When parsing disassemble lines, use ltrim() and rtrim() to strip them,
not using just while loop and isspace().
Signed-off-by: Taeung Song <treeze.taeung@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1491612748-1605-2-git-send-email-treeze.taeung@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Pipe-mode has no perf.data header, hence no upfront knowledge of presend
and missing features, hence, do not print missing features in pipe-mode.
Signed-off-by: David Carrillo-Cisneros <davidcc@google.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: He Kuang <hekuang@huawei.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Simon Que <sque@chromium.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170410201432.24807-8-davidcc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Session sets a number parameters that rely on evlist. These parameters
are not used in pipe-mode and should not be set, since evlist is
unavailable. Fix that.
Signed-off-by: David Carrillo-Cisneros <davidcc@google.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: He Kuang <hekuang@huawei.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Simon Que <sque@chromium.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170410201432.24807-6-davidcc@google.com
[ Check if file != NULL in perf_session__new(), like when used by builtin-top.c ]
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
perf annotate did not get some love for pipe-mode, and did not have
.attr and .buil_id setup (while record and inject did. Fix that.
It can easily be reproduced by:
perf record -o - noploop | perf annotate
that in my system shows:
0xd8 [0x28]: failed to process type: 9
Committer Testing:
Before:
$ perf record -o - stress -t 2 -c 2 | perf annotate --stdio
stress: info: [11060] dispatching hogs: 2 cpu, 0 io, 0 vm, 0 hdd
0x4470 [0x28]: failed to process type: 9
$ stress: info: [11060] successful run completed in 2s
$
After:
$ perf record -o - stress -t 2 -c 2 | perf annotate --stdio
stress: info: [11871] dispatching hogs: 2 cpu, 0 io, 0 vm, 0 hdd
stress: info: [11871] successful run completed in 2s
[ perf record: Woken up 2 times to write data ]
[ perf record: Captured and wrote 0.000 MB - ]
no symbols found in /usr/bin/stress, maybe install a debug package?
Percent | Source code & Disassembly of libc-2.24.so for cycles:uhH (6117 samples)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
:
: Disassembly of section .text:
:
: 000000000003b050 <random_r>:
: __random_r():
10.56 : 3b050: test %rdi,%rdi
0.00 : 3b053: je 3b0d0 <random_r+0x80>
0.34 : 3b055: test %rsi,%rsi
0.00 : 3b058: je 3b0d0 <random_r+0x80>
0.46 : 3b05a: mov 0x18(%rdi),%eax
12.44 : 3b05d: mov 0x10(%rdi),%r8
0.18 : 3b061: test %eax,%eax
0.00 : 3b063: je 3b0b0 <random_r+0x60>
<SNIP>
Signed-off-by: David Carrillo-Cisneros <davidcc@google.com>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: He Kuang <hekuang@huawei.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Simon Que <sque@chromium.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170410201432.24807-5-davidcc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Add a minimal description of pipe's data format.
Signed-off-by: David Carrillo-Cisneros <davidcc@google.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: He Kuang <hekuang@huawei.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Simon Que <sque@chromium.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170410201432.24807-4-davidcc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
__perf_session__process_pipe_events reuses the same memory buffer to
process all events in the pipe.
When reordering is needed (e.g. -b option), events are not immediately
flushed, but kept around until reordering is possible, causing
memory corruption.
The problem is usually observed by a "Unknown sample error" output. It
can easily be reproduced by:
perf record -o - noploop | perf inject -b > output
Committer testing:
Before:
$ perf record -o - stress -t 2 -c 2 | perf inject -b > /dev/null
stress: info: [8297] dispatching hogs: 2 cpu, 0 io, 0 vm, 0 hdd
stress: info: [8297] successful run completed in 2s
[ perf record: Woken up 3 times to write data ]
[ perf record: Captured and wrote 0.000 MB - ]
Warning:
Found 1 unknown events!
Is this an older tool processing a perf.data file generated by a more recent tool?
If that is not the case, consider reporting to linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org.
$
After:
$ perf record -o - stress -t 2 -c 2 | perf inject -b > /dev/null
stress: info: [9027] dispatching hogs: 2 cpu, 0 io, 0 vm, 0 hdd
stress: info: [9027] successful run completed in 2s
[ perf record: Woken up 3 times to write data ]
[ perf record: Captured and wrote 0.000 MB - ]
no symbols found in /usr/bin/stress, maybe install a debug package?
no symbols found in /usr/bin/stress, maybe install a debug package?
$
Signed-off-by: David Carrillo-Cisneros <davidcc@google.com>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: He Kuang <hekuang@huawei.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Simon Que <sque@chromium.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170410201432.24807-3-davidcc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
All paths following perf_session__process_event() in __cmd_inject() are
useless if __cmd_inject() is to fail, some depend on a correct
session->evlist.
First commit to add code that depends on session->evlist without checking
error was commmit e558a5bd8b ("perf inject: Work with files"). It has
grown since then.
Change __cmd_inject() to fail immediately after
perf_session__process_event() fails.
Signed-off-by: David Carrillo-Cisneros <davidcc@google.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrew Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
Cc: He Kuang <hekuang@huawei.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Simon Que <sque@chromium.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Fixes: e558a5bd8b ("perf inject: Work with files")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170410201432.24807-2-davidcc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Implement simple detection for all kind of jumps and branches.
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Andreas Krebbel <krebbel@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Hendrik Brueckner <brueckner@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: linux-s390 <linux-s390@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: stable@kernel.org # v4.10+
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1491465112-45819-3-git-send-email-borntraeger@de.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
since 4.10 perf annotate exits on s390 with an "unknown error -95".
Turns out that commit 786c1b5184 ("perf annotate: Start supporting
cross arch annotation") added a hard requirement for architecture
support when objdump is used but only provided x86 and arm support.
Meanwhile power was added so lets add s390 as well.
While at it make sure to implement the branch and jump types.
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Andreas Krebbel <krebbel@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Hendrik Brueckner <brueckner@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: linux-s390 <linux-s390@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: stable@kernel.org # v4.10+
Fixes: 786c1b5184 "perf annotate: Start supporting cross arch annotation"
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1491465112-45819-2-git-send-email-borntraeger@de.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
We don't need to use strlen(), a var, or check for the end explicitely,
isspace('\0') is false:
[acme@jouet c]$ cat ltrim.c
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdio.h>
static char *ltrim(char *s)
{
while (isspace(*s))
++s;
return s;
}
int main(void)
{
printf("ltrim(\"\")='%s'\n", ltrim(""));
return 0;
}
[acme@jouet c]$ ./ltrim
ltrim("")=''
[acme@jouet c]$
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Taeung Song <treeze.taeung@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-w3nk0x3pai2vojk2ab6kdvaw@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
After reading command name from /proc/<pid>/status, use ltrim() and
rtrim() to strip command name, not using just while loop, isspace() and
etc.
Signed-off-by: Taeung Song <treeze.taeung@gmail.com>
Acked-by: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1491575061-704-6-git-send-email-treeze.taeung@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
When parsing {fore, back} ground color configs, use ltrim() instead of
just while loop and isspace().
Signed-off-by: Taeung Song <treeze.taeung@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1491575061-704-4-git-send-email-treeze.taeung@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
To strip csv output, use ltrim() instead of just while loop and
isspace() at print_metric_{only}_csv().
Signed-off-by: Taeung Song <treeze.taeung@gmail.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1491575061-704-3-git-send-email-treeze.taeung@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
The kernel has a special check for a specific irq_vectors trace event.
TRACE_EVENT_PERF_PERM(irq_work_exit,
is_sampling_event(p_event) ? -EPERM : 0);
The perf-record fails for this irq_vectors event when it is present,
like when using a wildcard:
root@skl:/tmp# perf record -a -e irq_vectors:* sleep 2
Error:
You may not have permission to collect system-wide stats.
Consider tweaking /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid,
which controls use of the performance events system by
unprivileged users (without CAP_SYS_ADMIN).
The current value is 2:
-1: Allow use of (almost) all events by all users
>= 0: Disallow raw tracepoint access by users without CAP_IOC_LOCK
>= 1: Disallow CPU event access by users without CAP_SYS_ADMIN
>= 2: Disallow kernel profiling by users without CAP_SYS_ADMIN
To make this setting permanent, edit /etc/sysctl.conf too, e.g.:
kernel.perf_event_paranoid = -1
This patch prints out the exact sub event that failed with EPERM for
wildcards to help in understanding what went wrong when this event is
present:
After the patch:
root@skl:/tmp# perf record -a -e irq_vectors:* sleep 2
Error:
No permission to enable irq_vectors:irq_work_exit event.
You may not have permission to collect system-wide stats.
......
Committer notes:
So we have a lot of irq_vectors events:
[root@jouet ~]# perf list irq_vectors:*
List of pre-defined events (to be used in -e):
irq_vectors:call_function_entry [Tracepoint event]
irq_vectors:call_function_exit [Tracepoint event]
irq_vectors:call_function_single_entry [Tracepoint event]
irq_vectors:call_function_single_exit [Tracepoint event]
irq_vectors:deferred_error_apic_entry [Tracepoint event]
irq_vectors:deferred_error_apic_exit [Tracepoint event]
irq_vectors:error_apic_entry [Tracepoint event]
irq_vectors:error_apic_exit [Tracepoint event]
irq_vectors:irq_work_entry [Tracepoint event]
irq_vectors:irq_work_exit [Tracepoint event]
irq_vectors:local_timer_entry [Tracepoint event]
irq_vectors:local_timer_exit [Tracepoint event]
irq_vectors:reschedule_entry [Tracepoint event]
irq_vectors:reschedule_exit [Tracepoint event]
irq_vectors:spurious_apic_entry [Tracepoint event]
irq_vectors:spurious_apic_exit [Tracepoint event]
irq_vectors:thermal_apic_entry [Tracepoint event]
irq_vectors:thermal_apic_exit [Tracepoint event]
irq_vectors:threshold_apic_entry [Tracepoint event]
irq_vectors:threshold_apic_exit [Tracepoint event]
irq_vectors:x86_platform_ipi_entry [Tracepoint event]
irq_vectors:x86_platform_ipi_exit [Tracepoint event]
#
And some may be sampled:
[root@jouet ~]# perf record -e irq_vectors:local* sleep 20s
[ perf record: Woken up 1 times to write data ]
[ perf record: Captured and wrote 0.020 MB perf.data (2 samples) ]
[root@jouet ~]# perf report -D | egrep 'stats:|events:'
Aggregated stats:
TOTAL events: 155
MMAP events: 144
COMM events: 2
EXIT events: 1
SAMPLE events: 2
MMAP2 events: 4
FINISHED_ROUND events: 1
TIME_CONV events: 1
irq_vectors:local_timer_entry stats:
TOTAL events: 1
SAMPLE events: 1
irq_vectors:local_timer_exit stats:
TOTAL events: 1
SAMPLE events: 1
[root@jouet ~]#
But, as shown in the tracepoint definition at the start of this message,
some, like "irq_vectors:irq_work_exit", may not be sampled, just counted,
i.e. if we try to sample, as when using 'perf record', we get an error:
[root@jouet ~]# perf record -e irq_vectors:irq_work_exit
Error:
You may not have permission to collect system-wide stats.
Consider tweaking /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid,
<SNIP>
The error message is misleading, this patch will help in pointing out
what is the event causing such an error, but the error message needs
improvement, i.e. we need to figure out a way to check if a tracepoint
is counting only, like this one, when all we can do is to count it with
'perf stat', at most printing the delta using interval printing, as in:
[root@jouet ~]# perf stat -I 5000 -e irq_vectors:irq_work_*
# time counts unit events
5.000168871 0 irq_vectors:irq_work_entry
5.000168871 0 irq_vectors:irq_work_exit
10.000676730 0 irq_vectors:irq_work_entry
10.000676730 0 irq_vectors:irq_work_exit
15.001122415 0 irq_vectors:irq_work_entry
15.001122415 0 irq_vectors:irq_work_exit
20.001298051 0 irq_vectors:irq_work_entry
20.001298051 0 irq_vectors:irq_work_exit
25.001485020 1 irq_vectors:irq_work_entry
25.001485020 1 irq_vectors:irq_work_exit
30.001658706 0 irq_vectors:irq_work_entry
30.001658706 0 irq_vectors:irq_work_exit
^C 32.045711878 0 irq_vectors:irq_work_entry
32.045711878 0 irq_vectors:irq_work_exit
[root@jouet ~]#
But at least, when we use a wildcard, this patch helps a bit.
Signed-off-by: Yao Jin <yao.jin@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1491566932-503-1-git-send-email-yao.jin@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Fam16h is the same as the default one, remove it. Turn the switch-case
into a simple if-else.
No functionality change.
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Suravee Suthikulpanit <Suravee.Suthikulpanit@amd.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170410122047.3026-3-bp@alien8.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Pull CIFS fixes from Steve French:
"This is a set of CIFS/SMB3 fixes for stable.
There is another set of four SMB3 reconnect fixes for stable in
progress but they are still being reviewed/tested, so didn't want to
wait any longer to send these five below"
* 'for-next' of git://git.samba.org/sfrench/cifs-2.6:
Reset TreeId to zero on SMB2 TREE_CONNECT
CIFS: Fix build failure with smb2
Introduce cifs_copy_file_range()
SMB3: Rename clone_range to copychunk_range
Handle mismatched open calls
Pull ARM fixes from Russell King:
"A number of ARM fixes:
- prevent oopses caused by dma_get_sgtable() and declared DMA
coherent memory
- fix boot failure on nommu caused by ID_PFR1 access
- a number of kprobes fixes from Jon Medhurst and Masami Hiramatsu"
* 'fixes' of git://git.armlinux.org.uk/~rmk/linux-arm:
ARM: 8665/1: nommu: access ID_PFR1 only if CPUID scheme
ARM: dma-mapping: disallow dma_get_sgtable() for non-kernel managed memory
arm: kprobes: Align stack to 8-bytes in test code
arm: kprobes: Fix the return address of multiple kretprobes
arm: kprobes: Skip single-stepping in recursing path if possible
arm: kprobes: Allow to handle reentered kprobe on single-stepping
Here are 3 small fixes for 4.11-rc6. One resolves a reported issue with
sysfs files that NeilBrown found, one is a documenatation fix for the
stable kernel rules, and the last is a small MAINTAINERS file update for
kernfs.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Merge tag 'driver-core-4.11-rc6' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core
Pull driver core fixes from Greg KH:
"Here are 3 small fixes for 4.11-rc6.
One resolves a reported issue with sysfs files that NeilBrown found,
one is a documenatation fix for the stable kernel rules, and the last
is a small MAINTAINERS file update for kernfs"
* tag 'driver-core-4.11-rc6' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core:
MAINTAINERS: separate out kernfs maintainership
sysfs: be careful of error returns from ops->show()
Documentation: stable-kernel-rules: fix stable-tag format
Here are a number of small IIO and staging driver fixes for 4.11-rc6.
Nothing big here, just iio fixes for reported issues, and an ashmem fix
for a very old bug that has been reported by a number of Android
vendors.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Merge tag 'staging-4.11-rc6' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging
Pull staging/IIO driver rfixes from Greg KH:
"Here are a number of small IIO and staging driver fixes for 4.11-rc6.
Nothing big here, just iio fixes for reported issues, and an ashmem
fix for a very old bug that has been reported by a number of Android
vendors"
* tag 'staging-4.11-rc6' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging:
staging: android: ashmem: lseek failed due to no FMODE_LSEEK.
iio: hid-sensor-attributes: Fix sensor property setting failure.
iio: accel: hid-sensor-accel-3d: Fix duplicate scan index error
iio: core: Fix IIO_VAL_FRACTIONAL_LOG2 for negative values
iio: st_pressure: initialize lps22hb bootime
iio: bmg160: reset chip when probing
iio: cros_ec_sensors: Fix return value to get raw and calibbias data.
Pull VFS fixes from Al Viro:
"statx followup fixes and a fix for stack-smashing on alpha"
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
alpha: fix stack smashing in old_adjtimex(2)
statx: Include a mask for stx_attributes in struct statx
statx: Reserve the top bit of the mask for future struct expansion
xfs: report crtime and attribute flags to statx
ext4: Add statx support
statx: optimize copy of struct statx to userspace
statx: remove incorrect part of vfs_statx() comment
statx: reject unknown flags when using NULL path
Documentation/filesystems: fix documentation for ->getattr()
Pull block fixes from Jens Axboe:
"Here's a pull request for 4.11-rc, fixing a set of issues mostly
centered around the new scheduling framework. These have been brewing
for a while, but split up into what we absolutely need in 4.11, and
what we can defer until 4.12. These are well tested, on both single
queue and multiqueue setups, and with and without shared tags. They
fix several hangs that have happened in testing.
This is obviously larger than I would have preferred at this point in
time, but I don't think we can shave much off this and still get the
desired results.
In detail, this pull request contains:
- a set of five fixes for NVMe, mostly from Christoph and one from
Roland.
- a series from Bart, fixing issues with dm-mq and SCSI shared tags
and scheduling. Note that one of those patches commit messages may
read like an optimization, but it is in fact an important fix for
queue restarts in particular.
- a series from Omar, most importantly fixing a hang with multiple
hardware queues when we fail to get a driver tag. Another important
fix in there is for resizing hardware queues, which nbd does when
handling multiple sockets for one connection.
- fixing an imbalance in putting the ctx for hctx request allocations
from Minchan"
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block:
blk-mq: Restart a single queue if tag sets are shared
dm rq: Avoid that request processing stalls sporadically
scsi: Avoid that SCSI queues get stuck
blk-mq: Introduce blk_mq_delay_run_hw_queue()
blk-mq: remap queues when adding/removing hardware queues
blk-mq-sched: fix crash in switch error path
blk-mq-sched: set up scheduler tags when bringing up new queues
blk-mq-sched: refactor scheduler initialization
blk-mq: use the right hctx when getting a driver tag fails
nvmet: fix byte swap in nvmet_parse_io_cmd
nvmet: fix byte swap in nvmet_execute_write_zeroes
nvmet: add missing byte swap in nvmet_get_smart_log
nvme: add missing byte swap in nvme_setup_discard
nvme: Correct NVMF enum values to match NVMe-oF rev 1.0
block: do not put mq context in blk_mq_alloc_request_hctx
An issue was detected with pin control hos on the Freescale i.MX after
the refactorings for more general group and function handling. We now
have the proper fix for this.
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Merge tag 'pinctrl-v4.11-4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/linusw/linux-pinctrl
Pull pin control fix from Linus Walleij:
"This late fix for pin control is hopefully the last I send this cycle.
The problem was detected early in the v4.11 release cycle and there
has been some back and forth on how to solve it. Sadly the proper fix
arrives late, but at least not too late.
An issue was detected with pin control on the Freescale i.MX after the
refactorings for more general group and function handling.
We now have the proper fix for this"
* tag 'pinctrl-v4.11-4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/linusw/linux-pinctrl:
pinctrl: core: Fix pinctrl_register_and_init() with pinctrl_enable()
Headed to stable:
- disable HFSCR[TM] if TM is not supported, fixes a potential host kernel crash
triggered by a hostile guest, but only in configurations that no one uses
- don't try to fix up misaligned load-with-reservation instructions
- fix flush_(d|i)cache_range() called from modules on little endian kernels
- add missing global TLB invalidate if cxl is active
- fix missing preempt_disable() in crc32c-vpmsum
And a fix for selftests build changes that went in this release:
- selftests/powerpc: Fix standalone powerpc build
Thanks to:
Benjamin Herrenschmidt, Frederic Barrat, Oliver O'Halloran, Paul Mackerras.
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Merge tag 'powerpc-4.11-7' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux
Pull powerpc fixes from Michael Ellerman:
"Some more powerpc fixes for 4.11:
Headed to stable:
- disable HFSCR[TM] if TM is not supported, fixes a potential host
kernel crash triggered by a hostile guest, but only in
configurations that no one uses
- don't try to fix up misaligned load-with-reservation instructions
- fix flush_(d|i)cache_range() called from modules on little endian
kernels
- add missing global TLB invalidate if cxl is active
- fix missing preempt_disable() in crc32c-vpmsum
And a fix for selftests build changes that went in this release:
- selftests/powerpc: Fix standalone powerpc build
Thanks to: Benjamin Herrenschmidt, Frederic Barrat, Oliver O'Halloran,
Paul Mackerras"
* tag 'powerpc-4.11-7' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux:
powerpc/crypto/crc32c-vpmsum: Fix missing preempt_disable()
powerpc/mm: Add missing global TLB invalidate if cxl is active
powerpc/64: Fix flush_(d|i)cache_range() called from modules
powerpc: Don't try to fix up misaligned load-with-reservation instructions
powerpc: Disable HFSCR[TM] if TM is not supported
selftests/powerpc: Fix standalone powerpc build
In the case that compat_get_bitmap fails we do not want to copy the
bitmap to the user as it will contain uninitialized stack data and leak
sensitive data.
Signed-off-by: Chris Salls <salls@cs.ucsb.edu>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, inputting the following command will succeed but actually the
value will be truncated:
# echo 0x12ffffffff > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_notsent_lowat
This is not friendly to the user, so instead, we should report error
when the value is larger than UINT_MAX.
Fixes: e7d316a02f ("sysctl: handle error writing UINT_MAX to u32 fields")
Signed-off-by: Liping Zhang <zlpnobody@gmail.com>
Cc: Subash Abhinov Kasiviswanathan <subashab@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Separate out kernfs from driver core and add myself as a
co-maintainer.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
ops->show() can return a negative error code.
Commit 65da3484d9 ("sysfs: correctly handle short reads on PREALLOC attrs.")
(in v4.4) caused this to be stored in an unsigned 'size_t' variable, so errors
would look like large numbers.
As a result, if an error is returned, sysfs_kf_read() will return the
value of 'count', typically 4096.
Commit 17d0774f80 ("sysfs: correctly handle read offset on PREALLOC attrs")
(in v4.8) extended this error to use the unsigned large 'len' as a size for
memmove().
Consequently, if ->show returns an error, then the first read() on the
sysfs file will return 4096 and could return uninitialized memory to
user-space.
If the application performs a subsequent read, this will trigger a memmove()
with extremely large count, and is likely to crash the machine is bizarre ways.
This bug can currently only be triggered by reading from an md
sysfs attribute declared with __ATTR_PREALLOC() during the
brief period between when mddev_put() deletes an mddev from
the ->all_mddevs list, and when mddev_delayed_delete() - which is
scheduled on a workqueue - completes.
Before this, an error won't be returned by the ->show()
After this, the ->show() won't be called.
I can reproduce it reliably only by putting delay like
usleep_range(500000,700000);
early in mddev_delayed_delete(). Then after creating an
md device md0 run
echo clear > /sys/block/md0/md/array_state; cat /sys/block/md0/md/array_state
The bug can be triggered without the usleep.
Fixes: 65da3484d9 ("sysfs: correctly handle short reads on PREALLOC attrs.")
Fixes: 17d0774f80 ("sysfs: correctly handle read offset on PREALLOC attrs")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-and-tested-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
A patch documenting how to specify which kernels a particular fix should
be backported to (seemingly) inadvertently added a minus sign after the
kernel version. This particular stable-tag format had never been used
prior to this patch, and was neither present when the patch in question
was first submitted (it was added in v2 without any comment).
Drop the minus sign to avoid any confusion.
Fixes: fdc81b7910 ("stable_kernel_rules: Add clause about specification of kernel versions to patch.")
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
vfs_llseek will check whether the file mode has
FMODE_LSEEK, no return failure. But ashmem can be
lseek, so add FMODE_LSEEK to ashmem file.
Comment From Greg Hackmann:
ashmem_llseek() passes the llseek() call through to the backing
shmem file. 91360b02ab ("ashmem: use vfs_llseek()") changed
this from directly calling the file's llseek() op into a VFS
layer call. This also adds a check for the FMODE_LSEEK bit, so
without that bit ashmem_llseek() now always fails with -ESPIPE.
Fixes: 91360b02ab ("ashmem: use vfs_llseek()")
Signed-off-by: Shuxiao Zhang <zhangshuxiao@xiaomi.com>
Tested-by: Greg Hackmann <ghackmann@google.com>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 3.18+
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Pull sparc fixes from David Miller:
"Several fixes here, mostly having to due with either build errors or
memory corruptions depending upon whether you have THP enabled or not"
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/sparc:
sparc: remove unused wp_works_ok macro
sparc32: Export vac_cache_size to fix build error
sparc64: Fix memory corruption when THP is enabled
sparc64: Fix kernel panic due to erroneous #ifdef surrounding pmd_write()
arch/sparc: Avoid DCTI Couples
sparc64: kern_addr_valid regression
sparc64: Add support for 2G hugepages
sparc64: Fix size check in huge_pte_alloc
ARM:
- Fix a problem with GICv3 userspace save/restore
- Clarify GICv2 userspace save/restore ABI
- Be more careful in clearing GIC LRs
- Add missing synchronization primitive to our MMU handling code
PPC:
- Check for a NULL return from kzalloc
s390:
- Prevent translation exception errors on valid page tables for the
instruction-exection-protection support
x86:
- Fix Page-Modification Logging when running a nested guest
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Merge tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm
Pull KVM fixes from Radim Krčmář:
"ARM:
- Fix a problem with GICv3 userspace save/restore
- Clarify GICv2 userspace save/restore ABI
- Be more careful in clearing GIC LRs
- Add missing synchronization primitive to our MMU handling code
PPC:
- Check for a NULL return from kzalloc
s390:
- Prevent translation exception errors on valid page tables for the
instruction-exection-protection support
x86:
- Fix Page-Modification Logging when running a nested guest"
* tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm:
KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Check for kmalloc errors in ioctl
KVM: nVMX: initialize PML fields in vmcs02
KVM: nVMX: do not leak PML full vmexit to L1
KVM: arm/arm64: vgic: Fix GICC_PMR uaccess on GICv3 and clarify ABI
KVM: arm64: Ensure LRs are clear when they should be
kvm: arm/arm64: Fix locking for kvm_free_stage2_pgd
KVM: s390: remove change-recording override support
arm/arm64: KVM: Take mmap_sem in kvm_arch_prepare_memory_region
arm/arm64: KVM: Take mmap_sem in stage2_unmap_vm
Pull audit cleanup from Paul Moore:
"A week later than I had hoped, but as promised, here is the audit
uninline-fix we talked about during the last audit pull request.
The patch is slightly different than what we originally discussed as
it made more sense to keep the audit_signal_info() function in
auditsc.c rather than move it and bunch of other related
variables/definitions into audit.c/audit.h.
At some point in the future I need to look at how the audit code is
organized across kernel/audit*, I suspect we could do things a bit
better, but it doesn't seem like a -rc release is a good place for
that ;)
Regardless, this patch passes our tests without problem and looks good
for v4.11"
* 'stable-4.11' of git://git.infradead.org/users/pcmoore/audit:
audit: move audit_signal_info() into kernel/auditsc.c
Merge misc fixes from Andrew Morton:
"10 fixes"
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>:
mm: move pcp and lru-pcp draining into single wq
mailmap: update Yakir Yang email address
mm, swap_cgroup: reschedule when neeed in swap_cgroup_swapoff()
dax: fix radix tree insertion race
mm, thp: fix setting of defer+madvise thp defrag mode
ptrace: fix PTRACE_LISTEN race corrupting task->state
vmlinux.lds: add missing VMLINUX_SYMBOL macros
mm/page_alloc.c: fix print order in show_free_areas()
userfaultfd: report actual registered features in fdinfo
mm: fix page_vma_mapped_walk() for ksm pages
We currently have 2 specific WQ_RECLAIM workqueues in the mm code.
vmstat_wq for updating pcp stats and lru_add_drain_wq dedicated to drain
per cpu lru caches. This seems more than necessary because both can run
on a single WQ. Both do not block on locks requiring a memory
allocation nor perform any allocations themselves. We will save one
rescuer thread this way.
On the other hand drain_all_pages() queues work on the system wq which
doesn't have rescuer and so this depend on memory allocation (when all
workers are stuck allocating and new ones cannot be created).
Initially we thought this would be more of a theoretical problem but
Hugh Dickins has reported:
: 4.11-rc has been giving me hangs after hours of swapping load. At
: first they looked like memory leaks ("fork: Cannot allocate memory");
: but for no good reason I happened to do "cat /proc/sys/vm/stat_refresh"
: before looking at /proc/meminfo one time, and the stat_refresh stuck
: in D state, waiting for completion of flush_work like many kworkers.
: kthreadd waiting for completion of flush_work in drain_all_pages().
This worker should be using WQ_RECLAIM as well in order to guarantee a
forward progress. We can reuse the same one as for lru draining and
vmstat.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170307131751.24936-1-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Suggested-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Tested-by: Yang Li <pku.leo@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We got need_resched() warnings in swap_cgroup_swapoff() because
swap_cgroup_ctrl[type].length is particularly large.
Reschedule when needed.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.10.1704061315270.80559@chino.kir.corp.google.com
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
While running generic/340 in my test setup I hit the following race. It
can happen with kernels that support FS DAX PMDs, so v4.10 thru
v4.11-rc5.
Thread 1 Thread 2
-------- --------
dax_iomap_pmd_fault()
grab_mapping_entry()
spin_lock_irq()
get_unlocked_mapping_entry()
'entry' is NULL, can't call lock_slot()
spin_unlock_irq()
radix_tree_preload()
dax_iomap_pmd_fault()
grab_mapping_entry()
spin_lock_irq()
get_unlocked_mapping_entry()
...
lock_slot()
spin_unlock_irq()
dax_pmd_insert_mapping()
<inserts a PMD mapping>
spin_lock_irq()
__radix_tree_insert() fails with -EEXIST
<fall back to 4k fault, and die horribly
when inserting a 4k entry where a PMD exists>
The issue is that we have to drop mapping->tree_lock while calling
radix_tree_preload(), but since we didn't have a radix tree entry to
lock (unlike in the pmd_downgrade case) we have no protection against
Thread 2 coming along and inserting a PMD at the same index. For 4k
entries we handled this with a special-case response to -EEXIST coming
from the __radix_tree_insert(), but this doesn't save us for PMDs
because the -EEXIST case can also mean that we collided with a 4k entry
in the radix tree at a different index, but one that is covered by our
PMD range.
So, correctly handle both the 4k and 2M collision cases by explicitly
re-checking the radix tree for an entry at our index once we reacquire
mapping->tree_lock.
This patch has made it through a clean xfstests run with the current
v4.11-rc5 based linux/master, and it also ran generic/340 500 times in a
loop. It used to fail within the first 10 iterations.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170406212944.2866-1-ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "Darrick J. Wong" <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [4.10+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Setting thp defrag mode of "defer+madvise" actually sets "defer" in the
kernel due to the name similarity and the out-of-order way the string is
checked in defrag_store().
Check the string in the correct order so that
TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_KSWAPD_OR_MADV_FLAG is set appropriately for
"defer+madvise".
Fixes: 21440d7eb9 ("mm, thp: add new defer+madvise defrag option")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.10.1704051814420.137626@chino.kir.corp.google.com
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In PT_SEIZED + LISTEN mode STOP/CONT signals cause a wakeup against
__TASK_TRACED. If this races with the ptrace_unfreeze_traced at the end
of a PTRACE_LISTEN, this can wake the task /after/ the check against
__TASK_TRACED, but before the reset of state to TASK_TRACED. This
causes it to instead clobber TASK_WAKING, allowing a subsequent wakeup
against TRACED while the task is still on the rq wake_list, corrupting
it.
Oleg said:
"The kernel can crash or this can lead to other hard-to-debug problems.
In short, "task->state = TASK_TRACED" in ptrace_unfreeze_traced()
assumes that nobody else can wake it up, but PTRACE_LISTEN breaks the
contract. Obviusly it is very wrong to manipulate task->state if this
task is already running, or WAKING, or it sleeps again"
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Fixes: 9899d11f ("ptrace: ensure arch_ptrace/ptrace_request can never race with SIGKILL")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/xm26y3vfhmkp.fsf_-_@bsegall-linux.mtv.corp.google.com
Signed-off-by: Ben Segall <bsegall@google.com>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When __{start,end}_ro_after_init is referenced from C code, we run into
the following build errors on blackfin:
kernel/extable.c:169: undefined reference to `__start_ro_after_init'
kernel/extable.c:169: undefined reference to `__end_ro_after_init'
The build error is due to the fact that blackfin is one of the few
arches that prepends an underscore '_' to all symbols defined in C.
Fix this by wrapping __{start,end}_ro_after_init in vmlinux.lds.h with
VMLINUX_SYMBOL(), which adds the necessary prefix for arches that have
HAVE_UNDERSCORE_SYMBOL_PREFIX.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1491259387-15869-1-git-send-email-jeyu@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jessica Yu <jeyu@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Eddie Kovsky <ewk@edkovsky.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
fdinfo for userfault file descriptor reports UFFD_API_FEATURES. Up
until recently, the UFFD_API_FEATURES was defined as 0, therefore
corresponding field in fdinfo always contained zero. Now, with
introduction of several additional features, UFFD_API_FEATURES is not
longer 0 and it seems better to report actual features requested for the
userfaultfd object described by the fdinfo.
First, the applications that were using userfault will still see zero at
the features field in fdinfo. Next, reporting actual features rather
than available features, gives clear indication of what userfault
features are used by an application.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1491140181-22121-1-git-send-email-rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Doug Smythies reports oops with KSM in this backtrace, I've been seeing
the same:
page_vma_mapped_walk+0xe6/0x5b0
page_referenced_one+0x91/0x1a0
rmap_walk_ksm+0x100/0x190
rmap_walk+0x4f/0x60
page_referenced+0x149/0x170
shrink_active_list+0x1c2/0x430
shrink_node_memcg+0x67a/0x7a0
shrink_node+0xe1/0x320
kswapd+0x34b/0x720
Just as observed in commit 4b0ece6fa0 ("mm: migrate: fix
remove_migration_pte() for ksm pages"), you cannot use page->index
calculations on ksm pages.
page_vma_mapped_walk() is relying on __vma_address(), where a ksm page
can lead it off the end of the page table, and into whatever nonsense is
in the next page, ending as an oops inside check_pte()'s pte_page().
KSM tells page_vma_mapped_walk() exactly where to look for the page, it
does not need any page->index calculation: and that's so also for all
the normal and file and anon pages - just not for THPs and their
subpages. Get out early in most cases: instead of a PageKsm test, move
down the earlier not-THP-page test, as suggested by Kirill.
I'm also slightly worried that this loop can stray into other vmas, so
added a vm_end test to prevent surprises; though I have not imagined
anything worse than a very contrived case, in which a page mlocked in
the next vma might be reclaimed because it is not mlocked in this vma.
Fixes: ace71a19ce ("mm: introduce page_vma_mapped_walk()")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.LSU.2.11.1704031104400.1118@eggly.anvils
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Reported-by: Doug Smythies <dsmythies@telus.net>
Tested-by: Doug Smythies <dsmythies@telus.net>
Reviewed-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
