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media: uapi: Add PiSP Compressed RAW Bayer formats

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Add Raspberry Pi compressed RAW Bayer formats.

The compression algorithm description is provided by Nick Hollinghurst
<nick.hollinghurst@raspberrypi.com> from Raspberry Pi.

Signed-off-by: Jacopo Mondi <jacopo.mondi@ideasonboard.com>
Reviewed-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Signed-off-by: Sakari Ailus <sakari.ailus@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil-cisco@xs4all.nl>
This commit is contained in:
Jacopo Mondi 2024-06-26 20:14:35 +02:00 committed by Hans Verkuil
parent 8f6c220222
commit d260c12247
4 changed files with 97 additions and 0 deletions
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1
Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/pixfmt-bayer.rst
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@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ orders. See also `the Wikipedia article on Bayer filter
:maxdepth: 1
pixfmt-srggb8
pixfmt-srggb8-pisp-comp
pixfmt-srggb10
pixfmt-srggb10p
pixfmt-srggb10alaw8

74
Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/pixfmt-srggb8-pisp-comp.rst Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
.. _v4l2-pix-fmt-pisp-comp1-rggb:
.. _v4l2-pix-fmt-pisp-comp1-grbg:
.. _v4l2-pix-fmt-pisp-comp1-gbrg:
.. _v4l2-pix-fmt-pisp-comp1-bggr:
.. _v4l2-pix-fmt-pisp-comp1-mono:
.. _v4l2-pix-fmt-pisp-comp2-rggb:
.. _v4l2-pix-fmt-pisp-comp2-grbg:
.. _v4l2-pix-fmt-pisp-comp2-gbrg:
.. _v4l2-pix-fmt-pisp-comp2-bggr:
.. _v4l2-pix-fmt-pisp-comp2-mono:
**************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
V4L2_PIX_FMT_PISP_COMP1_RGGB ('PC1R'), V4L2_PIX_FMT_PISP_COMP1_GRBG ('PC1G'), V4L2_PIX_FMT_PISP_COMP1_GBRG ('PC1g'), V4L2_PIX_FMT_PISP_COMP1_BGGR ('PC1B), V4L2_PIX_FMT_PISP_COMP1_MONO ('PC1M'), V4L2_PIX_FMT_PISP_COMP2_RGGB ('PC2R'), V4L2_PIX_FMT_PISP_COMP2_GRBG ('PC2G'), V4L2_PIX_FMT_PISP_COMP2_GBRG ('PC2g'), V4L2_PIX_FMT_PISP_COMP2_BGGR ('PC2B), V4L2_PIX_FMT_PISP_COMP2_MONO ('PC2M')
**************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
================================================
Raspberry Pi PiSP compressed 8-bit Bayer formats
================================================
Description
===========
The Raspberry Pi ISP (PiSP) uses a family of three fixed-rate compressed Bayer
formats. A black-level offset may be subtracted to improve compression
efficiency; the nominal black level and amount of offset must be signalled out
of band. Each scanline is padded to a multiple of 8 pixels wide, and each block
of 8 horizontally-contiguous pixels is coded using 8 bytes.
Mode 1 uses a quantization and delta-based coding scheme which preserves up to
12 significant bits. Mode 2 is a simple sqrt-like companding scheme with 6 PWL
chords, preserving up to 12 significant bits. Mode 3 combines both companding
(with 4 chords) and the delta scheme, preserving up to 14 significant bits.
The remainder of this description applies to Modes 1 and 3.
Each block of 8 pixels is separated into even and odd phases of 4 pixels,
coded independently by 32-bit words at successive locations in memory.
The two LS bits of each 32-bit word give its "quantization mode".
In quantization mode 0, the lowest 321 quantization levels are multiples of
FSD/4096 and the remaining levels are successive multiples of FSD/2048.
Quantization modes 1 and 2 use linear quantization with step sizes of
FSD/1024 and FSD/512 respectively. Each of the four pixels is quantized
independently, with rounding to the nearest level.
In quantization mode 2 where the middle two samples have quantized values
(q1,q2) both in the range [384..511], they are coded using 9 bits for q1
followed by 7 bits for (q2 & 127). Otherwise, for quantization modes
0, 1 and 2: a 9-bit field encodes MIN(q1,q2) which must be in the range
[0..511] and a 7-bit field encodes (q2-q1+64) which must be in [0..127].
Each of the outer samples (q0,q3) is encoded using a 7-bit field based
on its inner neighbour q1 or q2. In quantization mode 2 where the inner
sample has a quantized value in the range [448..511], the field value is
(q0-384). Otherwise for quantization modes 0, 1 and 2: The outer sample
is encoded as (q0-MAX(0,q1-64)). q3 is likewise coded based on q2.
Each of these values must be in the range [0..127]. All these fields
of 2, 9, 7, 7, 7 bits respectively are packed in little-endian order
to give a 32-bit word with LE byte order.
Quantization mode 3 has a "7.5-bit" escape, used when none of the above
encodings will fit. Each pixel value is quantized to the nearest of 176
levels, where the lowest 95 levels are multiples of FSD/256 and the
remaining levels are multiples of FSD/128 (level 175 represents values
very close to FSD and may require saturating arithmetic to decode).
Each pair of quantized pixels (q0,q1) or (q2,q3) is jointly coded
by a 15-bit field: 2816*(q0>>4) + 16*q1 + (q0&15).
Three fields of 2, 15, 15 bits are packed in LE order {15,15,2}.
An implementation of a software decoder of compressed formats is available
in `Raspberry Pi camera applications code base
<https://github.com/raspberrypi/rpicam-apps/blob/main/image/dng.cpp>`_.

10
drivers/media/v4l2-core/v4l2-ioctl.c
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@ -1532,6 +1532,16 @@ static void v4l_fill_fmtdesc(struct v4l2_fmtdesc *fmt)
case V4L2_PIX_FMT_MT2110T: descr = "Mediatek 10bit Tile Mode"; break;
case V4L2_PIX_FMT_MT2110R: descr = "Mediatek 10bit Raster Mode"; break;
case V4L2_PIX_FMT_HEXTILE: descr = "Hextile Compressed Format"; break;
case V4L2_PIX_FMT_PISP_COMP1_RGGB: descr = "PiSP 8b RGRG/GBGB mode1 compr"; break;
case V4L2_PIX_FMT_PISP_COMP1_GRBG: descr = "PiSP 8b GRGR/BGBG mode1 compr"; break;
case V4L2_PIX_FMT_PISP_COMP1_GBRG: descr = "PiSP 8b GBGB/RGRG mode1 compr"; break;
case V4L2_PIX_FMT_PISP_COMP1_BGGR: descr = "PiSP 8b BGBG/GRGR mode1 compr"; break;
case V4L2_PIX_FMT_PISP_COMP1_MONO: descr = "PiSP 8b monochrome mode1 compr"; break;
case V4L2_PIX_FMT_PISP_COMP2_RGGB: descr = "PiSP 8b RGRG/GBGB mode2 compr"; break;
case V4L2_PIX_FMT_PISP_COMP2_GRBG: descr = "PiSP 8b GRGR/BGBG mode2 compr"; break;
case V4L2_PIX_FMT_PISP_COMP2_GBRG: descr = "PiSP 8b GBGB/RGRG mode2 compr"; break;
case V4L2_PIX_FMT_PISP_COMP2_BGGR: descr = "PiSP 8b BGBG/GRGR mode2 compr"; break;
case V4L2_PIX_FMT_PISP_COMP2_MONO: descr = "PiSP 8b monochrome mode2 compr"; break;
default:
if (fmt->description[0])
return;

12
include/uapi/linux/videodev2.h
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@ -816,6 +816,18 @@ struct v4l2_pix_format {
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_IPU3_SGRBG10 v4l2_fourcc('i', 'p', '3', 'G') /* IPU3 packed 10-bit GRBG bayer */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_IPU3_SRGGB10 v4l2_fourcc('i', 'p', '3', 'r') /* IPU3 packed 10-bit RGGB bayer */
/* Raspberry Pi PiSP compressed formats. */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_PISP_COMP1_RGGB v4l2_fourcc('P', 'C', '1', 'R') /* PiSP 8-bit mode 1 compressed RGGB bayer */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_PISP_COMP1_GRBG v4l2_fourcc('P', 'C', '1', 'G') /* PiSP 8-bit mode 1 compressed GRBG bayer */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_PISP_COMP1_GBRG v4l2_fourcc('P', 'C', '1', 'g') /* PiSP 8-bit mode 1 compressed GBRG bayer */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_PISP_COMP1_BGGR v4l2_fourcc('P', 'C', '1', 'B') /* PiSP 8-bit mode 1 compressed BGGR bayer */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_PISP_COMP1_MONO v4l2_fourcc('P', 'C', '1', 'M') /* PiSP 8-bit mode 1 compressed monochrome */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_PISP_COMP2_RGGB v4l2_fourcc('P', 'C', '2', 'R') /* PiSP 8-bit mode 2 compressed RGGB bayer */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_PISP_COMP2_GRBG v4l2_fourcc('P', 'C', '2', 'G') /* PiSP 8-bit mode 2 compressed GRBG bayer */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_PISP_COMP2_GBRG v4l2_fourcc('P', 'C', '2', 'g') /* PiSP 8-bit mode 2 compressed GBRG bayer */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_PISP_COMP2_BGGR v4l2_fourcc('P', 'C', '2', 'B') /* PiSP 8-bit mode 2 compressed BGGR bayer */
#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_PISP_COMP2_MONO v4l2_fourcc('P', 'C', '2', 'M') /* PiSP 8-bit mode 2 compressed monochrome */
/* SDR formats - used only for Software Defined Radio devices */
#define V4L2_SDR_FMT_CU8 v4l2_fourcc('C', 'U', '0', '8') /* IQ u8 */
#define V4L2_SDR_FMT_CU16LE v4l2_fourcc('C', 'U', '1', '6') /* IQ u16le */