batman-adv: Snoop DHCPACKs for DAT

In a 1000 nodes mesh network (Freifunk Hamburg) we can still see
30KBit/s of ARP traffic (equalling about 25% of all layer two
specific overhead, remaining after some filtering) flooded through
the mesh. These 30KBit/s are mainly ARP Requests from the
gateways / DHCP servers.

By snooping DHCPACKs we can learn about MAC/IP address pairs
in the DHCP range without relying on ARP. This patch is in preparation
to eliminate the need for mesh wide message flooding for IPv4 address
resolution.

Also this allows to quickly update a MAC/IP pair at least in the DHT when
DHCP reassigns an IP address to a new host.

Signed-off-by: Linus Lüssing <linus.luessing@c0d3.blue>
Signed-off-by: Sven Eckelmann <sven@narfation.org>
Signed-off-by: Simon Wunderlich <sw@simonwunderlich.de>

net/batman-adv/distributed-arp-table.c

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "distributed-arp-table.h"
 #include "main.h"
 
+#include <asm/unaligned.h>
 #include <linux/atomic.h>
 #include <linux/bitops.h>
 #include <linux/byteorder/generic.h>
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@
 #include <linux/if_ether.h>
 #include <linux/if_vlan.h>
 #include <linux/in.h>
+#include <linux/ip.h>
 #include <linux/jiffies.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/kref.h>
@@ -42,6 +44,7 @@
 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
 #include <linux/stddef.h>
 #include <linux/string.h>
+#include <linux/udp.h>
 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
 #include <net/arp.h>
 #include <net/genetlink.h>
@@ -60,6 +63,49 @@
 #include "translation-table.h"
 #include "tvlv.h"
 
+enum batadv_bootpop {
+	BATADV_BOOTREPLY	= 2,
+};
+
+enum batadv_boothtype {
+	BATADV_HTYPE_ETHERNET	= 1,
+};
+
+enum batadv_dhcpoptioncode {
+	BATADV_DHCP_OPT_PAD		= 0,
+	BATADV_DHCP_OPT_MSG_TYPE	= 53,
+	BATADV_DHCP_OPT_END		= 255,
+};
+
+enum batadv_dhcptype {
+	BATADV_DHCPACK		= 5,
+};
+
+/* { 99, 130, 83, 99 } */
+#define BATADV_DHCP_MAGIC 1669485411
+
+struct batadv_dhcp_packet {
+	__u8 op;
+	__u8 htype;
+	__u8 hlen;
+	__u8 hops;
+	__be32 xid;
+	__be16 secs;
+	__be16 flags;
+	__be32 ciaddr;
+	__be32 yiaddr;
+	__be32 siaddr;
+	__be32 giaddr;
+	__u8 chaddr[16];
+	__u8 sname[64];
+	__u8 file[128];
+	__be32 magic;
+	__u8 options[0];
+};
+
+#define BATADV_DHCP_YIADDR_LEN sizeof(((struct batadv_dhcp_packet *)0)->yiaddr)
+#define BATADV_DHCP_CHADDR_LEN sizeof(((struct batadv_dhcp_packet *)0)->chaddr)
+
 static void batadv_dat_purge(struct work_struct *work);
 
 /**
@@ -1439,6 +1485,359 @@ out:
 	return dropped;
 }
 
+/**
+ * batadv_dat_check_dhcp_ipudp() - check skb for IP+UDP headers valid for DHCP
+ * @skb: the packet to check
+ * @ip_src: a buffer to store the IPv4 source address in
+ *
+ * Checks whether the given skb has an IP and UDP header valid for a DHCP
+ * message from a DHCP server. And if so, stores the IPv4 source address in
+ * the provided buffer.
+ *
+ * Return: True if valid, false otherwise.
+ */
+static bool
+batadv_dat_check_dhcp_ipudp(struct sk_buff *skb, __be32 *ip_src)
+{
+	unsigned int offset = skb_network_offset(skb);
+	struct udphdr *udphdr, _udphdr;
+	struct iphdr *iphdr, _iphdr;
+
+	iphdr = skb_header_pointer(skb, offset, sizeof(_iphdr), &_iphdr);
+	if (!iphdr || iphdr->version != 4 || iphdr->ihl * 4 < sizeof(_iphdr))
+		return false;
+
+	if (iphdr->protocol != IPPROTO_UDP)
+		return false;
+
+	offset += iphdr->ihl * 4;
+	skb_set_transport_header(skb, offset);
+
+	udphdr = skb_header_pointer(skb, offset, sizeof(_udphdr), &_udphdr);
+	if (!udphdr || udphdr->source != htons(67))
+		return false;
+
+	*ip_src = get_unaligned(&iphdr->saddr);
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * batadv_dat_check_dhcp() - examine packet for valid DHCP message
+ * @skb: the packet to check
+ * @proto: ethernet protocol hint (behind a potential vlan)
+ * @ip_src: a buffer to store the IPv4 source address in
+ *
+ * Checks whether the given skb is a valid DHCP packet. And if so, stores the
+ * IPv4 source address in the provided buffer.
+ *
+ * Caller needs to ensure that the skb network header is set correctly.
+ *
+ * Return: If skb is a valid DHCP packet, then returns its op code
+ * (e.g. BOOTREPLY vs. BOOTREQUEST). Otherwise returns -EINVAL.
+ */
+static int
+batadv_dat_check_dhcp(struct sk_buff *skb, __be16 proto, __be32 *ip_src)
+{
+	__be32 *magic, _magic;
+	unsigned int offset;
+	struct {
+		__u8 op;
+		__u8 htype;
+		__u8 hlen;
+		__u8 hops;
+	} *dhcp_h, _dhcp_h;
+
+	if (proto != htons(ETH_P_IP))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (!batadv_dat_check_dhcp_ipudp(skb, ip_src))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	offset = skb_transport_offset(skb) + sizeof(struct udphdr);
+	if (skb->len < offset + sizeof(struct batadv_dhcp_packet))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	dhcp_h = skb_header_pointer(skb, offset, sizeof(_dhcp_h), &_dhcp_h);
+	if (!dhcp_h || dhcp_h->htype != BATADV_HTYPE_ETHERNET ||
+	    dhcp_h->hlen != ETH_ALEN)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	offset += offsetof(struct batadv_dhcp_packet, magic);
+
+	magic = skb_header_pointer(skb, offset, sizeof(_magic), &_magic);
+	if (!magic || get_unaligned(magic) != htonl(BATADV_DHCP_MAGIC))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	return dhcp_h->op;
+}
+
+/**
+ * batadv_dat_get_dhcp_message_type() - get message type of a DHCP packet
+ * @skb: the DHCP packet to parse
+ *
+ * Iterates over the DHCP options of the given DHCP packet to find a
+ * DHCP Message Type option and parse it.
+ *
+ * Caller needs to ensure that the given skb is a valid DHCP packet and
+ * that the skb transport header is set correctly.
+ *
+ * Return: The found DHCP message type value, if found. -EINVAL otherwise.
+ */
+static int batadv_dat_get_dhcp_message_type(struct sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	unsigned int offset = skb_transport_offset(skb) + sizeof(struct udphdr);
+	u8 *type, _type;
+	struct {
+		u8 type;
+		u8 len;
+	} *tl, _tl;
+
+	offset += sizeof(struct batadv_dhcp_packet);
+
+	while ((tl = skb_header_pointer(skb, offset, sizeof(_tl), &_tl))) {
+		if (tl->type == BATADV_DHCP_OPT_MSG_TYPE)
+			break;
+
+		if (tl->type == BATADV_DHCP_OPT_END)
+			break;
+
+		if (tl->type == BATADV_DHCP_OPT_PAD)
+			offset++;
+		else
+			offset += tl->len + sizeof(_tl);
+	}
+
+	/* Option Overload Code not supported */
+	if (!tl || tl->type != BATADV_DHCP_OPT_MSG_TYPE ||
+	    tl->len != sizeof(_type))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	offset += sizeof(_tl);
+
+	type = skb_header_pointer(skb, offset, sizeof(_type), &_type);
+	if (!type)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	return *type;
+}
+
+/**
+ * batadv_dat_get_dhcp_yiaddr() - get yiaddr from a DHCP packet
+ * @skb: the DHCP packet to parse
+ * @buf: a buffer to store the yiaddr in
+ *
+ * Caller needs to ensure that the given skb is a valid DHCP packet and
+ * that the skb transport header is set correctly.
+ *
+ * Return: True on success, false otherwise.
+ */
+static bool batadv_dat_dhcp_get_yiaddr(struct sk_buff *skb, __be32 *buf)
+{
+	unsigned int offset = skb_transport_offset(skb) + sizeof(struct udphdr);
+	__be32 *yiaddr;
+
+	offset += offsetof(struct batadv_dhcp_packet, yiaddr);
+	yiaddr = skb_header_pointer(skb, offset, BATADV_DHCP_YIADDR_LEN, buf);
+
+	if (!yiaddr)
+		return false;
+
+	if (yiaddr != buf)
+		*buf = get_unaligned(yiaddr);
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * batadv_dat_get_dhcp_chaddr() - get chaddr from a DHCP packet
+ * @skb: the DHCP packet to parse
+ * @buf: a buffer to store the chaddr in
+ *
+ * Caller needs to ensure that the given skb is a valid DHCP packet and
+ * that the skb transport header is set correctly.
+ *
+ * Return: True on success, false otherwise
+ */
+static bool batadv_dat_get_dhcp_chaddr(struct sk_buff *skb, u8 *buf)
+{
+	unsigned int offset = skb_transport_offset(skb) + sizeof(struct udphdr);
+	u8 *chaddr;
+
+	offset += offsetof(struct batadv_dhcp_packet, chaddr);
+	chaddr = skb_header_pointer(skb, offset, BATADV_DHCP_CHADDR_LEN, buf);
+
+	if (!chaddr)
+		return false;
+
+	if (chaddr != buf)
+		memcpy(buf, chaddr, BATADV_DHCP_CHADDR_LEN);
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * batadv_dat_put_dhcp() - puts addresses from a DHCP packet into the DHT and
+ *  DAT cache
+ * @bat_priv: the bat priv with all the soft interface information
+ * @chaddr: the DHCP client MAC address
+ * @yiaddr: the DHCP client IP address
+ * @hw_dst: the DHCP server MAC address
+ * @ip_dst: the DHCP server IP address
+ * @vid: VLAN identifier
+ *
+ * Adds given MAC/IP pairs to the local DAT cache and propagates them further
+ * into the DHT.
+ *
+ * For the DHT propagation, client MAC + IP will appear as the ARP Reply
+ * transmitter (and hw_dst/ip_dst as the target).
+ */
+static void batadv_dat_put_dhcp(struct batadv_priv *bat_priv, u8 *chaddr,
+				__be32 yiaddr, u8 *hw_dst, __be32 ip_dst,
+				unsigned short vid)
+{
+	struct sk_buff *skb;
+
+	skb = batadv_dat_arp_create_reply(bat_priv, yiaddr, ip_dst, chaddr,
+					  hw_dst, vid);
+	if (!skb)
+		return;
+
+	skb_set_network_header(skb, ETH_HLEN);
+
+	batadv_dat_entry_add(bat_priv, yiaddr, chaddr, vid);
+	batadv_dat_entry_add(bat_priv, ip_dst, hw_dst, vid);
+
+	batadv_dat_send_data(bat_priv, skb, yiaddr, vid, BATADV_P_DAT_DHT_PUT);
+	batadv_dat_send_data(bat_priv, skb, ip_dst, vid, BATADV_P_DAT_DHT_PUT);
+
+	batadv_dbg(BATADV_DBG_DAT, bat_priv,
+		   "Snooped from outgoing DHCPACK (server address): %pI4, %pM (vid: %i)\n",
+		   &ip_dst, hw_dst, batadv_print_vid(vid));
+	batadv_dbg(BATADV_DBG_DAT, bat_priv,
+		   "Snooped from outgoing DHCPACK (client address): %pI4, %pM (vid: %i)\n",
+		   &yiaddr, chaddr, batadv_print_vid(vid));
+}
+
+/**
+ * batadv_dat_check_dhcp_ack() - examine packet for valid DHCP message
+ * @skb: the packet to check
+ * @proto: ethernet protocol hint (behind a potential vlan)
+ * @ip_src: a buffer to store the IPv4 source address in
+ * @chaddr: a buffer to store the DHCP Client Hardware Address in
+ * @yiaddr: a buffer to store the DHCP Your IP Address in
+ *
+ * Checks whether the given skb is a valid DHCPACK. And if so, stores the
+ * IPv4 server source address (ip_src), client MAC address (chaddr) and client
+ * IPv4 address (yiaddr) in the provided buffers.
+ *
+ * Caller needs to ensure that the skb network header is set correctly.
+ *
+ * Return: True if the skb is a valid DHCPACK. False otherwise.
+ */
+static bool
+batadv_dat_check_dhcp_ack(struct sk_buff *skb, __be16 proto, __be32 *ip_src,
+			  u8 *chaddr, __be32 *yiaddr)
+{
+	int type;
+
+	type = batadv_dat_check_dhcp(skb, proto, ip_src);
+	if (type != BATADV_BOOTREPLY)
+		return false;
+
+	type = batadv_dat_get_dhcp_message_type(skb);
+	if (type != BATADV_DHCPACK)
+		return false;
+
+	if (!batadv_dat_dhcp_get_yiaddr(skb, yiaddr))
+		return false;
+
+	if (!batadv_dat_get_dhcp_chaddr(skb, chaddr))
+		return false;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * batadv_dat_snoop_outgoing_dhcp_ack() - snoop DHCPACK and fill DAT with it
+ * @bat_priv: the bat priv with all the soft interface information
+ * @skb: the packet to snoop
+ * @proto: ethernet protocol hint (behind a potential vlan)
+ * @vid: VLAN identifier
+ *
+ * This function first checks whether the given skb is a valid DHCPACK. If
+ * so then its source MAC and IP as well as its DHCP Client Hardware Address
+ * field and DHCP Your IP Address field are added to the local DAT cache and
+ * propagated into the DHT.
+ *
+ * Caller needs to ensure that the skb mac and network headers are set
+ * correctly.
+ */
+void batadv_dat_snoop_outgoing_dhcp_ack(struct batadv_priv *bat_priv,
+					struct sk_buff *skb,
+					__be16 proto,
+					unsigned short vid)
+{
+	u8 chaddr[BATADV_DHCP_CHADDR_LEN];
+	__be32 ip_src, yiaddr;
+
+	if (!atomic_read(&bat_priv->distributed_arp_table))
+		return;
+
+	if (!batadv_dat_check_dhcp_ack(skb, proto, &ip_src, chaddr, &yiaddr))
+		return;
+
+	batadv_dat_put_dhcp(bat_priv, chaddr, yiaddr, eth_hdr(skb)->h_source,
+			    ip_src, vid);
+}
+
+/**
+ * batadv_dat_snoop_incoming_dhcp_ack() - snoop DHCPACK and fill DAT cache
+ * @bat_priv: the bat priv with all the soft interface information
+ * @skb: the packet to snoop
+ * @hdr_size: header size, up to the tail of the batman-adv header
+ *
+ * This function first checks whether the given skb is a valid DHCPACK. If
+ * so then its source MAC and IP as well as its DHCP Client Hardware Address
+ * field and DHCP Your IP Address field are added to the local DAT cache.
+ */
+void batadv_dat_snoop_incoming_dhcp_ack(struct batadv_priv *bat_priv,
+					struct sk_buff *skb, int hdr_size)
+{
+	u8 chaddr[BATADV_DHCP_CHADDR_LEN];
+	struct ethhdr *ethhdr;
+	__be32 ip_src, yiaddr;
+	unsigned short vid;
+	__be16 proto;
+	u8 *hw_src;
+
+	if (!atomic_read(&bat_priv->distributed_arp_table))
+		return;
+
+	if (unlikely(!pskb_may_pull(skb, hdr_size + ETH_HLEN)))
+		return;
+
+	ethhdr = (struct ethhdr *)(skb->data + hdr_size);
+	skb_set_network_header(skb, hdr_size + ETH_HLEN);
+	proto = ethhdr->h_proto;
+
+	if (!batadv_dat_check_dhcp_ack(skb, proto, &ip_src, chaddr, &yiaddr))
+		return;
+
+	hw_src = ethhdr->h_source;
+	vid = batadv_dat_get_vid(skb, &hdr_size);
+
+	batadv_dat_entry_add(bat_priv, yiaddr, chaddr, vid);
+	batadv_dat_entry_add(bat_priv, ip_src, hw_src, vid);
+
+	batadv_dbg(BATADV_DBG_DAT, bat_priv,
+		   "Snooped from incoming DHCPACK (server address): %pI4, %pM (vid: %i)\n",
+		   &ip_src, hw_src, batadv_print_vid(vid));
+	batadv_dbg(BATADV_DBG_DAT, bat_priv,
+		   "Snooped from incoming DHCPACK (client address): %pI4, %pM (vid: %i)\n",
+		   &yiaddr, chaddr, batadv_print_vid(vid));
+}
+
 /**
  * batadv_dat_drop_broadcast_packet() - check if an ARP request has to be
  *  dropped (because the node has already obtained the reply via DAT) or not

net/batman-adv/distributed-arp-table.h

@@ -46,6 +46,12 @@ void batadv_dat_snoop_outgoing_arp_reply(struct batadv_priv *bat_priv,
 					 struct sk_buff *skb);
 bool batadv_dat_snoop_incoming_arp_reply(struct batadv_priv *bat_priv,
 					 struct sk_buff *skb, int hdr_size);
+void batadv_dat_snoop_outgoing_dhcp_ack(struct batadv_priv *bat_priv,
+					struct sk_buff *skb,
+					__be16 proto,
+					unsigned short vid);
+void batadv_dat_snoop_incoming_dhcp_ack(struct batadv_priv *bat_priv,
+					struct sk_buff *skb, int hdr_size);
 bool batadv_dat_drop_broadcast_packet(struct batadv_priv *bat_priv,
 				      struct batadv_forw_packet *forw_packet);
 
@@ -140,6 +146,19 @@ batadv_dat_snoop_incoming_arp_reply(struct batadv_priv *bat_priv,
 	return false;
 }
 
+static inline void
+batadv_dat_snoop_outgoing_dhcp_ack(struct batadv_priv *bat_priv,
+				   struct sk_buff *skb, __be16 proto,
+				   unsigned short vid)
+{
+}
+
+static inline void
+batadv_dat_snoop_incoming_dhcp_ack(struct batadv_priv *bat_priv,
+				   struct sk_buff *skb, int hdr_size)
+{
+}
+
 static inline bool
 batadv_dat_drop_broadcast_packet(struct batadv_priv *bat_priv,
 				 struct batadv_forw_packet *forw_packet)

net/batman-adv/routing.c

@@ -1043,6 +1043,8 @@ int batadv_recv_unicast_packet(struct sk_buff *skb,
 							hdr_size))
 			goto rx_success;
 
+		batadv_dat_snoop_incoming_dhcp_ack(bat_priv, skb, hdr_size);
+
 		batadv_interface_rx(recv_if->soft_iface, skb, hdr_size,
 				    orig_node);
 
@@ -1278,6 +1280,8 @@ int batadv_recv_bcast_packet(struct sk_buff *skb,
 	if (batadv_dat_snoop_incoming_arp_reply(bat_priv, skb, hdr_size))
 		goto rx_success;
 
+	batadv_dat_snoop_incoming_dhcp_ack(bat_priv, skb, hdr_size);
+
 	/* broadcast for me */
 	batadv_interface_rx(recv_if->soft_iface, skb, hdr_size, orig_node);
 

net/batman-adv/soft-interface.c

@@ -212,6 +212,7 @@ static netdev_tx_t batadv_interface_tx(struct sk_buff *skb,
 	enum batadv_forw_mode forw_mode;
 	struct batadv_orig_node *mcast_single_orig = NULL;
 	int network_offset = ETH_HLEN;
+	__be16 proto;
 
 	if (atomic_read(&bat_priv->mesh_state) != BATADV_MESH_ACTIVE)
 		goto dropped;
@@ -223,12 +224,15 @@ static netdev_tx_t batadv_interface_tx(struct sk_buff *skb,
 	vid = batadv_get_vid(skb, 0);
 	ethhdr = eth_hdr(skb);
 
-	switch (ntohs(ethhdr->h_proto)) {
+	proto = ethhdr->h_proto;
+
+	switch (ntohs(proto)) {
 	case ETH_P_8021Q:
 		vhdr = vlan_eth_hdr(skb);
+		proto = vhdr->h_vlan_encapsulated_proto;
 
 		/* drop batman-in-batman packets to prevent loops */
-		if (vhdr->h_vlan_encapsulated_proto != htons(ETH_P_BATMAN)) {
+		if (proto != htons(ETH_P_BATMAN)) {
 			network_offset += VLAN_HLEN;
 			break;
 		}
@@ -256,6 +260,9 @@ static netdev_tx_t batadv_interface_tx(struct sk_buff *skb,
 			goto dropped;
 	}
 
+	/* Snoop address candidates from DHCPACKs for early DAT filling */
+	batadv_dat_snoop_outgoing_dhcp_ack(bat_priv, skb, proto, vid);
+
 	/* don't accept stp packets. STP does not help in meshes.
 	 * better use the bridge loop avoidance ...
 	 *