linux/kernel/time/tick-broadcast-hrtimer.c

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License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-01 22:07:57 +08:00
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
tick: Introduce hrtimer based broadcast On some architectures, in certain CPU deep idle states the local timers stop. An external clock device is used to wakeup these CPUs. The kernel support for the wakeup of these CPUs is provided by the tick broadcast framework by using the external clock device as the wakeup source. However not all implementations of architectures provide such an external clock device. This patch includes support in the broadcast framework to handle the wakeup of the CPUs in deep idle states on such systems by queuing a hrtimer on one of the CPUs, which is meant to handle the wakeup of CPUs in deep idle states. This patchset introduces a pseudo clock device which can be registered by the archs as tick_broadcast_device in the absence of a real external clock device. Once registered, the broadcast framework will work as is for these architectures as long as the archs take care of the BROADCAST_ENTER notification failing for one of the CPUs. This CPU is made the stand by CPU to handle wakeup of the CPUs in deep idle and it *must not enter deep idle states*. The CPU with the earliest wakeup is chosen to be this CPU. Hence this way the stand by CPU dynamically moves around and so does the hrtimer which is queued to trigger at the next earliest wakeup time. This is consistent with the case where an external clock device is present. The smp affinity of this clock device is set to the CPU with the earliest wakeup. This patchset handles the hotplug of the stand by CPU as well by moving the hrtimer on to the CPU handling the CPU_DEAD notification. Originally-from: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Preeti U Murthy <preeti@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: deepthi@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: fweisbec@gmail.com Cc: paulus@samba.org Cc: srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: peterz@infradead.org Cc: benh@kernel.crashing.org Cc: rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140207080632.17187.80532.stgit@preeti.in.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2014-02-07 16:06:32 +08:00
/*
* Emulate a local clock event device via a pseudo clock device.
tick: Introduce hrtimer based broadcast On some architectures, in certain CPU deep idle states the local timers stop. An external clock device is used to wakeup these CPUs. The kernel support for the wakeup of these CPUs is provided by the tick broadcast framework by using the external clock device as the wakeup source. However not all implementations of architectures provide such an external clock device. This patch includes support in the broadcast framework to handle the wakeup of the CPUs in deep idle states on such systems by queuing a hrtimer on one of the CPUs, which is meant to handle the wakeup of CPUs in deep idle states. This patchset introduces a pseudo clock device which can be registered by the archs as tick_broadcast_device in the absence of a real external clock device. Once registered, the broadcast framework will work as is for these architectures as long as the archs take care of the BROADCAST_ENTER notification failing for one of the CPUs. This CPU is made the stand by CPU to handle wakeup of the CPUs in deep idle and it *must not enter deep idle states*. The CPU with the earliest wakeup is chosen to be this CPU. Hence this way the stand by CPU dynamically moves around and so does the hrtimer which is queued to trigger at the next earliest wakeup time. This is consistent with the case where an external clock device is present. The smp affinity of this clock device is set to the CPU with the earliest wakeup. This patchset handles the hotplug of the stand by CPU as well by moving the hrtimer on to the CPU handling the CPU_DEAD notification. Originally-from: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Preeti U Murthy <preeti@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: deepthi@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: fweisbec@gmail.com Cc: paulus@samba.org Cc: srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: peterz@infradead.org Cc: benh@kernel.crashing.org Cc: rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140207080632.17187.80532.stgit@preeti.in.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2014-02-07 16:06:32 +08:00
*/
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/err.h>
#include <linux/hrtimer.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/profile.h>
#include <linux/clockchips.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/smp.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include "tick-internal.h"
static struct hrtimer bctimer;
static int bc_shutdown(struct clock_event_device *evt)
tick: Introduce hrtimer based broadcast On some architectures, in certain CPU deep idle states the local timers stop. An external clock device is used to wakeup these CPUs. The kernel support for the wakeup of these CPUs is provided by the tick broadcast framework by using the external clock device as the wakeup source. However not all implementations of architectures provide such an external clock device. This patch includes support in the broadcast framework to handle the wakeup of the CPUs in deep idle states on such systems by queuing a hrtimer on one of the CPUs, which is meant to handle the wakeup of CPUs in deep idle states. This patchset introduces a pseudo clock device which can be registered by the archs as tick_broadcast_device in the absence of a real external clock device. Once registered, the broadcast framework will work as is for these architectures as long as the archs take care of the BROADCAST_ENTER notification failing for one of the CPUs. This CPU is made the stand by CPU to handle wakeup of the CPUs in deep idle and it *must not enter deep idle states*. The CPU with the earliest wakeup is chosen to be this CPU. Hence this way the stand by CPU dynamically moves around and so does the hrtimer which is queued to trigger at the next earliest wakeup time. This is consistent with the case where an external clock device is present. The smp affinity of this clock device is set to the CPU with the earliest wakeup. This patchset handles the hotplug of the stand by CPU as well by moving the hrtimer on to the CPU handling the CPU_DEAD notification. Originally-from: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Preeti U Murthy <preeti@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: deepthi@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: fweisbec@gmail.com Cc: paulus@samba.org Cc: srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: peterz@infradead.org Cc: benh@kernel.crashing.org Cc: rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140207080632.17187.80532.stgit@preeti.in.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2014-02-07 16:06:32 +08:00
{
/*
* Note, we cannot cancel the timer here as we might
* run into the following live lock scenario:
*
* cpu 0 cpu1
* lock(broadcast_lock);
* hrtimer_interrupt()
* bc_handler()
* tick_handle_oneshot_broadcast();
* lock(broadcast_lock);
* hrtimer_cancel()
* wait_for_callback()
*/
hrtimer_try_to_cancel(&bctimer);
return 0;
tick: Introduce hrtimer based broadcast On some architectures, in certain CPU deep idle states the local timers stop. An external clock device is used to wakeup these CPUs. The kernel support for the wakeup of these CPUs is provided by the tick broadcast framework by using the external clock device as the wakeup source. However not all implementations of architectures provide such an external clock device. This patch includes support in the broadcast framework to handle the wakeup of the CPUs in deep idle states on such systems by queuing a hrtimer on one of the CPUs, which is meant to handle the wakeup of CPUs in deep idle states. This patchset introduces a pseudo clock device which can be registered by the archs as tick_broadcast_device in the absence of a real external clock device. Once registered, the broadcast framework will work as is for these architectures as long as the archs take care of the BROADCAST_ENTER notification failing for one of the CPUs. This CPU is made the stand by CPU to handle wakeup of the CPUs in deep idle and it *must not enter deep idle states*. The CPU with the earliest wakeup is chosen to be this CPU. Hence this way the stand by CPU dynamically moves around and so does the hrtimer which is queued to trigger at the next earliest wakeup time. This is consistent with the case where an external clock device is present. The smp affinity of this clock device is set to the CPU with the earliest wakeup. This patchset handles the hotplug of the stand by CPU as well by moving the hrtimer on to the CPU handling the CPU_DEAD notification. Originally-from: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Preeti U Murthy <preeti@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: deepthi@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: fweisbec@gmail.com Cc: paulus@samba.org Cc: srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: peterz@infradead.org Cc: benh@kernel.crashing.org Cc: rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140207080632.17187.80532.stgit@preeti.in.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2014-02-07 16:06:32 +08:00
}
/*
* This is called from the guts of the broadcast code when the cpu
* which is about to enter idle has the earliest broadcast timer event.
*/
static int bc_set_next(ktime_t expires, struct clock_event_device *bc)
{
/*
tick: broadcast-hrtimer: Fix a race in bc_set_next When a cpu requests broadcasting, before starting the tick broadcast hrtimer, bc_set_next() checks if the timer callback (bc_handler) is active using hrtimer_try_to_cancel(). But hrtimer_try_to_cancel() does not provide the required synchronization when the callback is active on other core. The callback could have already executed tick_handle_oneshot_broadcast() and could have also returned. But still there is a small time window where the hrtimer_try_to_cancel() returns -1. In that case bc_set_next() returns without doing anything, but the next_event of the tick broadcast clock device is already set to a timeout value. In the race condition diagram below, CPU #1 is running the timer callback and CPU #2 is entering idle state and so calls bc_set_next(). In the worst case, the next_event will contain an expiry time, but the hrtimer will not be started which happens when the racing callback returns HRTIMER_NORESTART. The hrtimer might never recover if all further requests from the CPUs to subscribe to tick broadcast have timeout greater than the next_event of tick broadcast clock device. This leads to cascading of failures and finally noticed as rcu stall warnings Here is a depiction of the race condition CPU #1 (Running timer callback) CPU #2 (Enter idle and subscribe to tick broadcast) --------------------- --------------------- __run_hrtimer() tick_broadcast_enter() bc_handler() __tick_broadcast_oneshot_control() tick_handle_oneshot_broadcast() raw_spin_lock(&tick_broadcast_lock); dev->next_event = KTIME_MAX; //wait for tick_broadcast_lock //next_event for tick broadcast clock set to KTIME_MAX since no other cores subscribed to tick broadcasting raw_spin_unlock(&tick_broadcast_lock); if (dev->next_event == KTIME_MAX) return HRTIMER_NORESTART // callback function exits without restarting the hrtimer //tick_broadcast_lock acquired raw_spin_lock(&tick_broadcast_lock); tick_broadcast_set_event() clockevents_program_event() dev->next_event = expires; bc_set_next() hrtimer_try_to_cancel() //returns -1 since the timer callback is active. Exits without restarting the timer cpu_base->running = NULL; The comment that hrtimer cannot be armed from within the callback is wrong. It is fine to start the hrtimer from within the callback. Also it is safe to start the hrtimer from the enter/exit idle code while the broadcast handler is active. The enter/exit idle code and the broadcast handler are synchronized using tick_broadcast_lock. So there is no need for the existing try to cancel logic. All this can be removed which will eliminate the race condition as well. Fixes: 5d1638acb9f6 ("tick: Introduce hrtimer based broadcast") Originally-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Balasubramani Vivekanandan <balasubramani_vivekanandan@mentor.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190926135101.12102-2-balasubramani_vivekanandan@mentor.com
2019-09-26 21:51:01 +08:00
* This is called either from enter/exit idle code or from the
* broadcast handler. In all cases tick_broadcast_lock is held.
tick: Introduce hrtimer based broadcast On some architectures, in certain CPU deep idle states the local timers stop. An external clock device is used to wakeup these CPUs. The kernel support for the wakeup of these CPUs is provided by the tick broadcast framework by using the external clock device as the wakeup source. However not all implementations of architectures provide such an external clock device. This patch includes support in the broadcast framework to handle the wakeup of the CPUs in deep idle states on such systems by queuing a hrtimer on one of the CPUs, which is meant to handle the wakeup of CPUs in deep idle states. This patchset introduces a pseudo clock device which can be registered by the archs as tick_broadcast_device in the absence of a real external clock device. Once registered, the broadcast framework will work as is for these architectures as long as the archs take care of the BROADCAST_ENTER notification failing for one of the CPUs. This CPU is made the stand by CPU to handle wakeup of the CPUs in deep idle and it *must not enter deep idle states*. The CPU with the earliest wakeup is chosen to be this CPU. Hence this way the stand by CPU dynamically moves around and so does the hrtimer which is queued to trigger at the next earliest wakeup time. This is consistent with the case where an external clock device is present. The smp affinity of this clock device is set to the CPU with the earliest wakeup. This patchset handles the hotplug of the stand by CPU as well by moving the hrtimer on to the CPU handling the CPU_DEAD notification. Originally-from: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Preeti U Murthy <preeti@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: deepthi@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: fweisbec@gmail.com Cc: paulus@samba.org Cc: srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: peterz@infradead.org Cc: benh@kernel.crashing.org Cc: rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140207080632.17187.80532.stgit@preeti.in.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2014-02-07 16:06:32 +08:00
*
tick: broadcast-hrtimer: Fix a race in bc_set_next When a cpu requests broadcasting, before starting the tick broadcast hrtimer, bc_set_next() checks if the timer callback (bc_handler) is active using hrtimer_try_to_cancel(). But hrtimer_try_to_cancel() does not provide the required synchronization when the callback is active on other core. The callback could have already executed tick_handle_oneshot_broadcast() and could have also returned. But still there is a small time window where the hrtimer_try_to_cancel() returns -1. In that case bc_set_next() returns without doing anything, but the next_event of the tick broadcast clock device is already set to a timeout value. In the race condition diagram below, CPU #1 is running the timer callback and CPU #2 is entering idle state and so calls bc_set_next(). In the worst case, the next_event will contain an expiry time, but the hrtimer will not be started which happens when the racing callback returns HRTIMER_NORESTART. The hrtimer might never recover if all further requests from the CPUs to subscribe to tick broadcast have timeout greater than the next_event of tick broadcast clock device. This leads to cascading of failures and finally noticed as rcu stall warnings Here is a depiction of the race condition CPU #1 (Running timer callback) CPU #2 (Enter idle and subscribe to tick broadcast) --------------------- --------------------- __run_hrtimer() tick_broadcast_enter() bc_handler() __tick_broadcast_oneshot_control() tick_handle_oneshot_broadcast() raw_spin_lock(&tick_broadcast_lock); dev->next_event = KTIME_MAX; //wait for tick_broadcast_lock //next_event for tick broadcast clock set to KTIME_MAX since no other cores subscribed to tick broadcasting raw_spin_unlock(&tick_broadcast_lock); if (dev->next_event == KTIME_MAX) return HRTIMER_NORESTART // callback function exits without restarting the hrtimer //tick_broadcast_lock acquired raw_spin_lock(&tick_broadcast_lock); tick_broadcast_set_event() clockevents_program_event() dev->next_event = expires; bc_set_next() hrtimer_try_to_cancel() //returns -1 since the timer callback is active. Exits without restarting the timer cpu_base->running = NULL; The comment that hrtimer cannot be armed from within the callback is wrong. It is fine to start the hrtimer from within the callback. Also it is safe to start the hrtimer from the enter/exit idle code while the broadcast handler is active. The enter/exit idle code and the broadcast handler are synchronized using tick_broadcast_lock. So there is no need for the existing try to cancel logic. All this can be removed which will eliminate the race condition as well. Fixes: 5d1638acb9f6 ("tick: Introduce hrtimer based broadcast") Originally-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Balasubramani Vivekanandan <balasubramani_vivekanandan@mentor.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190926135101.12102-2-balasubramani_vivekanandan@mentor.com
2019-09-26 21:51:01 +08:00
* hrtimer_cancel() cannot be called here neither from the
* broadcast handler nor from the enter/exit idle code. The idle
* code can run into the problem described in bc_shutdown() and the
* broadcast handler cannot wait for itself to complete for obvious
* reasons.
*
tick: broadcast-hrtimer: Fix a race in bc_set_next When a cpu requests broadcasting, before starting the tick broadcast hrtimer, bc_set_next() checks if the timer callback (bc_handler) is active using hrtimer_try_to_cancel(). But hrtimer_try_to_cancel() does not provide the required synchronization when the callback is active on other core. The callback could have already executed tick_handle_oneshot_broadcast() and could have also returned. But still there is a small time window where the hrtimer_try_to_cancel() returns -1. In that case bc_set_next() returns without doing anything, but the next_event of the tick broadcast clock device is already set to a timeout value. In the race condition diagram below, CPU #1 is running the timer callback and CPU #2 is entering idle state and so calls bc_set_next(). In the worst case, the next_event will contain an expiry time, but the hrtimer will not be started which happens when the racing callback returns HRTIMER_NORESTART. The hrtimer might never recover if all further requests from the CPUs to subscribe to tick broadcast have timeout greater than the next_event of tick broadcast clock device. This leads to cascading of failures and finally noticed as rcu stall warnings Here is a depiction of the race condition CPU #1 (Running timer callback) CPU #2 (Enter idle and subscribe to tick broadcast) --------------------- --------------------- __run_hrtimer() tick_broadcast_enter() bc_handler() __tick_broadcast_oneshot_control() tick_handle_oneshot_broadcast() raw_spin_lock(&tick_broadcast_lock); dev->next_event = KTIME_MAX; //wait for tick_broadcast_lock //next_event for tick broadcast clock set to KTIME_MAX since no other cores subscribed to tick broadcasting raw_spin_unlock(&tick_broadcast_lock); if (dev->next_event == KTIME_MAX) return HRTIMER_NORESTART // callback function exits without restarting the hrtimer //tick_broadcast_lock acquired raw_spin_lock(&tick_broadcast_lock); tick_broadcast_set_event() clockevents_program_event() dev->next_event = expires; bc_set_next() hrtimer_try_to_cancel() //returns -1 since the timer callback is active. Exits without restarting the timer cpu_base->running = NULL; The comment that hrtimer cannot be armed from within the callback is wrong. It is fine to start the hrtimer from within the callback. Also it is safe to start the hrtimer from the enter/exit idle code while the broadcast handler is active. The enter/exit idle code and the broadcast handler are synchronized using tick_broadcast_lock. So there is no need for the existing try to cancel logic. All this can be removed which will eliminate the race condition as well. Fixes: 5d1638acb9f6 ("tick: Introduce hrtimer based broadcast") Originally-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Balasubramani Vivekanandan <balasubramani_vivekanandan@mentor.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190926135101.12102-2-balasubramani_vivekanandan@mentor.com
2019-09-26 21:51:01 +08:00
* Each caller tries to arm the hrtimer on its own CPU, but if the
* hrtimer callbback function is currently running, then
* hrtimer_start() cannot move it and the timer stays on the CPU on
* which it is assigned at the moment.
*
* As this can be called from idle code, the hrtimer_start()
* invocation has to be wrapped with RCU_NONIDLE() as
* hrtimer_start() can call into tracing.
tick: Introduce hrtimer based broadcast On some architectures, in certain CPU deep idle states the local timers stop. An external clock device is used to wakeup these CPUs. The kernel support for the wakeup of these CPUs is provided by the tick broadcast framework by using the external clock device as the wakeup source. However not all implementations of architectures provide such an external clock device. This patch includes support in the broadcast framework to handle the wakeup of the CPUs in deep idle states on such systems by queuing a hrtimer on one of the CPUs, which is meant to handle the wakeup of CPUs in deep idle states. This patchset introduces a pseudo clock device which can be registered by the archs as tick_broadcast_device in the absence of a real external clock device. Once registered, the broadcast framework will work as is for these architectures as long as the archs take care of the BROADCAST_ENTER notification failing for one of the CPUs. This CPU is made the stand by CPU to handle wakeup of the CPUs in deep idle and it *must not enter deep idle states*. The CPU with the earliest wakeup is chosen to be this CPU. Hence this way the stand by CPU dynamically moves around and so does the hrtimer which is queued to trigger at the next earliest wakeup time. This is consistent with the case where an external clock device is present. The smp affinity of this clock device is set to the CPU with the earliest wakeup. This patchset handles the hotplug of the stand by CPU as well by moving the hrtimer on to the CPU handling the CPU_DEAD notification. Originally-from: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Preeti U Murthy <preeti@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: deepthi@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: fweisbec@gmail.com Cc: paulus@samba.org Cc: srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: peterz@infradead.org Cc: benh@kernel.crashing.org Cc: rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140207080632.17187.80532.stgit@preeti.in.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2014-02-07 16:06:32 +08:00
*/
tick: broadcast-hrtimer: Fix a race in bc_set_next When a cpu requests broadcasting, before starting the tick broadcast hrtimer, bc_set_next() checks if the timer callback (bc_handler) is active using hrtimer_try_to_cancel(). But hrtimer_try_to_cancel() does not provide the required synchronization when the callback is active on other core. The callback could have already executed tick_handle_oneshot_broadcast() and could have also returned. But still there is a small time window where the hrtimer_try_to_cancel() returns -1. In that case bc_set_next() returns without doing anything, but the next_event of the tick broadcast clock device is already set to a timeout value. In the race condition diagram below, CPU #1 is running the timer callback and CPU #2 is entering idle state and so calls bc_set_next(). In the worst case, the next_event will contain an expiry time, but the hrtimer will not be started which happens when the racing callback returns HRTIMER_NORESTART. The hrtimer might never recover if all further requests from the CPUs to subscribe to tick broadcast have timeout greater than the next_event of tick broadcast clock device. This leads to cascading of failures and finally noticed as rcu stall warnings Here is a depiction of the race condition CPU #1 (Running timer callback) CPU #2 (Enter idle and subscribe to tick broadcast) --------------------- --------------------- __run_hrtimer() tick_broadcast_enter() bc_handler() __tick_broadcast_oneshot_control() tick_handle_oneshot_broadcast() raw_spin_lock(&tick_broadcast_lock); dev->next_event = KTIME_MAX; //wait for tick_broadcast_lock //next_event for tick broadcast clock set to KTIME_MAX since no other cores subscribed to tick broadcasting raw_spin_unlock(&tick_broadcast_lock); if (dev->next_event == KTIME_MAX) return HRTIMER_NORESTART // callback function exits without restarting the hrtimer //tick_broadcast_lock acquired raw_spin_lock(&tick_broadcast_lock); tick_broadcast_set_event() clockevents_program_event() dev->next_event = expires; bc_set_next() hrtimer_try_to_cancel() //returns -1 since the timer callback is active. Exits without restarting the timer cpu_base->running = NULL; The comment that hrtimer cannot be armed from within the callback is wrong. It is fine to start the hrtimer from within the callback. Also it is safe to start the hrtimer from the enter/exit idle code while the broadcast handler is active. The enter/exit idle code and the broadcast handler are synchronized using tick_broadcast_lock. So there is no need for the existing try to cancel logic. All this can be removed which will eliminate the race condition as well. Fixes: 5d1638acb9f6 ("tick: Introduce hrtimer based broadcast") Originally-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Balasubramani Vivekanandan <balasubramani_vivekanandan@mentor.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190926135101.12102-2-balasubramani_vivekanandan@mentor.com
2019-09-26 21:51:01 +08:00
RCU_NONIDLE( {
hrtimer_start(&bctimer, expires, HRTIMER_MODE_ABS_PINNED_HARD);
/*
* The core tick broadcast mode expects bc->bound_on to be set
* correctly to prevent a CPU which has the broadcast hrtimer
* armed from going deep idle.
*
* As tick_broadcast_lock is held, nothing can change the cpu
* base which was just established in hrtimer_start() above. So
* the below access is safe even without holding the hrtimer
* base lock.
*/
bc->bound_on = bctimer.base->cpu_base->cpu;
} );
tick: Introduce hrtimer based broadcast On some architectures, in certain CPU deep idle states the local timers stop. An external clock device is used to wakeup these CPUs. The kernel support for the wakeup of these CPUs is provided by the tick broadcast framework by using the external clock device as the wakeup source. However not all implementations of architectures provide such an external clock device. This patch includes support in the broadcast framework to handle the wakeup of the CPUs in deep idle states on such systems by queuing a hrtimer on one of the CPUs, which is meant to handle the wakeup of CPUs in deep idle states. This patchset introduces a pseudo clock device which can be registered by the archs as tick_broadcast_device in the absence of a real external clock device. Once registered, the broadcast framework will work as is for these architectures as long as the archs take care of the BROADCAST_ENTER notification failing for one of the CPUs. This CPU is made the stand by CPU to handle wakeup of the CPUs in deep idle and it *must not enter deep idle states*. The CPU with the earliest wakeup is chosen to be this CPU. Hence this way the stand by CPU dynamically moves around and so does the hrtimer which is queued to trigger at the next earliest wakeup time. This is consistent with the case where an external clock device is present. The smp affinity of this clock device is set to the CPU with the earliest wakeup. This patchset handles the hotplug of the stand by CPU as well by moving the hrtimer on to the CPU handling the CPU_DEAD notification. Originally-from: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Preeti U Murthy <preeti@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: deepthi@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: fweisbec@gmail.com Cc: paulus@samba.org Cc: srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: peterz@infradead.org Cc: benh@kernel.crashing.org Cc: rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140207080632.17187.80532.stgit@preeti.in.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2014-02-07 16:06:32 +08:00
return 0;
}
static struct clock_event_device ce_broadcast_hrtimer = {
.name = "bc_hrtimer",
.set_state_shutdown = bc_shutdown,
tick: Introduce hrtimer based broadcast On some architectures, in certain CPU deep idle states the local timers stop. An external clock device is used to wakeup these CPUs. The kernel support for the wakeup of these CPUs is provided by the tick broadcast framework by using the external clock device as the wakeup source. However not all implementations of architectures provide such an external clock device. This patch includes support in the broadcast framework to handle the wakeup of the CPUs in deep idle states on such systems by queuing a hrtimer on one of the CPUs, which is meant to handle the wakeup of CPUs in deep idle states. This patchset introduces a pseudo clock device which can be registered by the archs as tick_broadcast_device in the absence of a real external clock device. Once registered, the broadcast framework will work as is for these architectures as long as the archs take care of the BROADCAST_ENTER notification failing for one of the CPUs. This CPU is made the stand by CPU to handle wakeup of the CPUs in deep idle and it *must not enter deep idle states*. The CPU with the earliest wakeup is chosen to be this CPU. Hence this way the stand by CPU dynamically moves around and so does the hrtimer which is queued to trigger at the next earliest wakeup time. This is consistent with the case where an external clock device is present. The smp affinity of this clock device is set to the CPU with the earliest wakeup. This patchset handles the hotplug of the stand by CPU as well by moving the hrtimer on to the CPU handling the CPU_DEAD notification. Originally-from: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Preeti U Murthy <preeti@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: deepthi@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: fweisbec@gmail.com Cc: paulus@samba.org Cc: srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: peterz@infradead.org Cc: benh@kernel.crashing.org Cc: rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140207080632.17187.80532.stgit@preeti.in.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2014-02-07 16:06:32 +08:00
.set_next_ktime = bc_set_next,
.features = CLOCK_EVT_FEAT_ONESHOT |
CLOCK_EVT_FEAT_KTIME |
CLOCK_EVT_FEAT_HRTIMER,
.rating = 0,
.bound_on = -1,
.min_delta_ns = 1,
.max_delta_ns = KTIME_MAX,
.min_delta_ticks = 1,
.max_delta_ticks = ULONG_MAX,
tick: Introduce hrtimer based broadcast On some architectures, in certain CPU deep idle states the local timers stop. An external clock device is used to wakeup these CPUs. The kernel support for the wakeup of these CPUs is provided by the tick broadcast framework by using the external clock device as the wakeup source. However not all implementations of architectures provide such an external clock device. This patch includes support in the broadcast framework to handle the wakeup of the CPUs in deep idle states on such systems by queuing a hrtimer on one of the CPUs, which is meant to handle the wakeup of CPUs in deep idle states. This patchset introduces a pseudo clock device which can be registered by the archs as tick_broadcast_device in the absence of a real external clock device. Once registered, the broadcast framework will work as is for these architectures as long as the archs take care of the BROADCAST_ENTER notification failing for one of the CPUs. This CPU is made the stand by CPU to handle wakeup of the CPUs in deep idle and it *must not enter deep idle states*. The CPU with the earliest wakeup is chosen to be this CPU. Hence this way the stand by CPU dynamically moves around and so does the hrtimer which is queued to trigger at the next earliest wakeup time. This is consistent with the case where an external clock device is present. The smp affinity of this clock device is set to the CPU with the earliest wakeup. This patchset handles the hotplug of the stand by CPU as well by moving the hrtimer on to the CPU handling the CPU_DEAD notification. Originally-from: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Preeti U Murthy <preeti@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: deepthi@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: fweisbec@gmail.com Cc: paulus@samba.org Cc: srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: peterz@infradead.org Cc: benh@kernel.crashing.org Cc: rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140207080632.17187.80532.stgit@preeti.in.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2014-02-07 16:06:32 +08:00
.mult = 1,
.shift = 0,
.cpumask = cpu_possible_mask,
tick: Introduce hrtimer based broadcast On some architectures, in certain CPU deep idle states the local timers stop. An external clock device is used to wakeup these CPUs. The kernel support for the wakeup of these CPUs is provided by the tick broadcast framework by using the external clock device as the wakeup source. However not all implementations of architectures provide such an external clock device. This patch includes support in the broadcast framework to handle the wakeup of the CPUs in deep idle states on such systems by queuing a hrtimer on one of the CPUs, which is meant to handle the wakeup of CPUs in deep idle states. This patchset introduces a pseudo clock device which can be registered by the archs as tick_broadcast_device in the absence of a real external clock device. Once registered, the broadcast framework will work as is for these architectures as long as the archs take care of the BROADCAST_ENTER notification failing for one of the CPUs. This CPU is made the stand by CPU to handle wakeup of the CPUs in deep idle and it *must not enter deep idle states*. The CPU with the earliest wakeup is chosen to be this CPU. Hence this way the stand by CPU dynamically moves around and so does the hrtimer which is queued to trigger at the next earliest wakeup time. This is consistent with the case where an external clock device is present. The smp affinity of this clock device is set to the CPU with the earliest wakeup. This patchset handles the hotplug of the stand by CPU as well by moving the hrtimer on to the CPU handling the CPU_DEAD notification. Originally-from: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Preeti U Murthy <preeti@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: deepthi@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: fweisbec@gmail.com Cc: paulus@samba.org Cc: srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: peterz@infradead.org Cc: benh@kernel.crashing.org Cc: rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140207080632.17187.80532.stgit@preeti.in.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2014-02-07 16:06:32 +08:00
};
static enum hrtimer_restart bc_handler(struct hrtimer *t)
{
ce_broadcast_hrtimer.event_handler(&ce_broadcast_hrtimer);
return HRTIMER_NORESTART;
tick: Introduce hrtimer based broadcast On some architectures, in certain CPU deep idle states the local timers stop. An external clock device is used to wakeup these CPUs. The kernel support for the wakeup of these CPUs is provided by the tick broadcast framework by using the external clock device as the wakeup source. However not all implementations of architectures provide such an external clock device. This patch includes support in the broadcast framework to handle the wakeup of the CPUs in deep idle states on such systems by queuing a hrtimer on one of the CPUs, which is meant to handle the wakeup of CPUs in deep idle states. This patchset introduces a pseudo clock device which can be registered by the archs as tick_broadcast_device in the absence of a real external clock device. Once registered, the broadcast framework will work as is for these architectures as long as the archs take care of the BROADCAST_ENTER notification failing for one of the CPUs. This CPU is made the stand by CPU to handle wakeup of the CPUs in deep idle and it *must not enter deep idle states*. The CPU with the earliest wakeup is chosen to be this CPU. Hence this way the stand by CPU dynamically moves around and so does the hrtimer which is queued to trigger at the next earliest wakeup time. This is consistent with the case where an external clock device is present. The smp affinity of this clock device is set to the CPU with the earliest wakeup. This patchset handles the hotplug of the stand by CPU as well by moving the hrtimer on to the CPU handling the CPU_DEAD notification. Originally-from: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Preeti U Murthy <preeti@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: deepthi@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: fweisbec@gmail.com Cc: paulus@samba.org Cc: srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: peterz@infradead.org Cc: benh@kernel.crashing.org Cc: rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140207080632.17187.80532.stgit@preeti.in.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2014-02-07 16:06:32 +08:00
}
void tick_setup_hrtimer_broadcast(void)
{
hrtimer_init(&bctimer, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, HRTIMER_MODE_ABS_HARD);
tick: Introduce hrtimer based broadcast On some architectures, in certain CPU deep idle states the local timers stop. An external clock device is used to wakeup these CPUs. The kernel support for the wakeup of these CPUs is provided by the tick broadcast framework by using the external clock device as the wakeup source. However not all implementations of architectures provide such an external clock device. This patch includes support in the broadcast framework to handle the wakeup of the CPUs in deep idle states on such systems by queuing a hrtimer on one of the CPUs, which is meant to handle the wakeup of CPUs in deep idle states. This patchset introduces a pseudo clock device which can be registered by the archs as tick_broadcast_device in the absence of a real external clock device. Once registered, the broadcast framework will work as is for these architectures as long as the archs take care of the BROADCAST_ENTER notification failing for one of the CPUs. This CPU is made the stand by CPU to handle wakeup of the CPUs in deep idle and it *must not enter deep idle states*. The CPU with the earliest wakeup is chosen to be this CPU. Hence this way the stand by CPU dynamically moves around and so does the hrtimer which is queued to trigger at the next earliest wakeup time. This is consistent with the case where an external clock device is present. The smp affinity of this clock device is set to the CPU with the earliest wakeup. This patchset handles the hotplug of the stand by CPU as well by moving the hrtimer on to the CPU handling the CPU_DEAD notification. Originally-from: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Preeti U Murthy <preeti@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: deepthi@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: fweisbec@gmail.com Cc: paulus@samba.org Cc: srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: peterz@infradead.org Cc: benh@kernel.crashing.org Cc: rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140207080632.17187.80532.stgit@preeti.in.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2014-02-07 16:06:32 +08:00
bctimer.function = bc_handler;
clockevents_register_device(&ce_broadcast_hrtimer);
}