[ Upstream commit 5354b2af34 ]
Previously, ext4_get_group_info() would treat an invalid group number
as BUG(), since in theory it should never happen. However, if a
malicious attaker (or fuzzer) modifies the superblock via the block
device while it is the file system is mounted, it is possible for
s_first_data_block to get set to a very large number. In that case,
when calculating the block group of some block number (such as the
starting block of a preallocation region), could result in an
underflow and very large block group number. Then the BUG_ON check in
ext4_get_group_info() would fire, resutling in a denial of service
attack that can be triggered by root or someone with write access to
the block device.
For a quality of implementation perspective, it's best that even if
the system administrator does something that they shouldn't, that it
will not trigger a BUG. So instead of BUG'ing, ext4_get_group_info()
will call ext4_error and return NULL. We also add fallback code in
all of the callers of ext4_get_group_info() that it might NULL.
Also, since ext4_get_group_info() was already borderline to be an
inline function, un-inline it. The results in a next reduction of the
compiled text size of ext4 by roughly 2k.
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230430154311.579720-2-tytso@mit.edu
Reported-by: syzbot+e2efa3efc15a1c9e95c3@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Link: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?id=69b28112e098b070f639efb356393af3ffec4220
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
The prandom_u32() function has been a deprecated inline wrapper around
get_random_u32() for several releases now, and compiles down to the
exact same code. Replace the deprecated wrapper with a direct call to
the real function. The same also applies to get_random_int(), which is
just a wrapper around get_random_u32(). This was done as a basic find
and replace.
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Yury Norov <yury.norov@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> # for ext4
Acked-by: Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@toke.dk> # for sch_cake
Acked-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com> # for nfsd
Acked-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com> # for thunderbolt
Acked-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org> # for xfs
Acked-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> # for parisc
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> # for s390
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Rather than incurring a division or requesting too many random bytes for
the given range, use the prandom_u32_max() function, which only takes
the minimum required bytes from the RNG and avoids divisions. This was
done by hand, covering things that coccinelle could not do on its own.
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Yury Norov <yury.norov@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> # for ext2, ext4, and sbitmap
Acked-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Currently the Orlov inode allocator searches for free inodes for a
directory only in flex block groups with at most inodes_per_group/16
more directory inodes than average per flex block group. However with
growing size of flex block group this becomes unnecessarily strict.
Scale allowed difference from average directory count per flex block
group with flex block group size as we do with other metrics.
Tested-by: Stefan Wahren <stefan.wahren@i2se.com>
Tested-by: Ojaswin Mujoo <ojaswin@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/0d81a7c2-46b7-6010-62a4-3e6cfc1628d6@i2se.com/
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220908092136.11770-3-jack@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
JBD2 layer support triggers which are called when journaling layer moves
buffer to a certain state. We can use the frozen trigger, which gets
called when buffer data is frozen and about to be written out to the
journal, to compute block checksums for some buffer types (similarly as
does ocfs2). This avoids unnecessary repeated recomputation of the
checksum (at the cost of larger window where memory corruption won't be
caught by checksumming) and is even necessary when there are
unsynchronized updaters of the checksummed data.
So add superblock and journal trigger type arguments to
ext4_journal_get_write_access() and ext4_journal_get_create_access() so
that frozen triggers can be set accordingly. Also add inode argument to
ext4_walk_page_buffers() and all the callbacks used with that function
for the same purpose. This patch is mostly only a change of prototype of
the above mentioned functions and a few small helpers. Real checksumming
will come later.
Reviewed-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210816095713.16537-1-jack@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
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Merge tag 'ext4_for_linus_stable' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4
Pull ext4 fixes from Ted Ts'o:
"Miscellaneous ext4 bug fixes"
* tag 'ext4_for_linus_stable' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4:
ext4: Only advertise encrypted_casefold when encryption and unicode are enabled
ext4: fix no-key deletion for encrypt+casefold
ext4: fix memory leak in ext4_fill_super
ext4: fix fast commit alignment issues
ext4: fix bug on in ext4_es_cache_extent as ext4_split_extent_at failed
ext4: fix accessing uninit percpu counter variable with fast_commit
ext4: fix memory leak in ext4_mb_init_backend on error path.
When running generic/527 with fast_commit configuration, the following
issue is seen on Power. With fast_commit, during ext4_fc_replay()
(which can be called from ext4_fill_super()), if inode eviction
happens then it can access an uninitialized percpu counter variable.
This patch adds the check before accessing the counters in
ext4_free_inode() path.
[ 321.165371] run fstests generic/527 at 2021-04-29 08:38:43
[ 323.027786] EXT4-fs (dm-0): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: block_validity. Quota mode: none.
[ 323.618772] BUG: Unable to handle kernel data access on read at 0x1fbd80000
[ 323.619767] Faulting instruction address: 0xc000000000bae78c
cpu 0x1: Vector: 300 (Data Access) at [c000000010706ef0]
pc: c000000000bae78c: percpu_counter_add_batch+0x3c/0x100
lr: c0000000006d0bb0: ext4_free_inode+0x780/0xb90
pid = 5593, comm = mount
ext4_free_inode+0x780/0xb90
ext4_evict_inode+0xa8c/0xc60
evict+0xfc/0x1e0
ext4_fc_replay+0xc50/0x20f0
do_one_pass+0xfe0/0x1350
jbd2_journal_recover+0x184/0x2e0
jbd2_journal_load+0x1c0/0x4a0
ext4_fill_super+0x2458/0x4200
mount_bdev+0x1dc/0x290
ext4_mount+0x28/0x40
legacy_get_tree+0x4c/0xa0
vfs_get_tree+0x4c/0x120
path_mount+0xcf8/0xd70
do_mount+0x80/0xd0
sys_mount+0x3fc/0x490
system_call_exception+0x384/0x3d0
system_call_common+0xec/0x278
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Fixes: 8016e29f43 ("ext4: fast commit recovery path")
Signed-off-by: Ritesh Harjani <riteshh@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Harshad Shirwadkar <harshadshirwadkar@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/6cceb9a75c54bef8fa9696c1b08c8df5ff6169e2.1619692410.git.riteshh@linux.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
casefold, ensure that deleted file names are cleared in directory
blocks by zeroing directory entries when they are unlinked or moved as
part of a hash tree node split. We also improve the block allocator's
performance on a freshly mounted file system by prefetching block
bitmaps.
There are also the usual cleanups and bug fixes, including fixing a
page cache invalidation race when there is mixed buffered and direct
I/O and the block size is less than page size, and allow the dax flag
to be set and cleared on inline directories.
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Merge tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4
Pull ext4 updates from Ted Ts'o:
"New features for ext4 this cycle include support for encrypted
casefold, ensure that deleted file names are cleared in directory
blocks by zeroing directory entries when they are unlinked or moved as
part of a hash tree node split. We also improve the block allocator's
performance on a freshly mounted file system by prefetching block
bitmaps.
There are also the usual cleanups and bug fixes, including fixing a
page cache invalidation race when there is mixed buffered and direct
I/O and the block size is less than page size, and allow the dax flag
to be set and cleared on inline directories"
* tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4: (32 commits)
ext4: wipe ext4_dir_entry2 upon file deletion
ext4: Fix occasional generic/418 failure
fs: fix reporting supported extra file attributes for statx()
ext4: allow the dax flag to be set and cleared on inline directories
ext4: fix debug format string warning
ext4: fix trailing whitespace
ext4: fix various seppling typos
ext4: fix error return code in ext4_fc_perform_commit()
ext4: annotate data race in jbd2_journal_dirty_metadata()
ext4: annotate data race in start_this_handle()
ext4: fix ext4_error_err save negative errno into superblock
ext4: fix error code in ext4_commit_super
ext4: always panic when errors=panic is specified
ext4: delete redundant uptodate check for buffer
ext4: do not set SB_ACTIVE in ext4_orphan_cleanup()
ext4: make prefetch_block_bitmaps default
ext4: add proc files to monitor new structures
ext4: improve cr 0 / cr 1 group scanning
ext4: add MB_NUM_ORDERS macro
ext4: add mballoc stats proc file
...
This is needed to allow generic/607 to pass for file systems with the
inline data_feature enabled, and it allows the use of file systems
where the directories use inline_data, while the files are accessed
via DAX.
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Commit <50122847007> ("ext4: fix check to prevent initializing reserved
inodes") check the block group zero and prevent initializing reserved
inodes. But in some special cases, the reserved inode may not all belong
to the group zero, it may exist into the second group if we format
filesystem below.
mkfs.ext4 -b 4096 -g 8192 -N 1024 -I 4096 /dev/sda
So, it will end up triggering a false positive report of a corrupted
file system. This patch fix it by avoid check reserved inodes if no free
inode blocks will be zeroed.
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Fixes: 5012284700 ("ext4: fix check to prevent initializing reserved inodes")
Signed-off-by: Zhang Yi <yi.zhang@huawei.com>
Suggested-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210331121516.2243099-1-yi.zhang@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Give filesystem two little helpers that do the right thing when
initializing the i_uid and i_gid fields on idmapped and non-idmapped
mounts. Filesystems shouldn't have to be concerned with too many
details.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210320122623.599086-5-christian.brauner@ubuntu.com
Inspired-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Vivek pointed out that the fs{g,u}id_into_mnt() naming scheme can be
misleading as it could be understood as implying they do the exact same
thing as i_{g,u}id_into_mnt(). The original motivation for this naming
scheme was to signal to callers that the helpers will always take care
to map the k{g,u}id such that the ownership is expressed in terms of the
mnt_users.
Get rid of the confusion by renaming those helpers to something more
sensible. Al suggested mapped_fs{g,u}id() which seems a really good fit.
Usually filesystems don't need to bother with these helpers directly
only in some cases where they allocate objects that carry {g,u}ids which
are either filesystem specific (e.g. xfs quota objects) or don't have a
clean set of helpers as inodes have.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210320122623.599086-3-christian.brauner@ubuntu.com
Inspired-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
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Merge tag 'idmapped-mounts-v5.12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/brauner/linux
Pull idmapped mounts from Christian Brauner:
"This introduces idmapped mounts which has been in the making for some
time. Simply put, different mounts can expose the same file or
directory with different ownership. This initial implementation comes
with ports for fat, ext4 and with Christoph's port for xfs with more
filesystems being actively worked on by independent people and
maintainers.
Idmapping mounts handle a wide range of long standing use-cases. Here
are just a few:
- Idmapped mounts make it possible to easily share files between
multiple users or multiple machines especially in complex
scenarios. For example, idmapped mounts will be used in the
implementation of portable home directories in
systemd-homed.service(8) where they allow users to move their home
directory to an external storage device and use it on multiple
computers where they are assigned different uids and gids. This
effectively makes it possible to assign random uids and gids at
login time.
- It is possible to share files from the host with unprivileged
containers without having to change ownership permanently through
chown(2).
- It is possible to idmap a container's rootfs and without having to
mangle every file. For example, Chromebooks use it to share the
user's Download folder with their unprivileged containers in their
Linux subsystem.
- It is possible to share files between containers with
non-overlapping idmappings.
- Filesystem that lack a proper concept of ownership such as fat can
use idmapped mounts to implement discretionary access (DAC)
permission checking.
- They allow users to efficiently changing ownership on a per-mount
basis without having to (recursively) chown(2) all files. In
contrast to chown (2) changing ownership of large sets of files is
instantenous with idmapped mounts. This is especially useful when
ownership of a whole root filesystem of a virtual machine or
container is changed. With idmapped mounts a single syscall
mount_setattr syscall will be sufficient to change the ownership of
all files.
- Idmapped mounts always take the current ownership into account as
idmappings specify what a given uid or gid is supposed to be mapped
to. This contrasts with the chown(2) syscall which cannot by itself
take the current ownership of the files it changes into account. It
simply changes the ownership to the specified uid and gid. This is
especially problematic when recursively chown(2)ing a large set of
files which is commong with the aforementioned portable home
directory and container and vm scenario.
- Idmapped mounts allow to change ownership locally, restricting it
to specific mounts, and temporarily as the ownership changes only
apply as long as the mount exists.
Several userspace projects have either already put up patches and
pull-requests for this feature or will do so should you decide to pull
this:
- systemd: In a wide variety of scenarios but especially right away
in their implementation of portable home directories.
https://systemd.io/HOME_DIRECTORY/
- container runtimes: containerd, runC, LXD:To share data between
host and unprivileged containers, unprivileged and privileged
containers, etc. The pull request for idmapped mounts support in
containerd, the default Kubernetes runtime is already up for quite
a while now: https://github.com/containerd/containerd/pull/4734
- The virtio-fs developers and several users have expressed interest
in using this feature with virtual machines once virtio-fs is
ported.
- ChromeOS: Sharing host-directories with unprivileged containers.
I've tightly synced with all those projects and all of those listed
here have also expressed their need/desire for this feature on the
mailing list. For more info on how people use this there's a bunch of
talks about this too. Here's just two recent ones:
https://www.cncf.io/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Rootless-Containers-in-Gitpod.pdfhttps://fosdem.org/2021/schedule/event/containers_idmap/
This comes with an extensive xfstests suite covering both ext4 and
xfs:
https://git.kernel.org/brauner/xfstests-dev/h/idmapped_mounts
It covers truncation, creation, opening, xattrs, vfscaps, setid
execution, setgid inheritance and more both with idmapped and
non-idmapped mounts. It already helped to discover an unrelated xfs
setgid inheritance bug which has since been fixed in mainline. It will
be sent for inclusion with the xfstests project should you decide to
merge this.
In order to support per-mount idmappings vfsmounts are marked with
user namespaces. The idmapping of the user namespace will be used to
map the ids of vfs objects when they are accessed through that mount.
By default all vfsmounts are marked with the initial user namespace.
The initial user namespace is used to indicate that a mount is not
idmapped. All operations behave as before and this is verified in the
testsuite.
Based on prior discussions we want to attach the whole user namespace
and not just a dedicated idmapping struct. This allows us to reuse all
the helpers that already exist for dealing with idmappings instead of
introducing a whole new range of helpers. In addition, if we decide in
the future that we are confident enough to enable unprivileged users
to setup idmapped mounts the permission checking can take into account
whether the caller is privileged in the user namespace the mount is
currently marked with.
The user namespace the mount will be marked with can be specified by
passing a file descriptor refering to the user namespace as an
argument to the new mount_setattr() syscall together with the new
MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP flag. The system call follows the openat2() pattern
of extensibility.
The following conditions must be met in order to create an idmapped
mount:
- The caller must currently have the CAP_SYS_ADMIN capability in the
user namespace the underlying filesystem has been mounted in.
- The underlying filesystem must support idmapped mounts.
- The mount must not already be idmapped. This also implies that the
idmapping of a mount cannot be altered once it has been idmapped.
- The mount must be a detached/anonymous mount, i.e. it must have
been created by calling open_tree() with the OPEN_TREE_CLONE flag
and it must not already have been visible in the filesystem.
The last two points guarantee easier semantics for userspace and the
kernel and make the implementation significantly simpler.
By default vfsmounts are marked with the initial user namespace and no
behavioral or performance changes are observed.
The manpage with a detailed description can be found here:
1d7b902e28
In order to support idmapped mounts, filesystems need to be changed
and mark themselves with the FS_ALLOW_IDMAP flag in fs_flags. The
patches to convert individual filesystem are not very large or
complicated overall as can be seen from the included fat, ext4, and
xfs ports. Patches for other filesystems are actively worked on and
will be sent out separately. The xfstestsuite can be used to verify
that port has been done correctly.
The mount_setattr() syscall is motivated independent of the idmapped
mounts patches and it's been around since July 2019. One of the most
valuable features of the new mount api is the ability to perform
mounts based on file descriptors only.
Together with the lookup restrictions available in the openat2()
RESOLVE_* flag namespace which we added in v5.6 this is the first time
we are close to hardened and race-free (e.g. symlinks) mounting and
path resolution.
While userspace has started porting to the new mount api to mount
proper filesystems and create new bind-mounts it is currently not
possible to change mount options of an already existing bind mount in
the new mount api since the mount_setattr() syscall is missing.
With the addition of the mount_setattr() syscall we remove this last
restriction and userspace can now fully port to the new mount api,
covering every use-case the old mount api could. We also add the
crucial ability to recursively change mount options for a whole mount
tree, both removing and adding mount options at the same time. This
syscall has been requested multiple times by various people and
projects.
There is a simple tool available at
https://github.com/brauner/mount-idmapped
that allows to create idmapped mounts so people can play with this
patch series. I'll add support for the regular mount binary should you
decide to pull this in the following weeks:
Here's an example to a simple idmapped mount of another user's home
directory:
u1001@f2-vm:/$ sudo ./mount --idmap both:1000:1001:1 /home/ubuntu/ /mnt
u1001@f2-vm:/$ ls -al /home/ubuntu/
total 28
drwxr-xr-x 2 ubuntu ubuntu 4096 Oct 28 22:07 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Oct 28 04:00 ..
-rw------- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 3154 Oct 28 22:12 .bash_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 220 Feb 25 2020 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 3771 Feb 25 2020 .bashrc
-rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 807 Feb 25 2020 .profile
-rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 0 Oct 16 16:11 .sudo_as_admin_successful
-rw------- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 1144 Oct 28 00:43 .viminfo
u1001@f2-vm:/$ ls -al /mnt/
total 28
drwxr-xr-x 2 u1001 u1001 4096 Oct 28 22:07 .
drwxr-xr-x 29 root root 4096 Oct 28 22:01 ..
-rw------- 1 u1001 u1001 3154 Oct 28 22:12 .bash_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 u1001 u1001 220 Feb 25 2020 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- 1 u1001 u1001 3771 Feb 25 2020 .bashrc
-rw-r--r-- 1 u1001 u1001 807 Feb 25 2020 .profile
-rw-r--r-- 1 u1001 u1001 0 Oct 16 16:11 .sudo_as_admin_successful
-rw------- 1 u1001 u1001 1144 Oct 28 00:43 .viminfo
u1001@f2-vm:/$ touch /mnt/my-file
u1001@f2-vm:/$ setfacl -m u:1001:rwx /mnt/my-file
u1001@f2-vm:/$ sudo setcap -n 1001 cap_net_raw+ep /mnt/my-file
u1001@f2-vm:/$ ls -al /mnt/my-file
-rw-rwxr--+ 1 u1001 u1001 0 Oct 28 22:14 /mnt/my-file
u1001@f2-vm:/$ ls -al /home/ubuntu/my-file
-rw-rwxr--+ 1 ubuntu ubuntu 0 Oct 28 22:14 /home/ubuntu/my-file
u1001@f2-vm:/$ getfacl /mnt/my-file
getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names
# file: mnt/my-file
# owner: u1001
# group: u1001
user::rw-
user:u1001:rwx
group::rw-
mask::rwx
other::r--
u1001@f2-vm:/$ getfacl /home/ubuntu/my-file
getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names
# file: home/ubuntu/my-file
# owner: ubuntu
# group: ubuntu
user::rw-
user:ubuntu:rwx
group::rw-
mask::rwx
other::r--"
* tag 'idmapped-mounts-v5.12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/brauner/linux: (41 commits)
xfs: remove the possibly unused mp variable in xfs_file_compat_ioctl
xfs: support idmapped mounts
ext4: support idmapped mounts
fat: handle idmapped mounts
tests: add mount_setattr() selftests
fs: introduce MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP
fs: add mount_setattr()
fs: add attr_flags_to_mnt_flags helper
fs: split out functions to hold writers
namespace: only take read lock in do_reconfigure_mnt()
mount: make {lock,unlock}_mount_hash() static
namespace: take lock_mount_hash() directly when changing flags
nfs: do not export idmapped mounts
overlayfs: do not mount on top of idmapped mounts
ecryptfs: do not mount on top of idmapped mounts
ima: handle idmapped mounts
apparmor: handle idmapped mounts
fs: make helpers idmap mount aware
exec: handle idmapped mounts
would_dump: handle idmapped mounts
...
There is no point in allocating memory for a synchronous flush.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com>
Acked-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Enable idmapped mounts for ext4. All dedicated helpers we need for this
exist. So this basically just means we're passing down the
user_namespace argument from the VFS methods to the relevant helpers.
Let's create simple example where we idmap an ext4 filesystem:
root@f2-vm:~# truncate -s 5G ext4.img
root@f2-vm:~# mkfs.ext4 ./ext4.img
mke2fs 1.45.5 (07-Jan-2020)
Discarding device blocks: done
Creating filesystem with 1310720 4k blocks and 327680 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 3fd91794-c6ca-4b0f-9964-289a000919cf
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
root@f2-vm:~# losetup -f --show ./ext4.img
/dev/loop0
root@f2-vm:~# mount /dev/loop0 /mnt
root@f2-vm:~# ls -al /mnt/
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 28 13:34 .
drwxr-xr-x 30 root root 4096 Oct 28 13:22 ..
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Oct 28 13:34 lost+found
# Let's create an idmapped mount at /idmapped1 where we map uid and gid
# 0 to uid and gid 1000
root@f2-vm:/# ./mount-idmapped --map-mount b:0:1000:1 /mnt/ /idmapped1/
root@f2-vm:/# ls -al /idmapped1/
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 3 ubuntu ubuntu 4096 Oct 28 13:34 .
drwxr-xr-x 30 root root 4096 Oct 28 13:22 ..
drwx------ 2 ubuntu ubuntu 16384 Oct 28 13:34 lost+found
# Let's create an idmapped mount at /idmapped2 where we map uid and gid
# 0 to uid and gid 2000
root@f2-vm:/# ./mount-idmapped --map-mount b:0:2000:1 /mnt/ /idmapped2/
root@f2-vm:/# ls -al /idmapped2/
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 3 2000 2000 4096 Oct 28 13:34 .
drwxr-xr-x 31 root root 4096 Oct 28 13:39 ..
drwx------ 2 2000 2000 16384 Oct 28 13:34 lost+found
Let's create another example where we idmap the rootfs filesystem
without a mapping for uid 0 and gid 0:
# Create an idmapped mount of for a full POSIX range of rootfs under
# /mnt but without a mapping for uid 0 to reduce attack surface
root@f2-vm:/# ./mount-idmapped --map-mount b:1:1:65536 / /mnt/
# Since we don't have a mapping for uid and gid 0 all files owned by
# uid and gid 0 should show up as uid and gid 65534:
root@f2-vm:/# ls -al /mnt/
total 664
drwxr-xr-x 31 nobody nogroup 4096 Oct 28 13:39 .
drwxr-xr-x 31 root root 4096 Oct 28 13:39 ..
lrwxrwxrwx 1 nobody nogroup 7 Aug 25 07:44 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x 4 nobody nogroup 4096 Oct 28 13:17 boot
drwxr-xr-x 2 nobody nogroup 4096 Aug 25 07:48 dev
drwxr-xr-x 81 nobody nogroup 4096 Oct 28 04:00 etc
drwxr-xr-x 4 nobody nogroup 4096 Oct 28 04:00 home
lrwxrwxrwx 1 nobody nogroup 7 Aug 25 07:44 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx 1 nobody nogroup 9 Aug 25 07:44 lib32 -> usr/lib32
lrwxrwxrwx 1 nobody nogroup 9 Aug 25 07:44 lib64 -> usr/lib64
lrwxrwxrwx 1 nobody nogroup 10 Aug 25 07:44 libx32 -> usr/libx32
drwx------ 2 nobody nogroup 16384 Aug 25 07:47 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 2 nobody nogroup 4096 Aug 25 07:44 media
drwxr-xr-x 31 nobody nogroup 4096 Oct 28 13:39 mnt
drwxr-xr-x 2 nobody nogroup 4096 Aug 25 07:44 opt
drwxr-xr-x 2 nobody nogroup 4096 Apr 15 2020 proc
drwx--x--x 6 nobody nogroup 4096 Oct 28 13:34 root
drwxr-xr-x 2 nobody nogroup 4096 Aug 25 07:46 run
lrwxrwxrwx 1 nobody nogroup 8 Aug 25 07:44 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x 2 nobody nogroup 4096 Aug 25 07:44 srv
drwxr-xr-x 2 nobody nogroup 4096 Apr 15 2020 sys
drwxrwxrwt 10 nobody nogroup 4096 Oct 28 13:19 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 14 nobody nogroup 4096 Oct 20 13:00 usr
drwxr-xr-x 12 nobody nogroup 4096 Aug 25 07:45 var
# Since we do have a mapping for uid and gid 1000 all files owned by
# uid and gid 1000 should simply show up as uid and gid 1000:
root@f2-vm:/# ls -al /mnt/home/ubuntu/
total 40
drwxr-xr-x 3 ubuntu ubuntu 4096 Oct 28 00:43 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 nobody nogroup 4096 Oct 28 04:00 ..
-rw------- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 2936 Oct 28 12:26 .bash_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 220 Feb 25 2020 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 3771 Feb 25 2020 .bashrc
-rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 807 Feb 25 2020 .profile
-rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 0 Oct 16 16:11 .sudo_as_admin_successful
-rw------- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 1144 Oct 28 00:43 .viminfo
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210121131959.646623-39-christian.brauner@ubuntu.com
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: linux-ext4@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
The inode_owner_or_capable() helper determines whether the caller is the
owner of the inode or is capable with respect to that inode. Allow it to
handle idmapped mounts. If the inode is accessed through an idmapped
mount it according to the mount's user namespace. Afterwards the checks
are identical to non-idmapped mounts. If the initial user namespace is
passed nothing changes so non-idmapped mounts will see identical
behavior as before.
Similarly, allow the inode_init_owner() helper to handle idmapped
mounts. It initializes a new inode on idmapped mounts by mapping the
fsuid and fsgid of the caller from the mount's user namespace. If the
initial user namespace is passed nothing changes so non-idmapped mounts
will see identical behavior as before.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210121131959.646623-7-christian.brauner@ubuntu.com
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: James Morris <jamorris@linux.microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
fast_commit mode. In addition, thanks to Mauricio for fixing a race
where mmap'ed pages that are being changed in parallel with a
data=journal transaction commit could result in bad checksums in the
failure that could cause journal replays to fail. Also notable is
Ritesh's buffered write optimization which can result in significant
improvements on parallel write workloads. (The kernel test robot
reported a 330.6% improvement on fio.write_iops on a 96 core system
using DAX[1].)
Besides that, we have the usual miscellaneous cleanups and bug fixes.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200925071217.GO28663@shao2-debian
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Merge tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4
Pull ext4 updates from Ted Ts'o:
"The siginificant new ext4 feature this time around is Harshad's new
fast_commit mode.
In addition, thanks to Mauricio for fixing a race where mmap'ed pages
that are being changed in parallel with a data=journal transaction
commit could result in bad checksums in the failure that could cause
journal replays to fail.
Also notable is Ritesh's buffered write optimization which can result
in significant improvements on parallel write workloads. (The kernel
test robot reported a 330.6% improvement on fio.write_iops on a 96
core system using DAX)
Besides that, we have the usual miscellaneous cleanups and bug fixes"
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200925071217.GO28663@shao2-debian
* tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4: (46 commits)
ext4: fix invalid inode checksum
ext4: add fast commit stats in procfs
ext4: add a mount opt to forcefully turn fast commits on
ext4: fast commit recovery path
jbd2: fast commit recovery path
ext4: main fast-commit commit path
jbd2: add fast commit machinery
ext4 / jbd2: add fast commit initialization
ext4: add fast_commit feature and handling for extended mount options
doc: update ext4 and journalling docs to include fast commit feature
ext4: Detect already used quota file early
jbd2: avoid transaction reuse after reformatting
ext4: use the normal helper to get the actual inode
ext4: fix bs < ps issue reported with dioread_nolock mount opt
ext4: data=journal: write-protect pages on j_submit_inode_data_buffers()
ext4: data=journal: fixes for ext4_page_mkwrite()
jbd2, ext4, ocfs2: introduce/use journal callbacks j_submit|finish_inode_data_buffers()
jbd2: introduce/export functions jbd2_journal_submit|finish_inode_data_buffers()
ext4: introduce ext4_sb_bread_unmovable() to replace sb_bread_unmovable()
ext4: use ext4_sb_bread() instead of sb_bread()
...
This patch adds fast commit recovery path support for Ext4 file
system. We add several helper functions that are similar in spirit to
e2fsprogs journal recovery path handlers. Example of such functions
include - a simple block allocator, idempotent block bitmap update
function etc. Using these routines and the fast commit log in the fast
commit area, the recovery path (ext4_fc_replay()) performs fast commit
log recovery.
Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Harshad Shirwadkar <harshadshirwadkar@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201015203802.3597742-8-harshadshirwadkar@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Revome all open codes that read metadata buffers, switch to use
ext4_read_bh_*() common helpers.
Signed-off-by: zhangyi (F) <yi.zhang@huawei.com>
Suggested-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200924073337.861472-4-yi.zhang@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
The metadata buffer is no longer trusted after we read it from disk
again because it is not uptodate for some reasons (e.g. failed to write
back). Otherwise we may get below memory corruption problem in
ext4_ext_split()->memset() if we read stale data from the newly
allocated extent block on disk which has been failed to async write
out but miss verify again since the verified bit has already been set
on the buffer.
[ 29.774674] BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ffff88841949d000
...
[ 29.783317] Oops: 0002 [#2] SMP
[ 29.784219] R10: 00000000000f4240 R11: 0000000000002e28 R12: ffff88842fa1c800
[ 29.784627] CPU: 1 PID: 126 Comm: kworker/u4:3 Tainted: G D W
[ 29.785546] R13: ffffffff9cddcc20 R14: ffffffff9cddd420 R15: ffff88842fa1c2f8
[ 29.786679] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996),BIOS ?-20190727_0738364
[ 29.787588] FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff88842fa00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[ 29.789288] Workqueue: writeback wb_workfn
[ 29.790319] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[ 29.790321] (flush-8:0)
[ 29.790844] CR2: 0000000000000008 CR3: 00000004234f2000 CR4: 00000000000006f0
[ 29.791924] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
[ 29.792839] RIP: 0010:__memset+0x24/0x30
[ 29.793739] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
[ 29.794256] Code: 90 90 90 90 90 90 0f 1f 44 00 00 49 89 f9 48 89 d1 83 e2 07 48 c1 e9 033
[ 29.795161] Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception in interrupt
...
[ 29.808149] Call Trace:
[ 29.808475] ext4_ext_insert_extent+0x102e/0x1be0
[ 29.809085] ext4_ext_map_blocks+0xa89/0x1bb0
[ 29.809652] ext4_map_blocks+0x290/0x8a0
[ 29.809085] ext4_ext_map_blocks+0xa89/0x1bb0
[ 29.809652] ext4_map_blocks+0x290/0x8a0
[ 29.810161] ext4_writepages+0xc85/0x17c0
...
Fix this by clearing buffer's verified bit if we read meta block from
disk again.
Signed-off-by: zhangyi (F) <yi.zhang@huawei.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200924073337.861472-2-yi.zhang@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Convert ext4 to use the new functions fscrypt_prepare_new_inode() and
fscrypt_set_context(). This avoids calling
fscrypt_get_encryption_info() from within a transaction, which can
deadlock because fscrypt_get_encryption_info() isn't GFP_NOFS-safe.
For more details about this problem, see the earlier patch
"fscrypt: add fscrypt_prepare_new_inode() and fscrypt_set_context()".
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200917041136.178600-4-ebiggers@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
To compute a new inode's xattr credits, we need to know whether the
inode will be encrypted or not. When we switch to use the new helper
function fscrypt_prepare_new_inode(), we won't find out whether the
inode will be encrypted until slightly later than is currently the case.
That will require moving the code block that computes the xattr credits.
To make this easier and reduce the length of __ext4_new_inode(), move
this code block into a new function ext4_xattr_credits_for_new_inode().
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200917041136.178600-3-ebiggers@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
includes the per-inode DAX support, which was dependant on the DAX
infrastructure which came in via the XFS tree, and a number of
regression and bug fixes; most notably the "BUG: using
smp_processor_id() in preemptible code in ext4_mb_new_blocks" reported
by syzkaller.
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Merge tag 'ext4-for-linus-5.8-rc1-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4
Pull more ext4 updates from Ted Ts'o:
"This is the second round of ext4 commits for 5.8 merge window [1].
It includes the per-inode DAX support, which was dependant on the DAX
infrastructure which came in via the XFS tree, and a number of
regression and bug fixes; most notably the "BUG: using
smp_processor_id() in preemptible code in ext4_mb_new_blocks" reported
by syzkaller"
[1] The pull request actually came in 15 minutes after I had tagged the
rc1 release. Tssk, tssk, late.. - Linus
* tag 'ext4-for-linus-5.8-rc1-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4:
ext4, jbd2: ensure panic by fix a race between jbd2 abort and ext4 error handlers
ext4: support xattr gnu.* namespace for the Hurd
ext4: mballoc: Use this_cpu_read instead of this_cpu_ptr
ext4: avoid utf8_strncasecmp() with unstable name
ext4: stop overwrite the errcode in ext4_setup_super
ext4: fix partial cluster initialization when splitting extent
ext4: avoid race conditions when remounting with options that change dax
Documentation/dax: Update DAX enablement for ext4
fs/ext4: Introduce DAX inode flag
fs/ext4: Remove jflag variable
fs/ext4: Make DAX mount option a tri-state
fs/ext4: Only change S_DAX on inode load
fs/ext4: Update ext4_should_use_dax()
fs/ext4: Change EXT4_MOUNT_DAX to EXT4_MOUNT_DAX_ALWAYS
fs/ext4: Disallow verity if inode is DAX
fs/ext4: Narrow scope of DAX check in setflags
This adds the same per-file/per-directory DAX support for ext4 as was
done for xfs, now that we finally have consensus over what the
interface should be.
* Fix performance problems found in dioread_nolock now that it is the
default, caused by transaction leaks.
* Clean up fiemap handling in ext4
* Clean up and refactor multiple block allocator (mballoc) code
* Fix a problem with mballoc with a smaller file systems running out
of blocks because they couldn't properly use blocks that had been
reserved by inode preallocation.
* Fixed a race in ext4_sync_parent() versus rename()
* Simplify the error handling in the extent manipulation code
* Make sure all metadata I/O errors are felected to ext4_ext_dirty()'s and
ext4_make_inode_dirty()'s callers.
* Avoid passing an error pointer to brelse in ext4_xattr_set()
* Fix race which could result to freeing an inode on the dirty last
in data=journal mode.
* Fix refcount handling if ext4_iget() fails
* Fix a crash in generic/019 caused by a corrupted extent node
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Merge tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4
Pull ext4 updates from Ted Ts'o:
"A lot of bug fixes and cleanups for ext4, including:
- Fix performance problems found in dioread_nolock now that it is the
default, caused by transaction leaks.
- Clean up fiemap handling in ext4
- Clean up and refactor multiple block allocator (mballoc) code
- Fix a problem with mballoc with a smaller file systems running out
of blocks because they couldn't properly use blocks that had been
reserved by inode preallocation.
- Fixed a race in ext4_sync_parent() versus rename()
- Simplify the error handling in the extent manipulation code
- Make sure all metadata I/O errors are felected to
ext4_ext_dirty()'s and ext4_make_inode_dirty()'s callers.
- Avoid passing an error pointer to brelse in ext4_xattr_set()
- Fix race which could result to freeing an inode on the dirty last
in data=journal mode.
- Fix refcount handling if ext4_iget() fails
- Fix a crash in generic/019 caused by a corrupted extent node"
* tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4: (58 commits)
ext4: avoid unnecessary transaction starts during writeback
ext4: don't block for O_DIRECT if IOCB_NOWAIT is set
ext4: remove the access_ok() check in ext4_ioctl_get_es_cache
fs: remove the access_ok() check in ioctl_fiemap
fs: handle FIEMAP_FLAG_SYNC in fiemap_prep
fs: move fiemap range validation into the file systems instances
iomap: fix the iomap_fiemap prototype
fs: move the fiemap definitions out of fs.h
fs: mark __generic_block_fiemap static
ext4: remove the call to fiemap_check_flags in ext4_fiemap
ext4: split _ext4_fiemap
ext4: fix fiemap size checks for bitmap files
ext4: fix EXT4_MAX_LOGICAL_BLOCK macro
add comment for ext4_dir_entry_2 file_type member
jbd2: avoid leaking transaction credits when unreserving handle
ext4: drop ext4_journal_free_reserved()
ext4: mballoc: use lock for checking free blocks while retrying
ext4: mballoc: refactor ext4_mb_good_group()
ext4: mballoc: introduce pcpu seqcnt for freeing PA to improve ENOSPC handling
ext4: mballoc: refactor ext4_mb_discard_preallocations()
...
ext4_orphan_get() invokes ext4_read_inode_bitmap(), which returns a
reference of the specified buffer_head object to "bitmap_bh" with
increased refcnt.
When ext4_orphan_get() returns, local variable "bitmap_bh" becomes
invalid, so the refcount should be decreased to keep refcount balanced.
The reference counting issue happens in one exception handling path of
ext4_orphan_get(). When ext4_iget() fails, the function forgets to
decrease the refcnt increased by ext4_read_inode_bitmap(), causing a
refcnt leak.
Fix this issue by calling brelse() when ext4_iget() fails.
Signed-off-by: Xiyu Yang <xiyuyang19@fudan.edu.cn>
Signed-off-by: Xin Tan <tanxin.ctf@gmail.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/1587618568-13418-1-git-send-email-xiyuyang19@fudan.edu.cn
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
To prevent complications with in memory inodes we only set S_DAX on
inode load. FS_XFLAG_DAX can be changed at any time and S_DAX will
change after inode eviction and reload.
Add init bool to ext4_set_inode_flags() to indicate if the inode is
being newly initialized.
Assert that S_DAX is not set on an inode which is just being loaded.
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Ira Weiny <ira.weiny@intel.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200528150003.828793-6-ira.weiny@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
The argument isn't used by any caller, and drivers don't fill out
bi_sector for flush requests either.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Current wait times have proven to be too short to protect against inode
reuses that lead to metadata inconsistencies.
Now that we will retry the inode allocation if we can't find any
recently deleted inodes, it's a lot safer to increase the recently
deleted time from 5 seconds to a minute.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200414023925.273867-1-tytso@mit.edu
Google-Bug-Id: 36602237
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
The documentation comments for ext4_read_block_bitmap_nowait and
ext4_read_inode_bitmap describe them as returning NULL on error, but
they return an ERR_PTR on error; update the documentation to match.
The documentation comment for ext4_wait_block_bitmap describes it as
returning 1 on error, but it returns -errno on error; update the
documentation to match.
Signed-off-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Reviewed-by: Ritesh Harani <riteshh@linux.ibm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/60a3f4996f4932c45515aaa6b75ca42f2a78ec9b.1585512514.git.josh@joshtriplett.org
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Using a separate function, ext4_set_errno() to set the errno is
problematic because it doesn't do the right thing once
s_last_error_errorcode is non-zero. It's also less racy to set all of
the error information all at once. (Also, as a bonus, it shrinks code
size slightly.)
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200329020404.686965-1-tytso@mit.edu
Fixes: 878520ac45 ("ext4: save the error code which triggered...")
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
When ext4 is running on a filesystem without a journal, it tries not to
reuse recently deleted inodes to provide better chances for filesystem
recovery in case of crash. However this logic forbids reuse of freed
inodes for up to 5 minutes and especially for filesystems with smaller
number of inodes can lead to ENOSPC errors returned when allocating new
inodes.
Fix the problem by allowing to reuse recently deleted inode if there's
no other inode free in the scanned range.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200318121317.31941-1-jack@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
During an online resize an array of s_flex_groups structures gets replaced
so it can get enlarged. If there is a concurrent access to the array and
this memory has been reused then this can lead to an invalid memory access.
The s_flex_group array has been converted into an array of pointers rather
than an array of structures. This is to ensure that the information
contained in the structures cannot get out of sync during a resize due to
an accessor updating the value in the old structure after it has been
copied but before the array pointer is updated. Since the structures them-
selves are no longer copied but only the pointers to them this case is
mitigated.
Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=206443
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200221053458.730016-4-tytso@mit.edu
Signed-off-by: Suraj Jitindar Singh <surajjs@amazon.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
This allows the cause of an ext4_error() report to be categorized
based on whether it was triggered due to an I/O error, or an memory
allocation error, or other possible causes. Most errors are caused by
a detected file system inconsistency, so the default code stored in
the superblock will be EXT4_ERR_EFSCORRUPTED.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20191204032335.7683-1-tytso@mit.edu
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
It's possible that __ext4_new_inode will release the xattr block, so
it will trigger a warning since there is revoke credits will be 0 if
the handle == NULL. The below scripts can reproduce it easily.
------------[ cut here ]------------
WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 3861 at fs/jbd2/revoke.c:374 jbd2_journal_revoke+0x30e/0x540 fs/jbd2/revoke.c:374
...
__ext4_forget+0x1d7/0x800 fs/ext4/ext4_jbd2.c:248
ext4_free_blocks+0x213/0x1d60 fs/ext4/mballoc.c:4743
ext4_xattr_release_block+0x55b/0x780 fs/ext4/xattr.c:1254
ext4_xattr_block_set+0x1c2c/0x2c40 fs/ext4/xattr.c:2112
ext4_xattr_set_handle+0xa7e/0x1090 fs/ext4/xattr.c:2384
__ext4_set_acl+0x54d/0x6c0 fs/ext4/acl.c:214
ext4_init_acl+0x218/0x2e0 fs/ext4/acl.c:293
__ext4_new_inode+0x352a/0x42b0 fs/ext4/ialloc.c:1151
ext4_mkdir+0x2e9/0xbd0 fs/ext4/namei.c:2774
vfs_mkdir+0x386/0x5f0 fs/namei.c:3811
do_mkdirat+0x11c/0x210 fs/namei.c:3834
do_syscall_64+0xa1/0x530 arch/x86/entry/common.c:294
...
-------------------------------------
scripts:
mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb
mount /dev/vdb /mnt
cd /mnt && mkdir dir && for i in {1..8}; do setfacl -dm "u:user_"$i":rx" dir; done
mkdir dir/dir1 && mv dir/dir1 ./
sh repro.sh && add some user
[root@localhost ~]# cat repro.sh
while [ 1 -eq 1 ]; do
rm -rf dir
rm -rf dir1/dir1
mkdir dir
for i in {1..8}; do setfacl -dm "u:test"$i":rx" dir; done
setfacl -m "u:user_9:rx" dir &
mkdir dir1/dir1 &
done
Before exec repro.sh, dir1 has inherit the default acl from dir, and
xattr block of dir1 dir is not the same, so the h_refcount of these
two dir's xattr block will be 1. Then repro.sh can trigger the warning
with the situation show as below. The last h_refcount can be clear
with mkdir, and __ext4_new_inode has not reserved revoke credits, so
the warning will happened, fix it by reserve revoke credits in
__ext4_new_inode.
Thread 1 Thread 2
mkdir dir
set default acl(will create
a xattr block blk1 and the
refcount of ext4_xattr_header
will be 1)
...
mkdir dir1/dir1
->....->ext4_init_acl
->__ext4_set_acl(set default acl,
will reuse blk1, and h_refcount
will be 2)
setfacl->ext4_set_acl->...
->ext4_xattr_block_set(will create
new block blk2 to store xattr)
->__ext4_set_acl(set access acl, since
h_refcount of blk1 is 2, will create
blk3 to store xattr)
->ext4_xattr_release_block(dec
h_refcount of blk1 to 1)
->ext4_xattr_release_block(dec
h_refcount and since it is 0,
will release the block and trigger
the warning)
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20191213014900.47228-1-yangerkun@huawei.com
Reported-by: Hulk Robot <hulkci@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: yangerkun <yangerkun@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Commit 8fcc3a5806 ("ext4: rework reserved cluster accounting when
invalidating pages") moved freeing of delayed allocation reservations
from dirty page invalidation time to time when we evict corresponding
status extent from extent status tree. For inodes which don't have any
blocks allocated this may actually happen only in ext4_clear_blocks()
which is after we've dropped references to quota structures from the
inode. Thus reservation of quota leaked. Fix the problem by clearing
quota information from the inode only after evicting extent status tree
in ext4_clear_inode().
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20191108115420.GI20863@quack2.suse.cz
Reported-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Fixes: 8fcc3a5806 ("ext4: rework reserved cluster accounting when invalidating pages")
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
So far we have reserved only relatively high fixed amount of revoke
credits for each transaction. We over-reserved by large amount for most
cases but when freeing large directories or files with data journalling,
the fixed amount is not enough. In fact the worst case estimate is
inconveniently large (maximum extent size) for freeing of one extent.
We fix this by doing proper estimate of the amount of blocks that need
to be revoked when removing blocks from the inode due to truncate or
hole punching and otherwise reserve just a small amount of revoke
credits for each transaction to accommodate freeing of xattrs block or
so.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20191105164437.32602-23-jack@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
This patch implements the actual support for case-insensitive file name
lookups in ext4, based on the feature bit and the encoding stored in the
superblock.
A filesystem that has the casefold feature set is able to configure
directories with the +F (EXT4_CASEFOLD_FL) attribute, enabling lookups
to succeed in that directory in a case-insensitive fashion, i.e: match
a directory entry even if the name used by userspace is not a byte per
byte match with the disk name, but is an equivalent case-insensitive
version of the Unicode string. This operation is called a
case-insensitive file name lookup.
The feature is configured as an inode attribute applied to directories
and inherited by its children. This attribute can only be enabled on
empty directories for filesystems that support the encoding feature,
thus preventing collision of file names that only differ by case.
* dcache handling:
For a +F directory, Ext4 only stores the first equivalent name dentry
used in the dcache. This is done to prevent unintentional duplication of
dentries in the dcache, while also allowing the VFS code to quickly find
the right entry in the cache despite which equivalent string was used in
a previous lookup, without having to resort to ->lookup().
d_hash() of casefolded directories is implemented as the hash of the
casefolded string, such that we always have a well-known bucket for all
the equivalencies of the same string. d_compare() uses the
utf8_strncasecmp() infrastructure, which handles the comparison of
equivalent, same case, names as well.
For now, negative lookups are not inserted in the dcache, since they
would need to be invalidated anyway, because we can't trust missing file
dentries. This is bad for performance but requires some leveraging of
the vfs layer to fix. We can live without that for now, and so does
everyone else.
* on-disk data:
Despite using a specific version of the name as the internal
representation within the dcache, the name stored and fetched from the
disk is a byte-per-byte match with what the user requested, making this
implementation 'name-preserving'. i.e. no actual information is lost
when writing to storage.
DX is supported by modifying the hashes used in +F directories to make
them case/encoding-aware. The new disk hashes are calculated as the
hash of the full casefolded string, instead of the string directly.
This allows us to efficiently search for file names in the htree without
requiring the user to provide an exact name.
* Dealing with invalid sequences:
By default, when a invalid UTF-8 sequence is identified, ext4 will treat
it as an opaque byte sequence, ignoring the encoding and reverting to
the old behavior for that unique file. This means that case-insensitive
file name lookup will not work only for that file. An optional bit can
be set in the superblock telling the filesystem code and userspace tools
to enforce the encoding. When that optional bit is set, any attempt to
create a file name using an invalid UTF-8 sequence will fail and return
an error to userspace.
* Normalization algorithm:
The UTF-8 algorithms used to compare strings in ext4 is implemented
lives in fs/unicode, and is based on a previous version developed by
SGI. It implements the Canonical decomposition (NFD) algorithm
described by the Unicode specification 12.1, or higher, combined with
the elimination of ignorable code points (NFDi) and full
case-folding (CF) as documented in fs/unicode/utf8_norm.c.
NFD seems to be the best normalization method for EXT4 because:
- It has a lower cost than NFC/NFKC (which requires
decomposing to NFD as an intermediary step)
- It doesn't eliminate important semantic meaning like
compatibility decompositions.
Although:
- This implementation is not completely linguistic accurate, because
different languages have conflicting rules, which would require the
specialization of the filesystem to a given locale, which brings all
sorts of problems for removable media and for users who use more than
one language.
Signed-off-by: Gabriel Krisman Bertazi <krisman@collabora.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
This commit removes the ext4 specific ext4_encrypted_inode() and makes
use of the generic IS_ENCRYPTED() macro to check for the encryption
status of an inode.
Reviewed-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Chandan Rajendra <chandan@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
If we receive a file handle, either from NFS or open_by_handle_at(2),
and it points at an inode which has not been initialized, and the file
system has metadata checksums enabled, we shouldn't try to get the
inode, discover the checksum is invalid, and then declare the file
system as being inconsistent.
This can be reproduced by creating a test file system via "mke2fs -t
ext4 -O metadata_csum /tmp/foo.img 8M", mounting it, cd'ing into that
directory, and then running the following program.
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <fcntl.h>
struct handle {
struct file_handle fh;
unsigned char fid[MAX_HANDLE_SZ];
};
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
struct handle h = {{8, 1 }, { 12, }};
open_by_handle_at(AT_FDCWD, &h.fh, O_RDONLY);
return 0;
}
Google-Bug-Id: 120690101
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Out of memory should not be considered as critical errors; so replace
ext4_error() with ext4_warnig().
Signed-off-by: Wang Shilong <wshilong@ddn.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
This is the last missing piece for the inode times on 32-bit systems:
now that VFS interfaces use timespec64, we just need to stop truncating
the tv_sec values for y2038 compatibililty.
Reviewed-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Commit 8844618d8a: "ext4: only look at the bg_flags field if it is
valid" will complain if block group zero does not have the
EXT4_BG_INODE_ZEROED flag set. Unfortunately, this is not correct,
since a freshly created file system has this flag cleared. It gets
almost immediately after the file system is mounted read-write --- but
the following somewhat unlikely sequence will end up triggering a
false positive report of a corrupted file system:
mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdc
mount -o ro /dev/vdc /vdc
mount -o remount,rw /dev/vdc
Instead, when initializing the inode table for block group zero, test
to make sure that itable_unused count is not too large, since that is
the case that will result in some or all of the reserved inodes
getting cleared.
This fixes the failures reported by Eric Whiteney when running
generic/230 and generic/231 in the the nojournal test case.
Fixes: 8844618d8a ("ext4: only look at the bg_flags field if it is valid")
Reported-by: Eric Whitney <enwlinux@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
With commit 044e6e3d74: "ext4: don't update checksum of new
initialized bitmaps" the buffer valid bit will get set without
actually setting up the checksum for the allocation bitmap, since the
checksum will get calculated once we actually allocate an inode or
block.
If we are doing this, then we need to (re-)check the verified bit
after we take the block group lock. Otherwise, we could race with
another process reading and verifying the bitmap, which would then
complain about the checksum being invalid.
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1780137
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
maliciously crafted file system image can result in a kernel OOPS or
hang. At least one fix addresses an inline data bug could be
triggered by userspace without the need of a crafted file system
(although it does require that the inline data feature be enabled).
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Merge tag 'ext4_for_linus_stable' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4
Pull ext4 bugfixes from Ted Ts'o:
"Bug fixes for ext4; most of which relate to vulnerabilities where a
maliciously crafted file system image can result in a kernel OOPS or
hang.
At least one fix addresses an inline data bug could be triggered by
userspace without the need of a crafted file system (although it does
require that the inline data feature be enabled)"
* tag 'ext4_for_linus_stable' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4:
ext4: check superblock mapped prior to committing
ext4: add more mount time checks of the superblock
ext4: add more inode number paranoia checks
ext4: avoid running out of journal credits when appending to an inline file
jbd2: don't mark block as modified if the handle is out of credits
ext4: never move the system.data xattr out of the inode body
ext4: clear i_data in ext4_inode_info when removing inline data
ext4: include the illegal physical block in the bad map ext4_error msg
ext4: verify the depth of extent tree in ext4_find_extent()
ext4: only look at the bg_flags field if it is valid
ext4: make sure bitmaps and the inode table don't overlap with bg descriptors
ext4: always check block group bounds in ext4_init_block_bitmap()
ext4: always verify the magic number in xattr blocks
ext4: add corruption check in ext4_xattr_set_entry()
ext4: add warn_on_error mount option
This is a late set of changes from Deepa Dinamani doing an automated
treewide conversion of the inode and iattr structures from 'timespec'
to 'timespec64', to push the conversion from the VFS layer into the
individual file systems.
There were no conflicts between this and the contents of linux-next
until just before the merge window, when we saw multiple problems:
- A minor conflict with my own y2038 fixes, which I could address
by adding another patch on top here.
- One semantic conflict with late changes to the NFS tree. I addressed
this by merging Deepa's original branch on top of the changes that
now got merged into mainline and making sure the merge commit includes
the necessary changes as produced by coccinelle.
- A trivial conflict against the removal of staging/lustre.
- Multiple conflicts against the VFS changes in the overlayfs tree.
These are still part of linux-next, but apparently this is no longer
intended for 4.18 [1], so I am ignoring that part.
As Deepa writes:
The series aims to switch vfs timestamps to use struct timespec64.
Currently vfs uses struct timespec, which is not y2038 safe.
The series involves the following:
1. Add vfs helper functions for supporting struct timepec64 timestamps.
2. Cast prints of vfs timestamps to avoid warnings after the switch.
3. Simplify code using vfs timestamps so that the actual
replacement becomes easy.
4. Convert vfs timestamps to use struct timespec64 using a script.
This is a flag day patch.
Next steps:
1. Convert APIs that can handle timespec64, instead of converting
timestamps at the boundaries.
2. Update internal data structures to avoid timestamp conversions.
Thomas Gleixner adds:
I think there is no point to drag that out for the next merge window.
The whole thing needs to be done in one go for the core changes which
means that you're going to play that catchup game forever. Let's get
over with it towards the end of the merge window.
[1] https://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-fsdevel/msg128294.html
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Merge tag 'vfs-timespec64' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/playground
Pull inode timestamps conversion to timespec64 from Arnd Bergmann:
"This is a late set of changes from Deepa Dinamani doing an automated
treewide conversion of the inode and iattr structures from 'timespec'
to 'timespec64', to push the conversion from the VFS layer into the
individual file systems.
As Deepa writes:
'The series aims to switch vfs timestamps to use struct timespec64.
Currently vfs uses struct timespec, which is not y2038 safe.
The series involves the following:
1. Add vfs helper functions for supporting struct timepec64
timestamps.
2. Cast prints of vfs timestamps to avoid warnings after the switch.
3. Simplify code using vfs timestamps so that the actual replacement
becomes easy.
4. Convert vfs timestamps to use struct timespec64 using a script.
This is a flag day patch.
Next steps:
1. Convert APIs that can handle timespec64, instead of converting
timestamps at the boundaries.
2. Update internal data structures to avoid timestamp conversions'
Thomas Gleixner adds:
'I think there is no point to drag that out for the next merge
window. The whole thing needs to be done in one go for the core
changes which means that you're going to play that catchup game
forever. Let's get over with it towards the end of the merge window'"
* tag 'vfs-timespec64' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/playground:
pstore: Remove bogus format string definition
vfs: change inode times to use struct timespec64
pstore: Convert internal records to timespec64
udf: Simplify calls to udf_disk_stamp_to_time
fs: nfs: get rid of memcpys for inode times
ceph: make inode time prints to be long long
lustre: Use long long type to print inode time
fs: add timespec64_truncate()
The bg_flags field in the block group descripts is only valid if the
uninit_bg or metadata_csum feature is enabled. We were not
consistently looking at this field; fix this.
Also block group #0 must never have uninitialized allocation bitmaps,
or need to be zeroed, since that's where the root inode, and other
special inodes are set up. Check for these conditions and mark the
file system as corrupted if they are detected.
This addresses CVE-2018-10876.
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199403
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
