This patch introduces PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO on process flag('flags' field of
'struct task_struct'), so that the flag can be set by one task to avoid
doing I/O inside memory allocation in the task's context.
The patch trys to solve one deadlock problem caused by block device, and
the problem may happen at least in the below situations:
- during block device runtime resume, if memory allocation with
GFP_KERNEL is called inside runtime resume callback of any one of its
ancestors(or the block device itself), the deadlock may be triggered
inside the memory allocation since it might not complete until the block
device becomes active and the involed page I/O finishes. The situation
is pointed out first by Alan Stern. It is not a good approach to
convert all GFP_KERNEL[1] in the path into GFP_NOIO because several
subsystems may be involved(for example, PCI, USB and SCSI may be
involved for usb mass stoarage device, network devices involved too in
the iSCSI case)
- during block device runtime suspend, because runtime resume need to
wait for completion of concurrent runtime suspend.
- during error handling of usb mass storage deivce, USB bus reset will
be put on the device, so there shouldn't have any memory allocation with
GFP_KERNEL during USB bus reset, otherwise the deadlock similar with
above may be triggered. Unfortunately, any usb device may include one
mass storage interface in theory, so it requires all usb interface
drivers to handle the situation. In fact, most usb drivers don't know
how to handle bus reset on the device and don't provide .pre_set() and
.post_reset() callback at all, so USB core has to unbind and bind driver
for these devices. So it is still not practical to resort to GFP_NOIO
for solving the problem.
Also the introduced solution can be used by block subsystem or block
drivers too, for example, set the PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO flag before doing
actual I/O transfer.
It is not a good idea to convert all these GFP_KERNEL in the affected
path into GFP_NOIO because these functions doing that may be implemented
as library and will be called in many other contexts.
In fact, memalloc_noio_flags() can convert some of current static
GFP_NOIO allocation into GFP_KERNEL back in other non-affected contexts,
at least almost all GFP_NOIO in USB subsystem can be converted into
GFP_KERNEL after applying the approach and make allocation with GFP_NOIO
only happen in runtime resume/bus reset/block I/O transfer contexts
generally.
[1], several GFP_KERNEL allocation examples in runtime resume path
- pci subsystem
acpi_os_allocate
<-acpi_ut_allocate
<-ACPI_ALLOCATE_ZEROED
<-acpi_evaluate_object
<-__acpi_bus_set_power
<-acpi_bus_set_power
<-acpi_pci_set_power_state
<-platform_pci_set_power_state
<-pci_platform_power_transition
<-__pci_complete_power_transition
<-pci_set_power_state
<-pci_restore_standard_config
<-pci_pm_runtime_resume
- usb subsystem
usb_get_status
<-finish_port_resume
<-usb_port_resume
<-generic_resume
<-usb_resume_device
<-usb_resume_both
<-usb_runtime_resume
- some individual usb drivers
usblp, uvc, gspca, most of dvb-usb-v2 media drivers, cpia2, az6007, ....
That is just what I have found. Unfortunately, this allocation can only
be found by human being now, and there should be many not found since
any function in the resume path(call tree) may allocate memory with
GFP_KERNEL.
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.de>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jiri.kosina@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: David Decotigny <david.decotigny@google.com>
Cc: Tom Herbert <therbert@google.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Several functions test MIGRATE_ISOLATE and some of those are hotpath but
MIGRATE_ISOLATE is used only if we enable CONFIG_MEMORY_ISOLATION(ie,
CMA, memory-hotplug and memory-failure) which are not common config
option. So let's not add unnecessary overhead and code when we don't
enable CONFIG_MEMORY_ISOLATION.
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Now all users of "number of pages managed by the buddy system" have been
converted to use zone->managed_pages, so set zone->present_pages to what
it should be:
present_pages = spanned_pages - absent_pages;
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Maciej Rutecki <maciej.rutecki@gmail.com>
Cc: Chris Clayton <chris2553@googlemail.com>
Cc: "Rafael J . Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Now we have zone->managed_pages for "pages managed by the buddy system
in the zone", so replace zone->present_pages with zone->managed_pages if
what the user really wants is number of allocatable pages.
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Maciej Rutecki <maciej.rutecki@gmail.com>
Cc: Chris Clayton <chris2553@googlemail.com>
Cc: "Rafael J . Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We now provide an option for users who don't want to specify physical
memory address in kernel commandline.
/*
* For movablemem_map=acpi:
*
* SRAT: |_____| |_____| |_________| |_________| ......
* node id: 0 1 1 2
* hotpluggable: n y y n
* movablemem_map: |_____| |_________|
*
* Using movablemem_map, we can prevent memblock from allocating memory
* on ZONE_MOVABLE at boot time.
*/
So user just specify movablemem_map=acpi, and the kernel will use
hotpluggable info in SRAT to determine which memory ranges should be set
as ZONE_MOVABLE.
If all the memory ranges in SRAT is hotpluggable, then no memory can be
used by kernel. But before parsing SRAT, memblock has already reserve
some memory ranges for other purposes, such as for kernel image, and so
on. We cannot prevent kernel from using these memory. So we need to
exclude these ranges even if these memory is hotpluggable.
Furthermore, there could be several memory ranges in the single node
which the kernel resides in. We may skip one range that have memory
reserved by memblock, but if the rest of memory is too small, then the
kernel will fail to boot. So, make the whole node which the kernel
resides in un-hotpluggable. Then the kernel has enough memory to use.
NOTE: Using this way will cause NUMA performance down because the
whole node will be set as ZONE_MOVABLE, and kernel cannot use memory
on it. If users don't want to lose NUMA performance, just don't use
it.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warning]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: use strcmp()]
Signed-off-by: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Wu Jianguo <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
Cc: "Brown, Len" <len.brown@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When implementing movablemem_map boot option, we introduced an array
movablemem_map.map[] to store the memory ranges to be set as
ZONE_MOVABLE.
Since ZONE_MOVABLE is the latst zone of a node, if user didn't specify
the whole node memory range, we need to extend it to the node end so
that we can use it to prevent memblock from allocating memory in the
ranges user didn't specify.
We now implement movablemem_map boot option like this:
/*
* For movablemem_map=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]:
*
* SRAT: |_____| |_____| |_________| |_________| ......
* node id: 0 1 1 2
* user specified: |__| |___|
* movablemem_map: |___| |_________| |______| ......
*
* Using movablemem_map, we can prevent memblock from allocating memory
* on ZONE_MOVABLE at boot time.
*
* NOTE: In this case, SRAT info will be ingored.
*/
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: clean up code, fix build warning]
Signed-off-by: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Wu Jianguo <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
Cc: "Brown, Len" <len.brown@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If kernelcore or movablecore is specified at the same time with
movablemem_map, movablemem_map will have higher priority to be
satisfied. This patch will make find_zone_movable_pfns_for_nodes()
calculate zone_movable_pfn[] with the limit from zone_movable_limit[].
Signed-off-by: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Wu Jianguo <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Tested-by: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Introduce a new array zone_movable_limit[] to store the ZONE_MOVABLE
limit from movablemem_map boot option for all nodes. The function
sanitize_zone_movable_limit() will find out to which node the ranges in
movable_map.map[] belongs, and calculates the low boundary of
ZONE_MOVABLE for each node.
Signed-off-by: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Liu Jiang <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Wu Jianguo <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Tested-by: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add functions to parse movablemem_map boot option. Since the option
could be specified more then once, all the maps will be stored in the
global variable movablemem_map.map array.
And also, we keep the array in monotonic increasing order by start_pfn.
And merge all overlapped ranges.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: improve comment]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove unneeded parens]
Signed-off-by: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Tested-by: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Wu Jianguo <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
`int' is an inappropriate type for a number-of-pages counter.
While we're there, use the clamp() macro.
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Satoru Moriya <satoru.moriya@hds.com>
Cc: Simon Jeons <simon.jeons@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
As per documentation and other places calling putback_lru_pages(),
putback_lru_pages() is called on error only. Make the CMA code behave
consistently.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove a test-n-branch in the wrapup code]
Signed-off-by: Srinivas Pandruvada <srinivas.pandruvada@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull scheduler changes from Ingo Molnar:
"Main changes:
- scheduler side full-dynticks (user-space execution is undisturbed
and receives no timer IRQs) preparation changes that convert the
cputime accounting code to be full-dynticks ready, from Frederic
Weisbecker.
- Initial sched.h split-up changes, by Clark Williams
- select_idle_sibling() performance improvement by Mike Galbraith:
" 1 tbench pair (worst case) in a 10 core + SMT package:
pre 15.22 MB/sec 1 procs
post 252.01 MB/sec 1 procs "
- sched_rr_get_interval() ABI fix/change. We think this detail is not
used by apps (so it's not an ABI in practice), but lets keep it
under observation.
- misc RT scheduling cleanups, optimizations"
* 'sched-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (24 commits)
sched/rt: Add <linux/sched/rt.h> header to <linux/init_task.h>
cputime: Remove irqsave from seqlock readers
sched, powerpc: Fix sched.h split-up build failure
cputime: Restore CPU_ACCOUNTING config defaults for PPC64
sched/rt: Move rt specific bits into new header file
sched/rt: Add a tuning knob to allow changing SCHED_RR timeslice
sched: Move sched.h sysctl bits into separate header
sched: Fix signedness bug in yield_to()
sched: Fix select_idle_sibling() bouncing cow syndrome
sched/rt: Further simplify pick_rt_task()
sched/rt: Do not account zero delta_exec in update_curr_rt()
cputime: Safely read cputime of full dynticks CPUs
kvm: Prepare to add generic guest entry/exit callbacks
cputime: Use accessors to read task cputime stats
cputime: Allow dynamic switch between tick/virtual based cputime accounting
cputime: Generic on-demand virtual cputime accounting
cputime: Move default nsecs_to_cputime() to jiffies based cputime file
cputime: Librarize per nsecs resolution cputime definitions
cputime: Avoid multiplication overflow on utime scaling
context_tracking: Export context state for generic vtime
...
Fix up conflict in kernel/context_tracking.c due to comment additions.
Commit c060f943d0 ("mm: use aligned zone start for pfn_to_bitidx
calculation") fixed out calculation of the index into the pageblock
bitmap when a !SPARSEMEM zome was not aligned to pageblock_nr_pages.
However, the _allocation_ of that bitmap had never taken this alignment
requirement into accout, so depending on the exact size and alignment of
the zone, the use of that index could then access past the allocation,
resulting in some very subtle memory corruption.
This was reported (and bisected) by Ingo Molnar: one of his random
config builds would hang with certain very specific kernel command line
options.
In the meantime, commit c060f943d0 has been marked for stable, so this
fix needs to be back-ported to the stable kernels that backported the
commit to use the right alignment.
Bisected-and-tested-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The total number of low memory pages is determined as totalram_pages -
totalhigh_pages, so without this patch all CMA pageblocks placed in
highmem were accounted to low memory.
Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Acked-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Move rt scheduler definitions out of include/linux/sched.h into
new file include/linux/sched/rt.h
Signed-off-by: Clark Williams <williams@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20130207094707.7b9f825f@riff.lan
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Eric Wong reported on 3.7 and 3.8-rc2 that ppoll() got stuck when
waiting for POLLIN on a local TCP socket. It was easier to trigger if
there was disk IO and dirty pages at the same time and he bisected it to
commit 1fb3f8ca0e ("mm: compaction: capture a suitable high-order page
immediately when it is made available").
The intention of that patch was to improve high-order allocations under
memory pressure after changes made to reclaim in 3.6 drastically hurt
THP allocations but the approach was flawed. For Eric, the problem was
that page->pfmemalloc was not being cleared for captured pages leading
to a poor interaction with swap-over-NFS support causing the packets to
be dropped. However, I identified a few more problems with the patch
including the fact that it can increase contention on zone->lock in some
cases which could result in async direct compaction being aborted early.
In retrospect the capture patch took the wrong approach. What it should
have done is mark the pageblock being migrated as MIGRATE_ISOLATE if it
was allocating for THP and avoided races that way. While the patch was
showing to improve allocation success rates at the time, the benefit is
marginal given the relative complexity and it should be revisited from
scratch in the context of the other reclaim-related changes that have
taken place since the patch was first written and tested. This patch
partially reverts commit 1fb3f8ca0e ("mm: compaction: capture a
suitable high-order page immediately when it is made available").
Reported-and-tested-by: Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>
Tested-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The current calculation in pfn_to_bitidx assumes that (pfn -
zone->zone_start_pfn) >> pageblock_order will return the same bit for
all pfn in a pageblock. If zone_start_pfn is not aligned to
pageblock_nr_pages, this may not always be correct.
Consider the following with pageblock order = 10, zone start 2MB:
pfn | pfn - zone start | (pfn - zone start) >> page block order
----------------------------------------------------------------
0x26000 | 0x25e00 | 0x97
0x26100 | 0x25f00 | 0x97
0x26200 | 0x26000 | 0x98
0x26300 | 0x26100 | 0x98
This means that calling {get,set}_pageblock_migratetype on a single page
will not set the migratetype for the full block. Fix this by rounding
down zone_start_pfn when doing the bitidx calculation.
For our use case, the effects of this bug were mostly tied to the fact
that CMA allocations would either take a long time or fail to happen.
Depending on the driver using CMA, this could result in anything from
visual glitches to application failures.
Signed-off-by: Laura Abbott <lauraa@codeaurora.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 702d1a6e07 ("memory-hotplug: fix kswapd looping forever
problem") added an isolated pageblocks counter (nr_pageblock_isolate in
struct zone) and used it to adjust free pages counter in
zone_watermark_ok_safe() to prevent kswapd looping forever problem.
Then later, commit 2139cbe627 ("cma: fix counting of isolated pages")
fixed accounting of isolated pages in global free pages counter. It
made the previous zone_watermark_ok_safe() fix unnecessary and
potentially harmful (cause now isolated pages may be accounted twice
making free pages counter incorrect).
This patch removes the special isolated pageblocks counter altogether
which fixes zone_watermark_ok_safe() free pages check.
Reported-by: Tomasz Stanislawski <t.stanislaws@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Aaditya Kumar <aaditya.kumar.30@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Memory returned to free_contig_range() must have no other references.
Let kernel to complain loudly if page reference count is not equal to 1.
[rientjes@google.com: support sparsemem]
Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When a process tries to allocate a page with the __GFP_KMEMCG flag, the
page allocator will call the corresponding memcg functions to validate
the allocation. Tasks in the root memcg can always proceed.
To avoid adding markers to the page - and a kmem flag that would
necessarily follow, as much as doing page_cgroup lookups for no reason,
whoever is marking its allocations with __GFP_KMEMCG flag is responsible
for telling the page allocator that this is such an allocation at
free_pages() time. This is done by the invocation of
__free_accounted_pages() and free_accounted_pages().
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
While allocating pages using buddy allocator, the compound page is
probably split up to free pages. Under these circumstances, the compound
page should be destroyed by destroy_compound_page(). However, there is a
duplicate check to judge if the page is compound.
Remove the duplicate check since the compound_order() returns 0 when the
page doesn't have PG_head set in destroy_compound_page(). That is to say,
destroy_compound_page() needn't check PageHead().
Signed-off-by: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Merge tag 'balancenuma-v11' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mel/linux-balancenuma
Pull Automatic NUMA Balancing bare-bones from Mel Gorman:
"There are three implementations for NUMA balancing, this tree
(balancenuma), numacore which has been developed in tip/master and
autonuma which is in aa.git.
In almost all respects balancenuma is the dumbest of the three because
its main impact is on the VM side with no attempt to be smart about
scheduling. In the interest of getting the ball rolling, it would be
desirable to see this much merged for 3.8 with the view to building
scheduler smarts on top and adapting the VM where required for 3.9.
The most recent set of comparisons available from different people are
mel: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/9/108
mingo: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/7/331
tglx: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/10/437
srikar: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/10/397
The results are a mixed bag. In my own tests, balancenuma does
reasonably well. It's dumb as rocks and does not regress against
mainline. On the other hand, Ingo's tests shows that balancenuma is
incapable of converging for this workloads driven by perf which is bad
but is potentially explained by the lack of scheduler smarts. Thomas'
results show balancenuma improves on mainline but falls far short of
numacore or autonuma. Srikar's results indicate we all suffer on a
large machine with imbalanced node sizes.
My own testing showed that recent numacore results have improved
dramatically, particularly in the last week but not universally.
We've butted heads heavily on system CPU usage and high levels of
migration even when it shows that overall performance is better.
There are also cases where it regresses. Of interest is that for
specjbb in some configurations it will regress for lower numbers of
warehouses and show gains for higher numbers which is not reported by
the tool by default and sometimes missed in treports. Recently I
reported for numacore that the JVM was crashing with
NullPointerExceptions but currently it's unclear what the source of
this problem is. Initially I thought it was in how numacore batch
handles PTEs but I'm no longer think this is the case. It's possible
numacore is just able to trigger it due to higher rates of migration.
These reports were quite late in the cycle so I/we would like to start
with this tree as it contains much of the code we can agree on and has
not changed significantly over the last 2-3 weeks."
* tag 'balancenuma-v11' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mel/linux-balancenuma: (50 commits)
mm/rmap, migration: Make rmap_walk_anon() and try_to_unmap_anon() more scalable
mm/rmap: Convert the struct anon_vma::mutex to an rwsem
mm: migrate: Account a transhuge page properly when rate limiting
mm: numa: Account for failed allocations and isolations as migration failures
mm: numa: Add THP migration for the NUMA working set scanning fault case build fix
mm: numa: Add THP migration for the NUMA working set scanning fault case.
mm: sched: numa: Delay PTE scanning until a task is scheduled on a new node
mm: sched: numa: Control enabling and disabling of NUMA balancing if !SCHED_DEBUG
mm: sched: numa: Control enabling and disabling of NUMA balancing
mm: sched: Adapt the scanning rate if a NUMA hinting fault does not migrate
mm: numa: Use a two-stage filter to restrict pages being migrated for unlikely task<->node relationships
mm: numa: migrate: Set last_nid on newly allocated page
mm: numa: split_huge_page: Transfer last_nid on tail page
mm: numa: Introduce last_nid to the page frame
sched: numa: Slowly increase the scanning period as NUMA faults are handled
mm: numa: Rate limit setting of pte_numa if node is saturated
mm: numa: Rate limit the amount of memory that is migrated between nodes
mm: numa: Structures for Migrate On Fault per NUMA migration rate limiting
mm: numa: Migrate pages handled during a pmd_numa hinting fault
mm: numa: Migrate on reference policy
...
Merge misc VM changes from Andrew Morton:
"The rest of most-of-MM. The other MM bits await a slab merge.
This patch includes the addition of a huge zero_page. Not a
performance boost but it an save large amounts of physical memory in
some situations.
Also a bunch of Fujitsu engineers are working on memory hotplug.
Which, as it turns out, was badly broken. About half of their patches
are included here; the remainder are 3.8 material."
However, this merge disables CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE, which was totally
broken. We don't add new features with "default y", nor do we add
Kconfig questions that are incomprehensible to most people without any
help text. Does the feature even make sense without compaction or
memory hotplug?
* akpm: (54 commits)
mm/bootmem.c: remove unused wrapper function reserve_bootmem_generic()
mm/memory.c: remove unused code from do_wp_page()
asm-generic, mm: pgtable: consolidate zero page helpers
mm/hugetlb.c: fix warning on freeing hwpoisoned hugepage
hwpoison, hugetlbfs: fix RSS-counter warning
hwpoison, hugetlbfs: fix "bad pmd" warning in unmapping hwpoisoned hugepage
mm: protect against concurrent vma expansion
memcg: do not check for mm in __mem_cgroup_count_vm_event
tmpfs: support SEEK_DATA and SEEK_HOLE (reprise)
mm: provide more accurate estimation of pages occupied by memmap
fs/buffer.c: remove redundant initialization in alloc_page_buffers()
fs/buffer.c: do not inline exported function
writeback: fix a typo in comment
mm: introduce new field "managed_pages" to struct zone
mm, oom: remove statically defined arch functions of same name
mm, oom: remove redundant sleep in pagefault oom handler
mm, oom: cleanup pagefault oom handler
memory_hotplug: allow online/offline memory to result movable node
numa: add CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE for movable-dedicated node
mm, memcg: avoid unnecessary function call when memcg is disabled
...
Pull trivial branch from Jiri Kosina:
"Usual stuff -- comment/printk typo fixes, documentation updates, dead
code elimination."
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial: (39 commits)
HOWTO: fix double words typo
x86 mtrr: fix comment typo in mtrr_bp_init
propagate name change to comments in kernel source
doc: Update the name of profiling based on sysfs
treewide: Fix typos in various drivers
treewide: Fix typos in various Kconfig
wireless: mwifiex: Fix typo in wireless/mwifiex driver
messages: i2o: Fix typo in messages/i2o
scripts/kernel-doc: check that non-void fcts describe their return value
Kernel-doc: Convention: Use a "Return" section to describe return values
radeon: Fix typo and copy/paste error in comments
doc: Remove unnecessary declarations from Documentation/accounting/getdelays.c
various: Fix spelling of "asynchronous" in comments.
Fix misspellings of "whether" in comments.
eisa: Fix spelling of "asynchronous".
various: Fix spelling of "registered" in comments.
doc: fix quite a few typos within Documentation
target: iscsi: fix comment typos in target/iscsi drivers
treewide: fix typo of "suport" in various comments and Kconfig
treewide: fix typo of "suppport" in various comments
...
If SPARSEMEM is enabled, it won't build page structures for non-existing
pages (holes) within a zone, so provide a more accurate estimation of
pages occupied by memmap if there are bigger holes within the zone.
And pages for highmem zones' memmap will be allocated from lowmem, so
charge nr_kernel_pages for that.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: mark calc_memmap_size __paging_init]
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Maciej Rutecki <maciej.rutecki@gmail.com>
Cc: Chris Clayton <chris2553@googlemail.com>
Cc: "Rafael J . Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently a zone's present_pages is calcuated as below, which is
inaccurate and may cause trouble to memory hotplug.
spanned_pages - absent_pages - memmap_pages - dma_reserve.
During fixing bugs caused by inaccurate zone->present_pages, we found
zone->present_pages has been abused. The field zone->present_pages may
have different meanings in different contexts:
1) pages existing in a zone.
2) pages managed by the buddy system.
For more discussions about the issue, please refer to:
http://lkml.org/lkml/2012/11/5/866https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/1346751/
This patchset tries to introduce a new field named "managed_pages" to
struct zone, which counts "pages managed by the buddy system". And revert
zone->present_pages to count "physical pages existing in a zone", which
also keep in consistence with pgdat->node_present_pages.
We will set an initial value for zone->managed_pages in function
free_area_init_core() and will adjust it later if the initial value is
inaccurate.
For DMA/normal zones, the initial value is set to:
(spanned_pages - absent_pages - memmap_pages - dma_reserve)
Later zone->managed_pages will be adjusted to the accurate value when the
bootmem allocator frees all free pages to the buddy system in function
free_all_bootmem_node() and free_all_bootmem().
The bootmem allocator doesn't touch highmem pages, so highmem zones'
managed_pages is set to the accurate value "spanned_pages - absent_pages"
in function free_area_init_core() and won't be updated anymore.
This patch also adds a new field "managed_pages" to /proc/zoneinfo
and sysrq showmem.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: small comment tweaks]
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Maciej Rutecki <maciej.rutecki@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Chris Clayton <chris2553@googlemail.com>
Cc: "Rafael J . Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We need a node which only contains movable memory. This feature is very
important for node hotplug. If a node has normal/highmem, the memory may
be used by the kernel and can't be offlined. If the node only contains
movable memory, we can offline the memory and the node.
All are prepared, we can actually introduce N_MEMORY.
add CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE make we can use it for movable-dedicated node
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix Kconfig text]
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Tested-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
N_HIGH_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has normal or high memory.
N_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has any memory.
The code here need to handle with the nodes which have memory, we should
use N_MEMORY instead.
Since we introduced N_MEMORY, we update the initialization of node_states.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
__alloc_contig_migrate_range() should use all possible ways to get all the
pages migrated from the given memory range, so pruning per-cpu lru lists
for all CPUs is required, regadless the cost of such operation. Otherwise
some pages which got stuck at per-cpu lru list might get missed by
migration procedure causing the contiguous allocation to fail.
Reported-by: SeongHwan Yoon <sunghwan.yun@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commits 2139cbe627 ("cma: fix counting of isolated pages") and
d95ea5d18e ("cma: fix watermark checking") introduced a reliable
method of free page accounting when memory is being allocated from CMA
regions, so the workaround introduced earlier by commit 49f223a9cd
("mm: trigger page reclaim in alloc_contig_range() to stabilise
watermarks") can be finally removed.
Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since commit 2139cbe627 ("cma: fix counting of isolated pages") free
pages in isolated pageblocks are not accounted to NR_FREE_PAGES counters,
so watermarks check is not required if one operates on a free page in
isolated pageblock.
Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The PATCH "mm: introduce compaction and migration for virtio ballooned pages"
hacks around putback_lru_pages() in order to allow ballooned pages to be
re-inserted on balloon page list as if a ballooned page was like a LRU page.
As ballooned pages are not legitimate LRU pages, this patch introduces
putback_movable_pages() to properly cope with cases where the isolated
pageset contains ballooned pages and LRU pages, thus fixing the mentioned
inelegant hack around putback_lru_pages().
Signed-off-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We use __free_page() to put a page to buddy system when onlining pages.
__free_page() will store NR_FREE_PAGES in zone's pcp.vm_stat_diff, so we
should allocate zone's pcp before onlining pages, otherwise we will lose
some free pages.
[mhocko@suse.cz: make zone_pcp_reset independent of MEMORY_HOTREMOVE]
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
Cc: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
NR_FREE_PAGES will be wrong after offlining pages. We add/dec
NR_FREE_PAGES like this now:
1. move all pages in buddy system to MIGRATE_ISOLATE, and dec NR_FREE_PAGES
2. don't add NR_FREE_PAGES when it is freed and the migratetype is
MIGRATE_ISOLATE
3. dec NR_FREE_PAGES when offlining isolated pages.
4. add NR_FREE_PAGES when undoing isolate pages.
When we come to step 3, all pages are in MIGRATE_ISOLATE list, and
NR_FREE_PAGES are right. When we come to step4, all pages are not in
buddy system, so we don't change NR_FREE_PAGES in this step, but we change
NR_FREE_PAGES in step3. So NR_FREE_PAGES is wrong after offlining pages.
So there is no need to change NR_FREE_PAGES in step3.
This patch also fixs a problem in step2: if the migratetype is
MIGRATE_ISOLATE, we should not add NR_FRR_PAGES when we remove pages from
pcppages.
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
Cc: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo106@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
hwpoisoned may be set when we offline a page by the sysfs interface
/sys/devices/system/memory/soft_offline_page or
/sys/devices/system/memory/hard_offline_page. If we don't clear
this flag when onlining pages, this page can't be freed, and will
not in free list. So we can't offline these pages again. So we
should skip such page when offlining pages.
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
Cc: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We don't need custom NUMA_BUILD anymore, since we have handy
IS_ENABLED().
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This is useful to diagnose the reason for page allocation failure for
cases where there appear to be several free pages.
Example, with this alloc_pages(GFP_ATOMIC) failure:
swapper/0: page allocation failure: order:0, mode:0x0
...
Mem-info:
Normal per-cpu:
CPU 0: hi: 90, btch: 15 usd: 48
CPU 1: hi: 90, btch: 15 usd: 21
active_anon:0 inactive_anon:0 isolated_anon:0
active_file:0 inactive_file:84 isolated_file:0
unevictable:0 dirty:0 writeback:0 unstable:0
free:4026 slab_reclaimable:75 slab_unreclaimable:484
mapped:0 shmem:0 pagetables:0 bounce:0
Normal free:16104kB min:2296kB low:2868kB high:3444kB active_anon:0kB
inactive_anon:0kB active_file:0kB inactive_file:336kB unevictable:0kB
isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:331776kB mlocked:0kB
dirty:0kB writeback:0kB mapped:0kB shmem:0kB slab_reclaimable:300kB
slab_unreclaimable:1936kB kernel_stack:328kB pagetables:0kB unstable:0kB
bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no
lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0
Before the patch, it's hard (for me, at least) to say why all these free
chunks weren't considered for allocation:
Normal: 0*4kB 0*8kB 0*16kB 0*32kB 0*64kB 0*128kB 1*256kB 1*512kB
1*1024kB 1*2048kB 3*4096kB = 16128kB
After the patch, it's obvious that the reason is that all of these are
in the MIGRATE_CMA (C) freelist:
Normal: 0*4kB 0*8kB 0*16kB 0*32kB 0*64kB 0*128kB 1*256kB (C) 1*512kB
(C) 1*1024kB (C) 1*2048kB (C) 3*4096kB (C) = 16128kB
Signed-off-by: Rabin Vincent <rabin.vincent@stericsson.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch introduces a last_nid field to the page struct. This is used
to build a two-stage filter in the next patch that is aimed at
mitigating a problem whereby pages migrate to the wrong node when
referenced by a process that was running off its home node.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
This defines the per-node data used by Migrate On Fault in order to
rate limit the migration. The rate limiting is applied independently
to each destination node.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
The pgmigrate_success and pgmigrate_fail vmstat counters tells the user
about migration activity but not the type or the reason. This patch adds
a tracepoint to identify the type of page migration and why the page is
being migrated.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
This reverts commits a50915394f and
d7c3b937bd.
This is a revert of a revert of a revert. In addition, it reverts the
even older i915 change to stop using the __GFP_NO_KSWAPD flag due to the
original commits in linux-next.
It turns out that the original patch really was bogus, and that the
original revert was the correct thing to do after all. We thought we
had fixed the problem, and then reverted the revert, but the problem
really is fundamental: waking up kswapd simply isn't the right thing to
do, and direct reclaim sometimes simply _is_ the right thing to do.
When certain allocations fail, we simply should try some direct reclaim,
and if that fails, fail the allocation. That's the right thing to do
for THP allocations, which can easily fail, and the GPU allocations want
to do that too.
So starting kswapd is sometimes simply wrong, and removing the flag that
said "don't start kswapd" was a mistake. Let's hope we never revisit
this mistake again - and certainly not this many times ;)
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This reverts commit 782fd30406.
We are going to reinstate the __GFP_NO_KSWAPD flag that has been
removed, the removal reverted, and then removed again. Making this
commit a pointless fixup for a problem that was caused by the removal of
__GFP_NO_KSWAPD flag.
The thing is, we really don't want to wake up kswapd for THP allocations
(because they fail quite commonly under any kind of memory pressure,
including when there is tons of memory free), and these patches were
just trying to fix up the underlying bug: the original removal of
__GFP_NO_KSWAPD in commit c654345924 ("mm: remove __GFP_NO_KSWAPD")
was simply bogus.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
I've legally changed my name with New York State, the US Social Security
Administration, et al. This patch propagates the name change and change
in initials and login to comments in the kernel source as well.
Signed-off-by: Nadia Yvette Chambers <nyc@holomorphy.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
With "mm: vmscan: scale number of pages reclaimed by reclaim/compaction
based on failures" reverted, Zdenek Kabelac reported the following
Hmm, so it's just took longer to hit the problem and observe
kswapd0 spinning on my CPU again - it's not as endless like before -
but still it easily eats minutes - it helps to turn off Firefox
or TB (memory hungry apps) so kswapd0 stops soon - and restart
those apps again. (And I still have like >1GB of cached memory)
kswapd0 R running task 0 30 2 0x00000000
Call Trace:
preempt_schedule+0x42/0x60
_raw_spin_unlock+0x55/0x60
put_super+0x31/0x40
drop_super+0x22/0x30
prune_super+0x149/0x1b0
shrink_slab+0xba/0x510
The sysrq+m indicates the system has no swap so it'll never reclaim
anonymous pages as part of reclaim/compaction. That is one part of the
problem but not the root cause as file-backed pages could also be
reclaimed.
The likely underlying problem is that kswapd is woken up or kept awake
for each THP allocation request in the page allocator slow path.
If compaction fails for the requesting process then compaction will be
deferred for a time and direct reclaim is avoided. However, if there
are a storm of THP requests that are simply rejected, it will still be
the the case that kswapd is awake for a prolonged period of time as
pgdat->kswapd_max_order is updated each time. This is noticed by the
main kswapd() loop and it will not call kswapd_try_to_sleep(). Instead
it will loopp, shrinking a small number of pages and calling
shrink_slab() on each iteration.
This patch defers when kswapd gets woken up for THP allocations. For
!THP allocations, kswapd is always woken up. For THP allocations,
kswapd is woken up iff the process is willing to enter into direct
reclaim/compaction.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix typo in comment]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Zdenek Kabelac <zkabelac@redhat.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Robert Jennings <rcj@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Valdis Kletnieks <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It apepars that this patch was innocent, and we hope that "mm: avoid
waking kswapd for THP allocations when compaction is deferred or
contended" will fix the final kswapd-spinning cause.
Cc: Zdenek Kabelac <zkabelac@redhat.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Valdis Kletnieks <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Robert Jennings <rcj@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit ef6c5be658 ("fix incorrect NR_FREE_PAGES accounting (appears
like memory leak)") fixes a NR_FREE_PAGE accounting leak but missed the
return value which was also missed by this reviewer until today.
That return value is used by compaction when adding pages to a list of
isolated free pages and without this follow-up fix, there is a risk of
free list corruption.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
With "mm: vmscan: scale number of pages reclaimed by reclaim/compaction
based on failures" reverted, Zdenek Kabelac reported the following
Hmm, so it's just took longer to hit the problem and observe
kswapd0 spinning on my CPU again - it's not as endless like before -
but still it easily eats minutes - it helps to turn off Firefox
or TB (memory hungry apps) so kswapd0 stops soon - and restart
those apps again. (And I still have like >1GB of cached memory)
kswapd0 R running task 0 30 2 0x00000000
Call Trace:
preempt_schedule+0x42/0x60
_raw_spin_unlock+0x55/0x60
put_super+0x31/0x40
drop_super+0x22/0x30
prune_super+0x149/0x1b0
shrink_slab+0xba/0x510
The sysrq+m indicates the system has no swap so it'll never reclaim
anonymous pages as part of reclaim/compaction. That is one part of the
problem but not the root cause as file-backed pages could also be
reclaimed.
The likely underlying problem is that kswapd is woken up or kept awake
for each THP allocation request in the page allocator slow path.
If compaction fails for the requesting process then compaction will be
deferred for a time and direct reclaim is avoided. However, if there
are a storm of THP requests that are simply rejected, it will still be
the the case that kswapd is awake for a prolonged period of time as
pgdat->kswapd_max_order is updated each time. This is noticed by the
main kswapd() loop and it will not call kswapd_try_to_sleep(). Instead
it will loopp, shrinking a small number of pages and calling
shrink_slab() on each iteration.
The temptation is to supply a patch that checks if kswapd was woken for
THP and if so ignore pgdat->kswapd_max_order but it'll be a hack and not
backed up by proper testing. As 3.7 is very close to release and this
is not a bug we should release with, a safer path is to revert "mm:
remove __GFP_NO_KSWAPD" for now and revisit it with the view to ironing
out the balance_pgdat() logic in general.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Zdenek Kabelac <zkabelac@redhat.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Valdis Kletnieks <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Robert Jennings <rcj@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There have been some 3.7-rc reports of vm issues, including some kswapd
bugs and, more importantly, some memory "leaks":
http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-mm/msg46187.htmlhttps://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=50181
Commit 1fb3f8ca0e ("mm: compaction: capture a suitable high-order page
immediately when it is made available") took split_free_page() and
reused it for the compaction code. It does something curious with
capture_free_page() (previously known as split_free_page()):
int capture_free_page(struct page *page, int alloc_order,
...
__mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_PAGES, -(1UL << order));
- /* Split into individual pages */
- set_page_refcounted(page);
- split_page(page, order);
+ if (alloc_order != order)
+ expand(zone, page, alloc_order, order,
+ &zone->free_area[order], migratetype);
Note that expand() puts the pages _back_ in the allocator, but it does
not bump NR_FREE_PAGES. We "return" 'alloc_order' worth of pages, but
we accounted for removing 'order' in the __mod_zone_page_state() call.
For the old split_page()-style use (order==alloc_order) the bug will not
trigger. But, when called from the compaction code where we
occasionally get a larger page out of the buddy allocator than we need,
we will run in to this.
This patch simply changes the NR_FREE_PAGES manipulation to the correct
'alloc_order' instead of 'order'.
I've been able to repeatedly trigger this in my testing environment.
The amount "leaked" very closely tracks the imbalance I see in buddy
pages vs. NR_FREE_PAGES. I have confirmed that this patch fixes the
imbalance
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Revert commit 7f1290f2f2 ("mm: fix-up zone present pages")
That patch tried to fix a issue when calculating zone->present_pages,
but it caused a regression on 32bit systems with HIGHMEM. With that
change, reset_zone_present_pages() resets all zone->present_pages to
zero, and fixup_zone_present_pages() is called to recalculate
zone->present_pages when the boot allocator frees core memory pages into
buddy allocator. Because highmem pages are not freed by bootmem
allocator, all highmem zones' present_pages becomes zero.
Various options for improving the situation are being discussed but for
now, let's return to the 3.6 code.
Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Petr Tesarik <ptesarik@suse.cz>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Tested-by: Chris Clayton <chris2553@googlemail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When MEMCG is configured on (even when it's disabled by boot option),
when adding or removing a page to/from its lru list, the zone pointer
used for stats updates is nowadays taken from the struct lruvec. (On
many configurations, calculating zone from page is slower.)
But we have no code to update all the lruvecs (per zone, per memcg) when
a memory node is hotadded. Here's an extract from the oops which
results when running numactl to bind a program to a newly onlined node:
BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000f60
IP: __mod_zone_page_state+0x9/0x60
Pid: 1219, comm: numactl Not tainted 3.6.0-rc5+ #180 Bochs Bochs
Process numactl (pid: 1219, threadinfo ffff880039abc000, task ffff8800383c4ce0)
Call Trace:
__pagevec_lru_add_fn+0xdf/0x140
pagevec_lru_move_fn+0xb1/0x100
__pagevec_lru_add+0x1c/0x30
lru_add_drain_cpu+0xa3/0x130
lru_add_drain+0x2f/0x40
...
The natural solution might be to use a memcg callback whenever memory is
hotadded; but that solution has not been scoped out, and it happens that
we do have an easy location at which to update lruvec->zone. The lruvec
pointer is discovered either by mem_cgroup_zone_lruvec() or by
mem_cgroup_page_lruvec(), and both of those do know the right zone.
So check and set lruvec->zone in those; and remove the inadequate
attempt to set lruvec->zone from lruvec_init(), which is called before
NODE_DATA(node) has been allocated in such cases.
Ah, there was one exceptionr. For no particularly good reason,
mem_cgroup_force_empty_list() has its own code for deciding lruvec.
Change it to use the standard mem_cgroup_zone_lruvec() and
mem_cgroup_get_lru_size() too. In fact it was already safe against such
an oops (the lru lists in danger could only be empty), but we're better
proofed against future changes this way.
I've marked this for stable (3.6) since we introduced the problem in 3.5
(now closed to stable); but I have no idea if this is the only fix
needed to get memory hotadd working with memcg in 3.6, and received no
answer when I enquired twice before.
Reported-by: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
