryan has done some work on the maintainability of our vm_flags handling in the series "introduce vm_flags modifier functions". - Some pagemap cleanup and generalization work in Mike Rapoport's series "mm, arch: add generic implementation of pfn_valid() for FLATMEM" and "fixups for generic implementation of pfn_valid()" - Baoquan He has done some work to make /proc/vmallocinfo and /proc/kcore better represent the real state of things in his series "mm/vmalloc.c: allow vread() to read out vm_map_ram areas". - Jason Gunthorpe rationalized the GUP system's interface to the rest of the kernel in the series "Simplify the external interface for GUP". - SeongJae Park wishes to migrate people from DAMON's debugfs interface over to its sysfs interface. To support this, we'll temporarily be printing warnings when people use the debugfs interface. See the series "mm/damon: deprecate DAMON debugfs interface". - Andrey Konovalov provided the accurately named "lib/stackdepot: fixes and clean-ups" series. - Huang Ying has provided a dramatic reduction in migration's TLB flush IPI rates with the series "migrate_pages(): batch TLB flushing". - Arnd Bergmann has some objtool fixups in "objtool warning fixes". * tag 'mm-stable-2023-02-20-13-37' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (505 commits) include/linux/migrate.h: remove unneeded externs mm/memory_hotplug: cleanup return value handing in do_migrate_range() mm/uffd: fix comment in handling pte markers mm: change to return bool for isolate_movable_page() mm: hugetlb: change to return bool for isolate_hugetlb() mm: change to return bool for isolate_lru_page() mm: change to return bool for folio_isolate_lru() objtool: add UACCESS exceptions for __tsan_volatile_read/write kmsan: disable ftrace in kmsan core code kasan: mark addr_has_metadata __always_inline mm: memcontrol: rename memcg_kmem_enabled() sh: initialize max_mapnr m68k/nommu: add missing definition of ARCH_PFN_OFFSET mm: percpu: fix incorrect size in pcpu_obj_full_size() maple_tree: reduce stack usage with gcc-9 and earlier mm: page_alloc: call panic() when memoryless node allocation fails mm: multi-gen LRU: avoid futile retries migrate_pages: move THP/hugetlb migration support check to simplify code migrate_pages: batch flushing TLB migrate_pages: share more code between _unmap and _move ... |
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Liam R. Howlett
|
27b2670112 |
ipc/shm: introduce new do_vma_munmap() to munmap
The shm already has the vma iterator in position for a write. do_vmi_munmap() searches for the correct position and aligns the write, so it is not the right function to use in this case. The shm VMA tree modification is similar to the brk munmap situation, the vma iterator is in position and the VMA is already known. This patch generalizes the brk munmap function do_brk_munmap() to be used for any other callers with the vma iterator already in position to munmap a VMA. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230126212049.980501-1-Liam.Howlett@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Reported-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/yt9dh6wec21a.fsf@linux.ibm.com/ Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> |
||
Liam R. Howlett
|
d60beb1f69 |
ipc/shm: use the vma iterator for munmap calls
Pass through the vma iterator to do_vmi_munmap() to handle the iterator state internally Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230120162650.984577-16-Liam.Howlett@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> |
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Rik van Riel
|
da27f796a8 |
ipc,namespace: batch free ipc_namespace structures
Instead of waiting for an RCU grace period between each ipc_namespace structure that is being freed, wait an RCU grace period for every batch of ipc_namespace structures. Thanks to Al Viro for the suggestion of the helper function. This speeds up the run time of the test case that allocates ipc_namespaces in a loop from 6 minutes, to a little over 1 second: real 0m1.192s user 0m0.038s sys 0m1.152s Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Reported-by: Chris Mason <clm@meta.com> Tested-by: Giuseppe Scrivano <gscrivan@redhat.com> Suggested-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> |
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Rik van Riel
|
a80c4adcb5 |
ipc,namespace: make ipc namespace allocation wait for pending free
Currently the ipc namespace allocation will fail when there are ipc_namespace structures pending to be freed. This results in the simple test case below, as well as some real world workloads, to get allocation failures even when the number of ipc namespaces in actual use is way below the limit. int main() { int i; for (i = 0; i < 100000; i++) { if (unshare(CLONE_NEWIPC) < 0) error(EXIT_FAILURE, errno, "unshare"); } } Make the allocation of an ipc_namespace wait for pending frees, so it will succeed. real 6m19.197s user 0m0.041s sys 0m1.019s Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Reported-by: Chris Mason <clm@meta.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> |
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Christian Brauner
|
4609e1f18e
|
fs: port ->permission() to pass mnt_idmap
Convert to struct mnt_idmap.
Last cycle we merged the necessary infrastructure in
|
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Christian Brauner
|
6c960e68aa
|
fs: port ->create() to pass mnt_idmap
Convert to struct mnt_idmap.
Last cycle we merged the necessary infrastructure in
|
||
Christian Brauner
|
abf08576af
|
fs: port vfs_*() helpers to struct mnt_idmap
Convert to struct mnt_idmap.
Last cycle we merged the necessary infrastructure in
|
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Linus Torvalds
|
8702f2c611 |
Non-MM patches for 6.2-rc1.
- A ptrace API cleanup series from Sergey Shtylyov - Fixes and cleanups for kexec from ye xingchen - nilfs2 updates from Ryusuke Konishi - squashfs feature work from Xiaoming Ni: permit configuration of the filesystem's compression concurrency from the mount command line. - A series from Akinobu Mita which addresses bound checking errors when writing to debugfs files. - A series from Yang Yingliang to address rapido memory leaks - A series from Zheng Yejian to address possible overflow errors in encode_comp_t(). - And a whole shower of singleton patches all over the place. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- iHUEABYKAB0WIQTTMBEPP41GrTpTJgfdBJ7gKXxAjgUCY5efRgAKCRDdBJ7gKXxA jgvdAP0al6oFDtaSsshIdNhrzcMwfjt6PfVxxHdLmNhF1hX2dwD/SVluS1bPSP7y 0sZp7Ustu3YTb8aFkMl96Y9m9mY1Nwg= =ga5B -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- Merge tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2022-12-12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm Pull non-MM updates from Andrew Morton: - A ptrace API cleanup series from Sergey Shtylyov - Fixes and cleanups for kexec from ye xingchen - nilfs2 updates from Ryusuke Konishi - squashfs feature work from Xiaoming Ni: permit configuration of the filesystem's compression concurrency from the mount command line - A series from Akinobu Mita which addresses bound checking errors when writing to debugfs files - A series from Yang Yingliang to address rapidio memory leaks - A series from Zheng Yejian to address possible overflow errors in encode_comp_t() - And a whole shower of singleton patches all over the place * tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2022-12-12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (79 commits) ipc: fix memory leak in init_mqueue_fs() hfsplus: fix bug causing custom uid and gid being unable to be assigned with mount rapidio: devices: fix missing put_device in mport_cdev_open kcov: fix spelling typos in comments hfs: Fix OOB Write in hfs_asc2mac hfs: fix OOB Read in __hfs_brec_find relay: fix type mismatch when allocating memory in relay_create_buf() ocfs2: always read both high and low parts of dinode link count io-mapping: move some code within the include guarded section kernel: kcsan: kcsan_test: build without structleak plugin mailmap: update email for Iskren Chernev eventfd: change int to __u64 in eventfd_signal() ifndef CONFIG_EVENTFD rapidio: fix possible UAF when kfifo_alloc() fails relay: use strscpy() is more robust and safer cpumask: limit visibility of FORCE_NR_CPUS acct: fix potential integer overflow in encode_comp_t() acct: fix accuracy loss for input value of encode_comp_t() linux/init.h: include <linux/build_bug.h> and <linux/stringify.h> rapidio: rio: fix possible name leak in rio_register_mport() rapidio: fix possible name leaks when rio_add_device() fails ... |
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Zhengchao Shao
|
12b677f2c6 |
ipc: fix memory leak in init_mqueue_fs()
When setup_mq_sysctls() failed in init_mqueue_fs(), mqueue_inode_cachep is
not released. In order to fix this issue, the release path is reordered.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20221209092929.1978875-1-shaozhengchao@huawei.com
Fixes:
|
||
Jann Horn
|
b52be557e2 |
ipc/sem: Fix dangling sem_array access in semtimedop race
When __do_semtimedop() goes to sleep because it has to wait for a
semaphore value becoming zero or becoming bigger than some threshold, it
links the on-stack sem_queue to the sem_array, then goes to sleep
without holding a reference on the sem_array.
When __do_semtimedop() comes back out of sleep, one of two things must
happen:
a) We prove that the on-stack sem_queue has been disconnected from the
(possibly freed) sem_array, making it safe to return from the stack
frame that the sem_queue exists in.
b) We stabilize our reference to the sem_array, lock the sem_array, and
detach the sem_queue from the sem_array ourselves.
sem_array has RCU lifetime, so for case (b), the reference can be
stabilized inside an RCU read-side critical section by locklessly
checking whether the sem_queue is still connected to the sem_array.
However, the current code does the lockless check on sem_queue before
starting an RCU read-side critical section, so the result of the
lockless check immediately becomes useless.
Fix it by doing rcu_read_lock() before the lockless check. Now RCU
ensures that if we observe the object being on our queue, the object
can't be freed until rcu_read_unlock().
This bug is only hittable on kernel builds with full preemption support
(either CONFIG_PREEMPT or PREEMPT_DYNAMIC with preempt=full).
Fixes:
|
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Mike Kravetz
|
b6305049f3 |
ipc/shm: call underlying open/close vm_ops
Shared memory segments can be created that are backed by hugetlb pages.
When this happens, the vmas associated with any mappings (shmat) are
marked VM_HUGETLB, yet the vm_ops for such mappings are provided by
ipc/shm (shm_vm_ops). There is a mechanism to call the underlying hugetlb
vm_ops, and this is done for most operations. However, it is not done for
open and close.
This was not an issue until the introduction of the hugetlb vma_lock.
This lock structure is pointed to by vm_private_data and the open/close
vm_ops help maintain this structure. The special hugetlb routine called
at fork took care of structure updates at fork time. However,
vma_splitting is not properly handled for ipc shared memory mappings
backed by hugetlb pages. This can result in a "kernel NULL pointer
dereference" BUG or use after free as two vmas point to the same lock
structure.
Update the shm open and close routines to always call the underlying open
and close routines.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20221114210018.49346-1-mike.kravetz@oracle.com
Fixes:
|
||
Andrew Morton
|
64b4c411a6 |
ipc/msg.c: fix percpu_counter use after free
These percpu counters are referenced in free_ipcs->freeque, so destroy
them later.
Fixes:
|
||
Linus Torvalds
|
676cb49573 |
- hfs and hfsplus kmap API modernization from Fabio Francesco
- Valentin Schneider makes crash-kexec work properly when invoked from an NMI-time panic. - ntfs bugfixes from Hawkins Jiawei - Jiebin Sun improves IPC msg scalability by replacing atomic_t's with percpu counters. - nilfs2 cleanups from Minghao Chi - lots of other single patches all over the tree! -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- iHUEABYKAB0WIQTTMBEPP41GrTpTJgfdBJ7gKXxAjgUCY0Yf0gAKCRDdBJ7gKXxA joapAQDT1d1zu7T8yf9cQXkYnZVuBKCjxKE/IsYvqaq1a42MjQD/SeWZg0wV05B8 DhJPj9nkEp6R3Rj3Mssip+3vNuceAQM= =lUQY -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- Merge tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2022-10-11' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm Pull non-MM updates from Andrew Morton: - hfs and hfsplus kmap API modernization (Fabio Francesco) - make crash-kexec work properly when invoked from an NMI-time panic (Valentin Schneider) - ntfs bugfixes (Hawkins Jiawei) - improve IPC msg scalability by replacing atomic_t's with percpu counters (Jiebin Sun) - nilfs2 cleanups (Minghao Chi) - lots of other single patches all over the tree! * tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2022-10-11' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (71 commits) include/linux/entry-common.h: remove has_signal comment of arch_do_signal_or_restart() prototype proc: test how it holds up with mapping'less process mailmap: update Frank Rowand email address ia64: mca: use strscpy() is more robust and safer init/Kconfig: fix unmet direct dependencies ia64: update config files nilfs2: replace WARN_ONs by nilfs_error for checkpoint acquisition failure fork: remove duplicate included header files init/main.c: remove unnecessary (void*) conversions proc: mark more files as permanent nilfs2: remove the unneeded result variable nilfs2: delete unnecessary checks before brelse() checkpatch: warn for non-standard fixes tag style usr/gen_init_cpio.c: remove unnecessary -1 values from int file ipc/msg: mitigate the lock contention with percpu counter percpu: add percpu_counter_add_local and percpu_counter_sub_local fs/ocfs2: fix repeated words in comments relay: use kvcalloc to alloc page array in relay_alloc_page_array proc: make config PROC_CHILDREN depend on PROC_FS fs: uninline inode_maybe_inc_iversion() ... |
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Linus Torvalds
|
27bc50fc90 |
- Yu Zhao's Multi-Gen LRU patches are here. They've been under test in
linux-next for a couple of months without, to my knowledge, any negative reports (or any positive ones, come to that). - Also the Maple Tree from Liam R. Howlett. An overlapping range-based tree for vmas. It it apparently slight more efficient in its own right, but is mainly targeted at enabling work to reduce mmap_lock contention. Liam has identified a number of other tree users in the kernel which could be beneficially onverted to mapletrees. Yu Zhao has identified a hard-to-hit but "easy to fix" lockdep splat (https://lkml.kernel.org/r/CAOUHufZabH85CeUN-MEMgL8gJGzJEWUrkiM58JkTbBhh-jew0Q@mail.gmail.com). This has yet to be addressed due to Liam's unfortunately timed vacation. He is now back and we'll get this fixed up. - Dmitry Vyukov introduces KMSAN: the Kernel Memory Sanitizer. It uses clang-generated instrumentation to detect used-unintialized bugs down to the single bit level. KMSAN keeps finding bugs. New ones, as well as the legacy ones. - Yang Shi adds a userspace mechanism (madvise) to induce a collapse of memory into THPs. - Zach O'Keefe has expanded Yang Shi's madvise(MADV_COLLAPSE) to support file/shmem-backed pages. - userfaultfd updates from Axel Rasmussen - zsmalloc cleanups from Alexey Romanov - cleanups from Miaohe Lin: vmscan, hugetlb_cgroup, hugetlb and memory-failure - Huang Ying adds enhancements to NUMA balancing memory tiering mode's page promotion, with a new way of detecting hot pages. - memcg updates from Shakeel Butt: charging optimizations and reduced memory consumption. - memcg cleanups from Kairui Song. - memcg fixes and cleanups from Johannes Weiner. - Vishal Moola provides more folio conversions - Zhang Yi removed ll_rw_block() :( - migration enhancements from Peter Xu - migration error-path bugfixes from Huang Ying - Aneesh Kumar added ability for a device driver to alter the memory tiering promotion paths. For optimizations by PMEM drivers, DRM drivers, etc. - vma merging improvements from Jakub Matěn. - NUMA hinting cleanups from David Hildenbrand. - xu xin added aditional userspace visibility into KSM merging activity. - THP & KSM code consolidation from Qi Zheng. - more folio work from Matthew Wilcox. - KASAN updates from Andrey Konovalov. - DAMON cleanups from Kaixu Xia. - DAMON work from SeongJae Park: fixes, cleanups. - hugetlb sysfs cleanups from Muchun Song. - Mike Kravetz fixes locking issues in hugetlbfs and in hugetlb core. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- iHUEABYKAB0WIQTTMBEPP41GrTpTJgfdBJ7gKXxAjgUCY0HaPgAKCRDdBJ7gKXxA joPjAQDZ5LlRCMWZ1oxLP2NOTp6nm63q9PWcGnmY50FjD/dNlwEAnx7OejCLWGWf bbTuk6U2+TKgJa4X7+pbbejeoqnt5QU= =xfWx -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- Merge tag 'mm-stable-2022-10-08' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton: - Yu Zhao's Multi-Gen LRU patches are here. They've been under test in linux-next for a couple of months without, to my knowledge, any negative reports (or any positive ones, come to that). - Also the Maple Tree from Liam Howlett. An overlapping range-based tree for vmas. It it apparently slightly more efficient in its own right, but is mainly targeted at enabling work to reduce mmap_lock contention. Liam has identified a number of other tree users in the kernel which could be beneficially onverted to mapletrees. Yu Zhao has identified a hard-to-hit but "easy to fix" lockdep splat at [1]. This has yet to be addressed due to Liam's unfortunately timed vacation. He is now back and we'll get this fixed up. - Dmitry Vyukov introduces KMSAN: the Kernel Memory Sanitizer. It uses clang-generated instrumentation to detect used-unintialized bugs down to the single bit level. KMSAN keeps finding bugs. New ones, as well as the legacy ones. - Yang Shi adds a userspace mechanism (madvise) to induce a collapse of memory into THPs. - Zach O'Keefe has expanded Yang Shi's madvise(MADV_COLLAPSE) to support file/shmem-backed pages. - userfaultfd updates from Axel Rasmussen - zsmalloc cleanups from Alexey Romanov - cleanups from Miaohe Lin: vmscan, hugetlb_cgroup, hugetlb and memory-failure - Huang Ying adds enhancements to NUMA balancing memory tiering mode's page promotion, with a new way of detecting hot pages. - memcg updates from Shakeel Butt: charging optimizations and reduced memory consumption. - memcg cleanups from Kairui Song. - memcg fixes and cleanups from Johannes Weiner. - Vishal Moola provides more folio conversions - Zhang Yi removed ll_rw_block() :( - migration enhancements from Peter Xu - migration error-path bugfixes from Huang Ying - Aneesh Kumar added ability for a device driver to alter the memory tiering promotion paths. For optimizations by PMEM drivers, DRM drivers, etc. - vma merging improvements from Jakub Matěn. - NUMA hinting cleanups from David Hildenbrand. - xu xin added aditional userspace visibility into KSM merging activity. - THP & KSM code consolidation from Qi Zheng. - more folio work from Matthew Wilcox. - KASAN updates from Andrey Konovalov. - DAMON cleanups from Kaixu Xia. - DAMON work from SeongJae Park: fixes, cleanups. - hugetlb sysfs cleanups from Muchun Song. - Mike Kravetz fixes locking issues in hugetlbfs and in hugetlb core. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/CAOUHufZabH85CeUN-MEMgL8gJGzJEWUrkiM58JkTbBhh-jew0Q@mail.gmail.com [1] * tag 'mm-stable-2022-10-08' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (555 commits) hugetlb: allocate vma lock for all sharable vmas hugetlb: take hugetlb vma_lock when clearing vma_lock->vma pointer hugetlb: fix vma lock handling during split vma and range unmapping mglru: mm/vmscan.c: fix imprecise comments mm/mglru: don't sync disk for each aging cycle mm: memcontrol: drop dead CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP config symbol mm: memcontrol: use do_memsw_account() in a few more places mm: memcontrol: deprecate swapaccounting=0 mode mm: memcontrol: don't allocate cgroup swap arrays when memcg is disabled mm/secretmem: remove reduntant return value mm/hugetlb: add available_huge_pages() func mm: remove unused inline functions from include/linux/mm_inline.h selftests/vm: add selftest for MADV_COLLAPSE of uffd-minor memory selftests/vm: add file/shmem MADV_COLLAPSE selftest for cleared pmd selftests/vm: add thp collapse shmem testing selftests/vm: add thp collapse file and tmpfs testing selftests/vm: modularize thp collapse memory operations selftests/vm: dedup THP helpers mm/khugepaged: add tracepoint to hpage_collapse_scan_file() mm/madvise: add file and shmem support to MADV_COLLAPSE ... |
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Linus Torvalds
|
86fb9c53d8 |
ipc: mqueue: fix possible memory leak in init_mqueue_fs()
A fix for a unlikely but possible memory leak. Hangyu Hua (1): ipc: mqueue: fix possible memory leak in init_mqueue_fs() ipc/mqueue.c | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- iQIzBAABCgAdFiEEgjlraLDcwBA2B+6cC/v6Eiajj0AFAmM7U48ACgkQC/v6Eiaj j0DMEw//R1u/xUW8ytS3/G3AHXsJ0df4GgcBr3MsYsVz/HXnVTbVFyz8BodX6mdD q6cPFlzBf1wYwh7DtDqAVOEvEZg8yiAyBX4RKkVvfD35J+8GCROQ2mnkeo3AHdNp jIGw8IimhFjiQr/gbc5WQxox+sH/l1O/6ksDl11JYEnWs5lJgsh5Wyg6cp5d7Wd3 p9B9AKzhqby+6JMLuucsaLqS/g+dZ218Y1ghhLIMrK/UEZ9+DAX9GWK3ebr+1Xxw mQnaGZtPWXkMwVTr69fED56/Q0HC/KhIMLhuGygX/zfTmU3iZjeChUCOgM/18kFZ vUvy7G0R9uMgm1lgjCvmQW9gO9jnIDKHeB1qPVgmUNpvpcFCjzJ2kRdnLfGkGp1j Ot6ZQMJOSMvLPUT8M4LZrMfFJQZYy8Jy2Oh97Ryf80ijGdFigS1oQ4BD9q7hMCdM DDBP4I4a2eB6Z2tIyMEQ9fx74lhOLI9pO22gG5JX4Fxhd9i1tBfJrjzKXPOQyO+y A7bSL1NyVjvxA6IkeSHyBsL8jl8ntcg6kwoxIfjfcmmMRTrK2rnfbXhSrmTflfP7 WUv5p+sd6NT4DAZ2rqvNB8BYzSelLGbDpXg77nqDJk2UjQDcA0MOl9c91vJsGaIn paoiCm28yIRxFkCHY0RIZSlLp2t32ZwIzhvcC5YOQW5W3VwyjXY= =tjwH -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- Merge tag 'retire_mq_sysctls-for-v5.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/user-namespace Pull mqueue fix from Eric Biederman: "A fix for an unlikely but possible memory leak" * tag 'retire_mq_sysctls-for-v5.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/user-namespace: ipc: mqueue: fix possible memory leak in init_mqueue_fs() |
||
Jiebin Sun
|
72d1e61108 |
ipc/msg: mitigate the lock contention with percpu counter
The msg_bytes and msg_hdrs atomic counters are frequently updated when IPC msg queue is in heavy use, causing heavy cache bounce and overhead. Change them to percpu_counter greatly improve the performance. Since there is one percpu struct per namespace, additional memory cost is minimal. Reading of the count done in msgctl call, which is infrequent. So the need to sum up the counts in each CPU is infrequent. Apply the patch and test the pts/stress-ng-1.4.0 -- system v message passing (160 threads). Score gain: 3.99x CPU: ICX 8380 x 2 sockets Core number: 40 x 2 physical cores Benchmark: pts/stress-ng-1.4.0 -- system v message passing (160 threads) [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style cleanups] [jiebin.sun@intel.com: avoid negative value by overflow in msginfo] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220920150809.4014944-1-jiebin.sun@intel.com [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix min() warnings] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220913192538.3023708-3-jiebin.sun@intel.com Signed-off-by: Jiebin Sun <jiebin.sun@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Alexander Mikhalitsyn <alexander.mikhalitsyn@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Alexey Gladkov <legion@kernel.org> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net> Cc: Dennis Zhou <dennis@kernel.org> Cc: "Eric W . Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Vasily Averin <vasily.averin@linux.dev> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> |
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Jingyu Wang
|
5758478a3d |
ipc: mqueue: remove unnecessary conditionals
iput() already handles null and non-null parameters, so there is no need to use if(). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220908185452.76590-1-jingyuwang_vip@163.com Signed-off-by: Jingyu Wang <jingyuwang_vip@163.com> Acked-by: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> |
||
Liam R. Howlett
|
01293a62ba |
ipc/shm: use VMA iterator instead of linked list
The VMA iterator is faster than the linked llist, and it can be walked even when VMAs are being removed from the address space, so there's no need to keep track of 'next'. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220906194824.2110408-46-Liam.Howlett@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@Oracle.com> Tested-by: Yu Zhao <yuzhao@google.com> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net> Cc: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> |
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Manfred Spraul
|
58b5c20336 |
ipc/util.c: cleanup and improve sysvipc_find_ipc()
sysvipc_find_ipc() can be simplified further: - It uses a for() loop to locate the next entry in the idr. This can be replaced with idr_get_next(). - It receives two parameters (pos - which is actually an idr index and not a position, and new_pos, which is really a position). One parameter is sufficient. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20210903052020.3265-3-manfred@colorfullife.com/ Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220805115733.104763-1-manfred@colorfullife.com Signed-off-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com> Acked-by: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net> Acked-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Cc: "Eric W . Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: <1vier1@web.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> |
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Linus Torvalds
|
eb5699ba31 |
Updates to various subsystems which I help look after. lib, ocfs2,
fatfs, autofs, squashfs, procfs, etc. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- iHUEABYKAB0WIQTTMBEPP41GrTpTJgfdBJ7gKXxAjgUCYu9BeQAKCRDdBJ7gKXxA jp1DAP4mjCSvAwYzXklrIt+Knv3CEY5oVVdS+pWOAOGiJpldTAD9E5/0NV+VmlD9 kwS/13j38guulSlXRzDLmitbg81zAAI= =Zfum -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- Merge tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2022-08-06-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm Pull misc updates from Andrew Morton: "Updates to various subsystems which I help look after. lib, ocfs2, fatfs, autofs, squashfs, procfs, etc. A relatively small amount of material this time" * tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2022-08-06-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (72 commits) scripts/gdb: ensure the absolute path is generated on initial source MAINTAINERS: kunit: add David Gow as a maintainer of KUnit mailmap: add linux.dev alias for Brendan Higgins mailmap: update Kirill's email profile: setup_profiling_timer() is moslty not implemented ocfs2: fix a typo in a comment ocfs2: use the bitmap API to simplify code ocfs2: remove some useless functions lib/mpi: fix typo 'the the' in comment proc: add some (hopefully) insightful comments bdi: remove enum wb_congested_state kernel/hung_task: fix address space of proc_dohung_task_timeout_secs lib/lzo/lzo1x_compress.c: replace ternary operator with min() and min_t() squashfs: support reading fragments in readahead call squashfs: implement readahead squashfs: always build "file direct" version of page actor Revert "squashfs: provide backing_dev_info in order to disable read-ahead" fs/ocfs2: Fix spelling typo in comment ia64: old_rr4 added under CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE proc: fix test for "vsyscall=xonly" boot option ... |
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Hangyu Hua
|
c579d60f0d |
ipc: mqueue: fix possible memory leak in init_mqueue_fs()
commit |
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Yu Zhe
|
2c795fb03f |
ipc/mqueue: remove unnecessary (void*) conversion
Remove unnecessary void* type casting. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220628021251.17197-1-yuzhe@nfschina.com Signed-off-by: Yu Zhe <yuzhe@nfschina.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> |
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Alexey Gladkov
|
db7cfc3809 |
ipc: Free mq_sysctls if ipc namespace creation failed
The problem that Dmitry Vyukov pointed out is that if setup_ipc_sysctls fails, mq_sysctls must be freed before return. executing program BUG: memory leak unreferenced object 0xffff888112fc9200 (size 512): comm "syz-executor237", pid 3648, jiffies 4294970469 (age 12.270s) hex dump (first 32 bytes): ef d3 60 85 ff ff ff ff 0c 9b d2 12 81 88 ff ff ..`............. 04 00 00 00 a4 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ backtrace: [<ffffffff814b6eb3>] kmemdup+0x23/0x50 mm/util.c:129 [<ffffffff82219a9b>] kmemdup include/linux/fortify-string.h:456 [inline] [<ffffffff82219a9b>] setup_mq_sysctls+0x4b/0x1c0 ipc/mq_sysctl.c:89 [<ffffffff822197f2>] create_ipc_ns ipc/namespace.c:63 [inline] [<ffffffff822197f2>] copy_ipcs+0x292/0x390 ipc/namespace.c:91 [<ffffffff8127de7c>] create_new_namespaces+0xdc/0x4f0 kernel/nsproxy.c:90 [<ffffffff8127e89b>] unshare_nsproxy_namespaces+0x9b/0x120 kernel/nsproxy.c:226 [<ffffffff8123f92e>] ksys_unshare+0x2fe/0x600 kernel/fork.c:3165 [<ffffffff8123fc42>] __do_sys_unshare kernel/fork.c:3236 [inline] [<ffffffff8123fc42>] __se_sys_unshare kernel/fork.c:3234 [inline] [<ffffffff8123fc42>] __x64_sys_unshare+0x12/0x20 kernel/fork.c:3234 [<ffffffff845aab45>] do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 [inline] [<ffffffff845aab45>] do_syscall_64+0x35/0xb0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80 [<ffffffff8460006a>] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x46/0xb0 BUG: memory leak unreferenced object 0xffff888112fd5f00 (size 256): comm "syz-executor237", pid 3648, jiffies 4294970469 (age 12.270s) hex dump (first 32 bytes): 00 92 fc 12 81 88 ff ff 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 ................ 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ backtrace: [<ffffffff816fea1b>] kmalloc include/linux/slab.h:605 [inline] [<ffffffff816fea1b>] kzalloc include/linux/slab.h:733 [inline] [<ffffffff816fea1b>] __register_sysctl_table+0x7b/0x7f0 fs/proc/proc_sysctl.c:1344 [<ffffffff82219b7a>] setup_mq_sysctls+0x12a/0x1c0 ipc/mq_sysctl.c:112 [<ffffffff822197f2>] create_ipc_ns ipc/namespace.c:63 [inline] [<ffffffff822197f2>] copy_ipcs+0x292/0x390 ipc/namespace.c:91 [<ffffffff8127de7c>] create_new_namespaces+0xdc/0x4f0 kernel/nsproxy.c:90 [<ffffffff8127e89b>] unshare_nsproxy_namespaces+0x9b/0x120 kernel/nsproxy.c:226 [<ffffffff8123f92e>] ksys_unshare+0x2fe/0x600 kernel/fork.c:3165 [<ffffffff8123fc42>] __do_sys_unshare kernel/fork.c:3236 [inline] [<ffffffff8123fc42>] __se_sys_unshare kernel/fork.c:3234 [inline] [<ffffffff8123fc42>] __x64_sys_unshare+0x12/0x20 kernel/fork.c:3234 [<ffffffff845aab45>] do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 [inline] [<ffffffff845aab45>] do_syscall_64+0x35/0xb0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80 [<ffffffff8460006a>] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x46/0xb0 BUG: memory leak unreferenced object 0xffff888112fbba00 (size 256): comm "syz-executor237", pid 3648, jiffies 4294970469 (age 12.270s) hex dump (first 32 bytes): 78 ba fb 12 81 88 ff ff 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 x............... 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ backtrace: [<ffffffff816fef49>] kmalloc include/linux/slab.h:605 [inline] [<ffffffff816fef49>] kzalloc include/linux/slab.h:733 [inline] [<ffffffff816fef49>] new_dir fs/proc/proc_sysctl.c:978 [inline] [<ffffffff816fef49>] get_subdir fs/proc/proc_sysctl.c:1022 [inline] [<ffffffff816fef49>] __register_sysctl_table+0x5a9/0x7f0 fs/proc/proc_sysctl.c:1373 [<ffffffff82219b7a>] setup_mq_sysctls+0x12a/0x1c0 ipc/mq_sysctl.c:112 [<ffffffff822197f2>] create_ipc_ns ipc/namespace.c:63 [inline] [<ffffffff822197f2>] copy_ipcs+0x292/0x390 ipc/namespace.c:91 [<ffffffff8127de7c>] create_new_namespaces+0xdc/0x4f0 kernel/nsproxy.c:90 [<ffffffff8127e89b>] unshare_nsproxy_namespaces+0x9b/0x120 kernel/nsproxy.c:226 [<ffffffff8123f92e>] ksys_unshare+0x2fe/0x600 kernel/fork.c:3165 [<ffffffff8123fc42>] __do_sys_unshare kernel/fork.c:3236 [inline] [<ffffffff8123fc42>] __se_sys_unshare kernel/fork.c:3234 [inline] [<ffffffff8123fc42>] __x64_sys_unshare+0x12/0x20 kernel/fork.c:3234 [<ffffffff845aab45>] do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 [inline] [<ffffffff845aab45>] do_syscall_64+0x35/0xb0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80 [<ffffffff8460006a>] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x46/0xb0 BUG: memory leak unreferenced object 0xffff888112fbb900 (size 256): comm "syz-executor237", pid 3648, jiffies 4294970469 (age 12.270s) hex dump (first 32 bytes): 78 b9 fb 12 81 88 ff ff 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 x............... 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ backtrace: [<ffffffff816fef49>] kmalloc include/linux/slab.h:605 [inline] [<ffffffff816fef49>] kzalloc include/linux/slab.h:733 [inline] [<ffffffff816fef49>] new_dir fs/proc/proc_sysctl.c:978 [inline] [<ffffffff816fef49>] get_subdir fs/proc/proc_sysctl.c:1022 [inline] [<ffffffff816fef49>] __register_sysctl_table+0x5a9/0x7f0 fs/proc/proc_sysctl.c:1373 [<ffffffff82219b7a>] setup_mq_sysctls+0x12a/0x1c0 ipc/mq_sysctl.c:112 [<ffffffff822197f2>] create_ipc_ns ipc/namespace.c:63 [inline] [<ffffffff822197f2>] copy_ipcs+0x292/0x390 ipc/namespace.c:91 [<ffffffff8127de7c>] create_new_namespaces+0xdc/0x4f0 kernel/nsproxy.c:90 [<ffffffff8127e89b>] unshare_nsproxy_namespaces+0x9b/0x120 kernel/nsproxy.c:226 [<ffffffff8123f92e>] ksys_unshare+0x2fe/0x600 kernel/fork.c:3165 [<ffffffff8123fc42>] __do_sys_unshare kernel/fork.c:3236 [inline] [<ffffffff8123fc42>] __se_sys_unshare kernel/fork.c:3234 [inline] [<ffffffff8123fc42>] __x64_sys_unshare+0x12/0x20 kernel/fork.c:3234 [<ffffffff845aab45>] do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 [inline] [<ffffffff845aab45>] do_syscall_64+0x35/0xb0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80 [<ffffffff8460006a>] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x46/0xb0 Reported-by: syzbot+b4b0d1b35442afbf6fd2@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Signed-off-by: Alexey Gladkov <legion@kernel.org> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/000000000000f5004705e1db8bad@google.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220622200729.2639663-1-legion@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> |
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Linus Torvalds
|
1888e9b4bb |
These changes update the ipc sysctls so that they are fundamentally
per ipc namespace. Previously these sysctls depended upon a hack to simulate being per ipc namespace by looking up the ipc namespace in read or write. With this set of changes the ipc sysctls are registered per ipc namespace and open looks up the ipc namespace. Not only does this series of changes ensure the traditional binding at open time happens, but it sets a foundation for being able to relax the permission checks to allow a user namspace root to change the ipc sysctls for an ipc namespace that the user namespace root requires. To do this requires the ipc namespace to be known at open time. These changes were sent for v5.18[1] but were dropped because some additional cleanups were requested. Linus has given his nod[2] to the cleanups so I hope enough cleanups are present this time. [1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/877d8kfmdp.fsf@email.froward.int.ebiederm.org [2] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/CAHk-=whi2SzU4XT_FsdTCAuK2qtYmH+-hwi1cbSdG8zu0KXL=g@mail.gmail.com Alexey Gladkov (6): ipc: Store mqueue sysctls in the ipc namespace ipc: Store ipc sysctls in the ipc namespace ipc: Use the same namespace to modify and validate ipc: Remove extra1 field abuse to pass ipc namespace ipc: Check permissions for checkpoint_restart sysctls at open time ipc: Remove extra braces include/linux/ipc_namespace.h | 37 +++++++- ipc/ipc_sysctl.c | 205 +++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------- ipc/mq_sysctl.c | 121 +++++++++++++------------ ipc/mqueue.c | 10 +-- ipc/namespace.c | 10 +++ 5 files changed, 238 insertions(+), 145 deletions(-) Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- iQIzBAABCgAdFiEEgjlraLDcwBA2B+6cC/v6Eiajj0AFAmKaP5QACgkQC/v6Eiaj j0Cd6A//fBb7GWeZpEsQXN0LLJZwfQqd5HYKBZ1yB0bclj4K4rg//goMqwvAb8YC x4h8Mny9yt3SHYWHqFMQvXGi5oMOodlZ3dxz5RAUoGG7c2oqF4mUhD5ugUJ07ElT z2DImq+oZ6NZcsVcW8n9WmaLiGFdZ6N1Ftr4w+lfH4bioON/jsBKa/v9ftXCgzyJ cqZ7Q7JCpD4qKDw7q6zEx5Y2ZqCciMWdmJOZ/X77D1vyNia1EJmsi26NgsH0uLTV mYz/L2BgHUiCmvPbdtD2hKs3OlkX38zkvVyyLxHVAIcCKIWE4O8vA6xsz+I+5kMB V3anYjf+PNeI9ASXGTJ56QlTj9I0Z7Dti8Sq6fCUa99rJtG4tcwgRHOZyL/Z3l48 8Dx//op/OTf5C3PLPhYqngpnMaXOQo++XEHqCN5c0j8UyaFLDbfs7H+JDuKZDp3d HQBdqaeyxxGaO87JqKt+K4wHkr+B0genTRfW3zliGVBmZC9KLXHoJ53ENRo1RyMs DcTZXzPdYx+yFJaYk5GAiP/S81eTjbznsQ0ATTEDGZPQcX+LeiFaeZ9aqObIx3UL krX9bohwWzL7bI9hwSp0waoLZGx5TEd9UXClMlct8GXBZUBpYfeaA7BQ8CJoH6+z IsQH/z5eOvfux5LsPUVI3PSd/IJWdh+uz0vDpNWkoKMabiZT1fg= =cSFI -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- Merge tag 'per-namespace-ipc-sysctls-for-v5.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/user-namespace Pull ipc sysctl namespace updates from Eric Biederman: "This updates the ipc sysctls so that they are fundamentally per ipc namespace. Previously these sysctls depended upon a hack to simulate being per ipc namespace by looking up the ipc namespace in read or write. With this set of changes the ipc sysctls are registered per ipc namespace and open looks up the ipc namespace. Not only does this series of changes ensure the traditional binding at open time happens, but it sets a foundation for being able to relax the permission checks to allow a user namspace root to change the ipc sysctls for an ipc namespace that the user namespace root requires. To do this requires the ipc namespace to be known at open time" * tag 'per-namespace-ipc-sysctls-for-v5.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/user-namespace: ipc: Remove extra braces ipc: Check permissions for checkpoint_restart sysctls at open time ipc: Remove extra1 field abuse to pass ipc namespace ipc: Use the same namespace to modify and validate ipc: Store ipc sysctls in the ipc namespace ipc: Store mqueue sysctls in the ipc namespace |
||
Waiman Long
|
d60c4d01a9 |
ipc/mqueue: use get_tree_nodev() in mqueue_get_tree()
When running the stress-ng clone benchmark with multiple testing threads,
it was found that there were significant spinlock contention in sget_fc().
The contended spinlock was the sb_lock. It is under heavy contention
because the following code in the critcal section of sget_fc():
hlist_for_each_entry(old, &fc->fs_type->fs_supers, s_instances) {
if (test(old, fc))
goto share_extant_sb;
}
After testing with added instrumentation code, it was found that the
benchmark could generate thousands of ipc namespaces with the
corresponding number of entries in the mqueue's fs_supers list where the
namespaces are the key for the search. This leads to excessive time in
scanning the list for a match.
Looking back at the mqueue calling sequence leading to sget_fc():
mq_init_ns()
=> mq_create_mount()
=> fc_mount()
=> vfs_get_tree()
=> mqueue_get_tree()
=> get_tree_keyed()
=> vfs_get_super()
=> sget_fc()
Currently, mq_init_ns() is the only mqueue function that will indirectly
call mqueue_get_tree() with a newly allocated ipc namespace as the key for
searching. As a result, there will never be a match with the exising ipc
namespaces stored in the mqueue's fs_supers list.
So using get_tree_keyed() to do an existing ipc namespace search is just a
waste of time. Instead, we could use get_tree_nodev() to eliminate the
useless search. By doing so, we can greatly reduce the sb_lock hold time
and avoid the spinlock contention problem in case a large number of ipc
namespaces are present.
Of course, if the code is modified in the future to allow
mqueue_get_tree() to be called with an existing ipc namespace instead of a
new one, we will have to use get_tree_keyed() in this case.
The following stress-ng clone benchmark command was run on a 2-socket
48-core Intel system:
./stress-ng --clone 32 --verbose --oomable --metrics-brief -t 20
The "bogo ops/s" increased from 5948.45 before patch to 9137.06 after
patch. This is an increase of 54% in performance.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220121172315.19652-1-longman@redhat.com
Fixes:
|
||
Prakash Sangappa
|
49c9dd0df6 |
ipc: update semtimedop() to use hrtimer
semtimedop() should be converted to use hrtimer like it has been done for most of the system calls with timeouts. This system call already takes a struct timespec as an argument and can therefore provide finer granularity timed wait. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1651187881-2858-1-git-send-email-prakash.sangappa@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Prakash Sangappa <prakash.sangappa@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net> Reviewed-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> |
||
Michal Orzel
|
0e90002965 |
ipc/sem: remove redundant assignments
Get rid of redundant assignments which end up in values not being read either because they are overwritten or the function ends. Reported by clang-tidy [deadcode.DeadStores] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220409101933.207157-1-michalorzel.eng@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Michal Orzel <michalorzel.eng@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Tom Rix <trix@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> |
||
Alexey Gladkov
|
38cd5b12b7 |
ipc: Remove extra braces
Fix coding style. In the previous commit, I added braces because,
in addition to changing .data, .extra1 also changed. Now this is not
needed.
Fixes:
|
||
Alexey Gladkov
|
0889f44e28 |
ipc: Check permissions for checkpoint_restart sysctls at open time
As Eric Biederman pointed out, it is possible not to use a custom
proc_handler and check permissions for every write, but to use a
.permission handler. That will allow the checkpoint_restart sysctls to
perform all of their permission checks at open time, and not need any
other special code.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/87czib9g38.fsf@email.froward.int.ebiederm.org/
Fixes:
|
||
Alexey Gladkov
|
dd141a4955 |
ipc: Remove extra1 field abuse to pass ipc namespace
Eric Biederman pointed out that using .extra1 to pass ipc namespace
looks like an ugly hack and there is a better solution. We can get the
ipc_namespace using the .data field.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/87czib9g38.fsf@email.froward.int.ebiederm.org/
Fixes:
|
||
Alexey Gladkov
|
def7343ff0 |
ipc: Use the same namespace to modify and validate
In the |
||
Muchun Song
|
fd60b28842 |
fs: allocate inode by using alloc_inode_sb()
The inode allocation is supposed to use alloc_inode_sb(), so convert kmem_cache_alloc() of all filesystems to alloc_inode_sb(). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220228122126.37293-5-songmuchun@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Acked-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> [ext4] Acked-by: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Anna Schumaker <Anna.Schumaker@Netapp.com> Cc: Chao Yu <chao@kernel.org> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Cc: Fam Zheng <fam.zheng@bytedance.com> Cc: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Kari Argillander <kari.argillander@gmail.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@hammerspace.com> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com> Cc: Xiongchun Duan <duanxiongchun@bytedance.com> Cc: Yang Shi <shy828301@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
Alexey Gladkov
|
1f5c135ee5 |
ipc: Store ipc sysctls in the ipc namespace
The ipc sysctls are not available for modification inside the user namespace. Following the mqueue sysctls, we changed the implementation to be more userns friendly. So far, the changes do not provide additional access to files. This will be done in a future patch. Signed-off-by: Alexey Gladkov <legion@kernel.org> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/be6f9d014276f4dddd0c3aa05a86052856c1c555.1644862280.git.legion@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> |
||
Alexey Gladkov
|
dc55e35f9e |
ipc: Store mqueue sysctls in the ipc namespace
Right now, the mqueue sysctls take ipc namespaces into account in a rather hacky way. This works in most cases, but does not respect the user namespace. Within the user namespace, the user cannot change the /proc/sys/fs/mqueue/* parametres. This poses a problem in the rootless containers. To solve this I changed the implementation of the mqueue sysctls just like some other sysctls. So far, the changes do not provide additional access to files. This will be done in a future patch. v3: * Don't implemenet set_permissions to keep the current behavior. v2: * Fixed compilation problem if CONFIG_POSIX_MQUEUE_SYSCTL is not specified. Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Alexey Gladkov <legion@kernel.org> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/b0ccbb2489119f1f20c737cf1930c3a9c4e4243a.1644862280.git.legion@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> |
||
Minghao Chi
|
520ba72406 |
ipc/sem: do not sleep with a spin lock held
We can't call kvfree() with a spin lock held, so defer it.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211223031207.556189-1-chi.minghao@zte.com.cn
Fixes:
|
||
Muchun Song
|
359745d783 |
proc: remove PDE_DATA() completely
Remove PDE_DATA() completely and replace it with pde_data(). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix naming clash in drivers/nubus/proc.c] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: now fix it properly] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211124081956.87711-2-songmuchun@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Acked-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com> Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Cc: Alexey Gladkov <gladkov.alexey@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
Alexander Mikhalitsyn
|
85b6d24646 |
shm: extend forced shm destroy to support objects from several IPC nses
Currently, the exit_shm() function not designed to work properly when
task->sysvshm.shm_clist holds shm objects from different IPC namespaces.
This is a real pain when sysctl kernel.shm_rmid_forced = 1, because it
leads to use-after-free (reproducer exists).
This is an attempt to fix the problem by extending exit_shm mechanism to
handle shm's destroy from several IPC ns'es.
To achieve that we do several things:
1. add a namespace (non-refcounted) pointer to the struct shmid_kernel
2. during new shm object creation (newseg()/shmget syscall) we
initialize this pointer by current task IPC ns
3. exit_shm() fully reworked such that it traverses over all shp's in
task->sysvshm.shm_clist and gets IPC namespace not from current task
as it was before but from shp's object itself, then call
shm_destroy(shp, ns).
Note: We need to be really careful here, because as it was said before
(1), our pointer to IPC ns non-refcnt'ed. To be on the safe side we
using special helper get_ipc_ns_not_zero() which allows to get IPC ns
refcounter only if IPC ns not in the "state of destruction".
Q/A
Q: Why can we access shp->ns memory using non-refcounted pointer?
A: Because shp object lifetime is always shorther than IPC namespace
lifetime, so, if we get shp object from the task->sysvshm.shm_clist
while holding task_lock(task) nobody can steal our namespace.
Q: Does this patch change semantics of unshare/setns/clone syscalls?
A: No. It's just fixes non-covered case when process may leave IPC
namespace without getting task->sysvshm.shm_clist list cleaned up.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/67bb03e5-f79c-1815-e2bf-949c67047418@colorfullife.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211109151501.4921-1-manfred@colorfullife.com
Fixes:
|
||
Alexander Mikhalitsyn
|
126e8bee94 |
ipc: WARN if trying to remove ipc object which is absent
Patch series "shm: shm_rmid_forced feature fixes". Some time ago I met kernel crash after CRIU restore procedure, fortunately, it was CRIU restore, so, I had dump files and could do restore many times and crash reproduced easily. After some investigation I've constructed the minimal reproducer. It was found that it's use-after-free and it happens only if sysctl kernel.shm_rmid_forced = 1. The key of the problem is that the exit_shm() function not handles shp's object destroy when task->sysvshm.shm_clist contains items from different IPC namespaces. In most cases this list will contain only items from one IPC namespace. How can this list contain object from different namespaces? The exit_shm() function is designed to clean up this list always when process leaves IPC namespace. But we made a mistake a long time ago and did not add a exit_shm() call into the setns() syscall procedures. The first idea was just to add this call to setns() syscall but it obviously changes semantics of setns() syscall and that's userspace-visible change. So, I gave up on this idea. The first real attempt to address the issue was just to omit forced destroy if we meet shp object not from current task IPC namespace [1]. But that was not the best idea because task->sysvshm.shm_clist was protected by rwsem which belongs to current task IPC namespace. It means that list corruption may occur. Second approach is just extend exit_shm() to properly handle shp's from different IPC namespaces [2]. This is really non-trivial thing, I've put a lot of effort into that but not believed that it's possible to make it fully safe, clean and clear. Thanks to the efforts of Manfred Spraul working an elegant solution was designed. Thanks a lot, Manfred! Eric also suggested the way to address the issue in ("[RFC][PATCH] shm: In shm_exit destroy all created and never attached segments") Eric's idea was to maintain a list of shm_clists one per IPC namespace, use lock-less lists. But there is some extra memory consumption-related concerns. An alternative solution which was suggested by me was implemented in ("shm: reset shm_clist on setns but omit forced shm destroy"). The idea is pretty simple, we add exit_shm() syscall to setns() but DO NOT destroy shm segments even if sysctl kernel.shm_rmid_forced = 1, we just clean up the task->sysvshm.shm_clist list. This chages semantics of setns() syscall a little bit but in comparision to the "naive" solution when we just add exit_shm() without any special exclusions this looks like a safer option. [1] https://lkml.org/lkml/2021/7/6/1108 [2] https://lkml.org/lkml/2021/7/14/736 This patch (of 2): Let's produce a warning if we trying to remove non-existing IPC object from IPC namespace kht/idr structures. This allows us to catch possible bugs when the ipc_rmid() function was called with inconsistent struct ipc_ids*, struct kern_ipc_perm* arguments. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211027224348.611025-1-alexander.mikhalitsyn@virtuozzo.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211027224348.611025-2-alexander.mikhalitsyn@virtuozzo.com Co-developed-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com> Signed-off-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com> Signed-off-by: Alexander Mikhalitsyn <alexander.mikhalitsyn@virtuozzo.com> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net> Cc: Greg KH <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Andrei Vagin <avagin@gmail.com> Cc: Pavel Tikhomirov <ptikhomirov@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Vasily Averin <vvs@virtuozzo.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |