The ordinal of a set bit is simply the number of set bits before it;
counting those doesn't need to be done one bit at a time. While at it,
update the parameters to unsigned int.
It is not completely unthinkable that gcc would see pos as compile-time
constant 0 in one of the uses of bitmap_pos_to_ord. Since the static
inline frontend bitmap_weight doesn't handle nbits==0 correctly (it would
behave exactly as if nbits==BITS_PER_LONG), use __bitmap_weight.
Alternatively, the last line could be spelled bitmap_weight(buf, pos+1)-1,
but this is simpler.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Change the sz and nbits parameters of bitmap_fold to unsigned int for
consistency with other bitmap_* functions, and to save another few bytes
in the generated code.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix kerneldoc]
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Change the nbits parameter of bitmap_onto to unsigned int for consistency
with other bitmap_* functions.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since the various bitmap_* functions now take an unsigned int as nbits
parameter, it makes sense to also update the various wrappers, even though
they're marked as obsolete.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since the various bitmap_* functions now take an unsigned int as nbits
parameter, it makes sense to also update the various wrappers.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
For consistency with the other bitmap_* functions, also make the nbits
parameter of bitmap_zero, bitmap_fill and bitmap_copy unsigned.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
string_get_size() was documented to return an error, but in fact always
returned 0. Since the output always fits in 9 bytes, just document that
and let callers do what they do now: pass a small stack buffer and ignore
the return value.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The remainder from do_div is always a u32, and after size has been reduced
to be below 1000 (or 1024), it certainly fits in u32. So both remainder
and sf_cap can be made u32s, the format specifiers can be simplified (%lld
wasn't the right thing to use for _unsigned_ long long anyway), and we can
replace a do_div with an ordinary 32/32 bit division.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
While commit 3c9f3681d0 ("[SCSI] lib: add generic helper to print
sizes rounded to the correct SI range") says that Z and Y are included
in preparation for 128 bit computers, they just waste .text currently.
If and when we get u128, string_get_size needs updating anyway (and ISO
needs to come up with four more prefixes).
Also there's no need to include and test for the NULL sentinel; once we
reach "E" size is at most 18. [The test is also wrong; it should be
units_str[units][i+1]; if we've reached NULL we're already doomed.]
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
All callers of skip_atoi have already checked for the first character
being a digit. In this case, gcc generates simpler code for a do
while-loop.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On 64 bit, size may very well be huge even if bit 31 happens to be 0.
Somehow it doesn't feel right that one can pass a 5 GiB buffer but not a
3 GiB one. So cap at INT_MAX as was probably the intention all along.
This is also the made-up value passed by sprintf and vsprintf.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It seems a little simpler to consume the p from a %p specifier in
format_decode, just as it is done for the surrounding %c, %s and %% cases.
While there, delete a redundant and misplaced comment.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Neaten the MODULE_PARAM_DESC message.
Use 30 seconds in the comment for the zap console locks timeout.
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
__FUNCTION__ hasn't been treated as a string literal since gcc 3.4, so
this only helps people who only test-compile using 3.3 (compiler-gcc3.h
barks at anything older than that). Besides, there are almost no
occurrences of __FUNCTION__ left in the tree.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: convert remaining __FUNCTION__ references]
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On POWER8 virtualised kernels the VTB register can be read to have a view
of time that only increases while the guest is running. This will prevent
guests from seeing time jump if a guest is paused for significant amounts
of time.
On POWER7 and below virtualised kernels stolen time is subtracted from
local_clock as a best effort approximation. This will not eliminate
spurious warnings in the case of a suspended guest but may reduce the
occurance in the case of softlockups due to host over commit.
Bare metal kernels should avoid reading the VTB as KVM does not restore
sane values when not executing, the approxmation is fine as host kernels
won't observe any stolen time.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Cyril Bur <cyrilbur@gmail.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Andrew Jones <drjones@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Ulrich Obergfell <uobergfe@redhat.com>
Cc: chai wen <chaiw.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be>
Cc: Aaron Tomlin <atomlin@redhat.com>
Cc: Ben Zhang <benzh@chromium.org>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When the hypervisor pauses a virtualised kernel the kernel will observe a
jump in timebase, this can cause spurious messages from the softlockup
detector.
Whilst these messages are harmless, they are accompanied with a stack
trace which causes undue concern and more problematically the stack trace
in the guest has nothing to do with the observed problem and can only be
misleading.
Futhermore, on POWER8 this is completely avoidable with the introduction
of the Virtual Time Base (VTB) register.
This patch (of 2):
This permits the use of arch specific clocks for which virtualised kernels
can use their notion of 'running' time, not the elpased wall time which
will include host execution time.
Signed-off-by: Cyril Bur <cyrilbur@gmail.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Andrew Jones <drjones@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Ulrich Obergfell <uobergfe@redhat.com>
Cc: chai wen <chaiw.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be>
Cc: Aaron Tomlin <atomlin@redhat.com>
Cc: Ben Zhang <benzh@chromium.org>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Everybody uses unsigned long for pgoff_t, and no one ever overrode the
definition of pgoff_t. Keep it that way, and remove the option of
overriding it.
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If an attacker can cause a controlled kernel stack overflow, overwriting
the restart block is a very juicy exploit target. This is because the
restart_block is held in the same memory allocation as the kernel stack.
Moving the restart block to struct task_struct prevents this exploit by
making the restart_block harder to locate.
Note that there are other fields in thread_info that are also easy
targets, at least on some architectures.
It's also a decent simplification, since the restart code is more or less
identical on all architectures.
[james.hogan@imgtec.com: metag: align thread_info::supervisor_stack]
Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Acked-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com>
Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@gmail.com>
Cc: Hans-Christian Egtvedt <egtvedt@samfundet.no>
Cc: Steven Miao <realmz6@gmail.com>
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Cc: Aurelien Jacquiot <a-jacquiot@ti.com>
Cc: Mikael Starvik <starvik@axis.com>
Cc: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Richard Kuo <rkuo@codeaurora.org>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se>
Cc: "James E.J. Bottomley" <jejb@parisc-linux.org>
Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Acked-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> (powerpc)
Tested-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> (powerpc)
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Chen Liqin <liqin.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: Lennox Wu <lennox.wu@gmail.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@ezchip.com>
Cc: Guan Xuetao <gxt@mprc.pku.edu.cn>
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Instead of custom approach let's use string_escape_str() to escape a given
string (task_name in this case).
Signed-off-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The output of /proc/$pid/numa_maps is in terms of number of pages like
anon=22 or dirty=54. Here's some output:
7f4680000000 default file=/hugetlb/bigfile anon=50 dirty=50 N0=50
7f7659600000 default file=/anon_hugepage\040(deleted) anon=50 dirty=50 N0=50
7fff8d425000 default stack anon=50 dirty=50 N0=50
Looks like we have a stack and a couple of anonymous hugetlbfs
areas page which both use the same amount of memory. They don't.
The 'bigfile' uses 1GB pages and takes up ~50GB of space. The
anon_hugepage uses 2MB pages and takes up ~100MB of space while the stack
uses normal 4k pages. You can go over to smaps to figure out what the
page size _really_ is with KernelPageSize or MMUPageSize. But, I think
this is a pretty nasty and counterintuitive interface as it stands.
This patch introduces 'kernelpagesize_kB' line element to
/proc/<pid>/numa_maps report file in order to help identifying the size of
pages that are backing memory areas mapped by a given task. This is
specially useful to help differentiating between HUGE and GIGANTIC page
backed VMAs.
This patch is based on Dave Hansen's proposal and reviewer's follow-ups
taken from the following dicussion threads:
* https://lkml.org/lkml/2011/9/21/454
* https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/12/20/66
Signed-off-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add a small section to proc.txt doc in order to document its
/proc/pid/numa_maps interface. It does not introduce any functional
changes, just documentation.
Signed-off-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Use the PDE() helper to get proc_dir_entry instead of coding it directly.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Kuleshov <kuleshovmail@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Nicolas Dichtel <nicolas.dichtel@6wind.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Peak resident size of a process can be reset back to the process's
current rss value by writing "5" to /proc/pid/clear_refs. The driving
use-case for this would be getting the peak RSS value, which can be
retrieved from the VmHWM field in /proc/pid/status, per benchmark
iteration or test scenario.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: clarify behaviour in documentation]
Signed-off-by: Petr Cermak <petrcermak@chromium.org>
Cc: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Cc: Primiano Tucci <primiano@chromium.org>
Cc: Petr Cermak <petrcermak@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Remove the function search_one_table() that is not used anywhere.
This was partially found by using a static code analysis program called
cppcheck.
Signed-off-by: Rickard Strandqvist <rickard_strandqvist@spectrumdigital.se>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently the underlay of zpool: zsmalloc/zbud, do not know who creates
them. There is not a method to let zsmalloc/zbud find which caller they
belong to.
Now we want to add statistics collection in zsmalloc. We need to name the
debugfs dir for each pool created. The way suggested by Minchan Kim is to
use a name passed by caller(such as zram) to create the zsmalloc pool.
/sys/kernel/debug/zsmalloc/zram0
This patch adds an argument `name' to zs_create_pool() and other related
functions.
Signed-off-by: Ganesh Mahendran <opensource.ganesh@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjennings@variantweb.net>
Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
`struct zram' contains both `struct gendisk' and `struct request_queue'.
the latter can be deleted, because zram->disk carries ->queue pointer, and
->queue carries zram pointer:
create_device()
zram->queue->queuedata = zram
zram->disk->queue = zram->queue
zram->disk->private_data = zram
so zram->queue is not needed, we can access all necessary data anyway.
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Admin could reset zram during I/O operation going on so we have used
zram->init_lock as read-side lock in I/O path to prevent sudden zram
meta freeing.
However, the init_lock is really troublesome. We can't do call
zram_meta_alloc under init_lock due to lockdep splat because
zram_rw_page is one of the function under reclaim path and hold it as
read_lock while other places in process context hold it as write_lock.
So, we have used allocation out of the lock to avoid lockdep warn but
it's not good for readability and fainally, I met another lockdep splat
between init_lock and cpu_hotplug from kmem_cache_destroy during working
zsmalloc compaction. :(
Yes, the ideal is to remove horrible init_lock of zram in rw path. This
patch removes it in rw path and instead, add atomic refcount for meta
lifetime management and completion to free meta in process context.
It's important to free meta in process context because some of resource
destruction needs mutex lock, which could be held if we releases the
resource in reclaim context so it's deadlock, again.
As a bonus, we could remove init_done check in rw path because
zram_meta_get will do a role for it, instead.
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Cc: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
Cc: Ganesh Mahendran <opensource.ganesh@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
bd_holders is increased only when user open the device file as FMODE_EXCL
so if something opens zram0 as !FMODE_EXCL and request I/O while another
user reset zram0, we can see following warning.
zram0: detected capacity change from 0 to 64424509440
Buffer I/O error on dev zram0, logical block 180823, lost async page write
Buffer I/O error on dev zram0, logical block 180824, lost async page write
Buffer I/O error on dev zram0, logical block 180825, lost async page write
Buffer I/O error on dev zram0, logical block 180826, lost async page write
Buffer I/O error on dev zram0, logical block 180827, lost async page write
Buffer I/O error on dev zram0, logical block 180828, lost async page write
Buffer I/O error on dev zram0, logical block 180829, lost async page write
Buffer I/O error on dev zram0, logical block 180830, lost async page write
Buffer I/O error on dev zram0, logical block 180831, lost async page write
Buffer I/O error on dev zram0, logical block 180832, lost async page write
------------[ cut here ]------------
WARNING: CPU: 11 PID: 1996 at fs/block_dev.c:57 __blkdev_put+0x1d7/0x210()
Modules linked in:
CPU: 11 PID: 1996 Comm: dd Not tainted 3.19.0-rc6-next-20150202+ #1125
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS Bochs 01/01/2011
Call Trace:
dump_stack+0x45/0x57
warn_slowpath_common+0x8a/0xc0
warn_slowpath_null+0x1a/0x20
__blkdev_put+0x1d7/0x210
blkdev_put+0x50/0x130
blkdev_close+0x25/0x30
__fput+0xdf/0x1e0
____fput+0xe/0x10
task_work_run+0xa7/0xe0
do_notify_resume+0x49/0x60
int_signal+0x12/0x17
---[ end trace 274fbbc5664827d2 ]---
The warning comes from bdev_write_node in blkdev_put path.
static void bdev_write_inode(struct inode *inode)
{
spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
while (inode->i_state & I_DIRTY) {
spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
WARN_ON_ONCE(write_inode_now(inode, true)); <========= here.
spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
}
spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
}
The reason is dd process encounters I/O fails due to sudden block device
disappear so in filemap_check_errors in __writeback_single_inode returns
-EIO.
If we check bd_openers instead of bd_holders, we could address the
problem. When I see the brd, it already have used it rather than
bd_holders so although I'm not a expert of block layer, it seems to be
better.
I can make following warning with below simple script. In addition, I
added msleep(2000) below set_capacity(zram->disk, 0) after applying your
patch to make window huge(Kudos to Ganesh!)
script:
echo $((60<<30)) > /sys/block/zram0/disksize
setsid dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/zram0 &
sleep 1
setsid echo 1 > /sys/block/zram0/reset
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Cc: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
Cc: Ganesh Mahendran <opensource.ganesh@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We need to return set_capacity(disk, 0) from reset_store() back to
zram_reset_device(), a catch by Ganesh Mahendran. Potentially, we can
race set_capacity() calls from init and reset paths.
The problem is that zram_reset_device() is also getting called from
zram_exit(), which performs operations in misleading reversed order -- we
first create_device() and then init it, while zram_exit() perform
destroy_device() first and then does zram_reset_device(). This is done to
remove sysfs group before we reset device, so we can continue with device
reset/destruction not being raced by sysfs attr write (f.e. disksize).
Apart from that, destroy_device() releases zram->disk (but we still have
->disk pointer), so we cannot acces zram->disk in later
zram_reset_device() call, which may cause additional errors in the future.
So, this patch rework and cleanup destroy path.
1) remove several unneeded goto labels in zram_init()
2) factor out zram_init() error path and zram_exit() into
destroy_devices() function, which takes the number of devices to
destroy as its argument.
3) remove sysfs group in destroy_devices() first, so we can reorder
operations -- reset device (as expected) goes before disk destroy and
queue cleanup. So we can always access ->disk in zram_reset_device().
4) and, finally, return set_capacity() back under ->init_lock.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak comment]
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Ganesh Mahendran <opensource.ganesh@gmail.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Ganesh Mahendran was the first one who proposed to use bdev->bd_mutex to
avoid ->bd_holders race condition:
CPU0 CPU1
umount /* zram->init_done is true */
reset_store()
bdev->bd_holders == 0 mount
... zram_make_request()
zram_reset_device()
However, his solution required some considerable amount of code movement,
which we can avoid.
Apart from using bdev->bd_mutex in reset_store(), this patch also
simplifies zram_reset_device().
zram_reset_device() has a bool parameter reset_capacity which tells it
whether disk capacity and itself disk should be reset. There are two
zram_reset_device() callers:
-- zram_exit() passes reset_capacity=false
-- reset_store() passes reset_capacity=true
So we can move reset_capacity-sensitive work out of zram_reset_device()
and perform it unconditionally in reset_store(). This also lets us drop
reset_capacity parameter from zram_reset_device() and pass zram pointer
only.
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Ganesh Mahendran <opensource.ganesh@gmail.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
zram_meta_alloc() and zram_meta_free() are a pair. In
zram_meta_alloc(), meta table is allocated. So it it better to free it
in zram_meta_free().
Signed-off-by: Ganesh Mahendran <opensource.ganesh@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The vmstat interfaces are good at hiding negative counts (at least when
CONFIG_SMP); but if you peer behind the curtain, you find that
nr_isolated_anon and nr_isolated_file soon go negative, and grow ever
more negative: so they can absorb larger and larger numbers of isolated
pages, yet still appear to be zero.
I'm happy to avoid a congestion_wait() when too_many_isolated() myself;
but I guess it's there for a good reason, in which case we ought to get
too_many_isolated() working again.
The imbalance comes from isolate_migratepages()'s ISOLATE_ABORT case:
putback_movable_pages() decrements the NR_ISOLATED counts, but we forgot
to call acct_isolated() to increment them.
It is possible that the bug whcih this patch fixes could cause OOM kills
when the system still has a lot of reclaimable page cache.
Fixes: edc2ca6124 ("mm, compaction: move pageblock checks up from isolate_migratepages_range()")
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.18+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A race condition starts to be visible in recent mmotm, where a PG_hwpoison
flag is set on a migration source page *before* it's back in buddy page
poo= l.
This is problematic because no page flag is supposed to be set when
freeing (see __free_one_page().) So the user-visible effect of this race
is that it could trigger the BUG_ON() when soft-offlining is called.
The root cause is that we call lru_add_drain_all() to make sure that the
page is in buddy, but that doesn't work because this function just
schedule= s a work item and doesn't wait its completion.
drain_all_pages() does drainin= g directly, so simply dropping
lru_add_drain_all() solves this problem.
Fixes: f15bdfa802 ("mm/memory-failure.c: fix memory leak in successful soft offlining")
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Chen Gong <gong.chen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.11+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
For whatever reason, generic_access_phys() only remaps one page, but
actually allows to access arbitrary size. It's quite easy to trigger
large reads, like printing out large structure with gdb, which leads to a
crash. Fix it by remapping correct size.
Fixes: 28b2ee20c7 ("access_process_vm device memory infrastructure")
Signed-off-by: Grazvydas Ignotas <notasas@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The only caller of cpuset_init_current_mems_allowed is the __init
annotated build_all_zonelists_init, so we can also make the former __init.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vishnu Pratap Singh <vishnu.ps@samsung.com>
Cc: Pintu Kumar <pintu.k@samsung.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
mminit_loglevel is only referenced from __init and __meminit functions, so
we can mark it __meminitdata.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vishnu Pratap Singh <vishnu.ps@samsung.com>
Cc: Pintu Kumar <pintu.k@samsung.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The only caller of mminit_verify_zonelist is build_all_zonelists_init,
which is annotated with __init, so it should be safe to also mark the
former as __init, saving ~400 bytes of .text.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vishnu Pratap Singh <vishnu.ps@samsung.com>
Cc: Pintu Kumar <pintu.k@samsung.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pulling the code protected by if (system_state == SYSTEM_BOOTING) into
its own helper allows us to shrink .text a little. This relies on
build_all_zonelists already having a __ref annotation. Add a comment
explaining why so one doesn't have to track it down through git log.
The real saving comes in 3/5, ("mm/mm_init.c: Mark mminit_verify_zonelist
as __init"), where we save about 400 bytes
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vishnu Pratap Singh <vishnu.ps@samsung.com>
Cc: Pintu Kumar <pintu.k@samsung.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
All users of mminit_dprintk pass a compile-time constant as level, so this
just makes gcc emit a single printk call instead of two.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vishnu Pratap Singh <vishnu.ps@samsung.com>
Cc: Pintu Kumar <pintu.k@samsung.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
mm->nr_pmds doesn't make sense on !MMU configurations
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Move memcg_socket_limit_enabled decrement to tcp_destroy_cgroup (called
from memcg_destroy_kmem -> mem_cgroup_sockets_destroy) and zap a bunch of
wrapper functions.
Although this patch moves static keys decrement from __mem_cgroup_free to
mem_cgroup_css_free, it does not introduce any functional changes, because
the keys are incremented on setting the limit (tcp or kmem), which can
only happen after successful mem_cgroup_css_online.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujtisu.com>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, freepage isolation in one pageblock doesn't consider how many
freepages we isolate. When I traced flow of compaction, compaction
sometimes isolates more than 256 freepages to migrate just 32 pages.
In this patch, freepage isolation is stopped at the point that we
have more isolated freepage than isolated page for migration. This
results in slowing down free page scanner and make compaction success
rate higher.
stress-highalloc test in mmtests with non movable order 7 allocation shows
increase of compaction success rate.
Compaction success rate (Compaction success * 100 / Compaction stalls, %)
27.13 : 31.82
pfn where both scanners meets on compaction complete
(separate test due to enormous tracepoint buffer)
(zone_start=4096, zone_end=1048576)
586034 : 654378
In fact, I didn't fully understand why this patch results in such good
result. There was a guess that not used freepages are released to pcp list
and on next compaction trial we won't isolate them again so compaction
success rate would decrease. To prevent this effect, I tested with adding
pcp drain code on release_freepages(), but, it has no good effect.
Anyway, this patch reduces waste time to isolate unneeded freepages so
seems reasonable.
Vlastimil said:
: I briefly tried it on top of the pivot-changing series and with order-9
: allocations it reduced free page scanned counter by almost 10%. No effect
: on success rates (maybe because pivot changing already took care of the
: scanners meeting problem) but the scanning reduction is good on its own.
:
: It also explains why e14c720efd ("mm, compaction: remember position
: within pageblock in free pages scanner") had less than expected
: improvements. It would only actually stop within pageblock in case of
: async compaction detecting contention. I guess that's also why the
: infinite loop problem fixed by 1d5bfe1ffb affected so relatively few
: people.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
What we want to check here is whether there is highorder freepage in buddy
list of other migratetype in order to steal it without fragmentation.
But, current code just checks cc->order which means allocation request
order. So, this is wrong.
Without this fix, non-movable synchronous compaction below pageblock order
would not stopped until compaction is complete, because migratetype of
most pageblocks are movable and high order freepage made by compaction is
usually on movable type buddy list.
There is some report related to this bug. See below link.
http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-mm/msg81666.html
Although the issued system still has load spike comes from compaction,
this makes that system completely stable and responsive according to his
report.
stress-highalloc test in mmtests with non movable order 7 allocation
doesn't show any notable difference in allocation success rate, but, it
shows more compaction success rate.
Compaction success rate (Compaction success * 100 / Compaction stalls, %)
18.47 : 28.94
Fixes: 1fb3f8ca0e ("mm: compaction: capture a suitable high-order page immediately when it is made available")
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.7+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
To speed up further allocations SLUB may store empty slabs in per cpu/node
partial lists instead of freeing them immediately. This prevents per
memcg caches destruction, because kmem caches created for a memory cgroup
are only destroyed after the last page charged to the cgroup is freed.
To fix this issue, this patch resurrects approach first proposed in [1].
It forbids SLUB to cache empty slabs after the memory cgroup that the
cache belongs to was destroyed. It is achieved by setting kmem_cache's
cpu_partial and min_partial constants to 0 and tuning put_cpu_partial() so
that it would drop frozen empty slabs immediately if cpu_partial = 0.
The runtime overhead is minimal. From all the hot functions, we only
touch relatively cold put_cpu_partial(): we make it call
unfreeze_partials() after freezing a slab that belongs to an offline
memory cgroup. Since slab freezing exists to avoid moving slabs from/to a
partial list on free/alloc, and there can't be allocations from dead
caches, it shouldn't cause any overhead. We do have to disable preemption
for put_cpu_partial() to achieve that though.
The original patch was accepted well and even merged to the mm tree.
However, I decided to withdraw it due to changes happening to the memcg
core at that time. I had an idea of introducing per-memcg shrinkers for
kmem caches, but now, as memcg has finally settled down, I do not see it
as an option, because SLUB shrinker would be too costly to call since SLUB
does not keep free slabs on a separate list. Besides, we currently do not
even call per-memcg shrinkers for offline memcgs. Overall, it would
introduce much more complexity to both SLUB and memcg than this small
patch.
Regarding to SLAB, there's no problem with it, because it shrinks
per-cpu/node caches periodically. Thanks to list_lru reparenting, we no
longer keep entries for offline cgroups in per-memcg arrays (such as
memcg_cache_params->memcg_caches), so we do not have to bother if a
per-memcg cache will be shrunk a bit later than it could be.
[1] http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel.mm/118649/focus=118650
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It is supposed to return 0 if the cache has no remaining objects and 1
otherwise, while currently it always returns 0. Fix it.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
SLUB's version of __kmem_cache_shrink() not only removes empty slabs, but
also tries to rearrange the partial lists to place slabs filled up most to
the head to cope with fragmentation. To achieve that, it allocates a
temporary array of lists used to sort slabs by the number of objects in
use. If the allocation fails, the whole procedure is aborted.
This is unacceptable for the kernel memory accounting extension of the
memory cgroup, where we want to make sure that kmem_cache_shrink()
successfully discarded empty slabs. Although the allocation failure is
utterly unlikely with the current page allocator implementation, which
retries GFP_KERNEL allocations of order <= 2 infinitely, it is better not
to rely on that.
This patch therefore makes __kmem_cache_shrink() allocate the array on
stack instead of calling kmalloc, which may fail. The array size is
chosen to be equal to 32, because most SLUB caches store not more than 32
objects per slab page. Slab pages with <= 32 free objects are sorted
using the array by the number of objects in use and promoted to the head
of the partial list, while slab pages with > 32 free objects are left in
the end of the list without any ordering imposed on them.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
