ALSA: control: Use xarray for faster lookups

The control elements are managed in a single linked list and we
traverse the whole list for matching each numid or ctl id per every
inquiry of a control element.  This is OK-ish for a small number of
elements but obviously it doesn't scale.  Especially the matching with
the ctl id takes time because it checks each field of the snd_ctl_id
element, e.g. the name string is matched with strcmp().

This patch adds the hash tables with Xarray for improving the lookup
speed of a control element.  There are two xarray tables added to the
card; one for numid and another for ctl id.  For the numid, we use the
numid as the index, while for the ctl id, we calculate a hash key.

The lookup is done via a single xa_load() execution.  As long as the
given control element is found on the Xarray table, that's fine, we
can give back a quick lookup result.  The problem is when no entry
hits on the table, and for this case, we have a slight optimization.
Namely, the driver checks whether we had a collision on Xarray table,
and do a fallback search (linear lookup of the full entries) only if a
hash key collision happened beforehand.
So, in theory, the inquiry for a non-existing element might take still
time even with this patch in a worst case, but this must be pretty
rare.

The feature is enabled via CONFIG_SND_CTL_FAST_LOOKUP, which is turned
on as default.  For simplicity, the option can be turned off only when
CONFIG_EXPERT is set ("You are expert? Then you manage 1000 knobs").

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211028130027.18764-1-tiwai@suse.de
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220609180504.775-1-tiwai@suse.de
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/cover.1653813866.git.quic_rbankapu@quicinc.com/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220610064537.18660-1-tiwai@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

include/sound/core.h

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include <linux/pm.h>			/* pm_message_t */
 #include <linux/stringify.h>
 #include <linux/printk.h>
+#include <linux/xarray.h>
 
 /* number of supported soundcards */
 #ifdef CONFIG_SND_DYNAMIC_MINORS
@@ -103,6 +104,11 @@ struct snd_card {
 	size_t user_ctl_alloc_size;	// current memory allocation by user controls.
 	struct list_head controls;	/* all controls for this card */
 	struct list_head ctl_files;	/* active control files */
+#ifdef CONFIG_SND_CTL_FAST_LOOKUP
+	struct xarray ctl_numids;	/* hash table for numids */
+	struct xarray ctl_hash;		/* hash table for ctl id matching */
+	bool ctl_hash_collision;	/* ctl_hash collision seen? */
+#endif
 
 	struct snd_info_entry *proc_root;	/* root for soundcard specific files */
 	struct proc_dir_entry *proc_root_link;	/* number link to real id */

sound/core/Kconfig

@@ -154,6 +154,16 @@ config SND_VERBOSE_PRINTK
 
 	  You don't need this unless you're debugging ALSA.
 
+config SND_CTL_FAST_LOOKUP
+	bool "Fast lookup of control elements" if EXPERT
+	default y
+	select XARRAY_MULTI
+	help
+	  This option enables the faster lookup of control elements.
+	  It will consume more memory because of the additional Xarray.
+	  If you want to choose the memory footprint over the performance
+	  inevitably, turn this off.
+
 config SND_DEBUG
 	bool "Debug"
 	help

sound/core/control.c

@@ -364,6 +364,93 @@ static int snd_ctl_find_hole(struct snd_card *card, unsigned int count)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/* check whether the given id is contained in the given kctl */
+static bool elem_id_matches(const struct snd_kcontrol *kctl,
+			    const struct snd_ctl_elem_id *id)
+{
+	return kctl->id.iface == id->iface &&
+		kctl->id.device == id->device &&
+		kctl->id.subdevice == id->subdevice &&
+		!strncmp(kctl->id.name, id->name, sizeof(kctl->id.name)) &&
+		kctl->id.index <= id->index &&
+		kctl->id.index + kctl->count > id->index;
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_SND_CTL_FAST_LOOKUP
+/* Compute a hash key for the corresponding ctl id
+ * It's for the name lookup, hence the numid is excluded.
+ * The hash key is bound in LONG_MAX to be used for Xarray key.
+ */
+#define MULTIPLIER	37
+static unsigned long get_ctl_id_hash(const struct snd_ctl_elem_id *id)
+{
+	unsigned long h;
+	const unsigned char *p;
+
+	h = id->iface;
+	h = MULTIPLIER * h + id->device;
+	h = MULTIPLIER * h + id->subdevice;
+	for (p = id->name; *p; p++)
+		h = MULTIPLIER * h + *p;
+	h = MULTIPLIER * h + id->index;
+	h &= LONG_MAX;
+	return h;
+}
+
+/* add hash entries to numid and ctl xarray tables */
+static void add_hash_entries(struct snd_card *card,
+			     struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol)
+{
+	struct snd_ctl_elem_id id = kcontrol->id;
+	int i;
+
+	xa_store_range(&card->ctl_numids, kcontrol->id.numid,
+		       kcontrol->id.numid + kcontrol->count - 1,
+		       kcontrol, GFP_KERNEL);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < kcontrol->count; i++) {
+		id.index = kcontrol->id.index + i;
+		if (xa_insert(&card->ctl_hash, get_ctl_id_hash(&id),
+			      kcontrol, GFP_KERNEL)) {
+			/* skip hash for this entry, noting we had collision */
+			card->ctl_hash_collision = true;
+			dev_dbg(card->dev, "ctl_hash collision %d:%s:%d\n",
+				id.iface, id.name, id.index);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/* remove hash entries that have been added */
+static void remove_hash_entries(struct snd_card *card,
+				struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol)
+{
+	struct snd_ctl_elem_id id = kcontrol->id;
+	struct snd_kcontrol *matched;
+	unsigned long h;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < kcontrol->count; i++) {
+		xa_erase(&card->ctl_numids, id.numid);
+		h = get_ctl_id_hash(&id);
+		matched = xa_load(&card->ctl_hash, h);
+		if (matched && (matched == kcontrol ||
+				elem_id_matches(matched, &id)))
+			xa_erase(&card->ctl_hash, h);
+		id.index++;
+		id.numid++;
+	}
+}
+#else /* CONFIG_SND_CTL_FAST_LOOKUP */
+static inline void add_hash_entries(struct snd_card *card,
+				    struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol)
+{
+}
+static inline void remove_hash_entries(struct snd_card *card,
+				       struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol)
+{
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_SND_CTL_FAST_LOOKUP */
+
 enum snd_ctl_add_mode {
 	CTL_ADD_EXCLUSIVE, CTL_REPLACE, CTL_ADD_ON_REPLACE,
 };
@@ -408,6 +495,8 @@ static int __snd_ctl_add_replace(struct snd_card *card,
 	kcontrol->id.numid = card->last_numid + 1;
 	card->last_numid += kcontrol->count;
 
+	add_hash_entries(card, kcontrol);
+
 	for (idx = 0; idx < kcontrol->count; idx++)
 		snd_ctl_notify_one(card, SNDRV_CTL_EVENT_MASK_ADD, kcontrol, idx);
 
@@ -479,6 +568,26 @@ int snd_ctl_replace(struct snd_card *card, struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ctl_replace);
 
+static int __snd_ctl_remove(struct snd_card *card,
+			    struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
+			    bool remove_hash)
+{
+	unsigned int idx;
+
+	if (snd_BUG_ON(!card || !kcontrol))
+		return -EINVAL;
+	list_del(&kcontrol->list);
+
+	if (remove_hash)
+		remove_hash_entries(card, kcontrol);
+
+	card->controls_count -= kcontrol->count;
+	for (idx = 0; idx < kcontrol->count; idx++)
+		snd_ctl_notify_one(card, SNDRV_CTL_EVENT_MASK_REMOVE, kcontrol, idx);
+	snd_ctl_free_one(kcontrol);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /**
  * snd_ctl_remove - remove the control from the card and release it
  * @card: the card instance
@@ -492,16 +601,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ctl_replace);
  */
 int snd_ctl_remove(struct snd_card *card, struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol)
 {
-	unsigned int idx;
+	return __snd_ctl_remove(card, kcontrol, true);
-
-	if (snd_BUG_ON(!card || !kcontrol))
-		return -EINVAL;
-	list_del(&kcontrol->list);
-	card->controls_count -= kcontrol->count;
-	for (idx = 0; idx < kcontrol->count; idx++)
-		snd_ctl_notify_one(card, SNDRV_CTL_EVENT_MASK_REMOVE, kcontrol, idx);
-	snd_ctl_free_one(kcontrol);
-	return 0;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ctl_remove);
 
@@ -642,14 +742,30 @@ int snd_ctl_rename_id(struct snd_card *card, struct snd_ctl_elem_id *src_id,
 		up_write(&card->controls_rwsem);
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
+	remove_hash_entries(card, kctl);
 	kctl->id = *dst_id;
 	kctl->id.numid = card->last_numid + 1;
 	card->last_numid += kctl->count;
+	add_hash_entries(card, kctl);
 	up_write(&card->controls_rwsem);
 	return 0;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ctl_rename_id);
 
+#ifndef CONFIG_SND_CTL_FAST_LOOKUP
+static struct snd_kcontrol *
+snd_ctl_find_numid_slow(struct snd_card *card, unsigned int numid)
+{
+	struct snd_kcontrol *kctl;
+
+	list_for_each_entry(kctl, &card->controls, list) {
+		if (kctl->id.numid <= numid && kctl->id.numid + kctl->count > numid)
+			return kctl;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+#endif /* !CONFIG_SND_CTL_FAST_LOOKUP */
+
 /**
  * snd_ctl_find_numid - find the control instance with the given number-id
  * @card: the card instance
@@ -665,15 +781,13 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ctl_rename_id);
  */
 struct snd_kcontrol *snd_ctl_find_numid(struct snd_card *card, unsigned int numid)
 {
-	struct snd_kcontrol *kctl;
-
 	if (snd_BUG_ON(!card || !numid))
 		return NULL;
-	list_for_each_entry(kctl, &card->controls, list) {
+#ifdef CONFIG_SND_CTL_FAST_LOOKUP
-		if (kctl->id.numid <= numid && kctl->id.numid + kctl->count > numid)
+	return xa_load(&card->ctl_numids, numid);
-			return kctl;
+#else
-	}
+	return snd_ctl_find_numid_slow(card, numid);
-	return NULL;
+#endif
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ctl_find_numid);
 
@@ -699,21 +813,18 @@ struct snd_kcontrol *snd_ctl_find_id(struct snd_card *card,
 		return NULL;
 	if (id->numid != 0)
 		return snd_ctl_find_numid(card, id->numid);
-	list_for_each_entry(kctl, &card->controls, list) {
+#ifdef CONFIG_SND_CTL_FAST_LOOKUP
-		if (kctl->id.iface != id->iface)
+	kctl = xa_load(&card->ctl_hash, get_ctl_id_hash(id));
-			continue;
+	if (kctl && elem_id_matches(kctl, id))
-		if (kctl->id.device != id->device)
-			continue;
-		if (kctl->id.subdevice != id->subdevice)
-			continue;
-		if (strncmp(kctl->id.name, id->name, sizeof(kctl->id.name)))
-			continue;
-		if (kctl->id.index > id->index)
-			continue;
-		if (kctl->id.index + kctl->count <= id->index)
-			continue;
 		return kctl;
-	}
+	if (!card->ctl_hash_collision)
+		return NULL; /* we can rely on only hash table */
+#endif
+	/* no matching in hash table - try all as the last resort */
+	list_for_each_entry(kctl, &card->controls, list)
+		if (elem_id_matches(kctl, id))
+			return kctl;
+
 	return NULL;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ctl_find_id);
@@ -2195,8 +2306,13 @@ static int snd_ctl_dev_free(struct snd_device *device)
 	down_write(&card->controls_rwsem);
 	while (!list_empty(&card->controls)) {
 		control = snd_kcontrol(card->controls.next);
-		snd_ctl_remove(card, control);
+		__snd_ctl_remove(card, control, false);
 	}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_SND_CTL_FAST_LOOKUP
+	xa_destroy(&card->ctl_numids);
+	xa_destroy(&card->ctl_hash);
+#endif
 	up_write(&card->controls_rwsem);
 	put_device(&card->ctl_dev);
 	return 0;

sound/core/init.c

@@ -310,6 +310,10 @@ static int snd_card_init(struct snd_card *card, struct device *parent,
 	rwlock_init(&card->ctl_files_rwlock);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&card->controls);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&card->ctl_files);
+#ifdef CONFIG_SND_CTL_FAST_LOOKUP
+	xa_init(&card->ctl_numids);
+	xa_init(&card->ctl_hash);
+#endif
 	spin_lock_init(&card->files_lock);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&card->files_list);
 	mutex_init(&card->memory_mutex);