While testing the new macros for working with 48 bit containers,
I faced a weird problem:
32 + 16: 0x2ef6e8da 0x79e60000
48: 0xffffe8da + 0x79e60000
All the bits starting from the 32nd were getting 1d in 9/10 cases.
The debug showed:
p[0]: 0x00002e0000000000
p[1]: 0x00002ef600000000
p[2]: 0xffffffffe8000000
p[3]: 0xffffffffe8da0000
p[4]: 0xffffffffe8da7900
p[5]: 0xffffffffe8da79e6
that the value becomes a garbage after the third OR, i.e. on
`p[2] << 24`.
When the 31st bit is 1 and there's no explicit cast to an unsigned,
it's being considered as a signed int and getting sign-extended on
OR, so `e8000000` becomes `ffffffffe8000000` and messes up the
result.
Cast the @p[2] to u64 as well to avoid this. Now:
32 + 16: 0x7ef6a490 0xddc10000
48: 0x7ef6a490 + 0xddc10000
p[0]: 0x00007e0000000000
p[1]: 0x00007ef600000000
p[2]: 0x00007ef6a4000000
p[3]: 0x00007ef6a4900000
p[4]: 0x00007ef6a490dd00
p[5]: 0x00007ef6a490ddc1
Fixes: c2ea5fcf53 ("asm-generic: introduce be48 unaligned accessors")
Signed-off-by: Alexander Lobakin <alobakin@pm.me>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220412215220.75677-1-alobakin@pm.me
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
The NVMe protocol extended the data integrity fields with unaligned
48-bit reference tags. Provide some helper accessors in
preparation for these.
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <kch@nvidia.com>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220303201312.3255347-4-kbusch@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
The get_unaligned()/put_unaligned() implementations are much more complex
than necessary, now that all architectures use the same code.
Move everything into one file and use a much more compact way to express
the same logic.
I've compared the binary output using gcc-11 across defconfig builds for
all architectures and found this patch to make no difference, except for
a single function on powerpc that needs two additional register moves
because of random differences in register allocation.
There are a handful of callers of the low-level __get_unaligned_cpu32,
so leave that in place for the time being even though the common code
no longer uses it.
This adds a warning for any caller of get_unaligned()/put_unaligned()
that passes in a single-byte pointer, but I've sent patches for all
instances that show up in x86 and randconfig builds. It would be nice
to change the arguments of the endian-specific accessors to take the
matching __be16/__be32/__be64/__le16/__le32/__le64 arguments instead of
a void pointer, but that requires more changes to the rest of the kernel.
This new version does allow aggregate types into get_unaligned(), which
was not the original goal but might come in handy.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
As found by Vineet Gupta and Linus Torvalds, gcc has somewhat unexpected
behavior when faced with overlapping unaligned pointers. The kernel's
unaligned/access-ok.h header technically invokes undefined behavior
that happens to usually work on the architectures using it, but if the
compiler optimizes code based on the assumption that undefined behavior
doesn't happen, it can create output that actually causes data corruption.
A related problem was previously found on 32-bit ARMv7, where most
instructions can be used on unaligned data, but 64-bit ldrd/strd causes
an exception. The workaround was to always use the unaligned/le_struct.h
helper instead of unaligned/access-ok.h, in commit 1cce91dfc8 ("ARM:
8715/1: add a private asm/unaligned.h").
The same solution should work on all other architectures as well, so
remove the access-ok.h variant and use the other one unconditionally on
all architectures, picking either the big-endian or little-endian version.
With this, the arm specific header can be removed as well, and the
only file including linux/unaligned/access_ok.h gets moved to including
the normal file.
Fortunately, this made almost no difference to the object code produced
by gcc-11. On x86, s390, powerpc, and arc, the resulting binary appears
to be identical to the previous version, while on arm64 and m68k there
are minimal differences that looks like an optimization pass went into
a different direction, usually using fewer stack spills on the new
version.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Link: https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=100363
In theory, compilers should be able to work this out themselves so we
can use a simpler version based on the swab() helpers.
I have verified that this works on all supported compiler versions
(gcc-4.9 and up, clang-10 and up). Looking at the object code produced by
gcc-11, I found that the impact is mostly a change in inlining decisions
that lead to slightly larger code.
In other cases, this version produces explicit byte swaps in place of
separate byte access, or comparing against pre-swapped constants.
While the source code is clearly simpler, I have not seen an indication
of the new version actually producing better code on Arm, so maybe
we want to skip this after all. From what I can tell, gcc recognizes
the byteswap pattern in the byteshift.h header and can turn it into
explicit instructions, but it does not turn a __builtin_bswap32() back
into individual bytes when that would result in better output, e.g.
when storing a byte-reversed constant.
Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
These are all kernel internal interfaces that get copied
around a lot. In most cases, architectures can provide
their own optimized versions, but these generic versions
can work as well.
I have tried to use the most common contents of each
header to allow existing architectures to migrate easily.
Thanks to Remis for suggesting a number of cleanups.
Signed-off-by: Remis Lima Baima <remis.developer@googlemail.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Unaligned access is ok for the following arches:
cris, m68k, mn10300, powerpc, s390, x86
Arches that use the memmove implementation for native endian, and
the byteshifting for the opposite endianness.
h8300, m32r, xtensa
Packed struct for native endian, byteshifting for other endian:
alpha, blackfin, ia64, parisc, sparc, sparc64, mips, sh
m86knommu is generic_be for Coldfire, otherwise unaligned access is ok.
frv, arm chooses endianness based on compiler settings, uses the byteshifting
versions. Remove the unaligned trap handler from frv as it is now unused.
v850 is le, uses the byteshifting versions for both be and le.
Remove the now unused asm-generic implementation.
Signed-off-by: Harvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Use "__val" rather than "val" in the __get_unaligned macro in
asm-generic/unaligned.h. This way gcc wont warn if you happen to also name
something in the same scope "val".
Signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Verify that types would match for assignment (under sizeof, so we are safe from
side effects or any code actually getting generated), then explicitly cast
everywhere to the fixed-sized types. Kills a bunch of bogus warnings about
constants being truncated (gcc, sparse), finds a pile of endianness problems
hidden by old noise (sparse).
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If the 'ptr' is a const, this code cause "assignment of read-only variable"
error on gcc 4.x.
Use __u64 instead of __typeof__(*(ptr)) for temporary variable to get
rid of errors on gcc 4.x.
Signed-off-by: Atsushi Nemoto <anemo@mba.ocn.ne.jp>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
I've rewriten Atushi's fix for the 64-bit put_unaligned on 32-bit systems
bug to generate more efficient code.
This case has buzilla URL http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=5138.
Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Turns __get_unaligned() and __put_unaligned into macros. That is
definitely safe; leaving them as inlines breaks on e.g. alpha [try to
build ncpfs there and you'll get unresolved symbols since we end up
getting __get_unaligned() not inlined].
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@parcelfarce.linux.theplanet.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
