akpm draws my attention to the fact that sysctl(VM_PAGE_CLUSTER) might
conceivably change page_cluster to 0 while valid_swaphandles() is in the
middle of using it, leading to an embarrassingly long loop: take a local
snapshot of page_cluster and work with that.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
ratelimit_pages in page-writeback.c is recalculated (in set_ratelimit())
every time a CPU is hot-added/removed. But this value is not recalculated
when new pages are hot-added.
This patch fixes that problem by calling set_ratelimit() when new pages
are hot-added.
[akpm@osdl.org: cleanups]
Signed-off-by: Chandra Seetharaman <sekharan@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
page-writeback.c has a static local variable "total_pages", which is the
total number of pages in the system.
There is a global variable "vm_total_pages", which is the total number of
pages the VM controls.
Both are assigned from the return value of nr_free_pagecache_pages().
This patch removes the local variable and uses the global variable in that
place.
One more issue with the local static variable "total_pages" is that it is
not updated when new pages are hot-added. Since vm_total_pages is updated
when new pages are hot-added, this patch fixes that problem too.
Signed-off-by: Chandra Seetharaman <sekharan@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Change the list of memory nodes allowed to tasks in the top (root) nodeset
to dynamically track what cpus are online, using a call to a cpuset hook
from the memory hotplug code. Make this top cpus file read-only.
On systems that have cpusets configured in their kernel, but that aren't
actively using cpusets (for some distros, this covers the majority of
systems) all tasks end up in the top cpuset.
If that system does support memory hotplug, then these tasks cannot make
use of memory nodes that are added after system boot, because the memory
nodes are not allowed in the top cpuset. This is a surprising regression
over earlier kernels that didn't have cpusets enabled.
One key motivation for this change is to remain consistent with the
behaviour for the top_cpuset's 'cpus', which is also read-only, and which
automatically tracks the cpu_online_map.
This change also has the minor benefit that it fixes a long standing,
little noticed, minor bug in cpusets. The cpuset performance tweak to
short circuit the cpuset_zone_allowed() check on systems with just a single
cpuset (see 'number_of_cpusets', in linux/cpuset.h) meant that simply
changing the 'mems' of the top_cpuset had no affect, even though the change
(the write system call) appeared to succeed. With the following change,
that write to the 'mems' file fails -EACCES, and the 'mems' file stubbornly
refuses to be changed via user space writes. Thus no one should be mislead
into thinking they've changed the top_cpusets's 'mems' when in affect they
haven't.
In order to keep the behaviour of cpusets consistent between systems
actively making use of them and systems not using them, this patch changes
the behaviour of the 'mems' file in the top (root) cpuset, making it read
only, and making it automatically track the value of node_online_map. Thus
tasks in the top cpuset will have automatic use of hot plugged memory nodes
allowed by their cpuset.
[akpm@osdl.org: build fix]
[bunk@stusta.de: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
A previous patch to allow an exiting task to OOM kill itself (and thereby
avoid a little deadlock) introduced a problem. We don't want the
PF_EXITING task, even if it is 'current', to access mem reserves if there
is already a TIF_MEMDIE process in the system sucking up reserves.
Also make the commenting a little bit clearer, and note that our current
scheme of effectively single threading the OOM killer is not itself
perfect.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
- It is not possible to have task->mm == &init_mm.
- task_lock() buys nothing for 'if (!p->mm)' check.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
No logic changes, but imho easier to read.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Acked-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The only one usage of TASK_DEAD outside of last schedule path,
select_bad_process:
for_each_task(p) {
if (!p->mm)
continue;
...
if (p->state == TASK_DEAD)
continue;
...
TASK_DEAD state is set at the end of do_exit(), this means that p->mm
was already set == NULL by exit_mm(), so this task was already rejected
by 'if (!p->mm)' above.
Note also that the caller holds tasklist_lock, this means that p can't
pass exit_notify() and then set TASK_DEAD when p->mm != NULL.
Also, remove open-coded is_init().
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
I am not sure about this patch, I am asking Ingo to take a decision.
task_struct->state == EXIT_DEAD is a very special case, to avoid a confusion
it makes sense to introduce a new state, TASK_DEAD, while EXIT_DEAD should
live only in ->exit_state as documented in sched.h.
Note that this state is not visible to user-space, get_task_state() masks off
unsuitable states.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This is an updated version of Eric Biederman's is_init() patch.
(http://lkml.org/lkml/2006/2/6/280). It applies cleanly to 2.6.18-rc3 and
replaces a few more instances of ->pid == 1 with is_init().
Further, is_init() checks pid and thus removes dependency on Eric's other
patches for now.
Eric's original description:
There are a lot of places in the kernel where we test for init
because we give it special properties. Most significantly init
must not die. This results in code all over the kernel test
->pid == 1.
Introduce is_init to capture this case.
With multiple pid spaces for all of the cases affected we are
looking for only the first process on the system, not some other
process that has pid == 1.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: <lxc-devel@lists.sourceforge.net>
Acked-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
In cases where we detect a single bit has been flipped, we spew the usual
slab corruption message, which users instantly think is a kernel bug. In a
lot of cases, single bit errors are down to bad memory, or other hardware
failure.
This patch adds an extra line to the slab debug messages in those cases, in
the hope that users will try memtest before they report a bug.
000: 6b 6b 6b 6b 6a 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b
Single bit error detected. Possibly bad RAM. Run memtest86.
[akpm@osdl.org: cleanups]
Signed-off-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Failing context is a multi threaded process context and the failing
sequence is as follows.
One thread T0 doing self modifying code on page X on processor P0 and
another thread T1 doing COW (breaking the COW setup as part of just
happened fork() in another thread T2) on the same page X on processor P1.
T0 doing SMC can endup modifying the new page Y (allocated by the T1 doing
COW on P1) but because of different I/D TLB's, P0 ITLB will not see the new
mapping till the flush TLB IPI from P1 is received. During this interval,
if T0 executes the code created by SMC it can result in an app error (as
ITLB still points to old page X and endup executing the content in page X
rather than using the content in page Y).
Fix this issue by first clearing the PTE and flushing it, before updating
it with new entry.
Hugh sayeth:
I was a bit sceptical, in the habit of thinking that Self Modifying Code
must look such issues itself: but I guess there's nothing it can do to avoid
this one.
Fair enough, what you're changing it to is pretty much what powerpc and
s390 were already doing, and is a more robust way of proceeding, consistent
with how ptes are set everywhere else.
The ptep_clear_flush is a bit heavy-handed (it's anxious to return the pte
that was atomically cleared), but we'd have to wander through lots of arches
to get the right minimal behaviour. It'd also be nice to eliminate
ptep_establish completely, now only used to define other macros/inlines: it
always seemed obfuscation to me, what you've got there now is clearer.
Let's put those cleanups on a TODO list.
Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Acked-by: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This eliminates the i_blksize field from struct inode. Filesystems that want
to provide a per-inode st_blksize can do so by providing their own getattr
routine instead of using the generic_fillattr() function.
Note that some filesystems were providing pretty much random (and incorrect)
values for i_blksize.
[bunk@stusta.de: cleanup]
[akpm@osdl.org: generic_fillattr() fix]
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Make futexes work under NOMMU conditions.
This can be tested by running this in one shell:
#define SYSERROR(X, Y) \
do { if ((long)(X) == -1L) { perror(Y); exit(1); }} while(0)
int main()
{
int shmid, tmp, *f, n;
shmid = shmget(23, 4, IPC_CREAT|0666);
SYSERROR(shmid, "shmget");
f = shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
SYSERROR(f, "shmat");
n = *f;
printf("WAIT: %p{%x}\n", f, n);
tmp = futex(f, FUTEX_WAIT, n, NULL, NULL, 0);
SYSERROR(tmp, "futex");
printf("WAITED: %d\n", tmp);
tmp = shmdt(f);
SYSERROR(tmp, "shmdt");
exit(0);
}
And then this in the other shell:
#define SYSERROR(X, Y) \
do { if ((long)(X) == -1L) { perror(Y); exit(1); }} while(0)
int main()
{
int shmid, tmp, *f;
shmid = shmget(23, 4, IPC_CREAT|0666);
SYSERROR(shmid, "shmget");
f = shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
SYSERROR(f, "shmat");
(*f)++;
printf("WAKE: %p{%x}\n", f, *f);
tmp = futex(f, FUTEX_WAKE, 1, NULL, NULL, 0);
SYSERROR(tmp, "futex");
printf("WOKE: %d\n", tmp);
tmp = shmdt(f);
SYSERROR(tmp, "shmdt");
exit(0);
}
The first program will set up a SYSV IPC SHM segment and wait on a futex in it
for the number at the start to change. The program will increment that number
and wake the first program up. This leads to output of the form:
SHELL 1 SHELL 2
======================= =======================
# /dowait
WAIT: 0xc32ac000{0}
# /dowake
WAKE: 0xc32ac000{1}
WAITED: 0 WOKE: 1
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Make mremap() partially work for NOMMU kernels. It may resize a VMA provided
that it doesn't exceed the size of the slab object in which the storage is
allocated that the VMA refers to. Shareable VMAs may not be resized.
Moving VMAs (as permitted by MREMAP_MAYMOVE) is not currently supported.
This patch also makes use of the fact that the VMA list is now ordered to cut
it short when possible.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Order the per-mm_struct VMA list by address so that searching it can be cut
short when the appropriate address has been exceeded.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Permit ptrace to modify a section that's non-shared but is marked
unwritable, such as is obtained by mapping the text segment of an ELF-FDPIC
executable binary with into a binary that's being ptraced[*].
[*] Under NOMMU conditions ptrace causes read-only MAP_PRIVATE mmaps to become
totally private copies because if a private mapping was actually shared
then the debugging setting breakpoints in it would potentially crash
other processes.
This is done by using the VM_MAYWRITE flag rather than the VM_WRITE flag
when deciding whether to permit a write.
Without this patch a debugger can't set breakpoints in the mapped text
sections of executables that are mapped read-only private, even if the
mmap() syscall has taken a private copy because PT_PTRACED is set.
In addition, VM_MAYREAD is used instead of VM_READ for similar reasons.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Check the VMA protections in get_user_pages() against what's being asked.
This checks to see that we don't accidentally write on a non-writable VMA or
permit an I/O mapping VMA to be accessed (which may lack page structs).
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
In NOMMU arch, if run "cat /proc/self/mem", data from physical address 0
are read. This behavior is different from MMU arch. In IA32, message
"cat: /proc/self/mem: Input/output error" is reported.
This issue is rootcaused by not validate the start address in NOMMU
function get_user_pages(). Following patch solves this issue.
Signed-off-by: Sonic Zhang <sonic.adi@gmail.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Use find_vma() in the NOMMU version of access_process_vm() rather than
reimplementing it.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Check that access_process_vm() is accessing a valid mapping in the target
process.
This limits ptrace() accesses and accesses through /proc/<pid>/maps to only
those regions actually mapped by a program.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The function is exported but not used from anywhere else. It's also marked as
"not for driver use" so noone out there should really care.
Signed-off-by: Rolf Eike Beer <eike-kernel@sf-tec.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The empty line between the short description and the first argument
description causes a section to appear twice in the generated manpage.
Also the short description should really be short: the script can't handle
multiple lines.
Signed-off-by: Rolf Eike Beer <eike-kernel@sf-tec.de>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Use NULL instead of 0 for pointer value, eliminate sparse warnings.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Implement do_no_pfn() for handling mapping of memory without a struct page
backing it. This avoids creating fake page table entries for regions which
are not backed by real memory.
This feature is used by the MSPEC driver and other users, where it is
highly undesirable to have a struct page sitting behind the page (for
instance if the page is accessed in cached mode via the struct page in
parallel to the the driver accessing it uncached, which can result in data
corruption on some architectures, such as ia64).
This version uses specific NOPFN_{SIGBUS,OOM} return values, rather than
expect all negative pfn values would be an error. It also bugs on cow
mappings as this would not work with the VM.
[akpm@osdl.org: micro-optimise]
Signed-off-by: Jes Sorensen <jes@sgi.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Now that we have the node in the hot zone of struct zone we can avoid
accessing zone_pgdat in zone_statistics.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
We do not need to allocate pagesets for unpopulated zones.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Add the node in order to optimize zone_to_nid.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Acked-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch insures that the slab node lists in the NUMA case only contain
slabs that belong to that specific node. All slab allocations use
GFP_THISNODE when calling into the page allocator. If an allocation fails
then we fall back in the slab allocator according to the zonelists appropriate
for a certain context.
This allows a replication of the behavior of alloc_pages and alloc_pages node
in the slab layer.
Currently allocations requested from the page allocator may be redirected via
cpusets to other nodes. This results in remote pages on nodelists and that in
turn results in interrupt latency issues during cache draining. Plus the slab
is handing out memory as local when it is really remote.
Fallback for slab memory allocations will occur within the slab allocator and
not in the page allocator. This is necessary in order to be able to use the
existing pools of objects on the nodes that we fall back to before adding more
pages to a slab.
The fallback function insures that the nodes we fall back to obey cpuset
restrictions of the current context. We do not allocate objects from outside
of the current cpuset context like before.
Note that the implementation of locality constraints within the slab allocator
requires importing logic from the page allocator. This is a mischmash that is
not that great. Other allocators (uncached allocator, vmalloc, huge pages)
face similar problems and have similar minimal reimplementations of the basic
fallback logic of the page allocator. There is another way of implementing a
slab by avoiding per node lists (see modular slab) but this wont work within
the existing slab.
V1->V2:
- Use NUMA_BUILD to avoid #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
- Exploit GFP_THISNODE being 0 in the NON_NUMA case to avoid another
#ifdef
[akpm@osdl.org: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The NUMA_BUILD constant is always available and will be set to 1 on
NUMA_BUILDs. That way checks valid only under CONFIG_NUMA can easily be done
without #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
F.e.
if (NUMA_BUILD && <numa_condition>) {
...
}
[akpm: not a thing we'd normally do, but CONFIG_NUMA is special: it is
causing ifdef explosion in core kernel, so let's see if this is a comfortable
way in whcih to control that]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
On larger systems, the amount of output dumped on the console when you do
SysRq-M is beyond insane. This patch is trying to reduce it somewhat as
even with the smaller NUMA systems that have hit the desktop this seems to
be a fair thing to do.
The philosophy I have taken is as follows:
1) If a zone is empty, don't tell, we don't need yet another line
telling us so. The information is available since one can look up
the fact how many zones were initialized in the first place.
2) Put as much information on a line is possible, if it can be done
in one line, rahter than two, then do it in one. I tried to format
the temperature stuff for easy reading.
Change show_free_areas() to not print lines for empty zones. If no zone
output is printed, the zone is empty. This reduces the number of lines
dumped to the console in sysrq on a large system by several thousand lines.
Change the zone temperature printouts to use one line per CPU instead of
two lines (one hot, one cold). On a 1024 CPU, 1024 node system, this
reduces the console output by over a million lines of output.
While this is a bigger problem on large NUMA systems, it is also applicable
to smaller desktop sized and mid range NUMA systems.
Old format:
Mem-info:
Node 0 DMA per-cpu:
cpu 0 hot: high 42, batch 7 used:24
cpu 0 cold: high 14, batch 3 used:1
cpu 1 hot: high 42, batch 7 used:34
cpu 1 cold: high 14, batch 3 used:0
cpu 2 hot: high 42, batch 7 used:0
cpu 2 cold: high 14, batch 3 used:0
cpu 3 hot: high 42, batch 7 used:0
cpu 3 cold: high 14, batch 3 used:0
cpu 4 hot: high 42, batch 7 used:0
cpu 4 cold: high 14, batch 3 used:0
cpu 5 hot: high 42, batch 7 used:0
cpu 5 cold: high 14, batch 3 used:0
cpu 6 hot: high 42, batch 7 used:0
cpu 6 cold: high 14, batch 3 used:0
cpu 7 hot: high 42, batch 7 used:0
cpu 7 cold: high 14, batch 3 used:0
Node 0 DMA32 per-cpu: empty
Node 0 Normal per-cpu: empty
Node 0 HighMem per-cpu: empty
Node 1 DMA per-cpu:
[snip]
Free pages: 5410688kB (0kB HighMem)
Active:9536 inactive:4261 dirty:6 writeback:0 unstable:0 free:338168 slab:1931 mapped:1900 pagetables:208
Node 0 DMA free:1676304kB min:3264kB low:4080kB high:4896kB active:128048kB inactive:61568kB present:1970880kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no
lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0
Node 0 DMA32 free:0kB min:0kB low:0kB high:0kB active:0kB inactive:0kB present:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no
lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0
Node 0 Normal free:0kB min:0kB low:0kB high:0kB active:0kB inactive:0kB present:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no
lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0
Node 0 HighMem free:0kB min:512kB low:512kB high:512kB active:0kB inactive:0kB present:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no
lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0
Node 1 DMA free:1951728kB min:3280kB low:4096kB high:4912kB active:5632kB inactive:1504kB present:1982464kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no
lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0
....
New format:
Mem-info:
Node 0 DMA per-cpu:
CPU 0: Hot: hi: 42, btch: 7 usd: 41 Cold: hi: 14, btch: 3 usd: 2
CPU 1: Hot: hi: 42, btch: 7 usd: 40 Cold: hi: 14, btch: 3 usd: 1
CPU 2: Hot: hi: 42, btch: 7 usd: 0 Cold: hi: 14, btch: 3 usd: 0
CPU 3: Hot: hi: 42, btch: 7 usd: 0 Cold: hi: 14, btch: 3 usd: 0
CPU 4: Hot: hi: 42, btch: 7 usd: 0 Cold: hi: 14, btch: 3 usd: 0
CPU 5: Hot: hi: 42, btch: 7 usd: 0 Cold: hi: 14, btch: 3 usd: 0
CPU 6: Hot: hi: 42, btch: 7 usd: 0 Cold: hi: 14, btch: 3 usd: 0
CPU 7: Hot: hi: 42, btch: 7 usd: 0 Cold: hi: 14, btch: 3 usd: 0
Node 1 DMA per-cpu:
[snip]
Free pages: 5411088kB (0kB HighMem)
Active:9558 inactive:4233 dirty:6 writeback:0 unstable:0 free:338193 slab:1942 mapped:1918 pagetables:208
Node 0 DMA free:1677648kB min:3264kB low:4080kB high:4896kB active:129296kB inactive:58864kB present:1970880kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no
lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0
Node 1 DMA free:1948448kB min:3280kB low:4096kB high:4912kB active:6864kB inactive:3536kB present:1982464kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no
lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0
Signed-off-by: Jes Sorensen <jes@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
kmalloc_node() falls back to ___cache_alloc() under certain conditions and
at that point memory policies may be applied redirecting the allocation
away from the current node. Therefore kmalloc_node(...,numa_node_id()) or
kmalloc_node(...,-1) may not return memory from the local node.
Fix this by doing the policy check in __cache_alloc() instead of
____cache_alloc().
This version here is a cleanup of Kiran's patch.
- Tested on ia64.
- Extra material removed.
- Consolidate the exit path if alternate_node_alloc() returned an object.
[akpm@osdl.org: warning fix]
Signed-off-by: Alok N Kataria <alok.kataria@calsoftinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Ravikiran Thirumalai <kiran@scalex86.org>
Signed-off-by: Shai Fultheim <shai@scalex86.org>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Clean up the invalidate code, and use a common function to safely remove
the page from pagecache.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The VM is supposed to minimise the number of pages which get written off the
LRU (for IO scheduling efficiency, and for high reclaim-success rates). But
we don't actually have a clear way of showing how true this is.
So add `nr_vmscan_write' to /proc/vmstat and /proc/zoneinfo - the number of
pages which have been written by the vm scanner in this zone and globally.
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@engr.sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Arch-independent zone-sizing determines the size of a node
(pgdat->node_spanned_pages) based on the physical memory that was
registered by the architecture. However, when
CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_RESERVE is set, the architecture expects that the
spanned_pages will be much larger and that mem_map will be allocated that
is used lated on memory hot-add.
This patch allows an architecture that sets CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_RESERVE
to call push_node_boundaries() which will set the node beginning and end to
at *least* the requested boundary.
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: "Keith Mannthey" <kmannth@gmail.com>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
absent_pages_in_range() made the assumption that users of the API would not
care about holes beyound the end of physical memory. This was not the
case. This patch will account for ranges outside of physical memory as
holes correctly.
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: "Keith Mannthey" <kmannth@gmail.com>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The x86_64 code accounted for memmap and some portions of the the DMA zone as
holes. This was because those areas would never be reclaimed and accounting
for them as memory affects min watermarks. This patch will account for the
memmap as a memory hole. Architectures may optionally use set_dma_reserve()
if they wish to account for a portion of memory in ZONE_DMA as a hole.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: "Keith Mannthey" <kmannth@gmail.com>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
At a basic level, architectures define structures to record where active
ranges of page frames are located. Once located, the code to calculate zone
sizes and holes in each architecture is very similar. Some of this zone and
hole sizing code is difficult to read for no good reason. This set of patches
eliminates the similar-looking architecture-specific code.
The patches introduce a mechanism where architectures register where the
active ranges of page frames are with add_active_range(). When all areas have
been discovered, free_area_init_nodes() is called to initialise the pgdat and
zones. The zone sizes and holes are then calculated in an architecture
independent manner.
Patch 1 introduces the mechanism for registering and initialising PFN ranges
Patch 2 changes ppc to use the mechanism - 139 arch-specific LOC removed
Patch 3 changes x86 to use the mechanism - 136 arch-specific LOC removed
Patch 4 changes x86_64 to use the mechanism - 74 arch-specific LOC removed
Patch 5 changes ia64 to use the mechanism - 52 arch-specific LOC removed
Patch 6 accounts for mem_map as a memory hole as the pages are not reclaimable.
It adjusts the watermarks slightly
Tony Luck has successfully tested for ia64 on Itanium with tiger_defconfig,
gensparse_defconfig and defconfig. Bob Picco has also tested and debugged on
IA64. Jack Steiner successfully boot tested on a mammoth SGI IA64-based
machine. These were on patches against 2.6.17-rc1 and release 3 of these
patches but there have been no ia64-changes since release 3.
There are differences in the zone sizes for x86_64 as the arch-specific code
for x86_64 accounts the kernel image and the starting mem_maps as memory holes
but the architecture-independent code accounts the memory as present.
The big benefit of this set of patches is a sizable reduction of
architecture-specific code, some of which is very hairy. There should be a
greater reduction when other architectures use the same mechanisms for zone
and hole sizing but I lack the hardware to test on.
Additional credit;
Dave Hansen for the initial suggestion and comments on early patches
Andy Whitcroft for reviewing early versions and catching numerous
errors
Tony Luck for testing and debugging on IA64
Bob Picco for fixing bugs related to pfn registration, reviewing a
number of patch revisions, providing a number of suggestions
on future direction and testing heavily
Jack Steiner and Robin Holt for testing on IA64 and clarifying
issues related to memory holes
Yasunori for testing on IA64
Andi Kleen for reviewing and feeding back about x86_64
Christian Kujau for providing valuable information related to ACPI
problems on x86_64 and testing potential fixes
This patch:
Define the structure to represent an active range of page frames within a node
in an architecture independent manner. Architectures are expected to register
active ranges of PFNs using add_active_range(nid, start_pfn, end_pfn) and call
free_area_init_nodes() passing the PFNs of the end of each zone.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Bob Picco <bob.picco@hp.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: "Keith Mannthey" <kmannth@gmail.com>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
un-, de-, -free, -destroy, -exit, etc functions should in general return
void. Also,
There is very little, say, filesystem driver code can do upon failed
kmem_cache_destroy(). If it will be decided to BUG in this case, BUG
should be put in generic code, instead.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* Rougly half of callers already do it by not checking return value
* Code in drivers/acpi/osl.c does the following to be sure:
(void)kmem_cache_destroy(cache);
* Those who check it printk something, however, slab_error already printed
the name of failed cache.
* XFS BUGs on failed kmem_cache_destroy which is not the decision
low-level filesystem driver should make. Converted to ignore.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Clean up mm/page_alloc.c#mark_free_pages() and make it avoid clearing
PageNosaveFree for PageNosave pages. This allows us to get rid of an ugly
hack in kernel/power/snapshot.c#copy_data_pages().
Additionally, the page-copying loop in copy_data_pages() is moved to an
inline function.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Implement async reads for swsusp resuming.
Crufty old PIII testbox:
15.7 MB/s -> 20.3 MB/s
Sony Vaio:
14.6 MB/s -> 33.3 MB/s
I didn't implement the post-resume bio_set_pages_dirty(). I don't really
understand why resume needs to run set_page_dirty() against these pages.
It might be a worry that this code modifies PG_Uptodate, PG_Error and
PG_Locked against the image pages. Can this possibly affect the resumed-into
kernel? Hopefully not, if we're atomically restoring its mem_map?
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de>
Cc: Laurent Riffard <laurent.riffard@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Switch the swsusp writeout code from 4k-at-a-time to 4MB-at-a-time.
Crufty old PIII testbox:
12.9 MB/s -> 20.9 MB/s
Sony Vaio:
14.7 MB/s -> 26.5 MB/s
The implementation is crude. A better one would use larger BIOs, but wouldn't
gain any performance.
The memcpys will be mostly pipelined with the IO and basically come for free.
The ENOMEM path has not been tested. It should be.
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
There are many places where we need to determine the node of a zone.
Currently we use a difficult to read sequence of pointer dereferencing.
Put that into an inline function and use throughout VM. Maybe we can find
a way to optimize the lookup in the future.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
I found two location in hugetlb.c where we chase pointer instead of using
page_to_nid(). Page_to_nid is more effective and can get the node directly
from page flags.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Update the comments for __oom_kill_task() to reflect the code changes.
Signed-off-by: Ram Gupta <r.gupta@astronautics.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Minor performance fix.
If we reclaimed enough slab pages from a zone then we can avoid going off
node with the current allocation. Take care of updating nr_reclaimed when
reclaiming from the slab.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Currently one can enable slab reclaim by setting an explicit option in
/proc/sys/vm/zone_reclaim_mode. Slab reclaim is then used as a final
option if the freeing of unmapped file backed pages is not enough to free
enough pages to allow a local allocation.
However, that means that the slab can grow excessively and that most memory
of a node may be used by slabs. We have had a case where a machine with
46GB of memory was using 40-42GB for slab. Zone reclaim was effective in
dealing with pagecache pages. However, slab reclaim was only done during
global reclaim (which is a bit rare on NUMA systems).
This patch implements slab reclaim during zone reclaim. Zone reclaim
occurs if there is a danger of an off node allocation. At that point we
1. Shrink the per node page cache if the number of pagecache
pages is more than min_unmapped_ratio percent of pages in a zone.
2. Shrink the slab cache if the number of the nodes reclaimable slab pages
(patch depends on earlier one that implements that counter)
are more than min_slab_ratio (a new /proc/sys/vm tunable).
The shrinking of the slab cache is a bit problematic since it is not node
specific. So we simply calculate what point in the slab we want to reach
(current per node slab use minus the number of pages that neeed to be
allocated) and then repeately run the global reclaim until that is
unsuccessful or we have reached the limit. I hope we will have zone based
slab reclaim at some point which will make that easier.
The default for the min_slab_ratio is 5%
Also remove the slab option from /proc/sys/vm/zone_reclaim_mode.
[akpm@osdl.org: cleanups]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Remove the atomic counter for slab_reclaim_pages and replace the counter
and NR_SLAB with two ZVC counter that account for unreclaimable and
reclaimable slab pages: NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE and NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE.
Change the check in vmscan.c to refer to to NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE. The
intend seems to be to check for slab pages that could be freed.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
*_pages is a better description of the role of the variable.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The allocpercpu functions __alloc_percpu and __free_percpu() are heavily
using the slab allocator. However, they are conceptually slab. This also
simplifies SLOB (at this point slob may be broken in mm. This should fix
it).
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
If a zone is unpopulated then we do not need to check for pages that are to
be drained and also not for vm counters that may need to be updated.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Free one_page currently adds the page to a fake list and calls
free_page_bulk. Fee_page_bulk takes it off again and then calles
__free_one_page.
Make free_one_page go directly to __free_one_page. Saves list on / off and
a temporary list in free_one_page for higher ordered pages.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
On High end systems (1024 or so cpus) this can potentially cause stack
overflow. Fix the stack usage.
Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
In many places we will need to use the same combination of flags. Specify
a single GFP_THISNODE definition for ease of use in gfp.h.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
There are frequent references to *z in get_page_from_freelist.
Add an explicit zone variable that can be used in all these places.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
If the user specified a node where we should move the page to then we
really do not want any other node.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Add a new gfp flag __GFP_THISNODE to avoid fallback to other nodes. This
flag is essential if a kernel component requires memory to be located on a
certain node. It will be needed for alloc_pages_node() to force allocation
on the indicated node and for alloc_pages() to force allocation on the
current node.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Place the alien array cache locks of on slab malloc slab caches on a
seperate lockdep class. This avoids false positives from lockdep
[akpm@osdl.org: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Ravikiran Thirumalai <kiran@scalex86.org>
Signed-off-by: Shai Fultheim <shai@scalex86.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@engr.sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
It is fairly easy to get a system to oops by simply sizing a cache via
/proc in such a way that one of the chaches (shared is easiest) becomes
bigger than the maximum allowed slab allocation size. This occurs because
enable_cpucache() fails if it cannot reallocate some caches.
However, enable_cpucache() is used for multiple purposes: resizing caches,
cache creation and bootstrap.
If the slab is already up then we already have working caches. The resize
can fail without a problem. We just need to return the proper error code.
F.e. after this patch:
# echo "size-64 10000 50 1000" >/proc/slabinfo
-bash: echo: write error: Cannot allocate memory
notice no OOPS.
If we are doing a kmem_cache_create() then we also should not panic but
return -ENOMEM.
If on the other hand we do not have a fully bootstrapped slab allocator yet
then we should indeed panic since we are unable to bring up the slab to its
full functionality.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The ability to free memory allocated to a slab cache is also useful if an
error occurs during setup of a slab. So extract the function.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Let's try to keep mm/ comments more useful and up to date. This is a start.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Also, checks if we get a valid slabp_cache for off slab slab-descriptors.
We should always get this. If we don't, then in that case we, will have to
disable off-slab descriptors for this cache and do the calculations again.
This is a rare case, so add a BUG_ON, for now, just in case.
Signed-off-by: Alok N Kataria <alok.kataria@calsoftinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Ravikiran Thirumalai <kiran@scalex86.org>
Signed-off-by: Shai Fultheim <shai@scalex86.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@engr.sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Introduce ARCH_LOW_ADDRESS_LIMIT which can be set per architecture to
override the 4GB default limit used by the bootmem allocater within
__alloc_bootmem_low() and __alloc_bootmem_low_node(). E.g. s390 needs a
2GB limit instead of 4GB.
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Print the name of the task invoking the OOM killer. Could make debugging
easier.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Skip kernel threads, rather than having them return 0 from badness.
Theoretically, badness might truncate all results to 0, thus a kernel thread
might be picked first, causing an infinite loop.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
PF_SWAPOFF processes currently cause select_bad_process to return straight
away. Instead, give them high priority, so we will kill them first, however
we also first ensure no parallel OOM kills are happening at the same time.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Having the oomkilladj == OOM_DISABLE check before the releasing check means
that oomkilladj == OOM_DISABLE tasks exiting will not stop the OOM killer.
Moving the test down will give the desired behaviour. Also: it will allow
them to "OOM-kill" themselves if they are exiting. As per the previous patch,
this is required to prevent OOM killer deadlocks (and they don't actually get
killed, because they're already exiting -- they're simply allowed access to
memory reserves).
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
If current *is* exiting, it should actually be allowed to access reserved
memory rather than OOM kill something else. Can't do this via a straight
check in page_alloc.c because that would allow multiple tasks to use up
reserves. Instead cause current to OOM-kill itself which will mark it as
TIF_MEMDIE.
The current procedure of simply aborting the OOM-kill if a task is exiting can
lead to OOM deadlocks.
In the case of killing a PF_EXITING task, don't make a lot of noise about it.
This becomes more important in future patches, where we can "kill" OOM_DISABLE
tasks.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
cpuset_excl_nodes_overlap does not always indicate that killing a task will
not free any memory we for us. For example, we may be asking for an
allocation from _anywhere_ in the machine, or the task in question may be
pinning memory that is outside its cpuset. Fix this by just causing
cpuset_excl_nodes_overlap to reduce the badness rather than disallow it.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Acked-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Potentially it takes several scans of the lru lists before we can even start
reclaiming pages.
mapped pages, with young ptes can take 2 passes on the active list + one on
the inactive list. But reclaim_mapped may not always kick in instantly, so it
could take even more than that.
Raise the threshold for marking a zone as all_unreclaimable from a factor of 4
time the pages in the zone to 6. Introduce a mechanism to force
reclaim_mapped if we've reached a factor 3 and still haven't made progress.
Previously, a customer doing stress testing was able to easily OOM the box
after using only a small fraction of its swap (~100MB). After the patches, it
would only OOM after having used up all swap (~800MB).
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
__alloc_pages currently starts shooting if page reclaim has failed to free up
swap_cluster_max pages in one run through the priorities. This is not always
a good indicator on its own, so make use of the all_unreclaimable logic as
well: don't consider going OOM until all zones we're interested in are
unreclaimable.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Currently we can silently drop data if the write to swap failed. It
usually doesn't result in data-corruption because on page-in the process
will receive SIGBUS (assuming write-failure implies read-failure).
This assumption might or might not be valid.
This patch will avoid the page being discarded after a failed write. But
will print a warning the sysadmin _should_ take to heart, if a lot of swap
space becomes un-writeable, OOM is not far off.
Tested by making the write fail 'randomly' once every 50 writes or so.
[akpm@osdl.org: printk warning fix]
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
As explained by Heiko, on s390 (32-bit) ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN is set to
eight because their common I/O layer allocates data structures that need to
have an eight byte alignment. This does not work when CONFIG_SLAB_DEBUG is
enabled because kmem_cache_create will override alignment to BYTES_PER_WORD
which is four.
So change kmem_cache_create to ensure cache alignment is always at minimum
what the architecture or caller mandates even if slab debugging is enabled.
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
lock_page needs the caller to have a reference on the page->mapping inode
due to sync_page, ergo set_page_dirty_lock is obviously buggy according to
its comments.
Solve it by introducing a new lock_page_nosync which does not do a sync_page.
akpm: unpleasant solution to an unpleasant problem. If it goes wrong it could
cause great slowdowns while the lock_page() caller waits for kblockd to
perform the unplug. And if a filesystem has special sync_page() requirements
(none presently do), permanent hangs are possible.
otoh, set_page_dirty_lock() is usually (always?) called against userspace
pages. They are always up-to-date, so there shouldn't be any pending read I/O
against these pages.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Some users of remove_mapping had been unsafe.
Modify the remove_mapping precondition to ensure the caller has locked the
page and obtained the correct mapping. Modify callers to ensure the
mapping is the correct one.
[hugh@veritas.com: swapper_space fix]
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
These functions are already documented quite well with long comments. Now
add kerneldoc style header to make this turn up in everyones favorite doc
format.
Signed-off-by: Rolf Eike Beer <eike-kernel@sf-tec.de>
Cc: "Randy.Dunlap" <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch splits alloc_percpu() up into two phases. Likewise for
free_percpu(). This allows clients to limit initial allocations to online
cpu's, and to populate or depopulate per-cpu data at run time as needed:
struct my_struct *obj;
/* initial allocation for online cpu's */
obj = percpu_alloc(sizeof(struct my_struct), GFP_KERNEL);
...
/* populate per-cpu data for cpu coming online */
ptr = percpu_populate(obj, sizeof(struct my_struct), GFP_KERNEL, cpu);
...
/* access per-cpu object */
ptr = percpu_ptr(obj, smp_processor_id());
...
/* depopulate per-cpu data for cpu going offline */
percpu_depopulate(obj, cpu);
...
/* final removal */
percpu_free(obj);
Signed-off-by: Martin Peschke <mp3@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Add a notifer chain to the out of memory killer. If one of the registered
callbacks could release some memory, do not kill the process but return and
retry the allocation that forced the oom killer to run.
The purpose of the notifier is to add a safety net in the presence of
memory ballooners. If the resource manager inflated the balloon to a size
where memory allocations can not be satisfied anymore, it is better to
deflate the balloon a bit instead of killing processes.
The implementation for the s390 ballooner is included.
[akpm@osdl.org: cleanups]
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
I wonder why we need this bitmask indexing into zone->node_zonelists[]?
We always start with the highest zone and then include all lower zones
if we build zonelists.
Are there really cases where we need allocation from ZONE_DMA or
ZONE_HIGHMEM but not ZONE_NORMAL? It seems that the current implementation
of highest_zone() makes that already impossible.
If we go linear on the index then gfp_zone() == highest_zone() and a lot
of definitions fall by the wayside.
We can now revert back to the use of gfp_zone() in mempolicy.c ;-)
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
After we have done this we can now do some typing cleanup.
The memory policy layer keeps a policy_zone that specifies
the zone that gets memory policies applied. This variable
can now be of type enum zone_type.
The check_highest_zone function and the build_zonelists funnctionm must
then also take a enum zone_type parameter.
Plus there are a number of loops over zones that also should use
zone_type.
We run into some troubles at some points with functions that need a
zone_type variable to become -1. Fix that up.
[pj@sgi.com: fix set_mempolicy() crash]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
There is a check in zonelist_policy that compares pieces of the bitmap
obtained from a gfp mask via GFP_ZONETYPES with a zone number in function
zonelist_policy().
The bitmap is an ORed mask of __GFP_DMA, __GFP_DMA32 and __GFP_HIGHMEM.
The policy_zone is a zone number with the possible values of ZONE_DMA,
ZONE_DMA32, ZONE_HIGHMEM and ZONE_NORMAL. These are two different domains
of values.
For some reason seemed to work before the zone reduction patchset (It
definitely works on SGI boxes since we just have one zone and the check
cannot fail).
With the zone reduction patchset this check definitely fails on systems
with two zones if the system actually has memory in both zones.
This is because ZONE_NORMAL is selected using no __GFP flag at
all and thus gfp_zone(gfpmask) == 0. ZONE_DMA is selected when __GFP_DMA
is set. __GFP_DMA is 0x01. So gfp_zone(gfpmask) == 1.
policy_zone is set to ZONE_NORMAL (==1) if ZONE_NORMAL and ZONE_DMA are
populated.
For ZONE_NORMAL gfp_zone(<no _GFP_DMA>) yields 0 which is <
policy_zone(ZONE_NORMAL) and so policy is not applied to regular memory
allocations!
Instead gfp_zone(__GFP_DMA) == 1 which results in policy being applied
to DMA allocations!
What we realy want in that place is to establish the highest allowable
zone for a given gfp_mask. If the highest zone is higher or equal to the
policy_zone then memory policies need to be applied. We have such
a highest_zone() function in page_alloc.c.
So move the highest_zone() function from mm/page_alloc.c into
include/linux/gfp.h. On the way we simplify the function and use the new
zone_type that was also introduced with the zone reduction patchset plus we
also specify the right type for the gfp flags parameter.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
eventcounters: Do not display counters for zones that are not available on an
arch
Do not define or display counters for the DMA32 and the HIGHMEM zone if such
zones were not configured.
[akpm@osdl.org: s390 fix]
[heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com: s390 fix]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Make ZONE_HIGHMEM optional
- ifdef out code and definitions related to CONFIG_HIGHMEM
- __GFP_HIGHMEM falls back to normal allocations if there is no
ZONE_HIGHMEM
- GFP_ZONEMASK becomes 0x01 if there is no DMA32 and no HIGHMEM
zone.
[jdike@addtoit.com: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@engr.sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Make ZONE_DMA32 optional
- Add #ifdefs around ZONE_DMA32 specific code and definitions.
- Add CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32 config option and use that for x86_64
that alone needs this zone.
- Remove the use of CONFIG_DMA_IS_DMA32 and CONFIG_DMA_IS_NORMAL
for ia64 and fix up the way per node ZVCs are calculated.
- Fall back to prior GFP_ZONEMASK of 0x03 if there is no
DMA32 zone.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Use enum for zones and reformat zones dependent information
Add comments explaning the use of zones and add a zones_t type for zone
numbers.
Line up information that will be #ifdefd by the following patches.
[akpm@osdl.org: comment cleanups]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
page allocator ZONE_HIGHMEM fixups
1. We do not need to do an #ifdef in si_meminfo since both counters
in use are zero if !CONFIG_HIGHMEM.
2. Add #ifdef in si_meminfo_node instead to avoid referencing zone
information for ZONE_HIGHMEM if we do not have HIGHMEM
(may not be there after the following patches).
3. Replace the use of ZONE_HIGHMEM with MAX_NR_ZONES in build_zonelists_node
4. build_zonelists_node: Remove BUG_ON for ZONE_HIGHMEM. Zone will
be optional soon and thus BUG_ON cannot be triggered anymore.
5. init_free_area_core: Replace a use of ZONE_HIGHMEM with NR_MAX_ZONES.
[akpm@osdl.org: cleanups]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Move totalhigh_pages and nr_free_highpages() into highmem.c/.h
Move the totalhigh_pages definition into highmem.c/.h. Move the
nr_free_highpages function into highmem.c
[yoichi_yuasa@tripeaks.co.jp: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Yoichi Yuasa <yoichi_yuasa@tripeaks.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Do not display HIGHMEM memory sizes if CONFIG_HIGHMEM is not set.
Make HIGHMEM dependent texts and make display of highmem counters optional
Some texts are depending on CONFIG_HIGHMEM.
Remove those strings and remove the display of highmem counter values if
CONFIG_HIGHMEM is not set.
[akpm@osdl.org: remove some ifdefs]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
It fixes various coding style issues, specially when spaces are useless. For
example '*' go next to the function name.
Signed-off-by: Franck Bui-Huu <vagabon.xyz@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
It also creates get_mapsize() helper in order to make the code more readable
when it calculates the boot bitmap size.
Signed-off-by: Franck Bui-Huu <vagabon.xyz@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
