We enable hardware DBM bit in a capable CPU, very early in the
boot via __cpu_setup. This doesn't give us a flexibility of
optionally disable the feature, as the clearing the bit
is a bit costly as the TLB can cache the settings. Instead,
we delay enabling the feature until the CPU is brought up
into the kernel. We use the feature capability mechanism
to handle it.
The hardware DBM is a non-conflicting feature. i.e, the kernel
can safely run with a mix of CPUs with some using the feature
and the others don't. So, it is safe for a late CPU to have
this capability and enable it, even if the active CPUs don't.
To get this handled properly by the infrastructure, we
unconditionally set the capability and only enable it
on CPUs which really have the feature. Also, we print the
feature detection from the "matches" call back to make sure
we don't mislead the user when none of the CPUs could use the
feature.
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Dave Martin <dave.martin@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
TCR_EL1.NFD1 was allocated by SVE and ensures that fault-surpressing SVE
memory accesses (e.g. speculative accesses from a first-fault gather load)
which translate via TTBR1_EL1 result in a translation fault if they
miss in the TLB when executed from EL0. This mitigates some timing attacks
against KASLR, where the kernel address space could otherwise be probed
efficiently using the FFR in conjunction with suppressed faults on SVE
loads.
Cc: Dave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com>
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
When KASAN is enabled, the swapper page table contains many identical
mappings of the zero page, which can lead to a stall during boot whilst
the G -> nG code continually walks the same page table entries looking
for global mappings.
This patch sets the nG bit (bit 11, which is IGNORED) in table entries
after processing the subtree so we can easily skip them if we see them
a second time.
Tested-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
The identity map is mapped as both writeable and executable by the
SWAPPER_MM_MMUFLAGS and this is relied upon by the kpti code to manage
a synchronisation flag. Update the .pushsection flags to reflect the
actual mapping attributes.
Reported-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Since AArch64 assembly instructions take the destination register as
their first operand, do the same thing for the phys_to_ttbr macro.
Acked-by: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Defaulting to global mappings for kernel space is generally good for
performance and appears to be necessary for Cavium ThunderX. If we
subsequently decide that we need to enable kpti, then we need to rewrite
our existing page table entries to be non-global. This is fiddly, and
made worse by the possible use of contiguous mappings, which require
a strict break-before-make sequence.
Since the enable callback runs on each online CPU from stop_machine
context, we can have all CPUs enter the idmap, where secondaries can
wait for the primary CPU to rewrite swapper with its MMU off. It's all
fairly horrible, but at least it only runs once.
Tested-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
In cpu_do_switch_mm(.) with ARM64_SW_TTBR0_PAN=y we apply phys_to_ttbr
to a value that already has an ASID inserted into the upper bits. For
52-bit PA configurations this then can give us TTBR0_EL1 registers that
cause translation table walks to attempt to access non-zero PA[51:48]
spuriously. Ultimately leading to a Synchronous External Abort on level
1 translation.
This patch re-arranges the logic in cpu_do_switch_mm(.) such that
phys_to_ttbr is called before the ASID is inserted into the TTBR0 value.
Fixes: 6b88a32c7a ("arm64: kpti: Fix the interaction between ASID switching and software PAN")
Acked-by: Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>
Tested-by: Kristina Martsenko <kristina.martsenko@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Kristina Martsenko <kristina.martsenko@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve Capper <steve.capper@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
With ARM64_SW_TTBR0_PAN enabled, the exception entry code checks the
active ASID to decide whether user access was enabled (non-zero ASID)
when the exception was taken. On return from exception, if user access
was previously disabled, it re-instates TTBR0_EL1 from the per-thread
saved value (updated in switch_mm() or efi_set_pgd()).
Commit 7655abb953 ("arm64: mm: Move ASID from TTBR0 to TTBR1") makes a
TTBR0_EL1 + ASID switching non-atomic. Subsequently, commit 27a921e757
("arm64: mm: Fix and re-enable ARM64_SW_TTBR0_PAN") changes the
__uaccess_ttbr0_disable() function and asm macro to first write the
reserved TTBR0_EL1 followed by the ASID=0 update in TTBR1_EL1. If an
exception occurs between these two, the exception return code will
re-instate a valid TTBR0_EL1. Similar scenario can happen in
cpu_switch_mm() between setting the reserved TTBR0_EL1 and the ASID
update in cpu_do_switch_mm().
This patch reverts the entry.S check for ASID == 0 to TTBR0_EL1 and
disables the interrupts around the TTBR0_EL1 and ASID switching code in
__uaccess_ttbr0_disable(). It also ensures that, when returning from the
EFI runtime services, efi_set_pgd() doesn't leave a non-zero ASID in
TTBR1_EL1 by using uaccess_ttbr0_{enable,disable}.
The accesses to current_thread_info()->ttbr0 are updated to use
READ_ONCE/WRITE_ONCE.
As a safety measure, __uaccess_ttbr0_enable() always masks out any
existing non-zero ASID TTBR1_EL1 before writing in the new ASID.
Fixes: 27a921e757 ("arm64: mm: Fix and re-enable ARM64_SW_TTBR0_PAN")
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Reported-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Tested-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Co-developed-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
KVM would like to consume any pending SError (or RAS error) after guest
exit. Today it has to unmask SError and use dsb+isb to synchronise the
CPU. With the RAS extensions we can use ESB to synchronise any pending
SError.
Add the necessary macros to allow DISR to be read and converted to an
ESR.
We clear the DISR register when we enable the RAS cpufeature, and the
kernel has not executed any ESB instructions. Any value we find in DISR
must have belonged to firmware. Executing an ESB instruction is the
only way to update DISR, so we can expect firmware to have handled
any deferred SError. By the same logic we clear DISR in the idle path.
Reviewed-by: Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
__cpu_setup() configures SCTLR_EL1 using some hard coded hex masks,
and el2_setup() duplicates some this when setting RES1 bits.
Lets make this the same as KVM's hyp_init, which uses named bits.
First, we add definitions for all the SCTLR_EL{1,2} bits, the RES{1,0}
bits, and those we want to set or clear.
Add a build_bug checks to ensures all bits are either set or clear.
This means we don't need to preserve endian-ness configuration
generated elsewhere.
Finally, move the head.S and proc.S users of these hard-coded masks
over to the macro versions.
Signed-off-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Now that KVM uses tpidr_el2 in the same way as Linux's cpu_offset in
tpidr_el1, merge the two. This saves KVM from save/restoring tpidr_el1
on VHE hosts, and allows future code to blindly access per-cpu variables
without triggering world-switch.
Signed-off-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoffer Dall <cdall@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
We will soon need to invoke a CPU-specific function pointer after changing
page tables, so move post_ttbr_update_workaround out into C code to make
this possible.
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
* for-next/52-bit-pa:
arm64: enable 52-bit physical address support
arm64: allow ID map to be extended to 52 bits
arm64: handle 52-bit physical addresses in page table entries
arm64: don't open code page table entry creation
arm64: head.S: handle 52-bit PAs in PTEs in early page table setup
arm64: handle 52-bit addresses in TTBR
arm64: limit PA size to supported range
arm64: add kconfig symbol to configure physical address size
The top 4 bits of a 52-bit physical address are positioned at bits 2..5
in the TTBR registers. Introduce a couple of macros to move the bits
there, and change all TTBR writers to use them.
Leave TTBR0 PAN code unchanged, to avoid complicating it. A system with
52-bit PA will have PAN anyway (because it's ARMv8.1 or later), and a
system without 52-bit PA can only use up to 48-bit PAs. A later patch in
this series will add a kconfig dependency to ensure PAN is configured.
In addition, when using 52-bit PA there is a special alignment
requirement on the top-level table. We don't currently have any VA_BITS
configuration that would violate the requirement, but one could be added
in the future, so add a compile-time BUG_ON to check for it.
Tested-by: Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Tested-by: Bob Picco <bob.picco@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Picco <bob.picco@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Kristina Martsenko <kristina.martsenko@arm.com>
[catalin.marinas@arm.com: added TTBR_BADD_MASK_52 comment]
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
We currently copy the physical address size from
ID_AA64MMFR0_EL1.PARange directly into TCR.(I)PS. This will not work for
4k and 16k granule kernels on systems that support 52-bit physical
addresses, since 52-bit addresses are only permitted with the 64k
granule.
To fix this, fall back to 48 bits when configuring the PA size when the
kernel does not support 52-bit PAs. When it does, fall back to 52, to
avoid similar problems in the future if the PA size is ever increased
above 52.
Tested-by: Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Tested-by: Bob Picco <bob.picco@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Picco <bob.picco@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Kristina Martsenko <kristina.martsenko@arm.com>
[catalin.marinas@arm.com: tcr_set_pa_size macro renamed to tcr_compute_pa_size]
[catalin.marinas@arm.com: comments added to tcr_compute_pa_size]
[catalin.marinas@arm.com: definitions added for TCR_*PS_SHIFT]
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
The post_ttbr0_update_workaround hook applies to any change to TTBRx_EL1.
Since we're using TTBR1 for the ASID, rename the hook to make it clearer
as to what it's doing.
Reviewed-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Tested-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Shanker Donthineni <shankerd@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
The pre_ttbr0_update_workaround hook is called prior to context-switching
TTBR0 because Falkor erratum E1003 can cause TLB allocation with the wrong
ASID if both the ASID and the base address of the TTBR are updated at
the same time.
With the ASID sitting safely in TTBR1, we no longer update things
atomically, so we can remove the pre_ttbr0_update_workaround macro as
it's no longer required. The erratum infrastructure and documentation
is left around for #E1003, as it will be required by the entry
trampoline code in a future patch.
Reviewed-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Tested-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Shanker Donthineni <shankerd@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
In preparation for mapping kernelspace and userspace with different
ASIDs, move the ASID to TTBR1 and update switch_mm to context-switch
TTBR0 via an invalid mapping (the zero page).
Reviewed-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Tested-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Shanker Donthineni <shankerd@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
There are a few places where we want to mask all exceptions. Today we
do this in a piecemeal fashion, typically we expect the caller to
have masked irqs and the arch code masks debug exceptions, ignoring
serror which is probably masked.
Make it clear that 'mask all exceptions' is the intention by adding
helpers to do exactly that.
This will let us unmask SError without having to add 'oh and SError'
to these paths.
Signed-off-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Julien Thierry <julien.thierry@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Commit 38fd94b027 ("arm64: Work around Falkor erratum 1003") tried to
work around a hardware erratum, but actually caused a system crash of
its own during switch_mm:
cpu_do_switch_mm+0x20/0x40
efi_virtmap_load+0x34/0x40
virt_efi_get_next_variable+0x64/0xc8
efivar_init+0x8c/0x348
efisubsys_init+0xd4/0x270
do_one_initcall+0x80/0x110
kernel_init_freeable+0x19c/0x240
kernel_init+0x10/0x100
ret_from_fork+0x10/0x50
Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! exitcode=0x0000000b
In cpu_do_switch_mm, x1 contains the mm_struct pointer, which needs to
be preserved by the pre_ttbr0_update_workaround macro rather than passed
as a temporary.
This patch clobbers x2 and x3 instead, keeping the mm_struct intact
after the workaround has run.
Fixes: 38fd94b027 ("arm64: Work around Falkor erratum 1003")
Tested-by: Manoj Iyer <manoj.iyer@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Shanker Donthineni <shankerd@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
The Qualcomm Datacenter Technologies Falkor v1 CPU may allocate TLB entries
using an incorrect ASID when TTBRx_EL1 is being updated. When the erratum
is triggered, page table entries using the new translation table base
address (BADDR) will be allocated into the TLB using the old ASID. All
circumstances leading to the incorrect ASID being cached in the TLB arise
when software writes TTBRx_EL1[ASID] and TTBRx_EL1[BADDR], a memory
operation is in the process of performing a translation using the specific
TTBRx_EL1 being written, and the memory operation uses a translation table
descriptor designated as non-global. EL2 and EL3 code changing the EL1&0
ASID is not subject to this erratum because hardware is prohibited from
performing translations from an out-of-context translation regime.
Consider the following pseudo code.
write new BADDR and ASID values to TTBRx_EL1
Replacing the above sequence with the one below will ensure that no TLB
entries with an incorrect ASID are used by software.
write reserved value to TTBRx_EL1[ASID]
ISB
write new value to TTBRx_EL1[BADDR]
ISB
write new value to TTBRx_EL1[ASID]
ISB
When the above sequence is used, page table entries using the new BADDR
value may still be incorrectly allocated into the TLB using the reserved
ASID. Yet this will not reduce functionality, since TLB entries incorrectly
tagged with the reserved ASID will never be hit by a later instruction.
Based on work by Shanker Donthineni <shankerd@codeaurora.org>
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Christopher Covington <cov@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
This patch takes the errata workaround code out of cpu_do_switch_mm into
a dedicated post_ttbr0_update_workaround macro which will be reused in a
subsequent patch.
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
When returning from idle, we rely on the fact that thread_info lives at
the end of the kernel stack, and restore this by masking the saved stack
pointer. Subsequent patches will sever the relationship between the
stack and thread_info, and to cater for this we must save/restore sp_el0
explicitly, storing it in cpu_suspend_ctx.
As cpu_suspend_ctx must be doubleword aligned, this leaves us with an
extra slot in cpu_suspend_ctx. We can use this to save/restore tpidr_el1
in the same way, which simplifies the code, avoiding pointer chasing on
the restore path (as we no longer need to load thread_info::cpu followed
by the relevant slot in __per_cpu_offset based on this).
This patch stashes both registers in cpu_suspend_ctx.
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Tested-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Lorenzo Pieralisi <lorenzo.pieralisi@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
- Support for execute-only page permissions
- Support for hibernate and DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
- Support for heterogeneous systems with mismatches cache line sizes
- Errata workarounds (A53 843419 update and QorIQ A-008585 timer bug)
- arm64 PMU perf updates, including cpumasks for heterogeneous systems
- Set UTS_MACHINE for building rpm packages
- Yet another head.S tidy-up
- Some cleanups and refactoring, particularly in the NUMA code
- Lots of random, non-critical fixes across the board
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Merge tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux
Pull arm64 updates from Will Deacon:
"It's a bit all over the place this time with no "killer feature" to
speak of. Support for mismatched cache line sizes should help people
seeing whacky JIT failures on some SoCs, and the big.LITTLE perf
updates have been a long time coming, but a lot of the changes here
are cleanups.
We stray outside arch/arm64 in a few areas: the arch/arm/ arch_timer
workaround is acked by Russell, the DT/OF bits are acked by Rob, the
arch_timer clocksource changes acked by Marc, CPU hotplug by tglx and
jump_label by Peter (all CC'd).
Summary:
- Support for execute-only page permissions
- Support for hibernate and DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
- Support for heterogeneous systems with mismatches cache line sizes
- Errata workarounds (A53 843419 update and QorIQ A-008585 timer bug)
- arm64 PMU perf updates, including cpumasks for heterogeneous systems
- Set UTS_MACHINE for building rpm packages
- Yet another head.S tidy-up
- Some cleanups and refactoring, particularly in the NUMA code
- Lots of random, non-critical fixes across the board"
* tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux: (100 commits)
arm64: tlbflush.h: add __tlbi() macro
arm64: Kconfig: remove SMP dependence for NUMA
arm64: Kconfig: select OF/ACPI_NUMA under NUMA config
arm64: fix dump_backtrace/unwind_frame with NULL tsk
arm/arm64: arch_timer: Use archdata to indicate vdso suitability
arm64: arch_timer: Work around QorIQ Erratum A-008585
arm64: arch_timer: Add device tree binding for A-008585 erratum
arm64: Correctly bounds check virt_addr_valid
arm64: migrate exception table users off module.h and onto extable.h
arm64: pmu: Hoist pmu platform device name
arm64: pmu: Probe default hw/cache counters
arm64: pmu: add fallback probe table
MAINTAINERS: Update ARM PMU PROFILING AND DEBUGGING entry
arm64: Improve kprobes test for atomic sequence
arm64/kvm: use alternative auto-nop
arm64: use alternative auto-nop
arm64: alternative: add auto-nop infrastructure
arm64: lse: convert lse alternatives NOP padding to use __nops
arm64: barriers: introduce nops and __nops macros for NOP sequences
arm64: sysreg: replace open-coded mrs_s/msr_s with {read,write}_sysreg_s
...
Make use of the new alternative_if and alternative_else_nop_endif and
get rid of our homebew NOP sleds, making the code simpler to read.
Note that for cpu_do_switch_mm the ret has been moved out of the
alternative sequence, and in the default case there will be three
additional NOPs executed.
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Changes to make the resume from cpu_suspend() code behave more like
secondary boot caused debug exceptions to be unmasked early by
__cpu_setup(). We then go on to restore mdscr_el1 in cpu_do_resume(),
potentially taking break or watch points based on uninitialised registers.
Mask debug exceptions in cpu_do_resume(), which is specific to resume
from cpu_suspend(). Debug exceptions will be restored to their original
state by local_dbg_restore() in cpu_suspend(), which runs after
hw_breakpoint_restore() has re-initialised the other registers.
Reported-by: Lorenzo Pieralisi <lorenzo.pieralisi@arm.com>
Fixes: cabe1c81ea ("arm64: Change cpu_resume() to enable mmu early then access sleep_sp by va")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 4.7+
Signed-off-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Resume from hibernate needs to clean any text executed by the kernel with
the MMU off to the PoC. Collect these functions together into the
.idmap.text section as all this code is tightly coupled and also needs
the same cleaning after resume.
Data is more complicated, secondary_holding_pen_release is written with
the MMU on, clean and invalidated, then read with the MMU off. In contrast
__boot_cpu_mode is written with the MMU off, the corresponding cache line
is invalidated, so when we read it with the MMU on we don't get stale data.
These cache maintenance operations conflict with each other if the values
are within a Cache Writeback Granule (CWG) of each other.
Collect the data into two sections .mmuoff.data.read and .mmuoff.data.write,
the linker script ensures mmuoff.data.write section is aligned to the
architectural maximum CWG of 2KB.
Signed-off-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Clearing PSTATE.D is one of the requirements for generating a debug
exception. The arm64 booting protocol requires that PSTATE.D is set,
since many of the debug registers (for example, the hw_breakpoint
registers) are UNKNOWN out of reset and could potentially generate
spurious, fatal debug exceptions in early boot code if PSTATE.D was
clear. Once the debug registers have been safely initialised, PSTATE.D
is cleared, however this is currently broken for two reasons:
(1) The boot CPU clears PSTATE.D in a postcore_initcall and secondary
CPUs clear PSTATE.D in secondary_start_kernel. Since the initcall
runs after SMP (and the scheduler) have been initialised, there is
no guarantee that it is actually running on the boot CPU. In this
case, the boot CPU is left with PSTATE.D set and is not capable of
generating debug exceptions.
(2) In a preemptible kernel, we may explicitly schedule on the IRQ
return path to EL1. If an IRQ occurs with PSTATE.D set in the idle
thread, then we may schedule the kthread_init thread, run the
postcore_initcall to clear PSTATE.D and then context switch back
to the idle thread before returning from the IRQ. The exception
return path will then restore PSTATE.D from the stack, and set it
again.
This patch fixes the problem by moving the clearing of PSTATE.D earlier
to proc.S. This has the desirable effect of clearing it in one place for
all CPUs, long before we have to worry about the scheduler or any
exception handling. We ensure that the previous reset of MDSCR_EL1 has
completed before unmasking the exception, so that any spurious
exceptions resulting from UNKNOWN debug registers are not generated.
Without this patch applied, the kprobes selftests have been seen to fail
under KVM, where we end up attempting to step the OOL instruction buffer
with PSTATE.D set and therefore fail to complete the step.
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Reported-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Tested-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Tested-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
By enabling the MMU early in cpu_resume(), the sleep_save_sp and stack can
be accessed by VA, which avoids the need to convert-addresses and clean to
PoC on the suspend path.
MMU setup is shared with the boot path, meaning the swapper_pg_dir is
restored directly: ttbr1_el1 is no longer saved/restored.
struct sleep_save_sp is removed, replacing it with a single array of
pointers.
cpu_do_{suspend,resume} could be further reduced to not restore: cpacr_el1,
mdscr_el1, tcr_el1, vbar_el1 and sctlr_el1, all of which are set by
__cpu_setup(). However these values all contain res0 bits that may be used
to enable future features.
Signed-off-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Pieralisi <lorenzo.pieralisi@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
To allow the assembler macros defined in arch/arm64/mm/proc-macros.S to
be used outside the mm code move the contents of proc-macros.S to
asm/assembler.h. Also, delete proc-macros.S, and fix up all references
to proc-macros.S.
Signed-off-by: Geoff Levand <geoff@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
[rebased, included dcache_by_line_op]
Signed-off-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
On ThunderX T88 pass 1.x through 2.1 parts, broadcast TLBI
instructions may cause the icache to become corrupted if it contains
data for a non-current ASID.
This patch implements the workaround (which invalidates the local
icache when switching the mm) by using code patching.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Pinski <apinski@cavium.com>
Signed-off-by: David Daney <david.daney@cavium.com>
Reviewed-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
If page tables are modified without suitable TLB maintenance, the ARM
architecture permits multiple TLB entries to be allocated for the same
VA. When this occurs, it is permitted that TLB conflict aborts are
raised in response to synchronous data/instruction accesses, and/or and
amalgamation of the TLB entries may be used as a result of a TLB lookup.
The presence of conflicting TLB entries may result in a variety of
behaviours detrimental to the system (e.g. erroneous physical addresses
may be used by I-cache fetches and/or page table walks). Some of these
cases may result in unexpected changes of hardware state, and/or result
in the (asynchronous) delivery of SError.
To avoid these issues, we must avoid situations where conflicting
entries may be allocated into TLBs. For user and module mappings we can
follow a strict break-before-make approach, but this cannot work for
modifications to the swapper page tables that cover the kernel text and
data.
Instead, this patch adds code which is intended to be executed from the
idmap, which can safely unmap the swapper page tables as it only
requires the idmap to be active. This enables us to uninstall the active
TTBR1_EL1 entry, invalidate TLBs, then install a new TTBR1_EL1 entry
without potentially unmapping code or data required for the sequence.
This avoids the risk of conflict, but requires that updates are staged
in a copy of the swapper page tables prior to being installed.
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Tested-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Jeremy Linton <jeremy.linton@arm.com>
Cc: Laura Abbott <labbott@fedoraproject.org>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
The Performance Monitors extension is an optional feature of the
AArch64 architecture, therefore, in order to access Performance
Monitors registers safely, the kernel should detect the architected
PMU unit presence through the ID_AA64DFR0_EL1 register PMUVer field
before accessing them.
This patch implements a guard by reading the ID_AA64DFR0_EL1 register
PMUVer field to detect the architected PMU presence and prevent accessing
PMU system registers if the Performance Monitors extension is not
implemented in the core.
Cc: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Fixes: 60792ad349 ("arm64: kernel: enforce pmuserenr_el0 initialization and restore")
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Pieralisi <lorenzo.pieralisi@arm.com>
Reported-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
- Support for the CPU PMU in Cortex-A72
- Add sysfs entries to describe the architected events and their
mappings for PMUv{1-3}
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Merge tag 'arm64-perf' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux
Pull arm[64] perf updates from Will Deacon:
"In the past, I have funnelled perf updates through the respective
architecture trees, but now that the arm/arm64 perf driver has been
largely consolidated under drivers/perf/, it makes more sense to send
a separate pull, particularly as I'm listed as maintainer for all the
files involved. I offered the branch to arm-soc, but Arnd suggested
that I just send it to you directly.
So, here is the arm/arm64 perf queue for 4.5. The main features are
described below, but the most useful change is from Drew, which
advertises our architected event mapping in sysfs so that the perf
tool is a lot more user friendly and no longer requires the use of
magic hex constants for profiling common events.
- Support for the CPU PMU in Cortex-A72
- Add sysfs entries to describe the architected events and their
mappings for PMUv{1-3}"
* tag 'arm64-perf' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux:
arm64: perf: add support for Cortex-A72
arm64: perf: add format entry to describe event -> config mapping
ARM: perf: add format entry to describe event -> config mapping
arm64: kernel: enforce pmuserenr_el0 initialization and restore
arm64: perf: Correct Cortex-A53/A57 compatible values
arm64: perf: Add event descriptions
arm64: perf: Convert event enums to #defines
arm: perf: Add event descriptions
arm: perf: Convert event enums to #defines
drivers/perf: kill armpmu_register
The pmuserenr_el0 register value is architecturally UNKNOWN on reset.
Current kernel code resets that register value iff the core pmu device is
correctly probed in the kernel. On platforms with missing DT pmu nodes (or
disabled perf events in the kernel), the pmu is not probed, therefore the
pmuserenr_el0 register is not reset in the kernel, which means that its
value retains the reset value that is architecturally UNKNOWN (system
may run with eg pmuserenr_el0 == 0x1, which means that PMU counters access
is available at EL0, which must be disallowed).
This patch adds code that resets pmuserenr_el0 on cold boot and restores
it on core resume from shutdown, so that the pmuserenr_el0 setup is
always enforced in the kernel.
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Pieralisi <lorenzo.pieralisi@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
We drop __cpu_setup in .text.init, which ends up being part of .text.
The .text.init section was a legacy section name which has been unused
elsewhere for a long time.
The ".text.init" name is misleading if read as a synonym for
".init.text". Any CPU may execute __cpu_setup before turning the MMU on,
so it should simply live in .text.
Remove the pointless section assignment. This will leave __cpu_setup in
the .text section.
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
- "genirq: Introduce generic irq migration for cpu hotunplugged" patch
merged from tip/irq/for-arm to allow the arm64-specific part to be
upstreamed via the arm64 tree
- CPU feature detection reworked to cope with heterogeneous systems
where CPUs may not have exactly the same features. The features
reported by the kernel via internal data structures or ELF_HWCAP are
delayed until all the CPUs are up (and before user space starts)
- Support for 16KB pages, with the additional bonus of a 36-bit VA
space, though the latter only depending on EXPERT
- Implement native {relaxed, acquire, release} atomics for arm64
- New ASID allocation algorithm which avoids IPI on roll-over, together
with TLB invalidation optimisations (using local vs global where
feasible)
- KASan support for arm64
- EFI_STUB clean-up and isolation for the kernel proper (required by
KASan)
- copy_{to,from,in}_user optimisations (sharing the memcpy template)
- perf: moving arm64 to the arm32/64 shared PMU framework
- L1_CACHE_BYTES increased to 128 to accommodate Cavium hardware
- Support for the contiguous PTE hint on kernel mapping (16 consecutive
entries may be able to use a single TLB entry)
- Generic CONFIG_HZ now used on arm64
- defconfig updates
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Merge tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux
Pull arm64 updates from Catalin Marinas:
- "genirq: Introduce generic irq migration for cpu hotunplugged" patch
merged from tip/irq/for-arm to allow the arm64-specific part to be
upstreamed via the arm64 tree
- CPU feature detection reworked to cope with heterogeneous systems
where CPUs may not have exactly the same features. The features
reported by the kernel via internal data structures or ELF_HWCAP are
delayed until all the CPUs are up (and before user space starts)
- Support for 16KB pages, with the additional bonus of a 36-bit VA
space, though the latter only depending on EXPERT
- Implement native {relaxed, acquire, release} atomics for arm64
- New ASID allocation algorithm which avoids IPI on roll-over, together
with TLB invalidation optimisations (using local vs global where
feasible)
- KASan support for arm64
- EFI_STUB clean-up and isolation for the kernel proper (required by
KASan)
- copy_{to,from,in}_user optimisations (sharing the memcpy template)
- perf: moving arm64 to the arm32/64 shared PMU framework
- L1_CACHE_BYTES increased to 128 to accommodate Cavium hardware
- Support for the contiguous PTE hint on kernel mapping (16 consecutive
entries may be able to use a single TLB entry)
- Generic CONFIG_HZ now used on arm64
- defconfig updates
* tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux: (91 commits)
arm64/efi: fix libstub build under CONFIG_MODVERSIONS
ARM64: Enable multi-core scheduler support by default
arm64/efi: move arm64 specific stub C code to libstub
arm64: page-align sections for DEBUG_RODATA
arm64: Fix build with CONFIG_ZONE_DMA=n
arm64: Fix compat register mappings
arm64: Increase the max granular size
arm64: remove bogus TASK_SIZE_64 check
arm64: make Timer Interrupt Frequency selectable
arm64/mm: use PAGE_ALIGNED instead of IS_ALIGNED
arm64: cachetype: fix definitions of ICACHEF_* flags
arm64: cpufeature: declare enable_cpu_capabilities as static
genirq: Make the cpuhotplug migration code less noisy
arm64: Constify hwcap name string arrays
arm64/kvm: Make use of the system wide safe values
arm64/debug: Make use of the system wide safe value
arm64: Move FP/ASIMD hwcap handling to common code
arm64/HWCAP: Use system wide safe values
arm64/capabilities: Make use of system wide safe value
arm64: Delay cpu feature capability checks
...
This patch turns on the 16K page support in the kernel. We
support 48bit VA (4 level page tables) and 47bit VA (3 level
page tables).
With 16K we can map 128 entries using contiguous bit hint
at level 3 to map 2M using single TLB entry.
TODO: 16K supports 32 contiguous entries at level 2 to get us
1G(which is not yet supported by the infrastructure). That should
be a separate patch altogether.
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Jeremy Linton <jeremy.linton@arm.com>
Cc: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Cc: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org>
Cc: Steve Capper <steve.capper@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Suzuki K. Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Our current switch_mm implementation suffers from a number of problems:
(1) The ASID allocator relies on IPIs to synchronise the CPUs on a
rollover event
(2) Because of (1), we cannot allocate ASIDs with interrupts disabled
and therefore make use of a TIF_SWITCH_MM flag to postpone the
actual switch to finish_arch_post_lock_switch
(3) We run context switch with a reserved (invalid) TTBR0 value, even
though the ASID and pgd are updated atomically
(4) We take a global spinlock (cpu_asid_lock) during context-switch
(5) We use h/w broadcast TLB operations when they are not required
(e.g. in flush_context)
This patch addresses these problems by rewriting the ASID algorithm to
match the bitmap-based arch/arm/ implementation more closely. This in
turn allows us to remove much of the complications surrounding switch_mm,
including the ugly thread flag.
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
When cold-booting a CPU, we must invalidate any junk entries from the
local TLB prior to enabling the MMU. This doesn't require broadcasting
within the inner-shareable domain, so de-scope the operation to apply
only to the local CPU.
Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Tested-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
We don't want to expose the DCC to userspace, particularly as there is
a kernel console driver for it.
This patch resets mdscr_el1 to disable userspace access to the DCC
registers on the cold boot path.
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
UEFI spec 2.5 section 2.3.6.1 defines that
EFI_MEMORY_[UC|WC|WT|WB] are possible EFI memory types for
AArch64.
Each of those EFI memory types is mapped to a corresponding
AArch64 memory type. So we need to define PROT_DEVICE_nGnRnE
and PROT_NORMWL_WT additionaly.
MT_NORMAL_WT is defined, and its encoding is added to MAIR_EL1
when initializing the CPU.
Signed-off-by: Jonathan (Zhixiong) Zhang <zjzhang@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1438936621-5215-6-git-send-email-matt@codeblueprint.co.uk
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
The arm64 booting document requires that the bootloader has cleaned the
kernel image to the PoC. However, when a CPU re-enters the kernel due to
either a CPU hotplug "on" event or resuming from a low-power state (e.g.
cpuidle), the kernel text may in-fact be dirty at the PoU due to things
like alternative patching or even module loading.
Thanks to I-cache speculation with the MMU off, stale instructions could
be fetched prior to enabling the MMU, potentially leading to crashes
when executing regions of code that have been modified at runtime.
This patch addresses the issue by ensuring that the local I-cache is
invalidated immediately after a CPU has enabled its MMU but before
jumping out of the identity mapping. Any stale instructions fetched from
the PoC will then be discarded and refetched correctly from the PoU.
Patching kernel text executed prior to the MMU being enabled is
prohibited, so the early entry code will always be clean.
Reviewed-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Tested-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Nobody seems to be producing !SMP systems anymore, so this is just
becoming a source of kernel bugs, particularly if people want to use
coherent DMA with non-shared pages.
This patch forces CONFIG_SMP=y for arm64, removing a modest amount of
code in the process.
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
The ARMv8.1 architecture extensions introduce support for hardware
updates of the access and dirty information in page table entries. With
TCR_EL1.HA enabled, when the CPU accesses an address with the PTE_AF bit
cleared in the page table, instead of raising an access flag fault the
CPU sets the actual page table entry bit. To ensure that kernel
modifications to the page tables do not inadvertently revert a change
introduced by hardware updates, the exclusive monitor (ldxr/stxr) is
adopted in the pte accessors.
When TCR_EL1.HD is enabled, a write access to a memory location with the
DBM (Dirty Bit Management) bit set in the corresponding pte
automatically clears the read-only bit (AP[2]). Such DBM bit maps onto
the Linux PTE_WRITE bit and to check whether a writable (DBM set) page
is dirty, the kernel tests the PTE_RDONLY bit. In order to allow
read-only and dirty pages, the kernel needs to preserve the software
dirty bit. The hardware dirty status is transferred to the software
dirty bit in ptep_set_wrprotect() (using load/store exclusive loop) and
pte_modify().
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
The documented semantics of flush_cache_all are not possible to provide
for arm64 (short of flushing the entire physical address space by VA),
and there are currently no users; KVM uses VA maintenance exclusively,
cpu_reset is never called, and the only two users outside of arch code
cannot be built for arm64.
While cpu_soft_reset and related functions (which call flush_cache_all)
were thought to be useful for kexec, their current implementations only
serve to mask bugs. For correctness kexec will need to perform
maintenance by VA anyway to account for system caches, line migration,
and other subtleties of the cache architecture. As the extent of this
cache maintenance will be kexec-specific, it should probably live in the
kexec code.
This patch removes flush_cache_all, and related unused components,
preventing further abuse.
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: AKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi@linaro.org>
Cc: Geoff Levand <geoff@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Acked-by: Lorenzo Pieralisi <lorenzo.pieralisi@arm.com>
Acked-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
The page size and the number of translation levels, and hence the supported
virtual address range, are build-time configurables on arm64 whose optimal
values are use case dependent. However, in the current implementation, if
the system's RAM is located at a very high offset, the virtual address range
needs to reflect that merely because the identity mapping, which is only used
to enable or disable the MMU, requires the extended virtual range to map the
physical memory at an equal virtual offset.
This patch relaxes that requirement, by increasing the number of translation
levels for the identity mapping only, and only when actually needed, i.e.,
when system RAM's offset is found to be out of reach at runtime.
Tested-by: Laura Abbott <lauraa@codeaurora.org>
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Tested-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
ARM64_CPU_SUSPEND config option was introduced to make code providing
context save/restore selectable only on platforms requiring power
management capabilities.
Currently ARM64_CPU_SUSPEND depends on the PM_SLEEP config option which
in turn is set by the SUSPEND config option.
The introduction of CPU_IDLE for arm64 requires that code configured
by ARM64_CPU_SUSPEND (context save/restore) should be compiled in
in order to enable the CPU idle driver to rely on CPU operations
carrying out context save/restore.
The ARM64_CPUIDLE config option (ARM64 generic idle driver) is therefore
forced to select ARM64_CPU_SUSPEND, even if there may be (ie PM_SLEEP)
failed dependencies, which is not a clean way of handling the kernel
configuration option.
For these reasons, this patch removes the ARM64_CPU_SUSPEND config option
and makes the context save/restore dependent on CPU_PM, which is selected
whenever either SUSPEND or CPU_IDLE are configured, cleaning up dependencies
in the process.
This way, code previously configured through ARM64_CPU_SUSPEND is
compiled in whenever a power management subsystem requires it to be
present in the kernel (SUSPEND || CPU_IDLE), which is the behaviour
expected on ARM64 kernels.
The cpu_suspend and cpu_init_idle CPU operations are added only if
CPU_IDLE is selected, since they are CPU_IDLE specific methods and
should be grouped and defined accordingly.
PSCI CPU operations are updated to reflect the introduced changes.
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Pieralisi <lorenzo.pieralisi@arm.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Krzysztof Kozlowski <k.kozlowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@linaro.org>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
We initialise the SCTLR_EL1 value by read-modify-writeback
of the desired bits, leaving the other bits (including reserved
bits(RESx)) untouched. However, sometimes the boot monitor could
leave garbage values in the RESx bits which could have different
implications. This patch makes sure that all the bits, including
the RESx bits, are set to the proper state, except for the
'endianness' control bits, EE(25) & E0E(24)- which are set early
in the el2_setup.
Updated the state of the Bit[6] in the comment to RES0 in the
comment.
Signed-off-by: Suzuki K. Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
