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13461 Commits
| Author | SHA1 | Message | Date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Linus Torvalds
|
9183e033ec |
for-6.12-rc6-tag
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Merge tag 'for-6.12-rc6-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kdave/linux
Pull btrfs fixes from David Sterba:
"A few more one-liners that fix some user visible problems:
- use correct range when clearing qgroup reservations after COW
- properly reset freed delayed ref list head
- fix ro/rw subvolume mounts to be backward compatible with old and
new mount API"
* tag 'for-6.12-rc6-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kdave/linux:
btrfs: fix the length of reserved qgroup to free
btrfs: reinitialize delayed ref list after deleting it from the list
btrfs: fix per-subvolume RO/RW flags with new mount API
|
||
Haisu Wang
|
2b084d8205 |
btrfs: fix the length of reserved qgroup to free
The dealloc flag may be cleared and the extent won't reach the disk in cow_file_range when errors path. The reserved qgroup space is freed in commit |
||
Filipe Manana
|
c9a75ec45f |
btrfs: reinitialize delayed ref list after deleting it from the list
At insert_delayed_ref() if we need to update the action of an existing
ref to BTRFS_DROP_DELAYED_REF, we delete the ref from its ref head's
ref_add_list using list_del(), which leaves the ref's add_list member
not reinitialized, as list_del() sets the next and prev members of the
list to LIST_POISON1 and LIST_POISON2, respectively.
If later we end up calling drop_delayed_ref() against the ref, which can
happen during merging or when destroying delayed refs due to a transaction
abort, we can trigger a crash since at drop_delayed_ref() we call
list_empty() against the ref's add_list, which returns false since
the list was not reinitialized after the list_del() and as a consequence
we call list_del() again at drop_delayed_ref(). This results in an
invalid list access since the next and prev members are set to poison
pointers, resulting in a splat if CONFIG_LIST_HARDENED and
CONFIG_DEBUG_LIST are set or invalid poison pointer dereferences
otherwise.
So fix this by deleting from the list with list_del_init() instead.
Fixes:
|
||
Qu Wenruo
|
cda7163d4e |
btrfs: fix per-subvolume RO/RW flags with new mount API
[BUG]
With util-linux 2.40.2, the 'mount' utility is already utilizing the new
mount API. e.g:
# strace mount -o subvol=subv1,ro /dev/test/scratch1 /mnt/test/
...
fsconfig(3, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "source", "/dev/mapper/test-scratch1", 0) = 0
fsconfig(3, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "subvol", "subv1", 0) = 0
fsconfig(3, FSCONFIG_SET_FLAG, "ro", NULL, 0) = 0
fsconfig(3, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0) = 0
fsmount(3, FSMOUNT_CLOEXEC, 0) = 4
mount_setattr(4, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, {attr_set=MOUNT_ATTR_RDONLY, attr_clr=0, propagation=0 /* MS_??? */, userns_fd=0}, 32) = 0
move_mount(4, "", AT_FDCWD, "/mnt/test", MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH) = 0
But this leads to a new problem, that per-subvolume RO/RW mount no
longer works, if the initial mount is RO:
# mount -o subvol=subv1,ro /dev/test/scratch1 /mnt/test
# mount -o rw,subvol=subv2 /dev/test/scratch1 /mnt/scratch
# mount | grep mnt
/dev/mapper/test-scratch1 on /mnt/test type btrfs (ro,relatime,discard=async,space_cache=v2,subvolid=256,subvol=/subv1)
/dev/mapper/test-scratch1 on /mnt/scratch type btrfs (ro,relatime,discard=async,space_cache=v2,subvolid=257,subvol=/subv2)
# touch /mnt/scratch/foobar
touch: cannot touch '/mnt/scratch/foobar': Read-only file system
This is a common use cases on distros.
[CAUSE]
We have a workaround for remount to handle the RO->RW change, but if the
mount is using the new mount API, we do not do that, and rely on the
mount tool NOT to set the ro flag.
But that's not how the mount tool is doing for the new API:
fsconfig(3, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "source", "/dev/mapper/test-scratch1", 0) = 0
fsconfig(3, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "subvol", "subv1", 0) = 0
fsconfig(3, FSCONFIG_SET_FLAG, "ro", NULL, 0) = 0 <<<< Setting RO flag for super block
fsconfig(3, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0) = 0
fsmount(3, FSMOUNT_CLOEXEC, 0) = 4
mount_setattr(4, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, {attr_set=MOUNT_ATTR_RDONLY, attr_clr=0, propagation=0 /* MS_??? */, userns_fd=0}, 32) = 0
move_mount(4, "", AT_FDCWD, "/mnt/test", MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH) = 0
This means we will set the super block RO at the first mount.
Later RW mount will not try to reconfigure the fs to RW because the
mount tool is already using the new API.
This totally breaks the per-subvolume RO/RW mount behavior.
[FIX]
Do not skip the reconfiguration even if using the new API. The old
comments are just expecting any mount tool to properly skip the RO flag
set even if we specify "ro", which is not the reality.
Update the comments regarding the backward compatibility on the kernel
level so it works with old and new mount utilities.
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org # 6.8+
Fixes:
|
||
|
Linus Torvalds
|
6b4926494e |
for-6.12-rc5-tag
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||
|
Filipe Manana
|
77b0d113ee |
btrfs: fix defrag not merging contiguous extents due to merged extent maps
When running defrag (manual defrag) against a file that has extents that
are contiguous and we already have the respective extent maps loaded and
merged, we end up not defragging the range covered by those contiguous
extents. This happens when we have an extent map that was the result of
merging multiple extent maps for contiguous extents and the length of the
merged extent map is greater than or equals to the defrag threshold
length.
The script below reproduces this scenario:
$ cat test.sh
#!/bin/bash
DEV=/dev/sdi
MNT=/mnt/sdi
mkfs.btrfs -f $DEV
mount $DEV $MNT
# Create a 256K file with 4 extents of 64K each.
xfs_io -f -c "falloc 0 64K" \
-c "pwrite 0 64K" \
-c "falloc 64K 64K" \
-c "pwrite 64K 64K" \
-c "falloc 128K 64K" \
-c "pwrite 128K 64K" \
-c "falloc 192K 64K" \
-c "pwrite 192K 64K" \
$MNT/foo
umount $MNT
echo -n "Initial number of file extent items: "
btrfs inspect-internal dump-tree -t 5 $DEV | grep EXTENT_DATA | wc -l
mount $DEV $MNT
# Read the whole file in order to load and merge extent maps.
cat $MNT/foo > /dev/null
btrfs filesystem defragment -t 128K $MNT/foo
umount $MNT
echo -n "Number of file extent items after defrag with 128K threshold: "
btrfs inspect-internal dump-tree -t 5 $DEV | grep EXTENT_DATA | wc -l
mount $DEV $MNT
# Read the whole file in order to load and merge extent maps.
cat $MNT/foo > /dev/null
btrfs filesystem defragment -t 256K $MNT/foo
umount $MNT
echo -n "Number of file extent items after defrag with 256K threshold: "
btrfs inspect-internal dump-tree -t 5 $DEV | grep EXTENT_DATA | wc -l
Running it:
$ ./test.sh
Initial number of file extent items: 4
Number of file extent items after defrag with 128K threshold: 4
Number of file extent items after defrag with 256K threshold: 4
The 4 extents don't get merged because we have an extent map with a size
of 256K that is the result of merging the individual extent maps for each
of the four 64K extents and at defrag_lookup_extent() we have a value of
zero for the generation threshold ('newer_than' argument) since this is a
manual defrag. As a consequence we don't call defrag_get_extent() to get
an extent map representing a single file extent item in the inode's
subvolume tree, so we end up using the merged extent map at
defrag_collect_targets() and decide not to defrag.
Fix this by updating defrag_lookup_extent() to always discard extent maps
that were merged and call defrag_get_extent() regardless of the minimum
generation threshold ('newer_than' argument).
A test case for fstests will be sent along soon.
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org # 6.1+
Fixes:
|
||
|
Filipe Manana
|
a0f0625390 |
btrfs: fix extent map merging not happening for adjacent extents
If we have 3 or more adjacent extents in a file, that is, consecutive file
extent items pointing to adjacent extents, within a contiguous file range
and compatible flags, we end up not merging all the extents into a single
extent map.
For example:
$ mkfs.btrfs -f /dev/sdc
$ mount /dev/sdc /mnt/sdc
$ xfs_io -f -d -c "pwrite -b 64K 0 64K" \
-c "pwrite -b 64K 64K 64K" \
-c "pwrite -b 64K 128K 64K" \
-c "pwrite -b 64K 192K 64K" \
/mnt/sdc/foo
After all the ordered extents complete we unpin the extent maps and try
to merge them, but instead of getting a single extent map we get two
because:
1) When the first ordered extent completes (file range [0, 64K)) we
unpin its extent map and attempt to merge it with the extent map for
the range [64K, 128K), but we can't because that extent map is still
pinned;
2) When the second ordered extent completes (file range [64K, 128K)), we
unpin its extent map and merge it with the previous extent map, for
file range [0, 64K), but we can't merge with the next extent map, for
the file range [128K, 192K), because this one is still pinned.
The merged extent map for the file range [0, 128K) gets the flag
EXTENT_MAP_MERGED set;
3) When the third ordered extent completes (file range [128K, 192K)), we
unpin its extent map and attempt to merge it with the previous extent
map, for file range [0, 128K), but we can't because that extent map
has the flag EXTENT_MAP_MERGED set (mergeable_maps() returns false
due to different flags) while the extent map for the range [128K, 192K)
doesn't have that flag set.
We also can't merge it with the next extent map, for file range
[192K, 256K), because that one is still pinned.
At this moment we have 3 extent maps:
One for file range [0, 128K), with the flag EXTENT_MAP_MERGED set.
One for file range [128K, 192K).
One for file range [192K, 256K) which is still pinned;
4) When the fourth and final extent completes (file range [192K, 256K)),
we unpin its extent map and attempt to merge it with the previous
extent map, for file range [128K, 192K), which succeeds since none
of these extent maps have the EXTENT_MAP_MERGED flag set.
So we end up with 2 extent maps:
One for file range [0, 128K), with the flag EXTENT_MAP_MERGED set.
One for file range [128K, 256K), with the flag EXTENT_MAP_MERGED set.
Since after merging extent maps we don't attempt to merge again, that
is, merge the resulting extent map with the one that is now preceding
it (and the one following it), we end up with those two extent maps,
when we could have had a single extent map to represent the whole file.
Fix this by making mergeable_maps() ignore the EXTENT_MAP_MERGED flag.
While this doesn't present any functional issue, it prevents the merging
of extent maps which allows to save memory, and can make defrag not
merging extents too (that will be addressed in the next patch).
Fixes:
|
||
Zhihao Cheng
|
aec8e6bf83 |
btrfs: fix use-after-free of block device file in __btrfs_free_extra_devids()
Mounting btrfs from two images (which have the same one fsid and two
different dev_uuids) in certain executing order may trigger an UAF for
variable 'device->bdev_file' in __btrfs_free_extra_devids(). And
following are the details:
1. Attach image_1 to loop0, attach image_2 to loop1, and scan btrfs
devices by ioctl(BTRFS_IOC_SCAN_DEV):
/ btrfs_device_1 → loop0
fs_device
\ btrfs_device_2 → loop1
2. mount /dev/loop0 /mnt
btrfs_open_devices
btrfs_device_1->bdev_file = btrfs_get_bdev_and_sb(loop0)
btrfs_device_2->bdev_file = btrfs_get_bdev_and_sb(loop1)
btrfs_fill_super
open_ctree
fail: btrfs_close_devices // -ENOMEM
btrfs_close_bdev(btrfs_device_1)
fput(btrfs_device_1->bdev_file)
// btrfs_device_1->bdev_file is freed
btrfs_close_bdev(btrfs_device_2)
fput(btrfs_device_2->bdev_file)
3. mount /dev/loop1 /mnt
btrfs_open_devices
btrfs_get_bdev_and_sb(&bdev_file)
// EIO, btrfs_device_1->bdev_file is not assigned,
// which points to a freed memory area
btrfs_device_2->bdev_file = btrfs_get_bdev_and_sb(loop1)
btrfs_fill_super
open_ctree
btrfs_free_extra_devids
if (btrfs_device_1->bdev_file)
fput(btrfs_device_1->bdev_file) // UAF !
Fix it by setting 'device->bdev_file' as 'NULL' after closing the
btrfs_device in btrfs_close_one_device().
Fixes:
|
||
|
Linus Torvalds
|
4e46774408 |
for-6.12-rc4-tag
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Merge tag 'for-6.12-rc4-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kdave/linux
Pull btrfs fixes from David Sterba:
- mount option fixes:
- fix handling of compression mount options on remount
- reject rw remount in case there are options that don't work
in read-write mode (like rescue options)
- fix zone accounting of unusable space
- fix in-memory corruption when merging extent maps
- fix delalloc range locking for sector < page
- use more convenient default value of drop subtree threshold, clean
more subvolumes without the fallback to marking quotas inconsistent
- fix smatch warning about incorrect value passed to ERR_PTR
* tag 'for-6.12-rc4-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kdave/linux:
btrfs: fix passing 0 to ERR_PTR in btrfs_search_dir_index_item()
btrfs: reject ro->rw reconfiguration if there are hard ro requirements
btrfs: fix read corruption due to race with extent map merging
btrfs: fix the delalloc range locking if sector size < page size
btrfs: qgroup: set a more sane default value for subtree drop threshold
btrfs: clear force-compress on remount when compress mount option is given
btrfs: zoned: fix zone unusable accounting for freed reserved extent
|
||
Naohiro Aota
|
d48e1dea39 |
btrfs: fix error propagation of split bios
The purpose of btrfs_bbio_propagate_error() shall be propagating an error
of split bio to its original btrfs_bio, and tell the error to the upper
layer. However, it's not working well on some cases.
* Case 1. Immediate (or quick) end_bio with an error
When btrfs sends btrfs_bio to mirrored devices, btrfs calls
btrfs_bio_end_io() when all the mirroring bios are completed. If that
btrfs_bio was split, it is from btrfs_clone_bioset and its end_io function
is btrfs_orig_write_end_io. For this case, btrfs_bbio_propagate_error()
accesses the orig_bbio's bio context to increase the error count.
That works well in most cases. However, if the end_io is called enough
fast, orig_bbio's (remaining part after split) bio context may not be
properly set at that time. Since the bio context is set when the orig_bbio
(the last btrfs_bio) is sent to devices, that might be too late for earlier
split btrfs_bio's completion. That will result in NULL pointer
dereference.
That bug is easily reproducible by running btrfs/146 on zoned devices [1]
and it shows the following trace.
[1] You need raid-stripe-tree feature as it create "-d raid0 -m raid1" FS.
BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000020
#PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
#PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page
PGD 0 P4D 0
Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP PTI
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 13 Comm: kworker/u32:1 Not tainted 6.11.0-rc7-BTRFS-ZNS+ #474
Hardware name: Bochs Bochs, BIOS Bochs 01/01/2011
Workqueue: writeback wb_workfn (flush-btrfs-5)
RIP: 0010:btrfs_bio_end_io+0xae/0xc0 [btrfs]
BTRFS error (device dm-0): bdev /dev/mapper/error-test errs: wr 2, rd 0, flush 0, corrupt 0, gen 0
RSP: 0018:ffffc9000006f248 EFLAGS: 00010246
RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff888005a7f080 RCX: ffffc9000006f1dc
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 000000000000000a RDI: ffff888005a7f080
RBP: ffff888011dfc540 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000001
R10: ffffffff82e508e0 R11: 0000000000000005 R12: ffff88800ddfbe58
R13: ffff888005a7f080 R14: ffff888005a7f158 R15: ffff888005a7f158
FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff88803ea80000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 0000000000000020 CR3: 0000000002e22006 CR4: 0000000000370ef0
DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
Call Trace:
<TASK>
? __die_body.cold+0x19/0x26
? page_fault_oops+0x13e/0x2b0
? _printk+0x58/0x73
? do_user_addr_fault+0x5f/0x750
? exc_page_fault+0x76/0x240
? asm_exc_page_fault+0x22/0x30
? btrfs_bio_end_io+0xae/0xc0 [btrfs]
? btrfs_log_dev_io_error+0x7f/0x90 [btrfs]
btrfs_orig_write_end_io+0x51/0x90 [btrfs]
dm_submit_bio+0x5c2/0xa50 [dm_mod]
? find_held_lock+0x2b/0x80
? blk_try_enter_queue+0x90/0x1e0
__submit_bio+0xe0/0x130
? ktime_get+0x10a/0x160
? lockdep_hardirqs_on+0x74/0x100
submit_bio_noacct_nocheck+0x199/0x410
btrfs_submit_bio+0x7d/0x150 [btrfs]
btrfs_submit_chunk+0x1a1/0x6d0 [btrfs]
? lockdep_hardirqs_on+0x74/0x100
? __folio_start_writeback+0x10/0x2c0
btrfs_submit_bbio+0x1c/0x40 [btrfs]
submit_one_bio+0x44/0x60 [btrfs]
submit_extent_folio+0x13f/0x330 [btrfs]
? btrfs_set_range_writeback+0xa3/0xd0 [btrfs]
extent_writepage_io+0x18b/0x360 [btrfs]
extent_write_locked_range+0x17c/0x340 [btrfs]
? __pfx_end_bbio_data_write+0x10/0x10 [btrfs]
run_delalloc_cow+0x71/0xd0 [btrfs]
btrfs_run_delalloc_range+0x176/0x500 [btrfs]
? find_lock_delalloc_range+0x119/0x260 [btrfs]
writepage_delalloc+0x2ab/0x480 [btrfs]
extent_write_cache_pages+0x236/0x7d0 [btrfs]
btrfs_writepages+0x72/0x130 [btrfs]
do_writepages+0xd4/0x240
? find_held_lock+0x2b/0x80
? wbc_attach_and_unlock_inode+0x12c/0x290
? wbc_attach_and_unlock_inode+0x12c/0x290
__writeback_single_inode+0x5c/0x4c0
? do_raw_spin_unlock+0x49/0xb0
writeback_sb_inodes+0x22c/0x560
__writeback_inodes_wb+0x4c/0xe0
wb_writeback+0x1d6/0x3f0
wb_workfn+0x334/0x520
process_one_work+0x1ee/0x570
? lock_is_held_type+0xc6/0x130
worker_thread+0x1d1/0x3b0
? __pfx_worker_thread+0x10/0x10
kthread+0xee/0x120
? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10
ret_from_fork+0x30/0x50
? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10
ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30
</TASK>
Modules linked in: dm_mod btrfs blake2b_generic xor raid6_pq rapl
CR2: 0000000000000020
* Case 2. Earlier completion of orig_bbio for mirrored btrfs_bios
btrfs_bbio_propagate_error() assumes the end_io function for orig_bbio is
called last among split bios. In that case, btrfs_orig_write_end_io() sets
the bio->bi_status to BLK_STS_IOERR by seeing the bioc->error [2].
Otherwise, the increased orig_bio's bioc->error is not checked by anyone
and return BLK_STS_OK to the upper layer.
[2] Actually, this is not true. Because we only increases orig_bioc->errors
by max_errors, the condition "atomic_read(&bioc->error) > bioc->max_errors"
is still not met if only one split btrfs_bio fails.
* Case 3. Later completion of orig_bbio for un-mirrored btrfs_bios
In contrast to the above case, btrfs_bbio_propagate_error() is not working
well if un-mirrored orig_bbio is completed last. It sets
orig_bbio->bio.bi_status to the btrfs_bio's error. But, that is easily
over-written by orig_bbio's completion status. If the status is BLK_STS_OK,
the upper layer would not know the failure.
* Solution
Considering the above cases, we can only save the error status in the
orig_bbio (remaining part after split) itself as it is always
available. Also, the saved error status should be propagated when all the
split btrfs_bios are finished (i.e, bbio->pending_ios == 0).
This commit introduces "status" to btrfs_bbio and saves the first error of
split bios to original btrfs_bio's "status" variable. When all the split
bios are finished, the saved status is loaded into original btrfs_bio's
status.
With this commit, btrfs/146 on zoned devices does not hit the NULL pointer
dereference anymore.
Fixes:
|
||
Yue Haibing
|
75f49c3dc7 |
btrfs: fix passing 0 to ERR_PTR in btrfs_search_dir_index_item()
The ret may be zero in btrfs_search_dir_index_item() and should not
passed to ERR_PTR(). Now btrfs_unlink_subvol() is the only caller to
this, reconstructed it to check ERR_PTR(-ENOENT) while ret >= 0.
This fixes smatch warnings:
fs/btrfs/dir-item.c:353
btrfs_search_dir_index_item() warn: passing zero to 'ERR_PTR'
Fixes:
|
||
|
Qu Wenruo
|
3c36a72c1d |
btrfs: reject ro->rw reconfiguration if there are hard ro requirements
[BUG]
Syzbot reports the following crash:
BTRFS info (device loop0 state MCS): disabling free space tree
BTRFS info (device loop0 state MCS): clearing compat-ro feature flag for FREE_SPACE_TREE (0x1)
BTRFS info (device loop0 state MCS): clearing compat-ro feature flag for FREE_SPACE_TREE_VALID (0x2)
Oops: general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0xdffffc0000000003: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP KASAN NOPTI
KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000018-0x000000000000001f]
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2~bpo12+1 04/01/2014
RIP: 0010:backup_super_roots fs/btrfs/disk-io.c:1691 [inline]
RIP: 0010:write_all_supers+0x97a/0x40f0 fs/btrfs/disk-io.c:4041
Call Trace:
<TASK>
btrfs_commit_transaction+0x1eae/0x3740 fs/btrfs/transaction.c:2530
btrfs_delete_free_space_tree+0x383/0x730 fs/btrfs/free-space-tree.c:1312
btrfs_start_pre_rw_mount+0xf28/0x1300 fs/btrfs/disk-io.c:3012
btrfs_remount_rw fs/btrfs/super.c:1309 [inline]
btrfs_reconfigure+0xae6/0x2d40 fs/btrfs/super.c:1534
btrfs_reconfigure_for_mount fs/btrfs/super.c:2020 [inline]
btrfs_get_tree_subvol fs/btrfs/super.c:2079 [inline]
btrfs_get_tree+0x918/0x1920 fs/btrfs/super.c:2115
vfs_get_tree+0x90/0x2b0 fs/super.c:1800
do_new_mount+0x2be/0xb40 fs/namespace.c:3472
do_mount fs/namespace.c:3812 [inline]
__do_sys_mount fs/namespace.c:4020 [inline]
__se_sys_mount+0x2d6/0x3c0 fs/namespace.c:3997
do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline]
do_syscall_64+0xf3/0x230 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
[CAUSE]
To support mounting different subvolume with different RO/RW flags for
the new mount APIs, btrfs introduced two workaround to support this feature:
- Skip mount option/feature checks if we are mounting a different
subvolume
- Reconfigure the fs to RW if the initial mount is RO
Combining these two, we can have the following sequence:
- Mount the fs ro,rescue=all,clear_cache,space_cache=v1
rescue=all will mark the fs as hard read-only, so no v2 cache clearing
will happen.
- Mount a subvolume rw of the same fs.
We go into btrfs_get_tree_subvol(), but fc_mount() returns EBUSY
because our new fc is RW, different from the original fs.
Now we enter btrfs_reconfigure_for_mount(), which switches the RO flag
first so that we can grab the existing fs_info.
Then we reconfigure the fs to RW.
- During reconfiguration, option/features check is skipped
This means we will restart the v2 cache clearing, and convert back to
v1 cache.
This will trigger fs writes, and since the original fs has "rescue=all"
option, it skips the csum tree read.
And eventually causing NULL pointer dereference in super block
writeback.
[FIX]
For reconfiguration caused by different subvolume RO/RW flags, ensure we
always run btrfs_check_options() to ensure we have proper hard RO
requirements met.
In fact the function btrfs_check_options() doesn't really do many
complex checks, but hard RO requirement and some feature dependency
checks, thus there is no special reason not to do the check for mount
reconfiguration.
Reported-by: syzbot+56360f93efa90ff15870@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/0000000000008c5d090621cb2770@google.com/
Fixes:
|
||
Boris Burkov
|
7a2339058e |
btrfs: fix read corruption due to race with extent map merging
In debugging some corrupt squashfs files, we observed symptoms of corrupt page cache pages but correct on-disk contents. Further investigation revealed that the exact symptom was a correct page followed by an incorrect, duplicate, page. This got us thinking about extent maps. commit |
||
|
Qu Wenruo
|
f10f59f91a |
btrfs: fix the delalloc range locking if sector size < page size
Inside lock_delalloc_folios(), there are several problems related to
sector size < page size handling:
- Set the writer locks without checking if the folio is still valid
We call btrfs_folio_start_writer_lock() just like it's folio_lock().
But since the folio may not even be the folio of the current mapping,
we can easily screw up the folio->private.
- The range is not clamped inside the page
This means we can over write other bitmaps if the start/len is not
properly handled, and trigger the btrfs_subpage_assert().
- @processed_end is always rounded up to page end
If the delalloc range is not page aligned, and we need to retry
(returning -EAGAIN), then we will unlock to the page end.
Thankfully this is not a huge problem, as now
btrfs_folio_end_writer_lock() can handle range larger than the locked
range, and only unlock what is already locked.
Fix all these problems by:
- Lock and check the folio first, then call
btrfs_folio_set_writer_lock()
So that if we got a folio not belonging to the inode, we won't
touch folio->private.
- Properly truncate the range inside the page
- Update @processed_end to the locked range end
Fixes:
|
||
|
Qu Wenruo
|
5f9062a48d |
btrfs: qgroup: set a more sane default value for subtree drop threshold
Since commit
|
||
|
Filipe Manana
|
3510e684b8 |
btrfs: clear force-compress on remount when compress mount option is given
After the migration to use fs context for processing mount options we had a slight change in the semantics for remounting a filesystem that was mounted with compress-force. Before we could clear compress-force by passing only "-o compress[=algo]" during a remount, but after that change that does not work anymore, force-compress is still present and one needs to pass "-o compress-force=no,compress[=algo]" to the mount command. Example, when running on a kernel 6.8+: $ mount -o compress-force=zlib:9 /dev/sdi /mnt/sdi $ mount | grep sdi /dev/sdi on /mnt/sdi type btrfs (rw,relatime,compress-force=zlib:9,discard=async,space_cache=v2,subvolid=5,subvol=/) $ mount -o remount,compress=zlib:5 /mnt/sdi $ mount | grep sdi /dev/sdi on /mnt/sdi type btrfs (rw,relatime,compress-force=zlib:5,discard=async,space_cache=v2,subvolid=5,subvol=/) On a 6.7 kernel (or older): $ mount -o compress-force=zlib:9 /dev/sdi /mnt/sdi $ mount | grep sdi /dev/sdi on /mnt/sdi type btrfs (rw,relatime,compress-force=zlib:9,discard=async,space_cache=v2,subvolid=5,subvol=/) $ mount -o remount,compress=zlib:5 /mnt/sdi $ mount | grep sdi /dev/sdi on /mnt/sdi type btrfs (rw,relatime,compress=zlib:5,discard=async,space_cache=v2,subvolid=5,subvol=/) So update btrfs_parse_param() to clear "compress-force" when "compress" is given, providing the same semantics as kernel 6.7 and older. Reported-by: Roman Mamedov <rm@romanrm.net> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/20241014182416.13d0f8b0@nvm/ CC: stable@vger.kernel.org # 6.8+ Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com> Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com> Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com> |
||
|
Naohiro Aota
|
bf9821ba47 |
btrfs: zoned: fix zone unusable accounting for freed reserved extent
When btrfs reserves an extent and does not use it (e.g, by an error), it
calls btrfs_free_reserved_extent() to free the reserved extent. In the
process, it calls btrfs_add_free_space() and then it accounts the region
bytes as block_group->zone_unusable.
However, it leaves the space_info->bytes_zone_unusable side not updated. As
a result, ENOSPC can happen while a space_info reservation succeeded. The
reservation is fine because the freed region is not added in
space_info->bytes_zone_unusable, leaving that space as "free". OTOH,
corresponding block group counts it as zone_unusable and its allocation
pointer is not rewound, we cannot allocate an extent from that block group.
That will also negate space_info's async/sync reclaim process, and cause an
ENOSPC error from the extent allocation process.
Fix that by returning the space to space_info->bytes_zone_unusable.
Ideally, since a bio is not submitted for this reserved region, we should
return the space to free space and rewind the allocation pointer. But, it
needs rework on extent allocation handling, so let it work in this way for
now.
Fixes:
|
||
|
Linus Torvalds
|
667b1d41b2 |
for-6.12-rc3-tag
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||
Roi Martin
|
2ab5e243c2 |
btrfs: fix uninitialized pointer free on read_alloc_one_name() error
The function read_alloc_one_name() does not initialize the name field of the passed fscrypt_str struct if kmalloc fails to allocate the corresponding buffer. Thus, it is not guaranteed that fscrypt_str.name is initialized when freeing it. This is a follow-up to the linked patch that fixes the remaining instances of the bug introduced by commit |
||
Christian Heusel
|
a0af4936e4 |
btrfs: send: cleanup unneeded return variable in changed_verity()
As all changed_* functions need to return something, just return 0 directly here, as the verity status is passed via the context. Reported by LKP: fs/btrfs/send.c:6877:5-8: Unneeded variable: "ret". Return "0" on line 6883 Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/202410092305.WbyqspH8-lkp@intel.com/ Signed-off-by: Christian Heusel <christian@heusel.eu> Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com> Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com> |
||
|
Roi Martin
|
66691c6e2f |
btrfs: fix uninitialized pointer free in add_inode_ref()
The add_inode_ref() function does not initialize the "name" struct when
it is declared. If any of the following calls to "read_one_inode()
returns NULL,
dir = read_one_inode(root, parent_objectid);
if (!dir) {
ret = -ENOENT;
goto out;
}
inode = read_one_inode(root, inode_objectid);
if (!inode) {
ret = -EIO;
goto out;
}
then "name.name" would be freed on "out" before being initialized.
out:
...
kfree(name.name);
This issue was reported by Coverity with CID 1526744.
Fixes:
|
||
|
Filipe Manana
|
97420be7bd |
btrfs: use sector numbers as keys for the dirty extents xarray
We are using the logical address ("bytenr") of an extent as the key for
qgroup records in the dirty extents xarray. This is a problem because the
xarrays use "unsigned long" for keys/indices, meaning that on a 32 bits
platform any extent starting at or beyond 4G is truncated, which is a too
low limitation as virtually everyone is using storage with more than 4G of
space. This means a "bytenr" of 4G gets truncated to 0, and so does 8G and
16G for example, resulting in incorrect qgroup accounting.
Fix this by using sector numbers as keys instead, that is, using keys that
match the logical address right shifted by fs_info->sectorsize_bits, which
is what we do for the fs_info->buffer_radix that tracks extent buffers
(radix trees also use an "unsigned long" type for keys). This also makes
the index space more dense which helps optimize the xarray (as mentioned
at Documentation/core-api/xarray.rst).
Fixes:
|
||
|
Linus Torvalds
|
eb952c47d1 |
for-6.12-rc2-tag
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Merge tag 'for-6.12-rc2-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kdave/linux
Pull btrfs fixes from David Sterba:
- update fstrim loop and add more cancellation points, fix reported
delayed or blocked suspend if there's a huge chunk queued
- fix error handling in recent qgroup xarray conversion
- in zoned mode, fix warning printing device path without RCU
protection
- again fix invalid extent xarray state (
|
||
|
Naohiro Aota
|
e761be2a07 |
btrfs: fix clear_dirty and writeback ordering in submit_one_sector()
This commit is a replay of commit |
||
|
Filipe Manana
|
fe4cd7ed12 |
btrfs: zoned: fix missing RCU locking in error message when loading zone info
At btrfs_load_zone_info() we have an error path that is dereferencing the name of a device which is a RCU string but we are not holding a RCU read lock, which is incorrect. Fix this by using btrfs_err_in_rcu() instead of btrfs_err(). The problem is there since commit |
||
|
Filipe Manana
|
6ef8fbce01 |
btrfs: fix missing error handling when adding delayed ref with qgroups enabled
When adding a delayed ref head, at delayed-ref.c:add_delayed_ref_head(),
if we fail to insert the qgroup record we don't error out, we ignore it.
In fact we treat it as if there was no error and there was already an
existing record - we don't distinguish between the cases where
btrfs_qgroup_trace_extent_nolock() returns 1, meaning a record already
existed and we can free the given record, and the case where it returns
a negative error value, meaning the insertion into the xarray that is
used to track records failed.
Effectively we end up ignoring that we are lacking qgroup record in the
dirty extents xarray, resulting in incorrect qgroup accounting.
Fix this by checking for errors and return them to the callers.
Fixes:
|
||
Luca Stefani
|
69313850dc |
btrfs: add cancellation points to trim loops
There are reports that system cannot suspend due to running trim because the task responsible for trimming the device isn't able to finish in time, especially since we have a free extent discarding phase, which can trim a lot of unallocated space. There are no limits on the trim size (unlike the block group part). Since trime isn't a critical call it can be interrupted at any time, in such cases we stop the trim, report the amount of discarded bytes and return an error. Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=219180 Link: https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1229737 CC: stable@vger.kernel.org # 5.15+ Signed-off-by: Luca Stefani <luca.stefani.ge1@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com> Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com> |
||
|
Luca Stefani
|
a99fcb0158 |
btrfs: split remaining space to discard in chunks
Per Qu Wenruo in case we have a very large disk, e.g. 8TiB device, mostly empty although we will do the split according to our super block locations, the last super block ends at 256G, we can submit a huge discard for the range [256G, 8T), causing a large delay. Split the space left to discard based on BTRFS_MAX_DISCARD_CHUNK_SIZE in preparation of introduction of cancellation points to trim. The value of the chunk size is arbitrary, it can be higher or derived from actual device capabilities but we can't easily read that using bio_discard_limit(). Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=219180 Link: https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1229737 CC: stable@vger.kernel.org # 5.15+ Signed-off-by: Luca Stefani <luca.stefani.ge1@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com> Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com> |
||
|
Linus Torvalds
|
79eb2c07af |
for-6.12-rc1-tag
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||
Al Viro
|
5f60d5f6bb |
move asm/unaligned.h to linux/unaligned.h
asm/unaligned.h is always an include of asm-generic/unaligned.h; might as well move that thing to linux/unaligned.h and include that - there's nothing arch-specific in that header. auto-generated by the following: for i in `git grep -l -w asm/unaligned.h`; do sed -i -e "s/asm\/unaligned.h/linux\/unaligned.h/" $i done for i in `git grep -l -w asm-generic/unaligned.h`; do sed -i -e "s/asm-generic\/unaligned.h/linux\/unaligned.h/" $i done git mv include/asm-generic/unaligned.h include/linux/unaligned.h git mv tools/include/asm-generic/unaligned.h tools/include/linux/unaligned.h sed -i -e "/unaligned.h/d" include/asm-generic/Kbuild sed -i -e "s/__ASM_GENERIC/__LINUX/" include/linux/unaligned.h tools/include/linux/unaligned.h |
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Leo Martins
|
d6e7ac65d4 |
btrfs: disable rate limiting when debug enabled
Disable ratelimiting for btrfs_printk when CONFIG_BTRFS_DEBUG is enabled. This allows for more verbose output which is often needed by functions like btrfs_dump_space_info(). Reviewed-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Leo Martins <loemra.dev@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com> Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com> |
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|
Filipe Manana
|
41fd1e9406 |
btrfs: wait for fixup workers before stopping cleaner kthread during umount
During unmount, at close_ctree(), we have the following steps in this order: 1) Park the cleaner kthread - this doesn't destroy the kthread, it basically halts its execution (wake ups against it work but do nothing); 2) We stop the cleaner kthread - this results in freeing the respective struct task_struct; 3) We call btrfs_stop_all_workers() which waits for any jobs running in all the work queues and then free the work queues. Syzbot reported a case where a fixup worker resulted in a crash when doing a delayed iput on its inode while attempting to wake up the cleaner at btrfs_add_delayed_iput(), because the task_struct of the cleaner kthread was already freed. This can happen during unmount because we don't wait for any fixup workers still running before we call kthread_stop() against the cleaner kthread, which stops and free all its resources. Fix this by waiting for any fixup workers at close_ctree() before we call kthread_stop() against the cleaner and run pending delayed iputs. The stack traces reported by syzbot were the following: BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in __lock_acquire+0x77/0x2050 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5065 Read of size 8 at addr ffff8880272a8a18 by task kworker/u8:3/52 CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 52 Comm: kworker/u8:3 Not tainted 6.12.0-rc1-syzkaller #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 09/13/2024 Workqueue: btrfs-fixup btrfs_work_helper Call Trace: <TASK> __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline] dump_stack_lvl+0x241/0x360 lib/dump_stack.c:120 print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:377 [inline] print_report+0x169/0x550 mm/kasan/report.c:488 kasan_report+0x143/0x180 mm/kasan/report.c:601 __lock_acquire+0x77/0x2050 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5065 lock_acquire+0x1ed/0x550 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5825 __raw_spin_lock_irqsave include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:110 [inline] _raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0xd5/0x120 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:162 class_raw_spinlock_irqsave_constructor include/linux/spinlock.h:551 [inline] try_to_wake_up+0xb0/0x1480 kernel/sched/core.c:4154 btrfs_writepage_fixup_worker+0xc16/0xdf0 fs/btrfs/inode.c:2842 btrfs_work_helper+0x390/0xc50 fs/btrfs/async-thread.c:314 process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3229 [inline] process_scheduled_works+0xa63/0x1850 kernel/workqueue.c:3310 worker_thread+0x870/0xd30 kernel/workqueue.c:3391 kthread+0x2f0/0x390 kernel/kthread.c:389 ret_from_fork+0x4b/0x80 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:147 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:244 </TASK> Allocated by task 2: kasan_save_stack mm/kasan/common.c:47 [inline] kasan_save_track+0x3f/0x80 mm/kasan/common.c:68 unpoison_slab_object mm/kasan/common.c:319 [inline] __kasan_slab_alloc+0x66/0x80 mm/kasan/common.c:345 kasan_slab_alloc include/linux/kasan.h:247 [inline] slab_post_alloc_hook mm/slub.c:4086 [inline] slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:4135 [inline] kmem_cache_alloc_node_noprof+0x16b/0x320 mm/slub.c:4187 alloc_task_struct_node kernel/fork.c:180 [inline] dup_task_struct+0x57/0x8c0 kernel/fork.c:1107 copy_process+0x5d1/0x3d50 kernel/fork.c:2206 kernel_clone+0x223/0x880 kernel/fork.c:2787 kernel_thread+0x1bc/0x240 kernel/fork.c:2849 create_kthread kernel/kthread.c:412 [inline] kthreadd+0x60d/0x810 kernel/kthread.c:765 ret_from_fork+0x4b/0x80 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:147 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:244 Freed by task 61: kasan_save_stack mm/kasan/common.c:47 [inline] kasan_save_track+0x3f/0x80 mm/kasan/common.c:68 kasan_save_free_info+0x40/0x50 mm/kasan/generic.c:579 poison_slab_object mm/kasan/common.c:247 [inline] __kasan_slab_free+0x59/0x70 mm/kasan/common.c:264 kasan_slab_free include/linux/kasan.h:230 [inline] slab_free_hook mm/slub.c:2343 [inline] slab_free mm/slub.c:4580 [inline] kmem_cache_free+0x1a2/0x420 mm/slub.c:4682 put_task_struct include/linux/sched/task.h:144 [inline] delayed_put_task_struct+0x125/0x300 kernel/exit.c:228 rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2567 [inline] rcu_core+0xaaa/0x17a0 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2823 handle_softirqs+0x2c5/0x980 kernel/softirq.c:554 __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:588 [inline] invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:428 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0xf4/0x1c0 kernel/softirq.c:637 irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x30 kernel/softirq.c:649 instr_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1037 [inline] sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0xa6/0xc0 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1037 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:702 Last potentially related work creation: kasan_save_stack+0x3f/0x60 mm/kasan/common.c:47 __kasan_record_aux_stack+0xac/0xc0 mm/kasan/generic.c:541 __call_rcu_common kernel/rcu/tree.c:3086 [inline] call_rcu+0x167/0xa70 kernel/rcu/tree.c:3190 context_switch kernel/sched/core.c:5318 [inline] __schedule+0x184b/0x4ae0 kernel/sched/core.c:6675 schedule_idle+0x56/0x90 kernel/sched/core.c:6793 do_idle+0x56a/0x5d0 kernel/sched/idle.c:354 cpu_startup_entry+0x42/0x60 kernel/sched/idle.c:424 start_secondary+0x102/0x110 arch/x86/kernel/smpboot.c:314 common_startup_64+0x13e/0x147 The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff8880272a8000 which belongs to the cache task_struct of size 7424 The buggy address is located 2584 bytes inside of freed 7424-byte region [ffff8880272a8000, ffff8880272a9d00) The buggy address belongs to the physical page: page: refcount:1 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x272a8 head: order:3 mapcount:0 entire_mapcount:0 nr_pages_mapped:0 pincount:0 flags: 0xfff00000000040(head|node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) page_type: f5(slab) raw: 00fff00000000040 ffff88801bafa500 dead000000000122 0000000000000000 raw: 0000000000000000 0000000080040004 00000001f5000000 0000000000000000 head: 00fff00000000040 ffff88801bafa500 dead000000000122 0000000000000000 head: 0000000000000000 0000000080040004 00000001f5000000 0000000000000000 head: 00fff00000000003 ffffea00009caa01 ffffffffffffffff 0000000000000000 head: 0000000000000008 0000000000000000 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: kasan: bad access detected page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 3, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0xd20c0(__GFP_IO|__GFP_FS|__GFP_NOWARN|__GFP_NORETRY|__GFP_COMP|__GFP_NOMEMALLOC), pid 2, tgid 2 (kthreadd), ts 71247381401, free_ts 71214998153 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x1f3/0x230 mm/page_alloc.c:1537 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1545 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0x3039/0x3180 mm/page_alloc.c:3457 __alloc_pages_noprof+0x256/0x6c0 mm/page_alloc.c:4733 alloc_pages_mpol_noprof+0x3e8/0x680 mm/mempolicy.c:2265 alloc_slab_page+0x6a/0x120 mm/slub.c:2413 allocate_slab+0x5a/0x2f0 mm/slub.c:2579 new_slab mm/slub.c:2632 [inline] ___slab_alloc+0xcd1/0x14b0 mm/slub.c:3819 __slab_alloc+0x58/0xa0 mm/slub.c:3909 __slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:3962 [inline] slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:4123 [inline] kmem_cache_alloc_node_noprof+0x1fe/0x320 mm/slub.c:4187 alloc_task_struct_node kernel/fork.c:180 [inline] dup_task_struct+0x57/0x8c0 kernel/fork.c:1107 copy_process+0x5d1/0x3d50 kernel/fork.c:2206 kernel_clone+0x223/0x880 kernel/fork.c:2787 kernel_thread+0x1bc/0x240 kernel/fork.c:2849 create_kthread kernel/kthread.c:412 [inline] kthreadd+0x60d/0x810 kernel/kthread.c:765 ret_from_fork+0x4b/0x80 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:147 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:244 page last free pid 5230 tgid 5230 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1108 [inline] free_unref_page+0xcd0/0xf00 mm/page_alloc.c:2638 discard_slab mm/slub.c:2678 [inline] __put_partials+0xeb/0x130 mm/slub.c:3146 put_cpu_partial+0x17c/0x250 mm/slub.c:3221 __slab_free+0x2ea/0x3d0 mm/slub.c:4450 qlink_free mm/kasan/quarantine.c:163 [inline] qlist_free_all+0x9a/0x140 mm/kasan/quarantine.c:179 kasan_quarantine_reduce+0x14f/0x170 mm/kasan/quarantine.c:286 __kasan_slab_alloc+0x23/0x80 mm/kasan/common.c:329 kasan_slab_alloc include/linux/kasan.h:247 [inline] slab_post_alloc_hook mm/slub.c:4086 [inline] slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:4135 [inline] kmem_cache_alloc_noprof+0x135/0x2a0 mm/slub.c:4142 getname_flags+0xb7/0x540 fs/namei.c:139 do_sys_openat2+0xd2/0x1d0 fs/open.c:1409 do_sys_open fs/open.c:1430 [inline] __do_sys_openat fs/open.c:1446 [inline] __se_sys_openat fs/open.c:1441 [inline] __x64_sys_openat+0x247/0x2a0 fs/open.c:1441 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xf3/0x230 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f Memory state around the buggy address: ffff8880272a8900: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb ffff8880272a8980: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb >ffff8880272a8a00: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb ^ ffff8880272a8a80: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb ffff8880272a8b00: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb ================================================================== Reported-by: syzbot+8aaf2df2ef0164ffe1fb@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/66fb36b1.050a0220.aab67.003b.GAE@google.com/ CC: stable@vger.kernel.org # 4.19+ Reviewed-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com> Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com> Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com> Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com> Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com> |
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|
Qu Wenruo
|
c3b47f49e8 |
btrfs: fix a NULL pointer dereference when failed to start a new trasacntion
[BUG] Syzbot reported a NULL pointer dereference with the following crash: FAULT_INJECTION: forcing a failure. start_transaction+0x830/0x1670 fs/btrfs/transaction.c:676 prepare_to_relocate+0x31f/0x4c0 fs/btrfs/relocation.c:3642 relocate_block_group+0x169/0xd20 fs/btrfs/relocation.c:3678 ... BTRFS info (device loop0): balance: ended with status: -12 Oops: general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0xdffffc00000000cc: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP KASAN NOPTI KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000660-0x0000000000000667] RIP: 0010:btrfs_update_reloc_root+0x362/0xa80 fs/btrfs/relocation.c:926 Call Trace: <TASK> commit_fs_roots+0x2ee/0x720 fs/btrfs/transaction.c:1496 btrfs_commit_transaction+0xfaf/0x3740 fs/btrfs/transaction.c:2430 del_balance_item fs/btrfs/volumes.c:3678 [inline] reset_balance_state+0x25e/0x3c0 fs/btrfs/volumes.c:3742 btrfs_balance+0xead/0x10c0 fs/btrfs/volumes.c:4574 btrfs_ioctl_balance+0x493/0x7c0 fs/btrfs/ioctl.c:3673 vfs_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:51 [inline] __do_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:907 [inline] __se_sys_ioctl+0xf9/0x170 fs/ioctl.c:893 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xf3/0x230 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f [CAUSE] The allocation failure happens at the start_transaction() inside prepare_to_relocate(), and during the error handling we call unset_reloc_control(), which makes fs_info->balance_ctl to be NULL. Then we continue the error path cleanup in btrfs_balance() by calling reset_balance_state() which will call del_balance_item() to fully delete the balance item in the root tree. However during the small window between set_reloc_contrl() and unset_reloc_control(), we can have a subvolume tree update and created a reloc_root for that subvolume. Then we go into the final btrfs_commit_transaction() of del_balance_item(), and into btrfs_update_reloc_root() inside commit_fs_roots(). That function checks if fs_info->reloc_ctl is in the merge_reloc_tree stage, but since fs_info->reloc_ctl is NULL, it results a NULL pointer dereference. [FIX] Just add extra check on fs_info->reloc_ctl inside btrfs_update_reloc_root(), before checking fs_info->reloc_ctl->merge_reloc_tree. That DEAD_RELOC_TREE handling is to prevent further modification to the reloc tree during merge stage, but since there is no reloc_ctl at all, we do not need to bother that. Reported-by: syzbot+283673dbc38527ef9f3d@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/66f6bfa7.050a0220.38ace9.0019.GAE@google.com/ CC: stable@vger.kernel.org # 4.19+ Reviewed-by: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com> Signed-off-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com> Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com> Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com> |
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|
Filipe Manana
|
fa630df665 |
btrfs: send: fix invalid clone operation for file that got its size decreased
During an incremental send we may end up sending an invalid clone
operation, for the last extent of a file which ends at an unaligned offset
that matches the final i_size of the file in the send snapshot, in case
the file had its initial size (the size in the parent snapshot) decreased
in the send snapshot. In this case the destination will fail to apply the
clone operation because its end offset is not sector size aligned and it
ends before the current size of the file.
Sending the truncate operation always happens when we finish processing an
inode, after we process all its extents (and xattrs, names, etc). So fix
this by ensuring the file has a valid size before we send a clone
operation for an unaligned extent that ends at the final i_size of the
file. The size we truncate to matches the start offset of the clone range
but it could be any value between that start offset and the final size of
the file since the clone operation will expand the i_size if the current
size is smaller than the end offset. The start offset of the range was
chosen because it's always sector size aligned and avoids a truncation
into the middle of a page, which results in dirtying the page due to
filling part of it with zeroes and then making the clone operation at the
receiver trigger IO.
The following test reproduces the issue:
$ cat test.sh
#!/bin/bash
DEV=/dev/sdi
MNT=/mnt/sdi
mkfs.btrfs -f $DEV
mount $DEV $MNT
# Create a file with a size of 256K + 5 bytes, having two extents, one
# with a size of 128K and another one with a size of 128K + 5 bytes.
last_ext_size=$((128 * 1024 + 5))
xfs_io -f -d -c "pwrite -S 0xab -b 128K 0 128K" \
-c "pwrite -S 0xcd -b $last_ext_size 128K $last_ext_size" \
$MNT/foo
# Another file which we will later clone foo into, but initially with
# a larger size than foo.
xfs_io -f -c "pwrite -S 0xef 0 1M" $MNT/bar
btrfs subvolume snapshot -r $MNT/ $MNT/snap1
# Now resize bar and clone foo into it.
xfs_io -c "truncate 0" \
-c "reflink $MNT/foo" $MNT/bar
btrfs subvolume snapshot -r $MNT/ $MNT/snap2
rm -f /tmp/send-full /tmp/send-inc
btrfs send -f /tmp/send-full $MNT/snap1
btrfs send -p $MNT/snap1 -f /tmp/send-inc $MNT/snap2
umount $MNT
mkfs.btrfs -f $DEV
mount $DEV $MNT
btrfs receive -f /tmp/send-full $MNT
btrfs receive -f /tmp/send-inc $MNT
umount $MNT
Running it before this patch:
$ ./test.sh
(...)
At subvol snap1
At snapshot snap2
ERROR: failed to clone extents to bar: Invalid argument
A test case for fstests will be sent soon.
Reported-by: Ben Millwood <thebenmachine@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/CAJhrHS2z+WViO2h=ojYvBPDLsATwLbg+7JaNCyYomv0fUxEpQQ@mail.gmail.com/
Fixes:
|
||
Josef Bacik
|
db7e68b522 |
btrfs: drop the backref cache during relocation if we commit
Since the inception of relocation we have maintained the backref cache
across transaction commits, updating the backref cache with the new
bytenr whenever we COWed blocks that were in the cache, and then
updating their bytenr once we detected a transaction id change.
This works as long as we're only ever modifying blocks, not changing the
structure of the tree.
However relocation does in fact change the structure of the tree. For
example, if we are relocating a data extent, we will look up all the
leaves that point to this data extent. We will then call
do_relocation() on each of these leaves, which will COW down to the leaf
and then update the file extent location.
But, a key feature of do_relocation() is the pending list. This is all
the pending nodes that we modified when we updated the file extent item.
We will then process all of these blocks via finish_pending_nodes, which
calls do_relocation() on all of the nodes that led up to that leaf.
The purpose of this is to make sure we don't break sharing unless we
absolutely have to. Consider the case that we have 3 snapshots that all
point to this leaf through the same nodes, the initial COW would have
created a whole new path. If we did this for all 3 snapshots we would
end up with 3x the number of nodes we had originally. To avoid this we
will cycle through each of the snapshots that point to each of these
nodes and update their pointers to point at the new nodes.
Once we update the pointer to the new node we will drop the node we
removed the link for and all of its children via btrfs_drop_subtree().
This is essentially just btrfs_drop_snapshot(), but for an arbitrary
point in the snapshot.
The problem with this is that we will never reflect this in the backref
cache. If we do this btrfs_drop_snapshot() for a node that is in the
backref tree, we will leave the node in the backref tree. This becomes
a problem when we change the transid, as now the backref cache has
entire subtrees that no longer exist, but exist as if they still are
pointed to by the same roots.
In the best case scenario you end up with "adding refs to an existing
tree ref" errors from insert_inline_extent_backref(), where we attempt
to link in nodes on roots that are no longer valid.
Worst case you will double free some random block and re-use it when
there's still references to the block.
This is extremely subtle, and the consequences are quite bad. There
isn't a way to make sure our backref cache is consistent between
transid's.
In order to fix this we need to simply evict the entire backref cache
anytime we cross transid's. This reduces performance in that we have to
rebuild this backref cache every time we change transid's, but fixes the
bug.
This has existed since relocation was added, and is a pretty critical
bug. There's a lot more cleanup that can be done now that this
functionality is going away, but this patch is as small as possible in
order to fix the problem and make it easy for us to backport it to all
the kernels it needs to be backported to.
Followup series will dismantle more of this code and simplify relocation
drastically to remove this functionality.
We have a reproducer that reproduced the corruption within a few minutes
of running. With this patch it survives several iterations/hours of
running the reproducer.
Fixes:
|
||
Johannes Thumshirn
|
97f9782276 |
btrfs: also add stripe entries for NOCOW writes
NOCOW writes do not generate stripe_extent entries in the RAID stripe tree, as the RAID stripe-tree feature initially was designed with a zoned filesystem in mind and on a zoned filesystem, we do not allow NOCOW writes. But the RAID stripe-tree feature is independent from the zoned feature, so we must also do NOCOW writes for RAID stripe-tree filesystems. Reviewed-by: Naohiro Aota <naohiro.aota@wdc.com> Signed-off-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com> Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com> |
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Filipe Manana
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96c6ca7157 |
btrfs: send: fix buffer overflow detection when copying path to cache entry
Starting with commit |
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Linus Torvalds
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a1fb2fcbb6 |
for-6.12-tag
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Linus Torvalds
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f8ffbc365f |
struct fd layout change (and conversion to accessor helpers)
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- iHUEABYIAB0WIQQqUNBr3gm4hGXdBJlZ7Krx/gZQ6wUCZvDNmgAKCRBZ7Krx/gZQ 63zrAP9vI0rf55v27twiabe9LnI7aSx5ckoqXxFIFxyT3dOYpQD/bPmoApnWDD3d 592+iDgLsema/H/0/CqfqlaNtDNY8Q0= =HUl5 -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- Merge tag 'pull-stable-struct_fd' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull 'struct fd' updates from Al Viro: "Just the 'struct fd' layout change, with conversion to accessor helpers" * tag 'pull-stable-struct_fd' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: add struct fd constructors, get rid of __to_fd() struct fd: representation change introduce fd_file(), convert all accessors to it. |
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Filipe Manana
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7f1b63f981 |
btrfs: fix use-after-free on rbtree that tracks inodes for auto defrag
When cleaning up defrag inodes at btrfs_cleanup_defrag_inodes(), called
during remount and unmount, we are freeing every node from the rbtree
that tracks inodes for auto defrag using
rbtree_postorder_for_each_entry_safe(), which doesn't modify the tree
itself. So once we unlock the lock that protects the rbtree, we have a
tree pointing to a root that was freed (and a root pointing to freed
nodes, and their children pointing to other freed nodes, and so on).
This makes further access to the tree result in a use-after-free with
unpredictable results.
Fix this by initializing the rbtree to an empty root after the call to
rbtree_postorder_for_each_entry_safe() and before unlocking.
Fixes:
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Qu Wenruo
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b0b595e61d |
btrfs: tree-checker: fix the wrong output of data backref objectid
[BUG]
There are some reports about invalid data backref objectids, the report
looks like this:
BTRFS critical (device sda): corrupt leaf: block=333654787489792 slot=110 extent bytenr=333413935558656 len=65536 invalid data ref objectid value 2543
The data ref objectid is the inode number inside the subvolume.
But in above case, the value is completely sane, not really showing the
problem.
[CAUSE]
The root cause of the problem is the deprecated feature, inode cache.
This feature results a special inode number, -12ULL, and it's no longer
recognized by tree-checker, triggering the error.
The direct problem here is the output of data ref objectid. The value
shown is in fact the dref_root (subvolume id), not the dref_objectid
(inode number).
[FIX]
Fix the output to use dref_objectid instead.
Reported-by: Neil Parton <njparton@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Archange <archange@archlinux.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/CAAYHqBbrrgmh6UmW3ANbysJX9qG9Pbg3ZwnKsV=5mOpv_qix_Q@mail.gmail.com/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/9541deea-9056-406e-be16-a996b549614d@archlinux.org/
Fixes:
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Filipe Manana
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7ee85f5515 |
btrfs: fix race setting file private on concurrent lseek using same fd
When doing concurrent lseek(2) system calls against the same file
descriptor, using multiple threads belonging to the same process, we have
a short time window where a race happens and can result in a memory leak.
The race happens like this:
1) A program opens a file descriptor for a file and then spawns two
threads (with the pthreads library for example), lets call them
task A and task B;
2) Task A calls lseek with SEEK_DATA or SEEK_HOLE and ends up at
file.c:find_desired_extent() while holding a read lock on the inode;
3) At the start of find_desired_extent(), it extracts the file's
private_data pointer into a local variable named 'private', which has
a value of NULL;
4) Task B also calls lseek with SEEK_DATA or SEEK_HOLE, locks the inode
in shared mode and enters file.c:find_desired_extent(), where it also
extracts file->private_data into its local variable 'private', which
has a NULL value;
5) Because it saw a NULL file private, task A allocates a private
structure and assigns to the file structure;
6) Task B also saw a NULL file private so it also allocates its own file
private and then assigns it to the same file structure, since both
tasks are using the same file descriptor.
At this point we leak the private structure allocated by task A.
Besides the memory leak, there's also the detail that both tasks end up
using the same cached state record in the private structure (struct
btrfs_file_private::llseek_cached_state), which can result in a
use-after-free problem since one task can free it while the other is
still using it (only one task took a reference count on it). Also, sharing
the cached state is not a good idea since it could result in incorrect
results in the future - right now it should not be a problem because it
end ups being used only in extent-io-tree.c:count_range_bits() where we do
range validation before using the cached state.
Fix this by protecting the private assignment and check of a file while
holding the inode's spinlock and keep track of the task that allocated
the private, so that it's used only by that task in order to prevent
user-after-free issues with the cached state record as well as potentially
using it incorrectly in the future.
Fixes:
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Linus Torvalds
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26bb0d3f38 |
for-6.12/block-20240913
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Merge tag 'for-6.12/block-20240913' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux
Pull block updates from Jens Axboe:
- MD changes via Song:
- md-bitmap refactoring (Yu Kuai)
- raid5 performance optimization (Artur Paszkiewicz)
- Other small fixes (Yu Kuai, Chen Ni)
- Add a sysfs entry 'new_level' (Xiao Ni)
- Improve information reported in /proc/mdstat (Mateusz Kusiak)
- NVMe changes via Keith:
- Asynchronous namespace scanning (Stuart)
- TCP TLS updates (Hannes)
- RDMA queue controller validation (Niklas)
- Align field names to the spec (Anuj)
- Metadata support validation (Puranjay)
- A syntax cleanup (Shen)
- Fix a Kconfig linking error (Arnd)
- New queue-depth quirk (Keith)
- Add missing unplug trace event (Keith)
- blk-iocost fixes (Colin, Konstantin)
- t10-pi modular removal and fixes (Alexey)
- Fix for potential BLKSECDISCARD overflow (Alexey)
- bio splitting cleanups and fixes (Christoph)
- Deal with folios rather than rather than pages, speeding up how the
block layer handles bigger IOs (Kundan)
- Use spinlocks rather than bit spinlocks in zram (Sebastian, Mike)
- Reduce zoned device overhead in ublk (Ming)
- Add and use sendpages_ok() for drbd and nvme-tcp (Ofir)
- Fix regression in partition error pointer checking (Riyan)
- Add support for write zeroes and rotational status in nbd (Wouter)
- Add Yu Kuai as new BFQ maintainer. The scheduler has been
unmaintained for quite a while.
- Various sets of fixes for BFQ (Yu Kuai)
- Misc fixes and cleanups (Alvaro, Christophe, Li, Md Haris, Mikhail,
Yang)
* tag 'for-6.12/block-20240913' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux: (120 commits)
nvme-pci: qdepth 1 quirk
block: fix potential invalid pointer dereference in blk_add_partition
blk_iocost: make read-only static array vrate_adj_pct const
block: unpin user pages belonging to a folio at once
mm: release number of pages of a folio
block: introduce folio awareness and add a bigger size from folio
block: Added folio-ized version of bio_add_hw_page()
block, bfq: factor out a helper to split bfqq in bfq_init_rq()
block, bfq: remove local variable 'bfqq_already_existing' in bfq_init_rq()
block, bfq: remove local variable 'split' in bfq_init_rq()
block, bfq: remove bfq_log_bfqg()
block, bfq: merge bfq_release_process_ref() into bfq_put_cooperator()
block, bfq: fix procress reference leakage for bfqq in merge chain
block, bfq: fix uaf for accessing waker_bfqq after splitting
blk-throttle: support prioritized processing of metadata
blk-throttle: remove last_low_overflow_time
drbd: Add NULL check for net_conf to prevent dereference in state validation
nvme-tcp: fix link failure for TCP auth
blk-mq: add missing unplug trace event
mtip32xx: Remove redundant null pointer checks in mtip_hw_debugfs_init()
...
|
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Qu Wenruo
|
bd610c0937 |
btrfs: only unlock the to-be-submitted ranges inside a folio
[SUBPAGE COMPRESSION LIMITS]
Currently inside writepage_delalloc(), if a delalloc range is going to
be submitted asynchronously (inline or compression, the page
dirty/writeback/unlock are all handled in at different time, not at the
submission time), then we return 1 and extent_writepage() will skip the
submission.
This is fine if every sector matches page size, but if a sector is
smaller than page size (aka, subpage case), then it can be very
problematic, for example for the following 64K page:
0 16K 32K 48K 64K
|/| |///////| |/|
| |
4K 52K
Where |/| is the dirty range we need to submit.
In the above case, we need the following different handling for the 3
ranges:
- [0, 4K) needs to be submitted for regular write
A single sector cannot be compressed.
- [16K, 32K) needs to be submitted for compressed write
- [48K, 52K) needs to be submitted for regular write.
Above, if we try to submit [16K, 32K) for compressed write, we will
return 1 and immediately, and without submitting the remaining
[48K, 52K) range.
Furthermore, since extent_writepage() will exit without unlocking any
sectors, the submitted range [0, 4K) will not have sector unlocked.
That's the reason why for now subpage is only allowed for full page
range.
[ENHANCEMENT]
- Introduce a submission bitmap at btrfs_bio_ctrl::submit_bitmap
This records which sectors will be submitted by extent_writepage_io().
This allows us to track which sectors needs to be submitted thus later
to be properly unlocked.
For asynchronously submitted range (inline/compression), the
corresponding bits will be cleared from that bitmap.
- Only return 1 if no sector needs to be submitted in
writepage_delalloc()
- Only submit sectors marked by submission bitmap inside
extent_writepage_io()
So we won't touch the asynchronously submitted part.
- Introduce btrfs_folio_end_writer_lock_bitmap() helper
This will only unlock the involved sectors specified by @bitmap
parameter, to avoid touching the range asynchronously submitted.
Please note that, since subpage compression is still limited to page
aligned range, this change is only a preparation for future sector
perfect compression support for subpage.
Signed-off-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
|
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Qu Wenruo
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49a9907368 |
btrfs: merge btrfs_folio_unlock_writer() into btrfs_folio_end_writer_lock()
The function btrfs_folio_unlock_writer() is already calling btrfs_folio_end_writer_lock() to do the heavy lifting work, the only missing 0 writer check. Thus there is no need to keep two different functions, move the 0 writer check into btrfs_folio_end_writer_lock(), and remove btrfs_folio_unlock_writer(). Signed-off-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com> Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com> Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com> |
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Leo Martins
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68f32b9c98 |
btrfs: BTRFS_PATH_AUTO_FREE in orphan.c
All cleanup paths lead to btrfs_path_free so path can be defined with the automatic freeing callback in the following functions: - btrfs_insert_orphan_item() - btrfs_del_orphan_item() Signed-off-by: Leo Martins <loemra.dev@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com> Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com> |
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Leo Martins
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45763a0cbb |
btrfs: use btrfs_path auto free in zoned.c
All cleanup paths lead to btrfs_path_free so path can be defined with the automatic freeing callback in the following functions: - calculate_emulated_zone_size() - calculate_alloc_pointer() Signed-off-by: Leo Martins <loemra.dev@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com> Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com> |
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Leo Martins
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4c74a32ad3 |
btrfs: DEFINE_FREE for struct btrfs_path
Add a DEFINE_FREE for struct btrfs_path. This defines a function that
can be called using the __free attribute. Define a macro
BTRFS_PATH_AUTO_FREE to make the declaration of an auto freeing path
very clear.
The intended use is to define the auto free of path in cases where the
path is allocated somewhere at the beginning and freed either on all
error paths or at the end of the function.
int func() {
BTRFS_PATH_AUTO_FREE(path);
if (...)
return -ERROR;
path = alloc_path();
...
if (...)
return -ERROR;
...
return 0;
}
Signed-off-by: Leo Martins <loemra.dev@gmail.com>
[ update changelog ]
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
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Qu Wenruo
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ab6eac7c91 |
btrfs: remove btrfs_folio_end_all_writers()
The function btrfs_folio_end_all_writers() is only utilized in extent_writepage() as a way to unlock all subpage range (for both successful submission and error handling). Meanwhile we have a similar function, btrfs_folio_end_writer_lock(). The difference is, btrfs_folio_end_writer_lock() expects a range that is a subset of the already locked range. This limit on btrfs_folio_end_writer_lock() is a little overkilled, preventing it from being utilized for error paths. So here we enhance btrfs_folio_end_writer_lock() to accept a superset of the locked range, and only end the locked subset. This means we can replace btrfs_folio_end_all_writers() with btrfs_folio_end_writer_lock() instead. Signed-off-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com> Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com> Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com> |
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David Sterba
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ca283ea992 |
btrfs: constify more pointer parameters
Continue adding const to parameters. This is for clarity and minor addition to safety. There are some minor effects, in the assembly code and .ko measured on release config. Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com> |