linux/kernel/sched.c

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/*
* kernel/sched.c
*
* Kernel scheduler and related syscalls
*
* Copyright (C) 1991-2002 Linus Torvalds
*
* 1996-12-23 Modified by Dave Grothe to fix bugs in semaphores and
* make semaphores SMP safe
* 1998-11-19 Implemented schedule_timeout() and related stuff
* by Andrea Arcangeli
* 2002-01-04 New ultra-scalable O(1) scheduler by Ingo Molnar:
* hybrid priority-list and round-robin design with
* an array-switch method of distributing timeslices
* and per-CPU runqueues. Cleanups and useful suggestions
* by Davide Libenzi, preemptible kernel bits by Robert Love.
* 2003-09-03 Interactivity tuning by Con Kolivas.
* 2004-04-02 Scheduler domains code by Nick Piggin
* 2007-04-15 Work begun on replacing all interactivity tuning with a
* fair scheduling design by Con Kolivas.
* 2007-05-05 Load balancing (smp-nice) and other improvements
* by Peter Williams
* 2007-05-06 Interactivity improvements to CFS by Mike Galbraith
* 2007-07-01 Group scheduling enhancements by Srivatsa Vaddagiri
* 2007-11-29 RT balancing improvements by Steven Rostedt, Gregory Haskins,
* Thomas Gleixner, Mike Kravetz
*/
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/nmi.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/smp_lock.h>
#include <asm/mmu_context.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/capability.h>
#include <linux/completion.h>
#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
#include <linux/debug_locks.h>
#include <linux/security.h>
#include <linux/notifier.h>
#include <linux/profile.h>
#include <linux/freezer.h>
[PATCH] scheduler cache-hot-autodetect ) From: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> This is the latest version of the scheduler cache-hot-auto-tune patch. The first problem was that detection time scaled with O(N^2), which is unacceptable on larger SMP and NUMA systems. To solve this: - I've added a 'domain distance' function, which is used to cache measurement results. Each distance is only measured once. This means that e.g. on NUMA distances of 0, 1 and 2 might be measured, on HT distances 0 and 1, and on SMP distance 0 is measured. The code walks the domain tree to determine the distance, so it automatically follows whatever hierarchy an architecture sets up. This cuts down on the boot time significantly and removes the O(N^2) limit. The only assumption is that migration costs can be expressed as a function of domain distance - this covers the overwhelming majority of existing systems, and is a good guess even for more assymetric systems. [ People hacking systems that have assymetries that break this assumption (e.g. different CPU speeds) should experiment a bit with the cpu_distance() function. Adding a ->migration_distance factor to the domain structure would be one possible solution - but lets first see the problem systems, if they exist at all. Lets not overdesign. ] Another problem was that only a single cache-size was used for measuring the cost of migration, and most architectures didnt set that variable up. Furthermore, a single cache-size does not fit NUMA hierarchies with L3 caches and does not fit HT setups, where different CPUs will often have different 'effective cache sizes'. To solve this problem: - Instead of relying on a single cache-size provided by the platform and sticking to it, the code now auto-detects the 'effective migration cost' between two measured CPUs, via iterating through a wide range of cachesizes. The code searches for the maximum migration cost, which occurs when the working set of the test-workload falls just below the 'effective cache size'. I.e. real-life optimized search is done for the maximum migration cost, between two real CPUs. This, amongst other things, has the positive effect hat if e.g. two CPUs share a L2/L3 cache, a different (and accurate) migration cost will be found than between two CPUs on the same system that dont share any caches. (The reliable measurement of migration costs is tricky - see the source for details.) Furthermore i've added various boot-time options to override/tune migration behavior. Firstly, there's a blanket override for autodetection: migration_cost=1000,2000,3000 will override the depth 0/1/2 values with 1msec/2msec/3msec values. Secondly, there's a global factor that can be used to increase (or decrease) the autodetected values: migration_factor=120 will increase the autodetected values by 20%. This option is useful to tune things in a workload-dependent way - e.g. if a workload is cache-insensitive then CPU utilization can be maximized by specifying migration_factor=0. I've tested the autodetection code quite extensively on x86, on 3 P3/Xeon/2MB, and the autodetected values look pretty good: Dual Celeron (128K L2 cache): --------------------- migration cost matrix (max_cache_size: 131072, cpu: 467 MHz): --------------------- [00] [01] [00]: - 1.7(1) [01]: 1.7(1) - --------------------- cacheflush times [2]: 0.0 (0) 1.7 (1784008) --------------------- Here the slow memory subsystem dominates system performance, and even though caches are small, the migration cost is 1.7 msecs. Dual HT P4 (512K L2 cache): --------------------- migration cost matrix (max_cache_size: 524288, cpu: 2379 MHz): --------------------- [00] [01] [02] [03] [00]: - 0.4(1) 0.0(0) 0.4(1) [01]: 0.4(1) - 0.4(1) 0.0(0) [02]: 0.0(0) 0.4(1) - 0.4(1) [03]: 0.4(1) 0.0(0) 0.4(1) - --------------------- cacheflush times [2]: 0.0 (33900) 0.4 (448514) --------------------- Here it can be seen that there is no migration cost between two HT siblings (CPU#0/2 and CPU#1/3 are separate physical CPUs). A fast memory system makes inter-physical-CPU migration pretty cheap: 0.4 msecs. 8-way P3/Xeon [2MB L2 cache]: --------------------- migration cost matrix (max_cache_size: 2097152, cpu: 700 MHz): --------------------- [00] [01] [02] [03] [04] [05] [06] [07] [00]: - 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) [01]: 19.2(1) - 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) [02]: 19.2(1) 19.2(1) - 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) [03]: 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) - 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) [04]: 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) - 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) [05]: 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) - 19.2(1) 19.2(1) [06]: 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) - 19.2(1) [07]: 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) - --------------------- cacheflush times [2]: 0.0 (0) 19.2 (19281756) --------------------- This one has huge caches and a relatively slow memory subsystem - so the migration cost is 19 msecs. Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Ashok Raj <ashok.raj@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Ken Chen <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Cc: <wilder@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-01-12 17:05:30 +08:00
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/pid_namespace.h>
#include <linux/smp.h>
#include <linux/threads.h>
#include <linux/timer.h>
#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/cpuset.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/kthread.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/sysctl.h>
#include <linux/syscalls.h>
#include <linux/times.h>
#include <linux/tsacct_kern.h>
#include <linux/kprobes.h>
#include <linux/delayacct.h>
Speed up divides by cpu_power in scheduler I noticed expensive divides done in try_to_wakeup() and find_busiest_group() on a bi dual core Opteron machine (total of 4 cores), moderatly loaded (15.000 context switch per second) oprofile numbers : CPU: AMD64 processors, speed 2600.05 MHz (estimated) Counted CPU_CLK_UNHALTED events (Cycles outside of halt state) with a unit mask of 0x00 (No unit mask) count 50000 samples % symbol name ... 613914 1.0498 try_to_wake_up 834 0.0013 :ffffffff80227ae1: div %rcx 77513 0.1191 :ffffffff80227ae4: mov %rax,%r11 608893 1.0413 find_busiest_group 1841 0.0031 :ffffffff802260bf: div %rdi 140109 0.2394 :ffffffff802260c2: test %sil,%sil Some of these divides can use the reciprocal divides we introduced some time ago (currently used in slab AFAIK) We can assume a load will fit in a 32bits number, because with a SCHED_LOAD_SCALE=128 value, its still a theorical limit of 33554432 When/if we reach this limit one day, probably cpus will have a fast hardware divide and we can zap the reciprocal divide trick. Ingo suggested to rename cpu_power to __cpu_power to make clear it should not be modified without changing its reciprocal value too. I did not convert the divide in cpu_avg_load_per_task(), because tracking nr_running changes may be not worth it ? We could use a static table of 32 reciprocal values but it would add a conditional branch and table lookup. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: !SMP build fix] Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-08 15:32:57 +08:00
#include <linux/reciprocal_div.h>
#include <linux/unistd.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/hrtimer.h>
#include <linux/tick.h>
#include <linux/bootmem.h>
#include <linux/debugfs.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
Speed up divides by cpu_power in scheduler I noticed expensive divides done in try_to_wakeup() and find_busiest_group() on a bi dual core Opteron machine (total of 4 cores), moderatly loaded (15.000 context switch per second) oprofile numbers : CPU: AMD64 processors, speed 2600.05 MHz (estimated) Counted CPU_CLK_UNHALTED events (Cycles outside of halt state) with a unit mask of 0x00 (No unit mask) count 50000 samples % symbol name ... 613914 1.0498 try_to_wake_up 834 0.0013 :ffffffff80227ae1: div %rcx 77513 0.1191 :ffffffff80227ae4: mov %rax,%r11 608893 1.0413 find_busiest_group 1841 0.0031 :ffffffff802260bf: div %rdi 140109 0.2394 :ffffffff802260c2: test %sil,%sil Some of these divides can use the reciprocal divides we introduced some time ago (currently used in slab AFAIK) We can assume a load will fit in a 32bits number, because with a SCHED_LOAD_SCALE=128 value, its still a theorical limit of 33554432 When/if we reach this limit one day, probably cpus will have a fast hardware divide and we can zap the reciprocal divide trick. Ingo suggested to rename cpu_power to __cpu_power to make clear it should not be modified without changing its reciprocal value too. I did not convert the divide in cpu_avg_load_per_task(), because tracking nr_running changes may be not worth it ? We could use a static table of 32 reciprocal values but it would add a conditional branch and table lookup. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: !SMP build fix] Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-08 15:32:57 +08:00
#include <asm/tlb.h>
#include <asm/irq_regs.h>
#include "sched_cpupri.h"
/*
* Convert user-nice values [ -20 ... 0 ... 19 ]
* to static priority [ MAX_RT_PRIO..MAX_PRIO-1 ],
* and back.
*/
#define NICE_TO_PRIO(nice) (MAX_RT_PRIO + (nice) + 20)
#define PRIO_TO_NICE(prio) ((prio) - MAX_RT_PRIO - 20)
#define TASK_NICE(p) PRIO_TO_NICE((p)->static_prio)
/*
* 'User priority' is the nice value converted to something we
* can work with better when scaling various scheduler parameters,
* it's a [ 0 ... 39 ] range.
*/
#define USER_PRIO(p) ((p)-MAX_RT_PRIO)
#define TASK_USER_PRIO(p) USER_PRIO((p)->static_prio)
#define MAX_USER_PRIO (USER_PRIO(MAX_PRIO))
/*
* Helpers for converting nanosecond timing to jiffy resolution
*/
#define NS_TO_JIFFIES(TIME) ((unsigned long)(TIME) / (NSEC_PER_SEC / HZ))
#define NICE_0_LOAD SCHED_LOAD_SCALE
#define NICE_0_SHIFT SCHED_LOAD_SHIFT
/*
* These are the 'tuning knobs' of the scheduler:
*
* default timeslice is 100 msecs (used only for SCHED_RR tasks).
* Timeslices get refilled after they expire.
*/
#define DEF_TIMESLICE (100 * HZ / 1000)
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
/*
* single value that denotes runtime == period, ie unlimited time.
*/
#define RUNTIME_INF ((u64)~0ULL)
Speed up divides by cpu_power in scheduler I noticed expensive divides done in try_to_wakeup() and find_busiest_group() on a bi dual core Opteron machine (total of 4 cores), moderatly loaded (15.000 context switch per second) oprofile numbers : CPU: AMD64 processors, speed 2600.05 MHz (estimated) Counted CPU_CLK_UNHALTED events (Cycles outside of halt state) with a unit mask of 0x00 (No unit mask) count 50000 samples % symbol name ... 613914 1.0498 try_to_wake_up 834 0.0013 :ffffffff80227ae1: div %rcx 77513 0.1191 :ffffffff80227ae4: mov %rax,%r11 608893 1.0413 find_busiest_group 1841 0.0031 :ffffffff802260bf: div %rdi 140109 0.2394 :ffffffff802260c2: test %sil,%sil Some of these divides can use the reciprocal divides we introduced some time ago (currently used in slab AFAIK) We can assume a load will fit in a 32bits number, because with a SCHED_LOAD_SCALE=128 value, its still a theorical limit of 33554432 When/if we reach this limit one day, probably cpus will have a fast hardware divide and we can zap the reciprocal divide trick. Ingo suggested to rename cpu_power to __cpu_power to make clear it should not be modified without changing its reciprocal value too. I did not convert the divide in cpu_avg_load_per_task(), because tracking nr_running changes may be not worth it ? We could use a static table of 32 reciprocal values but it would add a conditional branch and table lookup. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: !SMP build fix] Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-08 15:32:57 +08:00
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
/*
* Divide a load by a sched group cpu_power : (load / sg->__cpu_power)
* Since cpu_power is a 'constant', we can use a reciprocal divide.
*/
static inline u32 sg_div_cpu_power(const struct sched_group *sg, u32 load)
{
return reciprocal_divide(load, sg->reciprocal_cpu_power);
}
/*
* Each time a sched group cpu_power is changed,
* we must compute its reciprocal value
*/
static inline void sg_inc_cpu_power(struct sched_group *sg, u32 val)
{
sg->__cpu_power += val;
sg->reciprocal_cpu_power = reciprocal_value(sg->__cpu_power);
}
#endif
static inline int rt_policy(int policy)
{
if (unlikely(policy == SCHED_FIFO || policy == SCHED_RR))
return 1;
return 0;
}
static inline int task_has_rt_policy(struct task_struct *p)
{
return rt_policy(p->policy);
}
/*
* This is the priority-queue data structure of the RT scheduling class:
*/
struct rt_prio_array {
DECLARE_BITMAP(bitmap, MAX_RT_PRIO+1); /* include 1 bit for delimiter */
sched: rework of "prioritize non-migratable tasks over migratable ones" regarding this commit: 45c01e824991b2dd0a332e19efc4901acb31209f I think we can do it simpler. Please take a look at the patch below. Instead of having 2 separate arrays (which is + ~800 bytes on x86_32 and twice so on x86_64), let's add "exclusive" (the ones that are bound to this CPU) tasks to the head of the queue and "shared" ones -- to the end. In case of a few newly woken up "exclusive" tasks, they are 'stacked' (not queued as now), meaning that a task {i+1} is being placed in front of the previously woken up task {i}. But I don't think that this behavior may cause any realistic problems. There are a couple of changes on top of this one. (1) in check_preempt_curr_rt() I don't think there is a need for the "pick_next_rt_entity(rq, &rq->rt) != &rq->curr->rt" check. enqueue_task_rt(p) and check_preempt_curr_rt() are always called one after another with rq->lock being held so the following check "p->rt.nr_cpus_allowed == 1 && rq->curr->rt.nr_cpus_allowed != 1" should be enough (well, just its left part) to guarantee that 'p' has been queued in front of the 'curr'. (2) in set_cpus_allowed_rt() I don't thinks there is a need for requeue_task_rt() here. Perhaps, the only case when 'requeue' (+ reschedule) might be useful is as follows: i) weight == 1 && cpu_isset(task_cpu(p), *new_mask) i.e. a task is being bound to this CPU); ii) 'p' != rq->curr but here, 'p' has already been on this CPU for a while and was not migrated. i.e. it's possible that 'rq->curr' would not have high chances to be migrated right at this particular moment (although, has chance in a bit longer term), should we allow it to be preempted. Anyway, I think we should not perhaps make it more complex trying to address some rare corner cases. For instance, that's why a single queue approach would be preferable. Unless I'm missing something obvious, this approach gives us similar functionality at lower cost. Verified only compilation-wise. (Almost)-Signed-off-by: Dmitry Adamushko <dmitry.adamushko@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-06-11 06:58:30 +08:00
struct list_head queue[MAX_RT_PRIO];
};
struct rt_bandwidth {
/* nests inside the rq lock: */
spinlock_t rt_runtime_lock;
ktime_t rt_period;
u64 rt_runtime;
struct hrtimer rt_period_timer;
};
static struct rt_bandwidth def_rt_bandwidth;
static int do_sched_rt_period_timer(struct rt_bandwidth *rt_b, int overrun);
static enum hrtimer_restart sched_rt_period_timer(struct hrtimer *timer)
{
struct rt_bandwidth *rt_b =
container_of(timer, struct rt_bandwidth, rt_period_timer);
ktime_t now;
int overrun;
int idle = 0;
for (;;) {
now = hrtimer_cb_get_time(timer);
overrun = hrtimer_forward(timer, now, rt_b->rt_period);
if (!overrun)
break;
idle = do_sched_rt_period_timer(rt_b, overrun);
}
return idle ? HRTIMER_NORESTART : HRTIMER_RESTART;
}
static
void init_rt_bandwidth(struct rt_bandwidth *rt_b, u64 period, u64 runtime)
{
rt_b->rt_period = ns_to_ktime(period);
rt_b->rt_runtime = runtime;
spin_lock_init(&rt_b->rt_runtime_lock);
hrtimer_init(&rt_b->rt_period_timer,
CLOCK_MONOTONIC, HRTIMER_MODE_REL);
rt_b->rt_period_timer.function = sched_rt_period_timer;
rt_b->rt_period_timer.cb_mode = HRTIMER_CB_IRQSAFE_NO_SOFTIRQ;
}
static void start_rt_bandwidth(struct rt_bandwidth *rt_b)
{
ktime_t now;
if (rt_b->rt_runtime == RUNTIME_INF)
return;
if (hrtimer_active(&rt_b->rt_period_timer))
return;
spin_lock(&rt_b->rt_runtime_lock);
for (;;) {
if (hrtimer_active(&rt_b->rt_period_timer))
break;
now = hrtimer_cb_get_time(&rt_b->rt_period_timer);
hrtimer_forward(&rt_b->rt_period_timer, now, rt_b->rt_period);
hrtimer_start(&rt_b->rt_period_timer,
rt_b->rt_period_timer.expires,
HRTIMER_MODE_ABS);
}
spin_unlock(&rt_b->rt_runtime_lock);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED
static void destroy_rt_bandwidth(struct rt_bandwidth *rt_b)
{
hrtimer_cancel(&rt_b->rt_period_timer);
}
#endif
/*
* sched_domains_mutex serializes calls to arch_init_sched_domains,
* detach_destroy_domains and partition_sched_domains.
*/
static DEFINE_MUTEX(sched_domains_mutex);
#ifdef CONFIG_GROUP_SCHED
#include <linux/cgroup.h>
struct cfs_rq;
static LIST_HEAD(task_groups);
/* task group related information */
struct task_group {
#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_SCHED
struct cgroup_subsys_state css;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
/* schedulable entities of this group on each cpu */
struct sched_entity **se;
/* runqueue "owned" by this group on each cpu */
struct cfs_rq **cfs_rq;
unsigned long shares;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED
struct sched_rt_entity **rt_se;
struct rt_rq **rt_rq;
struct rt_bandwidth rt_bandwidth;
#endif
sched: group scheduler, fix fairness of cpu bandwidth allocation for task groups The current load balancing scheme isn't good enough for precise group fairness. For example: on a 8-cpu system, I created 3 groups as under: a = 8 tasks (cpu.shares = 1024) b = 4 tasks (cpu.shares = 1024) c = 3 tasks (cpu.shares = 1024) a, b and c are task groups that have equal weight. We would expect each of the groups to receive 33.33% of cpu bandwidth under a fair scheduler. This is what I get with the latest scheduler git tree: Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Col1 | Col2 | Col3 | Col4 ------|---------|-------|------------------------------------------------------- a | 277.676 | 57.8% | 54.1% 54.1% 54.1% 54.2% 56.7% 62.2% 62.8% 64.5% b | 116.108 | 24.2% | 47.4% 48.1% 48.7% 49.3% c | 86.326 | 18.0% | 47.5% 47.9% 48.5% -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Explanation of o/p: Col1 -> Group name Col2 -> Cumulative execution time (in seconds) received by all tasks of that group in a 60sec window across 8 cpus Col3 -> CPU bandwidth received by the group in the 60sec window, expressed in percentage. Col3 data is derived as: Col3 = 100 * Col2 / (NR_CPUS * 60) Col4 -> CPU bandwidth received by each individual task of the group. Col4 = 100 * cpu_time_recd_by_task / 60 [I can share the test case that produces a similar o/p if reqd] The deviation from desired group fairness is as below: a = +24.47% b = -9.13% c = -15.33% which is quite high. After the patch below is applied, here are the results: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Col1 | Col2 | Col3 | Col4 ------|---------|-------|------------------------------------------------------- a | 163.112 | 34.0% | 33.2% 33.4% 33.5% 33.5% 33.7% 34.4% 34.8% 35.3% b | 156.220 | 32.5% | 63.3% 64.5% 66.1% 66.5% c | 160.653 | 33.5% | 85.8% 90.6% 91.4% -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Deviation from desired group fairness is as below: a = +0.67% b = -0.83% c = +0.17% which is far better IMO. Most of other runs have yielded a deviation within +-2% at the most, which is good. Why do we see bad (group) fairness with current scheuler? ========================================================= Currently cpu's weight is just the summation of individual task weights. This can yield incorrect results. For ex: consider three groups as below on a 2-cpu system: CPU0 CPU1 --------------------------- A (10) B(5) C(5) --------------------------- Group A has 10 tasks, all on CPU0, Group B and C have 5 tasks each all of which are on CPU1. Each task has the same weight (NICE_0_LOAD = 1024). The current scheme would yield a cpu weight of 10240 (10*1024) for each cpu and the load balancer will think both CPUs are perfectly balanced and won't move around any tasks. This, however, would yield this bandwidth: A = 50% B = 25% C = 25% which is not the desired result. What's changing in the patch? ============================= - How cpu weights are calculated when CONFIF_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED is defined (see below) - API Change - Two tunables introduced in sysfs (under SCHED_DEBUG) to control the frequency at which the load balance monitor thread runs. The basic change made in this patch is how cpu weight (rq->load.weight) is calculated. Its now calculated as the summation of group weights on a cpu, rather than summation of task weights. Weight exerted by a group on a cpu is dependent on the shares allocated to it and also the number of tasks the group has on that cpu compared to the total number of (runnable) tasks the group has in the system. Let, W(K,i) = Weight of group K on cpu i T(K,i) = Task load present in group K's cfs_rq on cpu i T(K) = Total task load of group K across various cpus S(K) = Shares allocated to group K NRCPUS = Number of online cpus in the scheduler domain to which group K is assigned. Then, W(K,i) = S(K) * NRCPUS * T(K,i) / T(K) A load balance monitor thread is created at bootup, which periodically runs and adjusts group's weight on each cpu. To avoid its overhead, two min/max tunables are introduced (under SCHED_DEBUG) to control the rate at which it runs. Fixes from: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> - don't start the load_balance_monitor when there is only a single cpu. - rename the kthread because its currently longer than TASK_COMM_LEN Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-01-26 04:08:00 +08:00
struct rcu_head rcu;
struct list_head list;
struct task_group *parent;
struct list_head siblings;
struct list_head children;
};
#ifdef CONFIG_USER_SCHED
/*
* Root task group.
* Every UID task group (including init_task_group aka UID-0) will
* be a child to this group.
*/
struct task_group root_task_group;
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
/* Default task group's sched entity on each cpu */
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct sched_entity, init_sched_entity);
/* Default task group's cfs_rq on each cpu */
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct cfs_rq, init_cfs_rq) ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
#endif /* CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED */
#ifdef CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct sched_rt_entity, init_sched_rt_entity);
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct rt_rq, init_rt_rq) ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
#endif /* CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED */
#else /* !CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED */
#define root_task_group init_task_group
#endif /* CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED */
sched: fair-group: separate tg->shares from task_group_lock On Mon, 2008-02-11 at 15:09 +0300, Denis V. Lunev wrote: > BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context > at /home/den/src/linux-netns26/kernel/mutex.c:209 > in_atomic():1, irqs_disabled():0 > no locks held by swapper/0. > Pid: 0, comm: swapper Not tainted 2.6.24 #304 > > Call Trace: > <IRQ> [<ffffffff80252d1e>] ? __debug_show_held_locks+0x15/0x27 > [<ffffffff8022c2a8>] __might_sleep+0xc0/0xdf > [<ffffffff8049f1df>] mutex_lock_nested+0x28/0x2a9 > [<ffffffff80231294>] sched_destroy_group+0x18/0xea > [<ffffffff8023e835>] sched_destroy_user+0xd/0xf > [<ffffffff8023e8c1>] free_uid+0x8a/0xab > [<ffffffff80233e24>] __put_task_struct+0x3f/0xd3 > [<ffffffff80236708>] delayed_put_task_struct+0x23/0x25 > [<ffffffff8026fda7>] __rcu_process_callbacks+0x8d/0x215 > [<ffffffff8026ff52>] rcu_process_callbacks+0x23/0x44 > [<ffffffff8023a2ae>] __do_softirq+0x79/0xf8 > [<ffffffff8020f8c3>] ? profile_pc+0x2a/0x67 > [<ffffffff8020d38c>] call_softirq+0x1c/0x30 > [<ffffffff8020f689>] do_softirq+0x61/0x9c > [<ffffffff8023a233>] irq_exit+0x51/0x53 > [<ffffffff8021bd1a>] smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x77/0xad > [<ffffffff8020ce3b>] apic_timer_interrupt+0x6b/0x70 > <EOI> [<ffffffff8020b0dd>] ? default_idle+0x43/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b0db>] ? default_idle+0x41/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b09a>] ? default_idle+0x0/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b186>] ? cpu_idle+0x76/0x98 separate the tg->shares protection from the task_group lock. Reported-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Tested-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-02-13 22:45:39 +08:00
/* task_group_lock serializes add/remove of task groups and also changes to
* a task group's cpu shares.
*/
sched: fair-group: separate tg->shares from task_group_lock On Mon, 2008-02-11 at 15:09 +0300, Denis V. Lunev wrote: > BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context > at /home/den/src/linux-netns26/kernel/mutex.c:209 > in_atomic():1, irqs_disabled():0 > no locks held by swapper/0. > Pid: 0, comm: swapper Not tainted 2.6.24 #304 > > Call Trace: > <IRQ> [<ffffffff80252d1e>] ? __debug_show_held_locks+0x15/0x27 > [<ffffffff8022c2a8>] __might_sleep+0xc0/0xdf > [<ffffffff8049f1df>] mutex_lock_nested+0x28/0x2a9 > [<ffffffff80231294>] sched_destroy_group+0x18/0xea > [<ffffffff8023e835>] sched_destroy_user+0xd/0xf > [<ffffffff8023e8c1>] free_uid+0x8a/0xab > [<ffffffff80233e24>] __put_task_struct+0x3f/0xd3 > [<ffffffff80236708>] delayed_put_task_struct+0x23/0x25 > [<ffffffff8026fda7>] __rcu_process_callbacks+0x8d/0x215 > [<ffffffff8026ff52>] rcu_process_callbacks+0x23/0x44 > [<ffffffff8023a2ae>] __do_softirq+0x79/0xf8 > [<ffffffff8020f8c3>] ? profile_pc+0x2a/0x67 > [<ffffffff8020d38c>] call_softirq+0x1c/0x30 > [<ffffffff8020f689>] do_softirq+0x61/0x9c > [<ffffffff8023a233>] irq_exit+0x51/0x53 > [<ffffffff8021bd1a>] smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x77/0xad > [<ffffffff8020ce3b>] apic_timer_interrupt+0x6b/0x70 > <EOI> [<ffffffff8020b0dd>] ? default_idle+0x43/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b0db>] ? default_idle+0x41/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b09a>] ? default_idle+0x0/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b186>] ? cpu_idle+0x76/0x98 separate the tg->shares protection from the task_group lock. Reported-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Tested-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-02-13 22:45:39 +08:00
static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(task_group_lock);
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
#ifdef CONFIG_USER_SCHED
# define INIT_TASK_GROUP_LOAD (2*NICE_0_LOAD)
#else /* !CONFIG_USER_SCHED */
# define INIT_TASK_GROUP_LOAD NICE_0_LOAD
#endif /* CONFIG_USER_SCHED */
/*
* A weight of 0 or 1 can cause arithmetics problems.
* A weight of a cfs_rq is the sum of weights of which entities
* are queued on this cfs_rq, so a weight of a entity should not be
* too large, so as the shares value of a task group.
* (The default weight is 1024 - so there's no practical
* limitation from this.)
*/
#define MIN_SHARES 2
#define MAX_SHARES (1UL << 18)
static int init_task_group_load = INIT_TASK_GROUP_LOAD;
#endif
/* Default task group.
* Every task in system belong to this group at bootup.
*/
struct task_group init_task_group;
/* return group to which a task belongs */
static inline struct task_group *task_group(struct task_struct *p)
{
struct task_group *tg;
#ifdef CONFIG_USER_SCHED
tg = p->user->tg;
#elif defined(CONFIG_CGROUP_SCHED)
tg = container_of(task_subsys_state(p, cpu_cgroup_subsys_id),
struct task_group, css);
#else
tg = &init_task_group;
#endif
return tg;
}
/* Change a task's cfs_rq and parent entity if it moves across CPUs/groups */
static inline void set_task_rq(struct task_struct *p, unsigned int cpu)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
p->se.cfs_rq = task_group(p)->cfs_rq[cpu];
p->se.parent = task_group(p)->se[cpu];
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED
p->rt.rt_rq = task_group(p)->rt_rq[cpu];
p->rt.parent = task_group(p)->rt_se[cpu];
#endif
}
#else
static inline void set_task_rq(struct task_struct *p, unsigned int cpu) { }
static inline struct task_group *task_group(struct task_struct *p)
{
return NULL;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_GROUP_SCHED */
/* CFS-related fields in a runqueue */
struct cfs_rq {
struct load_weight load;
unsigned long nr_running;
u64 exec_clock;
u64 min_vruntime;
u64 pair_start;
struct rb_root tasks_timeline;
struct rb_node *rb_leftmost;
struct list_head tasks;
struct list_head *balance_iterator;
/*
* 'curr' points to currently running entity on this cfs_rq.
* It is set to NULL otherwise (i.e when none are currently running).
*/
struct sched_entity *curr, *next;
unsigned long nr_spread_over;
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
struct rq *rq; /* cpu runqueue to which this cfs_rq is attached */
/*
* leaf cfs_rqs are those that hold tasks (lowest schedulable entity in
* a hierarchy). Non-leaf lrqs hold other higher schedulable entities
* (like users, containers etc.)
*
* leaf_cfs_rq_list ties together list of leaf cfs_rq's in a cpu. This
* list is used during load balance.
*/
struct list_head leaf_cfs_rq_list;
struct task_group *tg; /* group that "owns" this runqueue */
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
/*
* the part of load.weight contributed by tasks
*/
unsigned long task_weight;
/*
* h_load = weight * f(tg)
*
* Where f(tg) is the recursive weight fraction assigned to
* this group.
*/
unsigned long h_load;
/*
* this cpu's part of tg->shares
*/
unsigned long shares;
/*
* load.weight at the time we set shares
*/
unsigned long rq_weight;
#endif
#endif
};
/* Real-Time classes' related field in a runqueue: */
struct rt_rq {
struct rt_prio_array active;
unsigned long rt_nr_running;
#if defined CONFIG_SMP || defined CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED
int highest_prio; /* highest queued rt task prio */
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
sched: add RT-balance cpu-weight Some RT tasks (particularly kthreads) are bound to one specific CPU. It is fairly common for two or more bound tasks to get queued up at the same time. Consider, for instance, softirq_timer and softirq_sched. A timer goes off in an ISR which schedules softirq_thread to run at RT50. Then the timer handler determines that it's time to smp-rebalance the system so it schedules softirq_sched to run. So we are in a situation where we have two RT50 tasks queued, and the system will go into rt-overload condition to request other CPUs for help. This causes two problems in the current code: 1) If a high-priority bound task and a low-priority unbounded task queue up behind the running task, we will fail to ever relocate the unbounded task because we terminate the search on the first unmovable task. 2) We spend precious futile cycles in the fast-path trying to pull overloaded tasks over. It is therefore optimial to strive to avoid the overhead all together if we can cheaply detect the condition before overload even occurs. This patch tries to achieve this optimization by utilizing the hamming weight of the task->cpus_allowed mask. A weight of 1 indicates that the task cannot be migrated. We will then utilize this information to skip non-migratable tasks and to eliminate uncessary rebalance attempts. We introduce a per-rq variable to count the number of migratable tasks that are currently running. We only go into overload if we have more than one rt task, AND at least one of them is migratable. In addition, we introduce a per-task variable to cache the cpus_allowed weight, since the hamming calculation is probably relatively expensive. We only update the cached value when the mask is updated which should be relatively infrequent, especially compared to scheduling frequency in the fast path. Signed-off-by: Gregory Haskins <ghaskins@novell.com> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-01-26 04:08:07 +08:00
unsigned long rt_nr_migratory;
int overloaded;
#endif
int rt_throttled;
u64 rt_time;
u64 rt_runtime;
/* Nests inside the rq lock: */
spinlock_t rt_runtime_lock;
#ifdef CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED
unsigned long rt_nr_boosted;
struct rq *rq;
struct list_head leaf_rt_rq_list;
struct task_group *tg;
struct sched_rt_entity *rt_se;
#endif
};
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
/*
* We add the notion of a root-domain which will be used to define per-domain
* variables. Each exclusive cpuset essentially defines an island domain by
* fully partitioning the member cpus from any other cpuset. Whenever a new
* exclusive cpuset is created, we also create and attach a new root-domain
* object.
*
*/
struct root_domain {
atomic_t refcount;
cpumask_t span;
cpumask_t online;
/*
* The "RT overload" flag: it gets set if a CPU has more than
* one runnable RT task.
*/
cpumask_t rto_mask;
atomic_t rto_count;
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
struct cpupri cpupri;
#endif
};
/*
* By default the system creates a single root-domain with all cpus as
* members (mimicking the global state we have today).
*/
static struct root_domain def_root_domain;
#endif
/*
* This is the main, per-CPU runqueue data structure.
*
* Locking rule: those places that want to lock multiple runqueues
* (such as the load balancing or the thread migration code), lock
* acquire operations must be ordered by ascending &runqueue.
*/
struct rq {
/* runqueue lock: */
spinlock_t lock;
/*
* nr_running and cpu_load should be in the same cacheline because
* remote CPUs use both these fields when doing load calculation.
*/
unsigned long nr_running;
#define CPU_LOAD_IDX_MAX 5
unsigned long cpu_load[CPU_LOAD_IDX_MAX];
unsigned char idle_at_tick;
#ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ
unsigned long last_tick_seen;
unsigned char in_nohz_recently;
#endif
/* capture load from *all* tasks on this cpu: */
struct load_weight load;
unsigned long nr_load_updates;
u64 nr_switches;
struct cfs_rq cfs;
struct rt_rq rt;
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
/* list of leaf cfs_rq on this cpu: */
struct list_head leaf_cfs_rq_list;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED
struct list_head leaf_rt_rq_list;
#endif
/*
* This is part of a global counter where only the total sum
* over all CPUs matters. A task can increase this counter on
* one CPU and if it got migrated afterwards it may decrease
* it on another CPU. Always updated under the runqueue lock:
*/
unsigned long nr_uninterruptible;
struct task_struct *curr, *idle;
unsigned long next_balance;
struct mm_struct *prev_mm;
u64 clock;
atomic_t nr_iowait;
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
struct root_domain *rd;
struct sched_domain *sd;
/* For active balancing */
int active_balance;
int push_cpu;
/* cpu of this runqueue: */
int cpu;
int online;
unsigned long avg_load_per_task;
struct task_struct *migration_thread;
struct list_head migration_queue;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_HRTICK
unsigned long hrtick_flags;
ktime_t hrtick_expire;
struct hrtimer hrtick_timer;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
/* latency stats */
struct sched_info rq_sched_info;
/* sys_sched_yield() stats */
unsigned int yld_exp_empty;
unsigned int yld_act_empty;
unsigned int yld_both_empty;
unsigned int yld_count;
/* schedule() stats */
unsigned int sched_switch;
unsigned int sched_count;
unsigned int sched_goidle;
/* try_to_wake_up() stats */
unsigned int ttwu_count;
unsigned int ttwu_local;
/* BKL stats */
unsigned int bkl_count;
#endif
struct lock_class_key rq_lock_key;
};
static DEFINE_PER_CPU_SHARED_ALIGNED(struct rq, runqueues);
static inline void check_preempt_curr(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p)
{
rq->curr->sched_class->check_preempt_curr(rq, p);
}
[PATCH] Fix longstanding load balancing bug in the scheduler The scheduler will stop load balancing if the most busy processor contains processes pinned via processor affinity. The scheduler currently only does one search for busiest cpu. If it cannot pull any tasks away from the busiest cpu because they were pinned then the scheduler goes into a corner and sulks leaving the idle processors idle. F.e. If you have processor 0 busy running four tasks pinned via taskset, there are none on processor 1 and one just started two processes on processor 2 then the scheduler will not move one of the two processes away from processor 2. This patch fixes that issue by forcing the scheduler to come out of its corner and retrying the load balancing by considering other processors for load balancing. This patch was originally developed by John Hawkes and discussed at http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=113901368523205&w=2. I have removed extraneous material and gone back to equipping struct rq with the cpu the queue is associated with since this makes the patch much easier and it is likely that others in the future will have the same difficulty of figuring out which processor owns which runqueue. The overhead added through these patches is a single word on the stack if the kernel is configured to support 32 cpus or less (32 bit). For 32 bit environments the maximum number of cpus that can be configued is 255 which would result in the use of 32 bytes additional on the stack. On IA64 up to 1k cpus can be configured which will result in the use of 128 additional bytes on the stack. The maximum additional cache footprint is one cacheline. Typically memory use will be much less than a cacheline and the additional cpumask will be placed on the stack in a cacheline that already contains other local variable. Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-09-26 14:30:51 +08:00
static inline int cpu_of(struct rq *rq)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
return rq->cpu;
#else
return 0;
#endif
}
/*
* The domain tree (rq->sd) is protected by RCU's quiescent state transition.
[PATCH] Dynamic sched domains: sched changes The following patches add dynamic sched domains functionality that was extensively discussed on lkml and lse-tech. I would like to see this added to -mm o The main advantage with this feature is that it ensures that the scheduler load balacing code only balances against the cpus that are in the sched domain as defined by an exclusive cpuset and not all of the cpus in the system. This removes any overhead due to load balancing code trying to pull tasks outside of the cpu exclusive cpuset only to be prevented by the tasks' cpus_allowed mask. o cpu exclusive cpusets are useful for servers running orthogonal workloads such as RT applications requiring low latency and HPC applications that are throughput sensitive o It provides a new API partition_sched_domains in sched.c that makes dynamic sched domains possible. o cpu_exclusive cpusets sets are now associated with a sched domain. Which means that the users can dynamically modify the sched domains through the cpuset file system interface o ia64 sched domain code has been updated to support this feature as well o Currently, this does not support hotplug. (However some of my tests indicate hotplug+preempt is currently broken) o I have tested it extensively on x86. o This should have very minimal impact on performance as none of the fast paths are affected Signed-off-by: Dinakar Guniguntala <dino@in.ibm.com> Acked-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Acked-by: Matthew Dobson <colpatch@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-26 05:57:33 +08:00
* See detach_destroy_domains: synchronize_sched for details.
*
* The domain tree of any CPU may only be accessed from within
* preempt-disabled sections.
*/
#define for_each_domain(cpu, __sd) \
for (__sd = rcu_dereference(cpu_rq(cpu)->sd); __sd; __sd = __sd->parent)
#define cpu_rq(cpu) (&per_cpu(runqueues, (cpu)))
#define this_rq() (&__get_cpu_var(runqueues))
#define task_rq(p) cpu_rq(task_cpu(p))
#define cpu_curr(cpu) (cpu_rq(cpu)->curr)
static inline void update_rq_clock(struct rq *rq)
{
rq->clock = sched_clock_cpu(cpu_of(rq));
}
/*
* Tunables that become constants when CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG is off:
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG
# define const_debug __read_mostly
#else
# define const_debug static const
#endif
/*
* Debugging: various feature bits
*/
#define SCHED_FEAT(name, enabled) \
__SCHED_FEAT_##name ,
enum {
#include "sched_features.h"
};
#undef SCHED_FEAT
#define SCHED_FEAT(name, enabled) \
(1UL << __SCHED_FEAT_##name) * enabled |
const_debug unsigned int sysctl_sched_features =
#include "sched_features.h"
0;
#undef SCHED_FEAT
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG
#define SCHED_FEAT(name, enabled) \
#name ,
static __read_mostly char *sched_feat_names[] = {
#include "sched_features.h"
NULL
};
#undef SCHED_FEAT
static int sched_feat_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
filp->private_data = inode->i_private;
return 0;
}
static ssize_t
sched_feat_read(struct file *filp, char __user *ubuf,
size_t cnt, loff_t *ppos)
{
char *buf;
int r = 0;
int len = 0;
int i;
for (i = 0; sched_feat_names[i]; i++) {
len += strlen(sched_feat_names[i]);
len += 4;
}
buf = kmalloc(len + 2, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!buf)
return -ENOMEM;
for (i = 0; sched_feat_names[i]; i++) {
if (sysctl_sched_features & (1UL << i))
r += sprintf(buf + r, "%s ", sched_feat_names[i]);
else
r += sprintf(buf + r, "NO_%s ", sched_feat_names[i]);
}
r += sprintf(buf + r, "\n");
WARN_ON(r >= len + 2);
r = simple_read_from_buffer(ubuf, cnt, ppos, buf, r);
kfree(buf);
return r;
}
static ssize_t
sched_feat_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *ubuf,
size_t cnt, loff_t *ppos)
{
char buf[64];
char *cmp = buf;
int neg = 0;
int i;
if (cnt > 63)
cnt = 63;
if (copy_from_user(&buf, ubuf, cnt))
return -EFAULT;
buf[cnt] = 0;
if (strncmp(buf, "NO_", 3) == 0) {
neg = 1;
cmp += 3;
}
for (i = 0; sched_feat_names[i]; i++) {
int len = strlen(sched_feat_names[i]);
if (strncmp(cmp, sched_feat_names[i], len) == 0) {
if (neg)
sysctl_sched_features &= ~(1UL << i);
else
sysctl_sched_features |= (1UL << i);
break;
}
}
if (!sched_feat_names[i])
return -EINVAL;
filp->f_pos += cnt;
return cnt;
}
static struct file_operations sched_feat_fops = {
.open = sched_feat_open,
.read = sched_feat_read,
.write = sched_feat_write,
};
static __init int sched_init_debug(void)
{
debugfs_create_file("sched_features", 0644, NULL, NULL,
&sched_feat_fops);
return 0;
}
late_initcall(sched_init_debug);
#endif
#define sched_feat(x) (sysctl_sched_features & (1UL << __SCHED_FEAT_##x))
/*
* Number of tasks to iterate in a single balance run.
* Limited because this is done with IRQs disabled.
*/
const_debug unsigned int sysctl_sched_nr_migrate = 32;
/*
* ratelimit for updating the group shares.
* default: 0.5ms
*/
const_debug unsigned int sysctl_sched_shares_ratelimit = 500000;
/*
* period over which we measure -rt task cpu usage in us.
* default: 1s
*/
unsigned int sysctl_sched_rt_period = 1000000;
static __read_mostly int scheduler_running;
/*
* part of the period that we allow rt tasks to run in us.
* default: 0.95s
*/
int sysctl_sched_rt_runtime = 950000;
static inline u64 global_rt_period(void)
{
return (u64)sysctl_sched_rt_period * NSEC_PER_USEC;
}
static inline u64 global_rt_runtime(void)
{
if (sysctl_sched_rt_period < 0)
return RUNTIME_INF;
return (u64)sysctl_sched_rt_runtime * NSEC_PER_USEC;
}
#ifndef prepare_arch_switch
# define prepare_arch_switch(next) do { } while (0)
#endif
#ifndef finish_arch_switch
# define finish_arch_switch(prev) do { } while (0)
#endif
static inline int task_current(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p)
{
return rq->curr == p;
}
#ifndef __ARCH_WANT_UNLOCKED_CTXSW
static inline int task_running(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p)
{
return task_current(rq, p);
}
static inline void prepare_lock_switch(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *next)
{
}
static inline void finish_lock_switch(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *prev)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SPINLOCK
/* this is a valid case when another task releases the spinlock */
rq->lock.owner = current;
#endif
/*
* If we are tracking spinlock dependencies then we have to
* fix up the runqueue lock - which gets 'carried over' from
* prev into current:
*/
spin_acquire(&rq->lock.dep_map, 0, 0, _THIS_IP_);
spin_unlock_irq(&rq->lock);
}
#else /* __ARCH_WANT_UNLOCKED_CTXSW */
static inline int task_running(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
return p->oncpu;
#else
return task_current(rq, p);
#endif
}
static inline void prepare_lock_switch(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *next)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
/*
* We can optimise this out completely for !SMP, because the
* SMP rebalancing from interrupt is the only thing that cares
* here.
*/
next->oncpu = 1;
#endif
#ifdef __ARCH_WANT_INTERRUPTS_ON_CTXSW
spin_unlock_irq(&rq->lock);
#else
spin_unlock(&rq->lock);
#endif
}
static inline void finish_lock_switch(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *prev)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
/*
* After ->oncpu is cleared, the task can be moved to a different CPU.
* We must ensure this doesn't happen until the switch is completely
* finished.
*/
smp_wmb();
prev->oncpu = 0;
#endif
#ifndef __ARCH_WANT_INTERRUPTS_ON_CTXSW
local_irq_enable();
#endif
}
#endif /* __ARCH_WANT_UNLOCKED_CTXSW */
/*
* __task_rq_lock - lock the runqueue a given task resides on.
* Must be called interrupts disabled.
*/
static inline struct rq *__task_rq_lock(struct task_struct *p)
__acquires(rq->lock)
{
for (;;) {
struct rq *rq = task_rq(p);
spin_lock(&rq->lock);
if (likely(rq == task_rq(p)))
return rq;
spin_unlock(&rq->lock);
}
}
/*
* task_rq_lock - lock the runqueue a given task resides on and disable
* interrupts. Note the ordering: we can safely lookup the task_rq without
* explicitly disabling preemption.
*/
static struct rq *task_rq_lock(struct task_struct *p, unsigned long *flags)
__acquires(rq->lock)
{
struct rq *rq;
for (;;) {
local_irq_save(*flags);
rq = task_rq(p);
spin_lock(&rq->lock);
if (likely(rq == task_rq(p)))
return rq;
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rq->lock, *flags);
}
}
static void __task_rq_unlock(struct rq *rq)
__releases(rq->lock)
{
spin_unlock(&rq->lock);
}
static inline void task_rq_unlock(struct rq *rq, unsigned long *flags)
__releases(rq->lock)
{
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rq->lock, *flags);
}
/*
* this_rq_lock - lock this runqueue and disable interrupts.
*/
static struct rq *this_rq_lock(void)
__acquires(rq->lock)
{
struct rq *rq;
local_irq_disable();
rq = this_rq();
spin_lock(&rq->lock);
return rq;
}
static void __resched_task(struct task_struct *p, int tif_bit);
static inline void resched_task(struct task_struct *p)
{
__resched_task(p, TIF_NEED_RESCHED);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_HRTICK
/*
* Use HR-timers to deliver accurate preemption points.
*
* Its all a bit involved since we cannot program an hrt while holding the
* rq->lock. So what we do is store a state in in rq->hrtick_* and ask for a
* reschedule event.
*
* When we get rescheduled we reprogram the hrtick_timer outside of the
* rq->lock.
*/
static inline void resched_hrt(struct task_struct *p)
{
__resched_task(p, TIF_HRTICK_RESCHED);
}
static inline void resched_rq(struct rq *rq)
{
unsigned long flags;
spin_lock_irqsave(&rq->lock, flags);
resched_task(rq->curr);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rq->lock, flags);
}
enum {
HRTICK_SET, /* re-programm hrtick_timer */
HRTICK_RESET, /* not a new slice */
HRTICK_BLOCK, /* stop hrtick operations */
};
/*
* Use hrtick when:
* - enabled by features
* - hrtimer is actually high res
*/
static inline int hrtick_enabled(struct rq *rq)
{
if (!sched_feat(HRTICK))
return 0;
if (unlikely(test_bit(HRTICK_BLOCK, &rq->hrtick_flags)))
return 0;
return hrtimer_is_hres_active(&rq->hrtick_timer);
}
/*
* Called to set the hrtick timer state.
*
* called with rq->lock held and irqs disabled
*/
static void hrtick_start(struct rq *rq, u64 delay, int reset)
{
assert_spin_locked(&rq->lock);
/*
* preempt at: now + delay
*/
rq->hrtick_expire =
ktime_add_ns(rq->hrtick_timer.base->get_time(), delay);
/*
* indicate we need to program the timer
*/
__set_bit(HRTICK_SET, &rq->hrtick_flags);
if (reset)
__set_bit(HRTICK_RESET, &rq->hrtick_flags);
/*
* New slices are called from the schedule path and don't need a
* forced reschedule.
*/
if (reset)
resched_hrt(rq->curr);
}
static void hrtick_clear(struct rq *rq)
{
if (hrtimer_active(&rq->hrtick_timer))
hrtimer_cancel(&rq->hrtick_timer);
}
/*
* Update the timer from the possible pending state.
*/
static void hrtick_set(struct rq *rq)
{
ktime_t time;
int set, reset;
unsigned long flags;
WARN_ON_ONCE(cpu_of(rq) != smp_processor_id());
spin_lock_irqsave(&rq->lock, flags);
set = __test_and_clear_bit(HRTICK_SET, &rq->hrtick_flags);
reset = __test_and_clear_bit(HRTICK_RESET, &rq->hrtick_flags);
time = rq->hrtick_expire;
clear_thread_flag(TIF_HRTICK_RESCHED);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rq->lock, flags);
if (set) {
hrtimer_start(&rq->hrtick_timer, time, HRTIMER_MODE_ABS);
if (reset && !hrtimer_active(&rq->hrtick_timer))
resched_rq(rq);
} else
hrtick_clear(rq);
}
/*
* High-resolution timer tick.
* Runs from hardirq context with interrupts disabled.
*/
static enum hrtimer_restart hrtick(struct hrtimer *timer)
{
struct rq *rq = container_of(timer, struct rq, hrtick_timer);
WARN_ON_ONCE(cpu_of(rq) != smp_processor_id());
spin_lock(&rq->lock);
update_rq_clock(rq);
rq->curr->sched_class->task_tick(rq, rq->curr, 1);
spin_unlock(&rq->lock);
return HRTIMER_NORESTART;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
static void hotplug_hrtick_disable(int cpu)
{
struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
unsigned long flags;
spin_lock_irqsave(&rq->lock, flags);
rq->hrtick_flags = 0;
__set_bit(HRTICK_BLOCK, &rq->hrtick_flags);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rq->lock, flags);
hrtick_clear(rq);
}
static void hotplug_hrtick_enable(int cpu)
{
struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
unsigned long flags;
spin_lock_irqsave(&rq->lock, flags);
__clear_bit(HRTICK_BLOCK, &rq->hrtick_flags);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rq->lock, flags);
}
static int
hotplug_hrtick(struct notifier_block *nfb, unsigned long action, void *hcpu)
{
int cpu = (int)(long)hcpu;
switch (action) {
case CPU_UP_CANCELED:
case CPU_UP_CANCELED_FROZEN:
case CPU_DOWN_PREPARE:
case CPU_DOWN_PREPARE_FROZEN:
case CPU_DEAD:
case CPU_DEAD_FROZEN:
hotplug_hrtick_disable(cpu);
return NOTIFY_OK;
case CPU_UP_PREPARE:
case CPU_UP_PREPARE_FROZEN:
case CPU_DOWN_FAILED:
case CPU_DOWN_FAILED_FROZEN:
case CPU_ONLINE:
case CPU_ONLINE_FROZEN:
hotplug_hrtick_enable(cpu);
return NOTIFY_OK;
}
return NOTIFY_DONE;
}
static void init_hrtick(void)
{
hotcpu_notifier(hotplug_hrtick, 0);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
static void init_rq_hrtick(struct rq *rq)
{
rq->hrtick_flags = 0;
hrtimer_init(&rq->hrtick_timer, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, HRTIMER_MODE_REL);
rq->hrtick_timer.function = hrtick;
rq->hrtick_timer.cb_mode = HRTIMER_CB_IRQSAFE_NO_SOFTIRQ;
}
void hrtick_resched(void)
{
struct rq *rq;
unsigned long flags;
if (!test_thread_flag(TIF_HRTICK_RESCHED))
return;
local_irq_save(flags);
rq = cpu_rq(smp_processor_id());
hrtick_set(rq);
local_irq_restore(flags);
}
#else
static inline void hrtick_clear(struct rq *rq)
{
}
static inline void hrtick_set(struct rq *rq)
{
}
static inline void init_rq_hrtick(struct rq *rq)
{
}
void hrtick_resched(void)
{
}
static inline void init_hrtick(void)
{
}
#endif
/*
* resched_task - mark a task 'to be rescheduled now'.
*
* On UP this means the setting of the need_resched flag, on SMP it
* might also involve a cross-CPU call to trigger the scheduler on
* the target CPU.
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
#ifndef tsk_is_polling
#define tsk_is_polling(t) test_tsk_thread_flag(t, TIF_POLLING_NRFLAG)
#endif
static void __resched_task(struct task_struct *p, int tif_bit)
{
int cpu;
assert_spin_locked(&task_rq(p)->lock);
if (unlikely(test_tsk_thread_flag(p, tif_bit)))
return;
set_tsk_thread_flag(p, tif_bit);
cpu = task_cpu(p);
if (cpu == smp_processor_id())
return;
/* NEED_RESCHED must be visible before we test polling */
smp_mb();
if (!tsk_is_polling(p))
smp_send_reschedule(cpu);
}
static void resched_cpu(int cpu)
{
struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
unsigned long flags;
if (!spin_trylock_irqsave(&rq->lock, flags))
return;
resched_task(cpu_curr(cpu));
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rq->lock, flags);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ
/*
* When add_timer_on() enqueues a timer into the timer wheel of an
* idle CPU then this timer might expire before the next timer event
* which is scheduled to wake up that CPU. In case of a completely
* idle system the next event might even be infinite time into the
* future. wake_up_idle_cpu() ensures that the CPU is woken up and
* leaves the inner idle loop so the newly added timer is taken into
* account when the CPU goes back to idle and evaluates the timer
* wheel for the next timer event.
*/
void wake_up_idle_cpu(int cpu)
{
struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
if (cpu == smp_processor_id())
return;
/*
* This is safe, as this function is called with the timer
* wheel base lock of (cpu) held. When the CPU is on the way
* to idle and has not yet set rq->curr to idle then it will
* be serialized on the timer wheel base lock and take the new
* timer into account automatically.
*/
if (rq->curr != rq->idle)
return;
/*
* We can set TIF_RESCHED on the idle task of the other CPU
* lockless. The worst case is that the other CPU runs the
* idle task through an additional NOOP schedule()
*/
set_tsk_thread_flag(rq->idle, TIF_NEED_RESCHED);
/* NEED_RESCHED must be visible before we test polling */
smp_mb();
if (!tsk_is_polling(rq->idle))
smp_send_reschedule(cpu);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_NO_HZ */
#else /* !CONFIG_SMP */
static void __resched_task(struct task_struct *p, int tif_bit)
{
assert_spin_locked(&task_rq(p)->lock);
set_tsk_thread_flag(p, tif_bit);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
#if BITS_PER_LONG == 32
# define WMULT_CONST (~0UL)
#else
# define WMULT_CONST (1UL << 32)
#endif
#define WMULT_SHIFT 32
/*
* Shift right and round:
*/
#define SRR(x, y) (((x) + (1UL << ((y) - 1))) >> (y))
/*
* delta *= weight / lw
*/
static unsigned long
calc_delta_mine(unsigned long delta_exec, unsigned long weight,
struct load_weight *lw)
{
u64 tmp;
if (!lw->inv_weight) {
if (BITS_PER_LONG > 32 && unlikely(lw->weight >= WMULT_CONST))
lw->inv_weight = 1;
else
lw->inv_weight = 1 + (WMULT_CONST-lw->weight/2)
/ (lw->weight+1);
}
tmp = (u64)delta_exec * weight;
/*
* Check whether we'd overflow the 64-bit multiplication:
*/
if (unlikely(tmp > WMULT_CONST))
tmp = SRR(SRR(tmp, WMULT_SHIFT/2) * lw->inv_weight,
WMULT_SHIFT/2);
else
tmp = SRR(tmp * lw->inv_weight, WMULT_SHIFT);
return (unsigned long)min(tmp, (u64)(unsigned long)LONG_MAX);
}
static inline void update_load_add(struct load_weight *lw, unsigned long inc)
{
lw->weight += inc;
lw->inv_weight = 0;
}
static inline void update_load_sub(struct load_weight *lw, unsigned long dec)
{
lw->weight -= dec;
lw->inv_weight = 0;
}
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
/*
* To aid in avoiding the subversion of "niceness" due to uneven distribution
* of tasks with abnormal "nice" values across CPUs the contribution that
* each task makes to its run queue's load is weighted according to its
* scheduling class and "nice" value. For SCHED_NORMAL tasks this is just a
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
* scaled version of the new time slice allocation that they receive on time
* slice expiry etc.
*/
#define WEIGHT_IDLEPRIO 2
#define WMULT_IDLEPRIO (1 << 31)
/*
* Nice levels are multiplicative, with a gentle 10% change for every
* nice level changed. I.e. when a CPU-bound task goes from nice 0 to
* nice 1, it will get ~10% less CPU time than another CPU-bound task
* that remained on nice 0.
*
* The "10% effect" is relative and cumulative: from _any_ nice level,
* if you go up 1 level, it's -10% CPU usage, if you go down 1 level
* it's +10% CPU usage. (to achieve that we use a multiplier of 1.25.
* If a task goes up by ~10% and another task goes down by ~10% then
* the relative distance between them is ~25%.)
*/
static const int prio_to_weight[40] = {
sched: make the multiplication table more accurate do small deltas in the weight and multiplication constant table so that the worst-case numeric error is better than 1:100000000. (8 digits) the current error table is: nice mult * inv_mult error ------------------------------------------ -20: 88761 * 48388 -0.0000000065 -19: 71755 * 59856 -0.0000000037 -18: 56483 * 76040 0.0000000056 -17: 46273 * 92818 0.0000000042 -16: 36291 * 118348 -0.0000000065 -15: 29154 * 147320 -0.0000000037 -14: 23254 * 184698 -0.0000000009 -13: 18705 * 229616 -0.0000000037 -12: 14949 * 287308 -0.0000000009 -11: 11916 * 360437 -0.0000000009 -10: 9548 * 449829 -0.0000000009 -9: 7620 * 563644 -0.0000000037 -8: 6100 * 704093 0.0000000009 -7: 4904 * 875809 0.0000000093 -6: 3906 * 1099582 -0.0000000009 -5: 3121 * 1376151 -0.0000000058 -4: 2501 * 1717300 0.0000000009 -3: 1991 * 2157191 -0.0000000035 -2: 1586 * 2708050 0.0000000009 -1: 1277 * 3363326 0.0000000014 0: 1024 * 4194304 0.0000000000 1: 820 * 5237765 0.0000000009 2: 655 * 6557202 0.0000000033 3: 526 * 8165337 -0.0000000079 4: 423 * 10153587 0.0000000012 5: 335 * 12820798 0.0000000079 6: 272 * 15790321 0.0000000037 7: 215 * 19976592 -0.0000000037 8: 172 * 24970740 -0.0000000037 9: 137 * 31350126 -0.0000000079 10: 110 * 39045157 -0.0000000061 11: 87 * 49367440 -0.0000000037 12: 70 * 61356676 0.0000000056 13: 56 * 76695844 -0.0000000075 14: 45 * 95443717 -0.0000000072 15: 36 * 119304647 -0.0000000009 16: 29 * 148102320 -0.0000000037 17: 23 * 186737708 -0.0000000028 18: 18 * 238609294 -0.0000000009 19: 15 * 286331153 -0.0000000002 Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-08-09 17:16:51 +08:00
/* -20 */ 88761, 71755, 56483, 46273, 36291,
/* -15 */ 29154, 23254, 18705, 14949, 11916,
/* -10 */ 9548, 7620, 6100, 4904, 3906,
/* -5 */ 3121, 2501, 1991, 1586, 1277,
/* 0 */ 1024, 820, 655, 526, 423,
/* 5 */ 335, 272, 215, 172, 137,
/* 10 */ 110, 87, 70, 56, 45,
/* 15 */ 36, 29, 23, 18, 15,
};
/*
* Inverse (2^32/x) values of the prio_to_weight[] array, precalculated.
*
* In cases where the weight does not change often, we can use the
* precalculated inverse to speed up arithmetics by turning divisions
* into multiplications:
*/
static const u32 prio_to_wmult[40] = {
sched: make the multiplication table more accurate do small deltas in the weight and multiplication constant table so that the worst-case numeric error is better than 1:100000000. (8 digits) the current error table is: nice mult * inv_mult error ------------------------------------------ -20: 88761 * 48388 -0.0000000065 -19: 71755 * 59856 -0.0000000037 -18: 56483 * 76040 0.0000000056 -17: 46273 * 92818 0.0000000042 -16: 36291 * 118348 -0.0000000065 -15: 29154 * 147320 -0.0000000037 -14: 23254 * 184698 -0.0000000009 -13: 18705 * 229616 -0.0000000037 -12: 14949 * 287308 -0.0000000009 -11: 11916 * 360437 -0.0000000009 -10: 9548 * 449829 -0.0000000009 -9: 7620 * 563644 -0.0000000037 -8: 6100 * 704093 0.0000000009 -7: 4904 * 875809 0.0000000093 -6: 3906 * 1099582 -0.0000000009 -5: 3121 * 1376151 -0.0000000058 -4: 2501 * 1717300 0.0000000009 -3: 1991 * 2157191 -0.0000000035 -2: 1586 * 2708050 0.0000000009 -1: 1277 * 3363326 0.0000000014 0: 1024 * 4194304 0.0000000000 1: 820 * 5237765 0.0000000009 2: 655 * 6557202 0.0000000033 3: 526 * 8165337 -0.0000000079 4: 423 * 10153587 0.0000000012 5: 335 * 12820798 0.0000000079 6: 272 * 15790321 0.0000000037 7: 215 * 19976592 -0.0000000037 8: 172 * 24970740 -0.0000000037 9: 137 * 31350126 -0.0000000079 10: 110 * 39045157 -0.0000000061 11: 87 * 49367440 -0.0000000037 12: 70 * 61356676 0.0000000056 13: 56 * 76695844 -0.0000000075 14: 45 * 95443717 -0.0000000072 15: 36 * 119304647 -0.0000000009 16: 29 * 148102320 -0.0000000037 17: 23 * 186737708 -0.0000000028 18: 18 * 238609294 -0.0000000009 19: 15 * 286331153 -0.0000000002 Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-08-09 17:16:51 +08:00
/* -20 */ 48388, 59856, 76040, 92818, 118348,
/* -15 */ 147320, 184698, 229616, 287308, 360437,
/* -10 */ 449829, 563644, 704093, 875809, 1099582,
/* -5 */ 1376151, 1717300, 2157191, 2708050, 3363326,
/* 0 */ 4194304, 5237765, 6557202, 8165337, 10153587,
/* 5 */ 12820798, 15790321, 19976592, 24970740, 31350126,
/* 10 */ 39045157, 49367440, 61356676, 76695844, 95443717,
/* 15 */ 119304647, 148102320, 186737708, 238609294, 286331153,
};
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
static void activate_task(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, int wakeup);
/*
* runqueue iterator, to support SMP load-balancing between different
* scheduling classes, without having to expose their internal data
* structures to the load-balancing proper:
*/
struct rq_iterator {
void *arg;
struct task_struct *(*start)(void *);
struct task_struct *(*next)(void *);
};
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
static unsigned long
balance_tasks(struct rq *this_rq, int this_cpu, struct rq *busiest,
unsigned long max_load_move, struct sched_domain *sd,
enum cpu_idle_type idle, int *all_pinned,
int *this_best_prio, struct rq_iterator *iterator);
static int
iter_move_one_task(struct rq *this_rq, int this_cpu, struct rq *busiest,
struct sched_domain *sd, enum cpu_idle_type idle,
struct rq_iterator *iterator);
#endif
sched: cpu accounting controller (V2) Commit cfb5285660aad4931b2ebbfa902ea48a37dfffa1 removed a useful feature for us, which provided a cpu accounting resource controller. This feature would be useful if someone wants to group tasks only for accounting purpose and doesnt really want to exercise any control over their cpu consumption. The patch below reintroduces the feature. It is based on Paul Menage's original patch (Commit 62d0df64065e7c135d0002f069444fbdfc64768f), with these differences: - Removed load average information. I felt it needs more thought (esp to deal with SMP and virtualized platforms) and can be added for 2.6.25 after more discussions. - Convert group cpu usage to be nanosecond accurate (as rest of the cfs stats are) and invoke cpuacct_charge() from the respective scheduler classes - Make accounting scalable on SMP systems by splitting the usage counter to be per-cpu - Move the code from kernel/cpu_acct.c to kernel/sched.c (since the code is not big enough to warrant a new file and also this rightly needs to live inside the scheduler. Also things like accessing rq->lock while reading cpu usage becomes easier if the code lived in kernel/sched.c) The patch also modifies the cpu controller not to provide the same accounting information. Tested-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Tested the patches on top of 2.6.24-rc3. The patches work fine. Ran some simple tests like cpuspin (spin on the cpu), ran several tasks in the same group and timed them. Compared their time stamps with cpuacct.usage. Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-12-03 03:04:49 +08:00
#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_CPUACCT
static void cpuacct_charge(struct task_struct *tsk, u64 cputime);
#else
static inline void cpuacct_charge(struct task_struct *tsk, u64 cputime) {}
#endif
static inline void inc_cpu_load(struct rq *rq, unsigned long load)
{
update_load_add(&rq->load, load);
}
static inline void dec_cpu_load(struct rq *rq, unsigned long load)
{
update_load_sub(&rq->load, load);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
static unsigned long source_load(int cpu, int type);
static unsigned long target_load(int cpu, int type);
static int task_hot(struct task_struct *p, u64 now, struct sched_domain *sd);
static unsigned long cpu_avg_load_per_task(int cpu)
{
struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
if (rq->nr_running)
rq->avg_load_per_task = rq->load.weight / rq->nr_running;
return rq->avg_load_per_task;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
typedef void (*tg_visitor)(struct task_group *, int, struct sched_domain *);
/*
* Iterate the full tree, calling @down when first entering a node and @up when
* leaving it for the final time.
*/
static void
walk_tg_tree(tg_visitor down, tg_visitor up, int cpu, struct sched_domain *sd)
{
struct task_group *parent, *child;
rcu_read_lock();
parent = &root_task_group;
down:
(*down)(parent, cpu, sd);
list_for_each_entry_rcu(child, &parent->children, siblings) {
parent = child;
goto down;
up:
continue;
}
(*up)(parent, cpu, sd);
child = parent;
parent = parent->parent;
if (parent)
goto up;
rcu_read_unlock();
}
static void __set_se_shares(struct sched_entity *se, unsigned long shares);
/*
* Calculate and set the cpu's group shares.
*/
static void
__update_group_shares_cpu(struct task_group *tg, int cpu,
unsigned long sd_shares, unsigned long sd_rq_weight)
{
int boost = 0;
unsigned long shares;
unsigned long rq_weight;
if (!tg->se[cpu])
return;
rq_weight = tg->cfs_rq[cpu]->load.weight;
/*
* If there are currently no tasks on the cpu pretend there is one of
* average load so that when a new task gets to run here it will not
* get delayed by group starvation.
*/
if (!rq_weight) {
boost = 1;
rq_weight = NICE_0_LOAD;
}
if (unlikely(rq_weight > sd_rq_weight))
rq_weight = sd_rq_weight;
/*
* \Sum shares * rq_weight
* shares = -----------------------
* \Sum rq_weight
*
*/
shares = (sd_shares * rq_weight) / (sd_rq_weight + 1);
/*
* record the actual number of shares, not the boosted amount.
*/
tg->cfs_rq[cpu]->shares = boost ? 0 : shares;
tg->cfs_rq[cpu]->rq_weight = rq_weight;
if (shares < MIN_SHARES)
shares = MIN_SHARES;
else if (shares > MAX_SHARES)
shares = MAX_SHARES;
__set_se_shares(tg->se[cpu], shares);
}
/*
* Re-compute the task group their per cpu shares over the given domain.
* This needs to be done in a bottom-up fashion because the rq weight of a
* parent group depends on the shares of its child groups.
*/
static void
tg_shares_up(struct task_group *tg, int cpu, struct sched_domain *sd)
{
unsigned long rq_weight = 0;
unsigned long shares = 0;
int i;
for_each_cpu_mask(i, sd->span) {
rq_weight += tg->cfs_rq[i]->load.weight;
shares += tg->cfs_rq[i]->shares;
}
if ((!shares && rq_weight) || shares > tg->shares)
shares = tg->shares;
if (!sd->parent || !(sd->parent->flags & SD_LOAD_BALANCE))
shares = tg->shares;
if (!rq_weight)
rq_weight = cpus_weight(sd->span) * NICE_0_LOAD;
for_each_cpu_mask(i, sd->span) {
struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(i);
unsigned long flags;
spin_lock_irqsave(&rq->lock, flags);
__update_group_shares_cpu(tg, i, shares, rq_weight);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rq->lock, flags);
}
}
/*
* Compute the cpu's hierarchical load factor for each task group.
* This needs to be done in a top-down fashion because the load of a child
* group is a fraction of its parents load.
*/
static void
tg_load_down(struct task_group *tg, int cpu, struct sched_domain *sd)
{
unsigned long load;
if (!tg->parent) {
load = cpu_rq(cpu)->load.weight;
} else {
load = tg->parent->cfs_rq[cpu]->h_load;
load *= tg->cfs_rq[cpu]->shares;
load /= tg->parent->cfs_rq[cpu]->load.weight + 1;
}
tg->cfs_rq[cpu]->h_load = load;
}
static void
tg_nop(struct task_group *tg, int cpu, struct sched_domain *sd)
{
}
static void update_shares(struct sched_domain *sd)
{
u64 now = cpu_clock(raw_smp_processor_id());
s64 elapsed = now - sd->last_update;
if (elapsed >= (s64)(u64)sysctl_sched_shares_ratelimit) {
sd->last_update = now;
walk_tg_tree(tg_nop, tg_shares_up, 0, sd);
}
}
static void update_shares_locked(struct rq *rq, struct sched_domain *sd)
{
spin_unlock(&rq->lock);
update_shares(sd);
spin_lock(&rq->lock);
}
static void update_h_load(int cpu)
{
walk_tg_tree(tg_load_down, tg_nop, cpu, NULL);
}
#else
static inline void update_shares(struct sched_domain *sd)
{
}
static inline void update_shares_locked(struct rq *rq, struct sched_domain *sd)
{
}
#endif
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
static void cfs_rq_set_shares(struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq, unsigned long shares)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
cfs_rq->shares = shares;
#endif
}
#endif
#include "sched_stats.h"
#include "sched_idletask.c"
#include "sched_fair.c"
#include "sched_rt.c"
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG
# include "sched_debug.c"
#endif
#define sched_class_highest (&rt_sched_class)
#define for_each_class(class) \
for (class = sched_class_highest; class; class = class->next)
static void inc_nr_running(struct rq *rq)
{
rq->nr_running++;
}
static void dec_nr_running(struct rq *rq)
{
rq->nr_running--;
}
static void set_load_weight(struct task_struct *p)
{
if (task_has_rt_policy(p)) {
p->se.load.weight = prio_to_weight[0] * 2;
p->se.load.inv_weight = prio_to_wmult[0] >> 1;
return;
}
/*
* SCHED_IDLE tasks get minimal weight:
*/
if (p->policy == SCHED_IDLE) {
p->se.load.weight = WEIGHT_IDLEPRIO;
p->se.load.inv_weight = WMULT_IDLEPRIO;
return;
}
p->se.load.weight = prio_to_weight[p->static_prio - MAX_RT_PRIO];
p->se.load.inv_weight = prio_to_wmult[p->static_prio - MAX_RT_PRIO];
}
static void update_avg(u64 *avg, u64 sample)
{
s64 diff = sample - *avg;
*avg += diff >> 3;
}
static void enqueue_task(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, int wakeup)
{
sched_info_queued(p);
p->sched_class->enqueue_task(rq, p, wakeup);
p->se.on_rq = 1;
}
static void dequeue_task(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, int sleep)
{
if (sleep && p->se.last_wakeup) {
update_avg(&p->se.avg_overlap,
p->se.sum_exec_runtime - p->se.last_wakeup);
p->se.last_wakeup = 0;
}
sched: fix accounting in task delay accounting & migration On Thu, Jun 19, 2008 at 12:27:14PM +0200, Peter Zijlstra wrote: > On Thu, 2008-06-05 at 10:50 +0530, Ankita Garg wrote: > > > Thanks Peter for the explanation... > > > > I agree with the above and that is the reason why I did not see weird > > values with cpu_time. But, run_delay still would suffer skews as the end > > points for delta could be taken on different cpus due to migration (more > > so on RT kernel due to the push-pull operations). With the below patch, > > I could not reproduce the issue I had seen earlier. After every dequeue, > > we take the delta and start wait measurements from zero when moved to a > > different rq. > > OK, so task delay delay accounting is broken because it doesn't take > migration into account. > > What you've done is make it symmetric wrt enqueue, and account it like > > cpu0 cpu1 > > enqueue > <wait-d1> > dequeue > enqueue > <wait-d2> > run > > Where you add both d1 and d2 to the run_delay,.. right? > Thanks for reviewing the patch. The above is exactly what I have done. > This seems like a good fix, however it looks like the patch will break > compilation in !CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS && !CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT, of it > failing to provide a stub for sched_info_dequeue() in that case. Fixed. Pl. find the new patch below. Signed-off-by: Ankita Garg <ankita@in.ibm.com> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Gregory Haskins <ghaskins@novell.com> Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org Cc: suresh.b.siddha@intel.com Cc: aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: dhaval@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com Cc: David Bahi <DBahi@novell.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-07-01 17:00:06 +08:00
sched_info_dequeued(p);
p->sched_class->dequeue_task(rq, p, sleep);
p->se.on_rq = 0;
}
/*
* __normal_prio - return the priority that is based on the static prio
*/
static inline int __normal_prio(struct task_struct *p)
{
return p->static_prio;
}
/*
* Calculate the expected normal priority: i.e. priority
* without taking RT-inheritance into account. Might be
* boosted by interactivity modifiers. Changes upon fork,
* setprio syscalls, and whenever the interactivity
* estimator recalculates.
*/
static inline int normal_prio(struct task_struct *p)
{
int prio;
if (task_has_rt_policy(p))
prio = MAX_RT_PRIO-1 - p->rt_priority;
else
prio = __normal_prio(p);
return prio;
}
/*
* Calculate the current priority, i.e. the priority
* taken into account by the scheduler. This value might
* be boosted by RT tasks, or might be boosted by
* interactivity modifiers. Will be RT if the task got
* RT-boosted. If not then it returns p->normal_prio.
*/
static int effective_prio(struct task_struct *p)
{
p->normal_prio = normal_prio(p);
/*
* If we are RT tasks or we were boosted to RT priority,
* keep the priority unchanged. Otherwise, update priority
* to the normal priority:
*/
if (!rt_prio(p->prio))
return p->normal_prio;
return p->prio;
}
/*
* activate_task - move a task to the runqueue.
*/
static void activate_task(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, int wakeup)
{
if (task_contributes_to_load(p))
rq->nr_uninterruptible--;
enqueue_task(rq, p, wakeup);
inc_nr_running(rq);
}
/*
* deactivate_task - remove a task from the runqueue.
*/
static void deactivate_task(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, int sleep)
{
if (task_contributes_to_load(p))
rq->nr_uninterruptible++;
dequeue_task(rq, p, sleep);
dec_nr_running(rq);
}
/**
* task_curr - is this task currently executing on a CPU?
* @p: the task in question.
*/
inline int task_curr(const struct task_struct *p)
{
return cpu_curr(task_cpu(p)) == p;
}
static inline void __set_task_cpu(struct task_struct *p, unsigned int cpu)
{
set_task_rq(p, cpu);
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
/*
* After ->cpu is set up to a new value, task_rq_lock(p, ...) can be
* successfuly executed on another CPU. We must ensure that updates of
* per-task data have been completed by this moment.
*/
smp_wmb();
task_thread_info(p)->cpu = cpu;
#endif
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
}
static inline void check_class_changed(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p,
const struct sched_class *prev_class,
int oldprio, int running)
{
if (prev_class != p->sched_class) {
if (prev_class->switched_from)
prev_class->switched_from(rq, p, running);
p->sched_class->switched_to(rq, p, running);
} else
p->sched_class->prio_changed(rq, p, oldprio, running);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
/* Used instead of source_load when we know the type == 0 */
static unsigned long weighted_cpuload(const int cpu)
{
return cpu_rq(cpu)->load.weight;
}
/*
* Is this task likely cache-hot:
*/
static int
task_hot(struct task_struct *p, u64 now, struct sched_domain *sd)
{
s64 delta;
/*
* Buddy candidates are cache hot:
*/
if (sched_feat(CACHE_HOT_BUDDY) && (&p->se == cfs_rq_of(&p->se)->next))
return 1;
if (p->sched_class != &fair_sched_class)
return 0;
if (sysctl_sched_migration_cost == -1)
return 1;
if (sysctl_sched_migration_cost == 0)
return 0;
delta = now - p->se.exec_start;
return delta < (s64)sysctl_sched_migration_cost;
}
void set_task_cpu(struct task_struct *p, unsigned int new_cpu)
{
int old_cpu = task_cpu(p);
struct rq *old_rq = cpu_rq(old_cpu), *new_rq = cpu_rq(new_cpu);
struct cfs_rq *old_cfsrq = task_cfs_rq(p),
*new_cfsrq = cpu_cfs_rq(old_cfsrq, new_cpu);
u64 clock_offset;
clock_offset = old_rq->clock - new_rq->clock;
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
if (p->se.wait_start)
p->se.wait_start -= clock_offset;
if (p->se.sleep_start)
p->se.sleep_start -= clock_offset;
if (p->se.block_start)
p->se.block_start -= clock_offset;
if (old_cpu != new_cpu) {
schedstat_inc(p, se.nr_migrations);
if (task_hot(p, old_rq->clock, NULL))
schedstat_inc(p, se.nr_forced2_migrations);
}
#endif
p->se.vruntime -= old_cfsrq->min_vruntime -
new_cfsrq->min_vruntime;
__set_task_cpu(p, new_cpu);
}
struct migration_req {
struct list_head list;
struct task_struct *task;
int dest_cpu;
struct completion done;
};
/*
* The task's runqueue lock must be held.
* Returns true if you have to wait for migration thread.
*/
static int
migrate_task(struct task_struct *p, int dest_cpu, struct migration_req *req)
{
struct rq *rq = task_rq(p);
/*
* If the task is not on a runqueue (and not running), then
* it is sufficient to simply update the task's cpu field.
*/
if (!p->se.on_rq && !task_running(rq, p)) {
set_task_cpu(p, dest_cpu);
return 0;
}
init_completion(&req->done);
req->task = p;
req->dest_cpu = dest_cpu;
list_add(&req->list, &rq->migration_queue);
return 1;
}
/*
* wait_task_inactive - wait for a thread to unschedule.
*
* The caller must ensure that the task *will* unschedule sometime soon,
* else this function might spin for a *long* time. This function can't
* be called with interrupts off, or it may introduce deadlock with
* smp_call_function() if an IPI is sent by the same process we are
* waiting to become inactive.
*/
void wait_task_inactive(struct task_struct *p)
{
unsigned long flags;
int running, on_rq;
struct rq *rq;
for (;;) {
/*
* We do the initial early heuristics without holding
* any task-queue locks at all. We'll only try to get
* the runqueue lock when things look like they will
* work out!
*/
rq = task_rq(p);
Fix possible runqueue lock starvation in wait_task_inactive() Miklos Szeredi reported very long pauses (several seconds, sometimes more) on his T60 (with a Core2Duo) which he managed to track down to wait_task_inactive()'s open-coded busy-loop. He observed that an interrupt on one core tries to acquire the runqueue-lock but does not succeed in doing so for a very long time - while wait_task_inactive() on the other core loops waiting for the first core to deschedule a task (which it wont do while spinning in an interrupt handler). This rewrites wait_task_inactive() to do all its waiting optimistically without any locks taken at all, and then just double-check the end result with the proper runqueue lock held over just a very short section. If there were races in the optimistic wait, of a preemption event scheduled the process away, we simply re-synchronize, and start over. So the code now looks like this: repeat: /* Unlocked, optimistic looping! */ rq = task_rq(p); while (task_running(rq, p)) cpu_relax(); /* Get the *real* values */ rq = task_rq_lock(p, &flags); running = task_running(rq, p); array = p->array; task_rq_unlock(rq, &flags); /* Check them.. */ if (unlikely(running)) { cpu_relax(); goto repeat; } /* Preempted away? Yield if so.. */ if (unlikely(array)) { yield(); goto repeat; } Basically, that first "while()" loop is done entirely without any locking at all (and doesn't check for the case where the target process might have been preempted away), and so it's possibly "incorrect", but we don't really care. Both the runqueue used, and the "task_running()" check might be the wrong tests, but they won't oops - they just mean that we could possibly get the wrong results due to lack of locking and exit the loop early in the case of a race condition. So once we've exited the loop, we then get the proper (and careful) rq lock, and check the running/runnable state _safely_. And if it turns out that our quick-and-dirty and unsafe loop was wrong after all, we just go back and try it all again. (The patch also adds a lot of comments, which is the actual bulk of it all, to make it more obvious why we can do these things without holding the locks). Thanks to Miklos for all the testing and tracking it down. Tested-by: Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-06-19 00:34:40 +08:00
/*
* If the task is actively running on another CPU
* still, just relax and busy-wait without holding
* any locks.
*
* NOTE! Since we don't hold any locks, it's not
* even sure that "rq" stays as the right runqueue!
* But we don't care, since "task_running()" will
* return false if the runqueue has changed and p
* is actually now running somewhere else!
*/
while (task_running(rq, p))
cpu_relax();
Fix possible runqueue lock starvation in wait_task_inactive() Miklos Szeredi reported very long pauses (several seconds, sometimes more) on his T60 (with a Core2Duo) which he managed to track down to wait_task_inactive()'s open-coded busy-loop. He observed that an interrupt on one core tries to acquire the runqueue-lock but does not succeed in doing so for a very long time - while wait_task_inactive() on the other core loops waiting for the first core to deschedule a task (which it wont do while spinning in an interrupt handler). This rewrites wait_task_inactive() to do all its waiting optimistically without any locks taken at all, and then just double-check the end result with the proper runqueue lock held over just a very short section. If there were races in the optimistic wait, of a preemption event scheduled the process away, we simply re-synchronize, and start over. So the code now looks like this: repeat: /* Unlocked, optimistic looping! */ rq = task_rq(p); while (task_running(rq, p)) cpu_relax(); /* Get the *real* values */ rq = task_rq_lock(p, &flags); running = task_running(rq, p); array = p->array; task_rq_unlock(rq, &flags); /* Check them.. */ if (unlikely(running)) { cpu_relax(); goto repeat; } /* Preempted away? Yield if so.. */ if (unlikely(array)) { yield(); goto repeat; } Basically, that first "while()" loop is done entirely without any locking at all (and doesn't check for the case where the target process might have been preempted away), and so it's possibly "incorrect", but we don't really care. Both the runqueue used, and the "task_running()" check might be the wrong tests, but they won't oops - they just mean that we could possibly get the wrong results due to lack of locking and exit the loop early in the case of a race condition. So once we've exited the loop, we then get the proper (and careful) rq lock, and check the running/runnable state _safely_. And if it turns out that our quick-and-dirty and unsafe loop was wrong after all, we just go back and try it all again. (The patch also adds a lot of comments, which is the actual bulk of it all, to make it more obvious why we can do these things without holding the locks). Thanks to Miklos for all the testing and tracking it down. Tested-by: Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-06-19 00:34:40 +08:00
/*
* Ok, time to look more closely! We need the rq
* lock now, to be *sure*. If we're wrong, we'll
* just go back and repeat.
*/
rq = task_rq_lock(p, &flags);
running = task_running(rq, p);
on_rq = p->se.on_rq;
task_rq_unlock(rq, &flags);
Fix possible runqueue lock starvation in wait_task_inactive() Miklos Szeredi reported very long pauses (several seconds, sometimes more) on his T60 (with a Core2Duo) which he managed to track down to wait_task_inactive()'s open-coded busy-loop. He observed that an interrupt on one core tries to acquire the runqueue-lock but does not succeed in doing so for a very long time - while wait_task_inactive() on the other core loops waiting for the first core to deschedule a task (which it wont do while spinning in an interrupt handler). This rewrites wait_task_inactive() to do all its waiting optimistically without any locks taken at all, and then just double-check the end result with the proper runqueue lock held over just a very short section. If there were races in the optimistic wait, of a preemption event scheduled the process away, we simply re-synchronize, and start over. So the code now looks like this: repeat: /* Unlocked, optimistic looping! */ rq = task_rq(p); while (task_running(rq, p)) cpu_relax(); /* Get the *real* values */ rq = task_rq_lock(p, &flags); running = task_running(rq, p); array = p->array; task_rq_unlock(rq, &flags); /* Check them.. */ if (unlikely(running)) { cpu_relax(); goto repeat; } /* Preempted away? Yield if so.. */ if (unlikely(array)) { yield(); goto repeat; } Basically, that first "while()" loop is done entirely without any locking at all (and doesn't check for the case where the target process might have been preempted away), and so it's possibly "incorrect", but we don't really care. Both the runqueue used, and the "task_running()" check might be the wrong tests, but they won't oops - they just mean that we could possibly get the wrong results due to lack of locking and exit the loop early in the case of a race condition. So once we've exited the loop, we then get the proper (and careful) rq lock, and check the running/runnable state _safely_. And if it turns out that our quick-and-dirty and unsafe loop was wrong after all, we just go back and try it all again. (The patch also adds a lot of comments, which is the actual bulk of it all, to make it more obvious why we can do these things without holding the locks). Thanks to Miklos for all the testing and tracking it down. Tested-by: Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-06-19 00:34:40 +08:00
/*
* Was it really running after all now that we
* checked with the proper locks actually held?
*
* Oops. Go back and try again..
*/
if (unlikely(running)) {
cpu_relax();
continue;
}
Fix possible runqueue lock starvation in wait_task_inactive() Miklos Szeredi reported very long pauses (several seconds, sometimes more) on his T60 (with a Core2Duo) which he managed to track down to wait_task_inactive()'s open-coded busy-loop. He observed that an interrupt on one core tries to acquire the runqueue-lock but does not succeed in doing so for a very long time - while wait_task_inactive() on the other core loops waiting for the first core to deschedule a task (which it wont do while spinning in an interrupt handler). This rewrites wait_task_inactive() to do all its waiting optimistically without any locks taken at all, and then just double-check the end result with the proper runqueue lock held over just a very short section. If there were races in the optimistic wait, of a preemption event scheduled the process away, we simply re-synchronize, and start over. So the code now looks like this: repeat: /* Unlocked, optimistic looping! */ rq = task_rq(p); while (task_running(rq, p)) cpu_relax(); /* Get the *real* values */ rq = task_rq_lock(p, &flags); running = task_running(rq, p); array = p->array; task_rq_unlock(rq, &flags); /* Check them.. */ if (unlikely(running)) { cpu_relax(); goto repeat; } /* Preempted away? Yield if so.. */ if (unlikely(array)) { yield(); goto repeat; } Basically, that first "while()" loop is done entirely without any locking at all (and doesn't check for the case where the target process might have been preempted away), and so it's possibly "incorrect", but we don't really care. Both the runqueue used, and the "task_running()" check might be the wrong tests, but they won't oops - they just mean that we could possibly get the wrong results due to lack of locking and exit the loop early in the case of a race condition. So once we've exited the loop, we then get the proper (and careful) rq lock, and check the running/runnable state _safely_. And if it turns out that our quick-and-dirty and unsafe loop was wrong after all, we just go back and try it all again. (The patch also adds a lot of comments, which is the actual bulk of it all, to make it more obvious why we can do these things without holding the locks). Thanks to Miklos for all the testing and tracking it down. Tested-by: Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-06-19 00:34:40 +08:00
/*
* It's not enough that it's not actively running,
* it must be off the runqueue _entirely_, and not
* preempted!
*
* So if it wa still runnable (but just not actively
* running right now), it's preempted, and we should
* yield - it could be a while.
*/
if (unlikely(on_rq)) {
schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
continue;
}
Fix possible runqueue lock starvation in wait_task_inactive() Miklos Szeredi reported very long pauses (several seconds, sometimes more) on his T60 (with a Core2Duo) which he managed to track down to wait_task_inactive()'s open-coded busy-loop. He observed that an interrupt on one core tries to acquire the runqueue-lock but does not succeed in doing so for a very long time - while wait_task_inactive() on the other core loops waiting for the first core to deschedule a task (which it wont do while spinning in an interrupt handler). This rewrites wait_task_inactive() to do all its waiting optimistically without any locks taken at all, and then just double-check the end result with the proper runqueue lock held over just a very short section. If there were races in the optimistic wait, of a preemption event scheduled the process away, we simply re-synchronize, and start over. So the code now looks like this: repeat: /* Unlocked, optimistic looping! */ rq = task_rq(p); while (task_running(rq, p)) cpu_relax(); /* Get the *real* values */ rq = task_rq_lock(p, &flags); running = task_running(rq, p); array = p->array; task_rq_unlock(rq, &flags); /* Check them.. */ if (unlikely(running)) { cpu_relax(); goto repeat; } /* Preempted away? Yield if so.. */ if (unlikely(array)) { yield(); goto repeat; } Basically, that first "while()" loop is done entirely without any locking at all (and doesn't check for the case where the target process might have been preempted away), and so it's possibly "incorrect", but we don't really care. Both the runqueue used, and the "task_running()" check might be the wrong tests, but they won't oops - they just mean that we could possibly get the wrong results due to lack of locking and exit the loop early in the case of a race condition. So once we've exited the loop, we then get the proper (and careful) rq lock, and check the running/runnable state _safely_. And if it turns out that our quick-and-dirty and unsafe loop was wrong after all, we just go back and try it all again. (The patch also adds a lot of comments, which is the actual bulk of it all, to make it more obvious why we can do these things without holding the locks). Thanks to Miklos for all the testing and tracking it down. Tested-by: Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-06-19 00:34:40 +08:00
/*
* Ahh, all good. It wasn't running, and it wasn't
* runnable, which means that it will never become
* running in the future either. We're all done!
*/
break;
}
}
/***
* kick_process - kick a running thread to enter/exit the kernel
* @p: the to-be-kicked thread
*
* Cause a process which is running on another CPU to enter
* kernel-mode, without any delay. (to get signals handled.)
*
* NOTE: this function doesnt have to take the runqueue lock,
* because all it wants to ensure is that the remote task enters
* the kernel. If the IPI races and the task has been migrated
* to another CPU then no harm is done and the purpose has been
* achieved as well.
*/
void kick_process(struct task_struct *p)
{
int cpu;
preempt_disable();
cpu = task_cpu(p);
if ((cpu != smp_processor_id()) && task_curr(p))
smp_send_reschedule(cpu);
preempt_enable();
}
/*
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
* Return a low guess at the load of a migration-source cpu weighted
* according to the scheduling class and "nice" value.
*
* We want to under-estimate the load of migration sources, to
* balance conservatively.
*/
static unsigned long source_load(int cpu, int type)
{
struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
unsigned long total = weighted_cpuload(cpu);
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
if (type == 0 || !sched_feat(LB_BIAS))
return total;
return min(rq->cpu_load[type-1], total);
}
/*
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
* Return a high guess at the load of a migration-target cpu weighted
* according to the scheduling class and "nice" value.
*/
static unsigned long target_load(int cpu, int type)
{
struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
unsigned long total = weighted_cpuload(cpu);
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
if (type == 0 || !sched_feat(LB_BIAS))
return total;
return max(rq->cpu_load[type-1], total);
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
}
/*
* find_idlest_group finds and returns the least busy CPU group within the
* domain.
*/
static struct sched_group *
find_idlest_group(struct sched_domain *sd, struct task_struct *p, int this_cpu)
{
struct sched_group *idlest = NULL, *this = NULL, *group = sd->groups;
unsigned long min_load = ULONG_MAX, this_load = 0;
int load_idx = sd->forkexec_idx;
int imbalance = 100 + (sd->imbalance_pct-100)/2;
do {
unsigned long load, avg_load;
int local_group;
int i;
/* Skip over this group if it has no CPUs allowed */
if (!cpus_intersects(group->cpumask, p->cpus_allowed))
continue;
local_group = cpu_isset(this_cpu, group->cpumask);
/* Tally up the load of all CPUs in the group */
avg_load = 0;
for_each_cpu_mask(i, group->cpumask) {
/* Bias balancing toward cpus of our domain */
if (local_group)
load = source_load(i, load_idx);
else
load = target_load(i, load_idx);
avg_load += load;
}
/* Adjust by relative CPU power of the group */
Speed up divides by cpu_power in scheduler I noticed expensive divides done in try_to_wakeup() and find_busiest_group() on a bi dual core Opteron machine (total of 4 cores), moderatly loaded (15.000 context switch per second) oprofile numbers : CPU: AMD64 processors, speed 2600.05 MHz (estimated) Counted CPU_CLK_UNHALTED events (Cycles outside of halt state) with a unit mask of 0x00 (No unit mask) count 50000 samples % symbol name ... 613914 1.0498 try_to_wake_up 834 0.0013 :ffffffff80227ae1: div %rcx 77513 0.1191 :ffffffff80227ae4: mov %rax,%r11 608893 1.0413 find_busiest_group 1841 0.0031 :ffffffff802260bf: div %rdi 140109 0.2394 :ffffffff802260c2: test %sil,%sil Some of these divides can use the reciprocal divides we introduced some time ago (currently used in slab AFAIK) We can assume a load will fit in a 32bits number, because with a SCHED_LOAD_SCALE=128 value, its still a theorical limit of 33554432 When/if we reach this limit one day, probably cpus will have a fast hardware divide and we can zap the reciprocal divide trick. Ingo suggested to rename cpu_power to __cpu_power to make clear it should not be modified without changing its reciprocal value too. I did not convert the divide in cpu_avg_load_per_task(), because tracking nr_running changes may be not worth it ? We could use a static table of 32 reciprocal values but it would add a conditional branch and table lookup. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: !SMP build fix] Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-08 15:32:57 +08:00
avg_load = sg_div_cpu_power(group,
avg_load * SCHED_LOAD_SCALE);
if (local_group) {
this_load = avg_load;
this = group;
} else if (avg_load < min_load) {
min_load = avg_load;
idlest = group;
}
} while (group = group->next, group != sd->groups);
if (!idlest || 100*this_load < imbalance*min_load)
return NULL;
return idlest;
}
/*
* find_idlest_cpu - find the idlest cpu among the cpus in group.
*/
static int
find_idlest_cpu(struct sched_group *group, struct task_struct *p, int this_cpu,
cpumask_t *tmp)
{
unsigned long load, min_load = ULONG_MAX;
int idlest = -1;
int i;
/* Traverse only the allowed CPUs */
cpus_and(*tmp, group->cpumask, p->cpus_allowed);
for_each_cpu_mask(i, *tmp) {
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
load = weighted_cpuload(i);
if (load < min_load || (load == min_load && i == this_cpu)) {
min_load = load;
idlest = i;
}
}
return idlest;
}
/*
* sched_balance_self: balance the current task (running on cpu) in domains
* that have the 'flag' flag set. In practice, this is SD_BALANCE_FORK and
* SD_BALANCE_EXEC.
*
* Balance, ie. select the least loaded group.
*
* Returns the target CPU number, or the same CPU if no balancing is needed.
*
* preempt must be disabled.
*/
static int sched_balance_self(int cpu, int flag)
{
struct task_struct *t = current;
struct sched_domain *tmp, *sd = NULL;
for_each_domain(cpu, tmp) {
/*
* If power savings logic is enabled for a domain, stop there.
*/
if (tmp->flags & SD_POWERSAVINGS_BALANCE)
break;
if (tmp->flags & flag)
sd = tmp;
}
if (sd)
update_shares(sd);
while (sd) {
cpumask_t span, tmpmask;
struct sched_group *group;
int new_cpu, weight;
if (!(sd->flags & flag)) {
sd = sd->child;
continue;
}
span = sd->span;
group = find_idlest_group(sd, t, cpu);
if (!group) {
sd = sd->child;
continue;
}
new_cpu = find_idlest_cpu(group, t, cpu, &tmpmask);
if (new_cpu == -1 || new_cpu == cpu) {
/* Now try balancing at a lower domain level of cpu */
sd = sd->child;
continue;
}
/* Now try balancing at a lower domain level of new_cpu */
cpu = new_cpu;
sd = NULL;
weight = cpus_weight(span);
for_each_domain(cpu, tmp) {
if (weight <= cpus_weight(tmp->span))
break;
if (tmp->flags & flag)
sd = tmp;
}
/* while loop will break here if sd == NULL */
}
return cpu;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
/***
* try_to_wake_up - wake up a thread
* @p: the to-be-woken-up thread
* @state: the mask of task states that can be woken
* @sync: do a synchronous wakeup?
*
* Put it on the run-queue if it's not already there. The "current"
* thread is always on the run-queue (except when the actual
* re-schedule is in progress), and as such you're allowed to do
* the simpler "current->state = TASK_RUNNING" to mark yourself
* runnable without the overhead of this.
*
* returns failure only if the task is already active.
*/
static int try_to_wake_up(struct task_struct *p, unsigned int state, int sync)
{
int cpu, orig_cpu, this_cpu, success = 0;
unsigned long flags;
long old_state;
struct rq *rq;
if (!sched_feat(SYNC_WAKEUPS))
sync = 0;
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
if (sched_feat(LB_WAKEUP_UPDATE)) {
struct sched_domain *sd;
this_cpu = raw_smp_processor_id();
cpu = task_cpu(p);
for_each_domain(this_cpu, sd) {
if (cpu_isset(cpu, sd->span)) {
update_shares(sd);
break;
}
}
}
#endif
Add memory barrier semantics to wake_up() & co Oleg Nesterov and others have pointed out that on some architectures, the traditional sequence of set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE); if (CONDITION) return; schedule(); is racy wrt another CPU doing CONDITION = 1; wake_up_process(p); because while set_current_state() has a memory barrier separating setting of the TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE state from reading of the CONDITION variable, there is no such memory barrier on the wakeup side. Now, wake_up_process() does actually take a spinlock before it reads and sets the task state on the waking side, and on x86 (and many other architectures) that spinlock is in fact equivalent to a memory barrier, but that is not generally guaranteed. The write that sets CONDITION could move into the critical region protected by the runqueue spinlock. However, adding a smp_wmb() to before the spinlock should now order the writing of CONDITION wrt the lock itself, which in turn is ordered wrt the accesses within the spinlock (which includes the reading of the old state). This should thus close the race (which probably has never been seen in practice, but since smp_wmb() is a no-op on x86, it's not like this will make anything worse either on the most common architecture where the spinlock already gave the required protection). Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru> Acked-by: Dmitry Adamushko <dmitry.adamushko@gmail.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-24 10:05:03 +08:00
smp_wmb();
rq = task_rq_lock(p, &flags);
old_state = p->state;
if (!(old_state & state))
goto out;
if (p->se.on_rq)
goto out_running;
cpu = task_cpu(p);
orig_cpu = cpu;
this_cpu = smp_processor_id();
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
if (unlikely(task_running(rq, p)))
goto out_activate;
cpu = p->sched_class->select_task_rq(p, sync);
if (cpu != orig_cpu) {
set_task_cpu(p, cpu);
task_rq_unlock(rq, &flags);
/* might preempt at this point */
rq = task_rq_lock(p, &flags);
old_state = p->state;
if (!(old_state & state))
goto out;
if (p->se.on_rq)
goto out_running;
this_cpu = smp_processor_id();
cpu = task_cpu(p);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
schedstat_inc(rq, ttwu_count);
if (cpu == this_cpu)
schedstat_inc(rq, ttwu_local);
else {
struct sched_domain *sd;
for_each_domain(this_cpu, sd) {
if (cpu_isset(cpu, sd->span)) {
schedstat_inc(sd, ttwu_wake_remote);
break;
}
}
}
#endif /* CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS */
out_activate:
#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
schedstat_inc(p, se.nr_wakeups);
if (sync)
schedstat_inc(p, se.nr_wakeups_sync);
if (orig_cpu != cpu)
schedstat_inc(p, se.nr_wakeups_migrate);
if (cpu == this_cpu)
schedstat_inc(p, se.nr_wakeups_local);
else
schedstat_inc(p, se.nr_wakeups_remote);
update_rq_clock(rq);
activate_task(rq, p, 1);
success = 1;
out_running:
check_preempt_curr(rq, p);
p->state = TASK_RUNNING;
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
if (p->sched_class->task_wake_up)
p->sched_class->task_wake_up(rq, p);
#endif
out:
current->se.last_wakeup = current->se.sum_exec_runtime;
task_rq_unlock(rq, &flags);
return success;
}
int wake_up_process(struct task_struct *p)
{
return try_to_wake_up(p, TASK_ALL, 0);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(wake_up_process);
int wake_up_state(struct task_struct *p, unsigned int state)
{
return try_to_wake_up(p, state, 0);
}
/*
* Perform scheduler related setup for a newly forked process p.
* p is forked by current.
*
* __sched_fork() is basic setup used by init_idle() too:
*/
static void __sched_fork(struct task_struct *p)
{
p->se.exec_start = 0;
p->se.sum_exec_runtime = 0;
sched: make the scheduler converge to the ideal latency de-HZ-ification of the granularity defaults unearthed a pre-existing property of CFS: while it correctly converges to the granularity goal, it does not prevent run-time fluctuations in the range of [-gran ... 0 ... +gran]. With the increase of the granularity due to the removal of HZ dependencies, this becomes visible in chew-max output (with 5 tasks running): out: 28 . 27. 32 | flu: 0 . 0 | ran: 9 . 13 | per: 37 . 40 out: 27 . 27. 32 | flu: 0 . 0 | ran: 17 . 13 | per: 44 . 40 out: 27 . 27. 32 | flu: 0 . 0 | ran: 9 . 13 | per: 36 . 40 out: 29 . 27. 32 | flu: 2 . 0 | ran: 17 . 13 | per: 46 . 40 out: 28 . 27. 32 | flu: 0 . 0 | ran: 9 . 13 | per: 37 . 40 out: 29 . 27. 32 | flu: 0 . 0 | ran: 18 . 13 | per: 47 . 40 out: 28 . 27. 32 | flu: 0 . 0 | ran: 9 . 13 | per: 37 . 40 average slice is the ideal 13 msecs and the period is picture-perfect 40 msecs. But the 'ran' field fluctuates around 13.33 msecs and there's no mechanism in CFS to keep that from happening: it's a perfectly valid solution that CFS finds. to fix this we add a granularity/preemption rule that knows about the "target latency", which makes tasks that run longer than the ideal latency run a bit less. The simplest approach is to simply decrease the preemption granularity when a task overruns its ideal latency. For this we have to track how much the task executed since its last preemption. ( this adds a new field to task_struct, but we can eliminate that overhead in 2.6.24 by putting all the scheduler timestamps into an anonymous union. ) with this change in place, chew-max output is fluctuation-less all around: out: 28 . 27. 39 | flu: 0 . 2 | ran: 13 . 13 | per: 41 . 40 out: 28 . 27. 39 | flu: 0 . 2 | ran: 13 . 13 | per: 41 . 40 out: 28 . 27. 39 | flu: 0 . 2 | ran: 13 . 13 | per: 41 . 40 out: 28 . 27. 39 | flu: 0 . 2 | ran: 13 . 13 | per: 41 . 40 out: 28 . 27. 39 | flu: 0 . 1 | ran: 13 . 13 | per: 41 . 40 out: 28 . 27. 39 | flu: 0 . 1 | ran: 13 . 13 | per: 41 . 40 this patch has no impact on any fastpath or on any globally observable scheduling property. (unless you have sharp enough eyes to see millisecond-level ruckles in glxgears smoothness :-) Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
2007-08-28 18:53:24 +08:00
p->se.prev_sum_exec_runtime = 0;
p->se.last_wakeup = 0;
p->se.avg_overlap = 0;
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
p->se.wait_start = 0;
p->se.sum_sleep_runtime = 0;
p->se.sleep_start = 0;
p->se.block_start = 0;
p->se.sleep_max = 0;
p->se.block_max = 0;
p->se.exec_max = 0;
p->se.slice_max = 0;
p->se.wait_max = 0;
#endif
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->rt.run_list);
p->se.on_rq = 0;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->se.group_node);
#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_NOTIFIERS
INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&p->preempt_notifiers);
#endif
/*
* We mark the process as running here, but have not actually
* inserted it onto the runqueue yet. This guarantees that
* nobody will actually run it, and a signal or other external
* event cannot wake it up and insert it on the runqueue either.
*/
p->state = TASK_RUNNING;
}
/*
* fork()/clone()-time setup:
*/
void sched_fork(struct task_struct *p, int clone_flags)
{
int cpu = get_cpu();
__sched_fork(p);
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
cpu = sched_balance_self(cpu, SD_BALANCE_FORK);
#endif
set_task_cpu(p, cpu);
/*
* Make sure we do not leak PI boosting priority to the child:
*/
p->prio = current->normal_prio;
if (!rt_prio(p->prio))
p->sched_class = &fair_sched_class;
#if defined(CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS) || defined(CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT)
if (likely(sched_info_on()))
memset(&p->sched_info, 0, sizeof(p->sched_info));
#endif
[PATCH] sched: revert "filter affine wakeups" Revert commit d7102e95b7b9c00277562c29aad421d2d521c5f6: [PATCH] sched: filter affine wakeups Apparently caused more than 10% performance regression for aim7 benchmark. The setup in use is 16-cpu HP rx8620, 64Gb of memory and 12 MSA1000s with 144 disks. Each disk is 72Gb with a single ext3 filesystem (courtesy of HP, who supplied benchmark results). The problem is, for aim7, the wake-up pattern is random, but it still needs load balancing action in the wake-up path to achieve best performance. With the above commit, lack of load balancing hurts that workload. However, for workloads like database transaction processing, the requirement is exactly opposite. In the wake up path, best performance is achieved with absolutely zero load balancing. We simply wake up the process on the CPU that it was previously run. Worst performance is obtained when we do load balancing at wake up. There isn't an easy way to auto detect the workload characteristics. Ingo's earlier patch that detects idle CPU and decide whether to load balance or not doesn't perform with aim7 either since all CPUs are busy (it causes even bigger perf. regression). Revert commit d7102e95b7b9c00277562c29aad421d2d521c5f6, which causes more than 10% performance regression with aim7. Signed-off-by: Ken Chen <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-02-15 05:53:10 +08:00
#if defined(CONFIG_SMP) && defined(__ARCH_WANT_UNLOCKED_CTXSW)
p->oncpu = 0;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT
/* Want to start with kernel preemption disabled. */
task_thread_info(p)->preempt_count = 1;
#endif
put_cpu();
}
/*
* wake_up_new_task - wake up a newly created task for the first time.
*
* This function will do some initial scheduler statistics housekeeping
* that must be done for every newly created context, then puts the task
* on the runqueue and wakes it.
*/
void wake_up_new_task(struct task_struct *p, unsigned long clone_flags)
{
unsigned long flags;
struct rq *rq;
rq = task_rq_lock(p, &flags);
BUG_ON(p->state != TASK_RUNNING);
update_rq_clock(rq);
p->prio = effective_prio(p);
if (!p->sched_class->task_new || !current->se.on_rq) {
activate_task(rq, p, 0);
} else {
/*
* Let the scheduling class do new task startup
* management (if any):
*/
p->sched_class->task_new(rq, p);
inc_nr_running(rq);
}
check_preempt_curr(rq, p);
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
if (p->sched_class->task_wake_up)
p->sched_class->task_wake_up(rq, p);
#endif
task_rq_unlock(rq, &flags);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_NOTIFIERS
/**
* preempt_notifier_register - tell me when current is being being preempted & rescheduled
* @notifier: notifier struct to register
*/
void preempt_notifier_register(struct preempt_notifier *notifier)
{
hlist_add_head(&notifier->link, &current->preempt_notifiers);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(preempt_notifier_register);
/**
* preempt_notifier_unregister - no longer interested in preemption notifications
* @notifier: notifier struct to unregister
*
* This is safe to call from within a preemption notifier.
*/
void preempt_notifier_unregister(struct preempt_notifier *notifier)
{
hlist_del(&notifier->link);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(preempt_notifier_unregister);
static void fire_sched_in_preempt_notifiers(struct task_struct *curr)
{
struct preempt_notifier *notifier;
struct hlist_node *node;
hlist_for_each_entry(notifier, node, &curr->preempt_notifiers, link)
notifier->ops->sched_in(notifier, raw_smp_processor_id());
}
static void
fire_sched_out_preempt_notifiers(struct task_struct *curr,
struct task_struct *next)
{
struct preempt_notifier *notifier;
struct hlist_node *node;
hlist_for_each_entry(notifier, node, &curr->preempt_notifiers, link)
notifier->ops->sched_out(notifier, next);
}
#else /* !CONFIG_PREEMPT_NOTIFIERS */
static void fire_sched_in_preempt_notifiers(struct task_struct *curr)
{
}
static void
fire_sched_out_preempt_notifiers(struct task_struct *curr,
struct task_struct *next)
{
}
#endif /* CONFIG_PREEMPT_NOTIFIERS */
/**
* prepare_task_switch - prepare to switch tasks
* @rq: the runqueue preparing to switch
* @prev: the current task that is being switched out
* @next: the task we are going to switch to.
*
* This is called with the rq lock held and interrupts off. It must
* be paired with a subsequent finish_task_switch after the context
* switch.
*
* prepare_task_switch sets up locking and calls architecture specific
* hooks.
*/
static inline void
prepare_task_switch(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *prev,
struct task_struct *next)
{
fire_sched_out_preempt_notifiers(prev, next);
prepare_lock_switch(rq, next);
prepare_arch_switch(next);
}
/**
* finish_task_switch - clean up after a task-switch
* @rq: runqueue associated with task-switch
* @prev: the thread we just switched away from.
*
* finish_task_switch must be called after the context switch, paired
* with a prepare_task_switch call before the context switch.
* finish_task_switch will reconcile locking set up by prepare_task_switch,
* and do any other architecture-specific cleanup actions.
*
* Note that we may have delayed dropping an mm in context_switch(). If
* so, we finish that here outside of the runqueue lock. (Doing it
* with the lock held can cause deadlocks; see schedule() for
* details.)
*/
static void finish_task_switch(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *prev)
__releases(rq->lock)
{
struct mm_struct *mm = rq->prev_mm;
long prev_state;
rq->prev_mm = NULL;
/*
* A task struct has one reference for the use as "current".
* If a task dies, then it sets TASK_DEAD in tsk->state and calls
* schedule one last time. The schedule call will never return, and
* the scheduled task must drop that reference.
* The test for TASK_DEAD must occur while the runqueue locks are
* still held, otherwise prev could be scheduled on another cpu, die
* there before we look at prev->state, and then the reference would
* be dropped twice.
* Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
*/
prev_state = prev->state;
finish_arch_switch(prev);
finish_lock_switch(rq, prev);
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
if (current->sched_class->post_schedule)
current->sched_class->post_schedule(rq);
#endif
fire_sched_in_preempt_notifiers(current);
if (mm)
mmdrop(mm);
if (unlikely(prev_state == TASK_DEAD)) {
/*
* Remove function-return probe instances associated with this
* task and put them back on the free list.
*/
kprobe_flush_task(prev);
put_task_struct(prev);
}
}
/**
* schedule_tail - first thing a freshly forked thread must call.
* @prev: the thread we just switched away from.
*/
asmlinkage void schedule_tail(struct task_struct *prev)
__releases(rq->lock)
{
struct rq *rq = this_rq();
finish_task_switch(rq, prev);
#ifdef __ARCH_WANT_UNLOCKED_CTXSW
/* In this case, finish_task_switch does not reenable preemption */
preempt_enable();
#endif
if (current->set_child_tid)
put_user(task_pid_vnr(current), current->set_child_tid);
}
/*
* context_switch - switch to the new MM and the new
* thread's register state.
*/
static inline void
context_switch(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *prev,
struct task_struct *next)
{
struct mm_struct *mm, *oldmm;
prepare_task_switch(rq, prev, next);
mm = next->mm;
oldmm = prev->active_mm;
/*
* For paravirt, this is coupled with an exit in switch_to to
* combine the page table reload and the switch backend into
* one hypercall.
*/
arch_enter_lazy_cpu_mode();
if (unlikely(!mm)) {
next->active_mm = oldmm;
atomic_inc(&oldmm->mm_count);
enter_lazy_tlb(oldmm, next);
} else
switch_mm(oldmm, mm, next);
if (unlikely(!prev->mm)) {
prev->active_mm = NULL;
rq->prev_mm = oldmm;
}
/*
* Since the runqueue lock will be released by the next
* task (which is an invalid locking op but in the case
* of the scheduler it's an obvious special-case), so we
* do an early lockdep release here:
*/
#ifndef __ARCH_WANT_UNLOCKED_CTXSW
spin_release(&rq->lock.dep_map, 1, _THIS_IP_);
#endif
/* Here we just switch the register state and the stack. */
switch_to(prev, next, prev);
barrier();
/*
* this_rq must be evaluated again because prev may have moved
* CPUs since it called schedule(), thus the 'rq' on its stack
* frame will be invalid.
*/
finish_task_switch(this_rq(), prev);
}
/*
* nr_running, nr_uninterruptible and nr_context_switches:
*
* externally visible scheduler statistics: current number of runnable
* threads, current number of uninterruptible-sleeping threads, total
* number of context switches performed since bootup.
*/
unsigned long nr_running(void)
{
unsigned long i, sum = 0;
for_each_online_cpu(i)
sum += cpu_rq(i)->nr_running;
return sum;
}
unsigned long nr_uninterruptible(void)
{
unsigned long i, sum = 0;
for_each_possible_cpu(i)
sum += cpu_rq(i)->nr_uninterruptible;
/*
* Since we read the counters lockless, it might be slightly
* inaccurate. Do not allow it to go below zero though:
*/
if (unlikely((long)sum < 0))
sum = 0;
return sum;
}
unsigned long long nr_context_switches(void)
{
int i;
unsigned long long sum = 0;
for_each_possible_cpu(i)
sum += cpu_rq(i)->nr_switches;
return sum;
}
unsigned long nr_iowait(void)
{
unsigned long i, sum = 0;
for_each_possible_cpu(i)
sum += atomic_read(&cpu_rq(i)->nr_iowait);
return sum;
}
unsigned long nr_active(void)
{
unsigned long i, running = 0, uninterruptible = 0;
for_each_online_cpu(i) {
running += cpu_rq(i)->nr_running;
uninterruptible += cpu_rq(i)->nr_uninterruptible;
}
if (unlikely((long)uninterruptible < 0))
uninterruptible = 0;
return running + uninterruptible;
}
/*
* Update rq->cpu_load[] statistics. This function is usually called every
* scheduler tick (TICK_NSEC).
*/
static void update_cpu_load(struct rq *this_rq)
{
unsigned long this_load = this_rq->load.weight;
int i, scale;
this_rq->nr_load_updates++;
/* Update our load: */
for (i = 0, scale = 1; i < CPU_LOAD_IDX_MAX; i++, scale += scale) {
unsigned long old_load, new_load;
/* scale is effectively 1 << i now, and >> i divides by scale */
old_load = this_rq->cpu_load[i];
new_load = this_load;
/*
* Round up the averaging division if load is increasing. This
* prevents us from getting stuck on 9 if the load is 10, for
* example.
*/
if (new_load > old_load)
new_load += scale-1;
this_rq->cpu_load[i] = (old_load*(scale-1) + new_load) >> i;
}
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
/*
* double_rq_lock - safely lock two runqueues
*
* Note this does not disable interrupts like task_rq_lock,
* you need to do so manually before calling.
*/
static void double_rq_lock(struct rq *rq1, struct rq *rq2)
__acquires(rq1->lock)
__acquires(rq2->lock)
{
BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
if (rq1 == rq2) {
spin_lock(&rq1->lock);
__acquire(rq2->lock); /* Fake it out ;) */
} else {
if (rq1 < rq2) {
spin_lock(&rq1->lock);
spin_lock(&rq2->lock);
} else {
spin_lock(&rq2->lock);
spin_lock(&rq1->lock);
}
}
update_rq_clock(rq1);
update_rq_clock(rq2);
}
/*
* double_rq_unlock - safely unlock two runqueues
*
* Note this does not restore interrupts like task_rq_unlock,
* you need to do so manually after calling.
*/
static void double_rq_unlock(struct rq *rq1, struct rq *rq2)
__releases(rq1->lock)
__releases(rq2->lock)
{
spin_unlock(&rq1->lock);
if (rq1 != rq2)
spin_unlock(&rq2->lock);
else
__release(rq2->lock);
}
/*
* double_lock_balance - lock the busiest runqueue, this_rq is locked already.
*/
static int double_lock_balance(struct rq *this_rq, struct rq *busiest)
__releases(this_rq->lock)
__acquires(busiest->lock)
__acquires(this_rq->lock)
{
int ret = 0;
if (unlikely(!irqs_disabled())) {
/* printk() doesn't work good under rq->lock */
spin_unlock(&this_rq->lock);
BUG_ON(1);
}
if (unlikely(!spin_trylock(&busiest->lock))) {
if (busiest < this_rq) {
spin_unlock(&this_rq->lock);
spin_lock(&busiest->lock);
spin_lock(&this_rq->lock);
ret = 1;
} else
spin_lock(&busiest->lock);
}
return ret;
}
/*
* If dest_cpu is allowed for this process, migrate the task to it.
* This is accomplished by forcing the cpu_allowed mask to only
* allow dest_cpu, which will force the cpu onto dest_cpu. Then
* the cpu_allowed mask is restored.
*/
static void sched_migrate_task(struct task_struct *p, int dest_cpu)
{
struct migration_req req;
unsigned long flags;
struct rq *rq;
rq = task_rq_lock(p, &flags);
if (!cpu_isset(dest_cpu, p->cpus_allowed)
|| unlikely(cpu_is_offline(dest_cpu)))
goto out;
/* force the process onto the specified CPU */
if (migrate_task(p, dest_cpu, &req)) {
/* Need to wait for migration thread (might exit: take ref). */
struct task_struct *mt = rq->migration_thread;
get_task_struct(mt);
task_rq_unlock(rq, &flags);
wake_up_process(mt);
put_task_struct(mt);
wait_for_completion(&req.done);
return;
}
out:
task_rq_unlock(rq, &flags);
}
/*
* sched_exec - execve() is a valuable balancing opportunity, because at
* this point the task has the smallest effective memory and cache footprint.
*/
void sched_exec(void)
{
int new_cpu, this_cpu = get_cpu();
new_cpu = sched_balance_self(this_cpu, SD_BALANCE_EXEC);
put_cpu();
if (new_cpu != this_cpu)
sched_migrate_task(current, new_cpu);
}
/*
* pull_task - move a task from a remote runqueue to the local runqueue.
* Both runqueues must be locked.
*/
static void pull_task(struct rq *src_rq, struct task_struct *p,
struct rq *this_rq, int this_cpu)
{
deactivate_task(src_rq, p, 0);
set_task_cpu(p, this_cpu);
activate_task(this_rq, p, 0);
/*
* Note that idle threads have a prio of MAX_PRIO, for this test
* to be always true for them.
*/
check_preempt_curr(this_rq, p);
}
/*
* can_migrate_task - may task p from runqueue rq be migrated to this_cpu?
*/
static
int can_migrate_task(struct task_struct *p, struct rq *rq, int this_cpu,
struct sched_domain *sd, enum cpu_idle_type idle,
int *all_pinned)
{
/*
* We do not migrate tasks that are:
* 1) running (obviously), or
* 2) cannot be migrated to this CPU due to cpus_allowed, or
* 3) are cache-hot on their current CPU.
*/
if (!cpu_isset(this_cpu, p->cpus_allowed)) {
schedstat_inc(p, se.nr_failed_migrations_affine);
return 0;
}
*all_pinned = 0;
if (task_running(rq, p)) {
schedstat_inc(p, se.nr_failed_migrations_running);
return 0;
}
/*
* Aggressive migration if:
* 1) task is cache cold, or
* 2) too many balance attempts have failed.
*/
if (!task_hot(p, rq->clock, sd) ||
sd->nr_balance_failed > sd->cache_nice_tries) {
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
if (task_hot(p, rq->clock, sd)) {
schedstat_inc(sd, lb_hot_gained[idle]);
schedstat_inc(p, se.nr_forced_migrations);
}
#endif
return 1;
}
if (task_hot(p, rq->clock, sd)) {
schedstat_inc(p, se.nr_failed_migrations_hot);
return 0;
}
return 1;
}
static unsigned long
balance_tasks(struct rq *this_rq, int this_cpu, struct rq *busiest,
unsigned long max_load_move, struct sched_domain *sd,
enum cpu_idle_type idle, int *all_pinned,
int *this_best_prio, struct rq_iterator *iterator)
{
int loops = 0, pulled = 0, pinned = 0;
struct task_struct *p;
long rem_load_move = max_load_move;
if (max_load_move == 0)
goto out;
pinned = 1;
/*
* Start the load-balancing iterator:
*/
p = iterator->start(iterator->arg);
next:
if (!p || loops++ > sysctl_sched_nr_migrate)
goto out;
if ((p->se.load.weight >> 1) > rem_load_move ||
!can_migrate_task(p, busiest, this_cpu, sd, idle, &pinned)) {
p = iterator->next(iterator->arg);
goto next;
}
pull_task(busiest, p, this_rq, this_cpu);
pulled++;
rem_load_move -= p->se.load.weight;
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
/*
* We only want to steal up to the prescribed amount of weighted load.
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
*/
if (rem_load_move > 0) {
sched: fix bug in balance_tasks() There are two problems with balance_tasks() and how it used: 1. The variables best_prio and best_prio_seen (inherited from the old move_tasks()) were only required to handle problems caused by the active/expired arrays, the order in which they were processed and the possibility that the task with the highest priority could be on either. These issues are no longer present and the extra overhead associated with their use is unnecessary (and possibly wrong). 2. In the absence of CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED being set, the same this_best_prio variable needs to be used by all scheduling classes or there is a risk of moving too much load. E.g. if the highest priority task on this at the beginning is a fairly low priority task and the rt class migrates a task (during its turn) then that moved task becomes the new highest priority task on this_rq but when the sched_fair class initializes its copy of this_best_prio it will get the priority of the original highest priority task as, due to the run queue locks being held, the reschedule triggered by pull_task() will not have taken place. This could result in inappropriate overriding of skip_for_load and excessive load being moved. The attached patch addresses these problems by deleting all reference to best_prio and best_prio_seen and making this_best_prio a reference parameter to the various functions involved. load_balance_fair() has also been modified so that this_best_prio is only reset (in the loop) if CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED is set. This should preserve the effect of helping spread groups' higher priority tasks around the available CPUs while improving system performance when CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED isn't set. Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-08-09 17:16:46 +08:00
if (p->prio < *this_best_prio)
*this_best_prio = p->prio;
p = iterator->next(iterator->arg);
goto next;
}
out:
/*
* Right now, this is one of only two places pull_task() is called,
* so we can safely collect pull_task() stats here rather than
* inside pull_task().
*/
schedstat_add(sd, lb_gained[idle], pulled);
if (all_pinned)
*all_pinned = pinned;
return max_load_move - rem_load_move;
}
/*
sched: simplify move_tasks() The move_tasks() function is currently multiplexed with two distinct capabilities: 1. attempt to move a specified amount of weighted load from one run queue to another; and 2. attempt to move a specified number of tasks from one run queue to another. The first of these capabilities is used in two places, load_balance() and load_balance_idle(), and in both of these cases the return value of move_tasks() is used purely to decide if tasks/load were moved and no notice of the actual number of tasks moved is taken. The second capability is used in exactly one place, active_load_balance(), to attempt to move exactly one task and, as before, the return value is only used as an indicator of success or failure. This multiplexing of sched_task() was introduced, by me, as part of the smpnice patches and was motivated by the fact that the alternative, one function to move specified load and one to move a single task, would have led to two functions of roughly the same complexity as the old move_tasks() (or the new balance_tasks()). However, the new modular design of the new CFS scheduler allows a simpler solution to be adopted and this patch addresses that solution by: 1. adding a new function, move_one_task(), to be used by active_load_balance(); and 2. making move_tasks() a single purpose function that tries to move a specified weighted load and returns 1 for success and 0 for failure. One of the consequences of these changes is that neither move_one_task() or the new move_tasks() care how many tasks sched_class.load_balance() moves and this enables its interface to be simplified by returning the amount of load moved as its result and removing the load_moved pointer from the argument list. This helps simplify the new move_tasks() and slightly reduces the amount of work done in each of sched_class.load_balance()'s implementations. Further simplification, e.g. changes to balance_tasks(), are possible but (slightly) complicated by the special needs of load_balance_fair() so I've left them to a later patch (if this one gets accepted). NB Since move_tasks() gets called with two run queue locks held even small reductions in overhead are worthwhile. [ mingo@elte.hu ] this change also reduces code size nicely: text data bss dec hex filename 39216 3618 24 42858 a76a sched.o.before 39173 3618 24 42815 a73f sched.o.after Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-08-09 17:16:46 +08:00
* move_tasks tries to move up to max_load_move weighted load from busiest to
* this_rq, as part of a balancing operation within domain "sd".
* Returns 1 if successful and 0 otherwise.
*
* Called with both runqueues locked.
*/
static int move_tasks(struct rq *this_rq, int this_cpu, struct rq *busiest,
sched: simplify move_tasks() The move_tasks() function is currently multiplexed with two distinct capabilities: 1. attempt to move a specified amount of weighted load from one run queue to another; and 2. attempt to move a specified number of tasks from one run queue to another. The first of these capabilities is used in two places, load_balance() and load_balance_idle(), and in both of these cases the return value of move_tasks() is used purely to decide if tasks/load were moved and no notice of the actual number of tasks moved is taken. The second capability is used in exactly one place, active_load_balance(), to attempt to move exactly one task and, as before, the return value is only used as an indicator of success or failure. This multiplexing of sched_task() was introduced, by me, as part of the smpnice patches and was motivated by the fact that the alternative, one function to move specified load and one to move a single task, would have led to two functions of roughly the same complexity as the old move_tasks() (or the new balance_tasks()). However, the new modular design of the new CFS scheduler allows a simpler solution to be adopted and this patch addresses that solution by: 1. adding a new function, move_one_task(), to be used by active_load_balance(); and 2. making move_tasks() a single purpose function that tries to move a specified weighted load and returns 1 for success and 0 for failure. One of the consequences of these changes is that neither move_one_task() or the new move_tasks() care how many tasks sched_class.load_balance() moves and this enables its interface to be simplified by returning the amount of load moved as its result and removing the load_moved pointer from the argument list. This helps simplify the new move_tasks() and slightly reduces the amount of work done in each of sched_class.load_balance()'s implementations. Further simplification, e.g. changes to balance_tasks(), are possible but (slightly) complicated by the special needs of load_balance_fair() so I've left them to a later patch (if this one gets accepted). NB Since move_tasks() gets called with two run queue locks held even small reductions in overhead are worthwhile. [ mingo@elte.hu ] this change also reduces code size nicely: text data bss dec hex filename 39216 3618 24 42858 a76a sched.o.before 39173 3618 24 42815 a73f sched.o.after Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-08-09 17:16:46 +08:00
unsigned long max_load_move,
struct sched_domain *sd, enum cpu_idle_type idle,
int *all_pinned)
{
const struct sched_class *class = sched_class_highest;
sched: simplify move_tasks() The move_tasks() function is currently multiplexed with two distinct capabilities: 1. attempt to move a specified amount of weighted load from one run queue to another; and 2. attempt to move a specified number of tasks from one run queue to another. The first of these capabilities is used in two places, load_balance() and load_balance_idle(), and in both of these cases the return value of move_tasks() is used purely to decide if tasks/load were moved and no notice of the actual number of tasks moved is taken. The second capability is used in exactly one place, active_load_balance(), to attempt to move exactly one task and, as before, the return value is only used as an indicator of success or failure. This multiplexing of sched_task() was introduced, by me, as part of the smpnice patches and was motivated by the fact that the alternative, one function to move specified load and one to move a single task, would have led to two functions of roughly the same complexity as the old move_tasks() (or the new balance_tasks()). However, the new modular design of the new CFS scheduler allows a simpler solution to be adopted and this patch addresses that solution by: 1. adding a new function, move_one_task(), to be used by active_load_balance(); and 2. making move_tasks() a single purpose function that tries to move a specified weighted load and returns 1 for success and 0 for failure. One of the consequences of these changes is that neither move_one_task() or the new move_tasks() care how many tasks sched_class.load_balance() moves and this enables its interface to be simplified by returning the amount of load moved as its result and removing the load_moved pointer from the argument list. This helps simplify the new move_tasks() and slightly reduces the amount of work done in each of sched_class.load_balance()'s implementations. Further simplification, e.g. changes to balance_tasks(), are possible but (slightly) complicated by the special needs of load_balance_fair() so I've left them to a later patch (if this one gets accepted). NB Since move_tasks() gets called with two run queue locks held even small reductions in overhead are worthwhile. [ mingo@elte.hu ] this change also reduces code size nicely: text data bss dec hex filename 39216 3618 24 42858 a76a sched.o.before 39173 3618 24 42815 a73f sched.o.after Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-08-09 17:16:46 +08:00
unsigned long total_load_moved = 0;
sched: fix bug in balance_tasks() There are two problems with balance_tasks() and how it used: 1. The variables best_prio and best_prio_seen (inherited from the old move_tasks()) were only required to handle problems caused by the active/expired arrays, the order in which they were processed and the possibility that the task with the highest priority could be on either. These issues are no longer present and the extra overhead associated with their use is unnecessary (and possibly wrong). 2. In the absence of CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED being set, the same this_best_prio variable needs to be used by all scheduling classes or there is a risk of moving too much load. E.g. if the highest priority task on this at the beginning is a fairly low priority task and the rt class migrates a task (during its turn) then that moved task becomes the new highest priority task on this_rq but when the sched_fair class initializes its copy of this_best_prio it will get the priority of the original highest priority task as, due to the run queue locks being held, the reschedule triggered by pull_task() will not have taken place. This could result in inappropriate overriding of skip_for_load and excessive load being moved. The attached patch addresses these problems by deleting all reference to best_prio and best_prio_seen and making this_best_prio a reference parameter to the various functions involved. load_balance_fair() has also been modified so that this_best_prio is only reset (in the loop) if CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED is set. This should preserve the effect of helping spread groups' higher priority tasks around the available CPUs while improving system performance when CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED isn't set. Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-08-09 17:16:46 +08:00
int this_best_prio = this_rq->curr->prio;
do {
sched: simplify move_tasks() The move_tasks() function is currently multiplexed with two distinct capabilities: 1. attempt to move a specified amount of weighted load from one run queue to another; and 2. attempt to move a specified number of tasks from one run queue to another. The first of these capabilities is used in two places, load_balance() and load_balance_idle(), and in both of these cases the return value of move_tasks() is used purely to decide if tasks/load were moved and no notice of the actual number of tasks moved is taken. The second capability is used in exactly one place, active_load_balance(), to attempt to move exactly one task and, as before, the return value is only used as an indicator of success or failure. This multiplexing of sched_task() was introduced, by me, as part of the smpnice patches and was motivated by the fact that the alternative, one function to move specified load and one to move a single task, would have led to two functions of roughly the same complexity as the old move_tasks() (or the new balance_tasks()). However, the new modular design of the new CFS scheduler allows a simpler solution to be adopted and this patch addresses that solution by: 1. adding a new function, move_one_task(), to be used by active_load_balance(); and 2. making move_tasks() a single purpose function that tries to move a specified weighted load and returns 1 for success and 0 for failure. One of the consequences of these changes is that neither move_one_task() or the new move_tasks() care how many tasks sched_class.load_balance() moves and this enables its interface to be simplified by returning the amount of load moved as its result and removing the load_moved pointer from the argument list. This helps simplify the new move_tasks() and slightly reduces the amount of work done in each of sched_class.load_balance()'s implementations. Further simplification, e.g. changes to balance_tasks(), are possible but (slightly) complicated by the special needs of load_balance_fair() so I've left them to a later patch (if this one gets accepted). NB Since move_tasks() gets called with two run queue locks held even small reductions in overhead are worthwhile. [ mingo@elte.hu ] this change also reduces code size nicely: text data bss dec hex filename 39216 3618 24 42858 a76a sched.o.before 39173 3618 24 42815 a73f sched.o.after Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-08-09 17:16:46 +08:00
total_load_moved +=
class->load_balance(this_rq, this_cpu, busiest,
max_load_move - total_load_moved,
sched: fix bug in balance_tasks() There are two problems with balance_tasks() and how it used: 1. The variables best_prio and best_prio_seen (inherited from the old move_tasks()) were only required to handle problems caused by the active/expired arrays, the order in which they were processed and the possibility that the task with the highest priority could be on either. These issues are no longer present and the extra overhead associated with their use is unnecessary (and possibly wrong). 2. In the absence of CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED being set, the same this_best_prio variable needs to be used by all scheduling classes or there is a risk of moving too much load. E.g. if the highest priority task on this at the beginning is a fairly low priority task and the rt class migrates a task (during its turn) then that moved task becomes the new highest priority task on this_rq but when the sched_fair class initializes its copy of this_best_prio it will get the priority of the original highest priority task as, due to the run queue locks being held, the reschedule triggered by pull_task() will not have taken place. This could result in inappropriate overriding of skip_for_load and excessive load being moved. The attached patch addresses these problems by deleting all reference to best_prio and best_prio_seen and making this_best_prio a reference parameter to the various functions involved. load_balance_fair() has also been modified so that this_best_prio is only reset (in the loop) if CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED is set. This should preserve the effect of helping spread groups' higher priority tasks around the available CPUs while improving system performance when CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED isn't set. Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-08-09 17:16:46 +08:00
sd, idle, all_pinned, &this_best_prio);
class = class->next;
if (idle == CPU_NEWLY_IDLE && this_rq->nr_running)
break;
sched: simplify move_tasks() The move_tasks() function is currently multiplexed with two distinct capabilities: 1. attempt to move a specified amount of weighted load from one run queue to another; and 2. attempt to move a specified number of tasks from one run queue to another. The first of these capabilities is used in two places, load_balance() and load_balance_idle(), and in both of these cases the return value of move_tasks() is used purely to decide if tasks/load were moved and no notice of the actual number of tasks moved is taken. The second capability is used in exactly one place, active_load_balance(), to attempt to move exactly one task and, as before, the return value is only used as an indicator of success or failure. This multiplexing of sched_task() was introduced, by me, as part of the smpnice patches and was motivated by the fact that the alternative, one function to move specified load and one to move a single task, would have led to two functions of roughly the same complexity as the old move_tasks() (or the new balance_tasks()). However, the new modular design of the new CFS scheduler allows a simpler solution to be adopted and this patch addresses that solution by: 1. adding a new function, move_one_task(), to be used by active_load_balance(); and 2. making move_tasks() a single purpose function that tries to move a specified weighted load and returns 1 for success and 0 for failure. One of the consequences of these changes is that neither move_one_task() or the new move_tasks() care how many tasks sched_class.load_balance() moves and this enables its interface to be simplified by returning the amount of load moved as its result and removing the load_moved pointer from the argument list. This helps simplify the new move_tasks() and slightly reduces the amount of work done in each of sched_class.load_balance()'s implementations. Further simplification, e.g. changes to balance_tasks(), are possible but (slightly) complicated by the special needs of load_balance_fair() so I've left them to a later patch (if this one gets accepted). NB Since move_tasks() gets called with two run queue locks held even small reductions in overhead are worthwhile. [ mingo@elte.hu ] this change also reduces code size nicely: text data bss dec hex filename 39216 3618 24 42858 a76a sched.o.before 39173 3618 24 42815 a73f sched.o.after Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-08-09 17:16:46 +08:00
} while (class && max_load_move > total_load_moved);
sched: simplify move_tasks() The move_tasks() function is currently multiplexed with two distinct capabilities: 1. attempt to move a specified amount of weighted load from one run queue to another; and 2. attempt to move a specified number of tasks from one run queue to another. The first of these capabilities is used in two places, load_balance() and load_balance_idle(), and in both of these cases the return value of move_tasks() is used purely to decide if tasks/load were moved and no notice of the actual number of tasks moved is taken. The second capability is used in exactly one place, active_load_balance(), to attempt to move exactly one task and, as before, the return value is only used as an indicator of success or failure. This multiplexing of sched_task() was introduced, by me, as part of the smpnice patches and was motivated by the fact that the alternative, one function to move specified load and one to move a single task, would have led to two functions of roughly the same complexity as the old move_tasks() (or the new balance_tasks()). However, the new modular design of the new CFS scheduler allows a simpler solution to be adopted and this patch addresses that solution by: 1. adding a new function, move_one_task(), to be used by active_load_balance(); and 2. making move_tasks() a single purpose function that tries to move a specified weighted load and returns 1 for success and 0 for failure. One of the consequences of these changes is that neither move_one_task() or the new move_tasks() care how many tasks sched_class.load_balance() moves and this enables its interface to be simplified by returning the amount of load moved as its result and removing the load_moved pointer from the argument list. This helps simplify the new move_tasks() and slightly reduces the amount of work done in each of sched_class.load_balance()'s implementations. Further simplification, e.g. changes to balance_tasks(), are possible but (slightly) complicated by the special needs of load_balance_fair() so I've left them to a later patch (if this one gets accepted). NB Since move_tasks() gets called with two run queue locks held even small reductions in overhead are worthwhile. [ mingo@elte.hu ] this change also reduces code size nicely: text data bss dec hex filename 39216 3618 24 42858 a76a sched.o.before 39173 3618 24 42815 a73f sched.o.after Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-08-09 17:16:46 +08:00
return total_load_moved > 0;
}
static int
iter_move_one_task(struct rq *this_rq, int this_cpu, struct rq *busiest,
struct sched_domain *sd, enum cpu_idle_type idle,
struct rq_iterator *iterator)
{
struct task_struct *p = iterator->start(iterator->arg);
int pinned = 0;
while (p) {
if (can_migrate_task(p, busiest, this_cpu, sd, idle, &pinned)) {
pull_task(busiest, p, this_rq, this_cpu);
/*
* Right now, this is only the second place pull_task()
* is called, so we can safely collect pull_task()
* stats here rather than inside pull_task().
*/
schedstat_inc(sd, lb_gained[idle]);
return 1;
}
p = iterator->next(iterator->arg);
}
return 0;
}
sched: simplify move_tasks() The move_tasks() function is currently multiplexed with two distinct capabilities: 1. attempt to move a specified amount of weighted load from one run queue to another; and 2. attempt to move a specified number of tasks from one run queue to another. The first of these capabilities is used in two places, load_balance() and load_balance_idle(), and in both of these cases the return value of move_tasks() is used purely to decide if tasks/load were moved and no notice of the actual number of tasks moved is taken. The second capability is used in exactly one place, active_load_balance(), to attempt to move exactly one task and, as before, the return value is only used as an indicator of success or failure. This multiplexing of sched_task() was introduced, by me, as part of the smpnice patches and was motivated by the fact that the alternative, one function to move specified load and one to move a single task, would have led to two functions of roughly the same complexity as the old move_tasks() (or the new balance_tasks()). However, the new modular design of the new CFS scheduler allows a simpler solution to be adopted and this patch addresses that solution by: 1. adding a new function, move_one_task(), to be used by active_load_balance(); and 2. making move_tasks() a single purpose function that tries to move a specified weighted load and returns 1 for success and 0 for failure. One of the consequences of these changes is that neither move_one_task() or the new move_tasks() care how many tasks sched_class.load_balance() moves and this enables its interface to be simplified by returning the amount of load moved as its result and removing the load_moved pointer from the argument list. This helps simplify the new move_tasks() and slightly reduces the amount of work done in each of sched_class.load_balance()'s implementations. Further simplification, e.g. changes to balance_tasks(), are possible but (slightly) complicated by the special needs of load_balance_fair() so I've left them to a later patch (if this one gets accepted). NB Since move_tasks() gets called with two run queue locks held even small reductions in overhead are worthwhile. [ mingo@elte.hu ] this change also reduces code size nicely: text data bss dec hex filename 39216 3618 24 42858 a76a sched.o.before 39173 3618 24 42815 a73f sched.o.after Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-08-09 17:16:46 +08:00
/*
* move_one_task tries to move exactly one task from busiest to this_rq, as
* part of active balancing operations within "domain".
* Returns 1 if successful and 0 otherwise.
*
* Called with both runqueues locked.
*/
static int move_one_task(struct rq *this_rq, int this_cpu, struct rq *busiest,
struct sched_domain *sd, enum cpu_idle_type idle)
{
const struct sched_class *class;
sched: simplify move_tasks() The move_tasks() function is currently multiplexed with two distinct capabilities: 1. attempt to move a specified amount of weighted load from one run queue to another; and 2. attempt to move a specified number of tasks from one run queue to another. The first of these capabilities is used in two places, load_balance() and load_balance_idle(), and in both of these cases the return value of move_tasks() is used purely to decide if tasks/load were moved and no notice of the actual number of tasks moved is taken. The second capability is used in exactly one place, active_load_balance(), to attempt to move exactly one task and, as before, the return value is only used as an indicator of success or failure. This multiplexing of sched_task() was introduced, by me, as part of the smpnice patches and was motivated by the fact that the alternative, one function to move specified load and one to move a single task, would have led to two functions of roughly the same complexity as the old move_tasks() (or the new balance_tasks()). However, the new modular design of the new CFS scheduler allows a simpler solution to be adopted and this patch addresses that solution by: 1. adding a new function, move_one_task(), to be used by active_load_balance(); and 2. making move_tasks() a single purpose function that tries to move a specified weighted load and returns 1 for success and 0 for failure. One of the consequences of these changes is that neither move_one_task() or the new move_tasks() care how many tasks sched_class.load_balance() moves and this enables its interface to be simplified by returning the amount of load moved as its result and removing the load_moved pointer from the argument list. This helps simplify the new move_tasks() and slightly reduces the amount of work done in each of sched_class.load_balance()'s implementations. Further simplification, e.g. changes to balance_tasks(), are possible but (slightly) complicated by the special needs of load_balance_fair() so I've left them to a later patch (if this one gets accepted). NB Since move_tasks() gets called with two run queue locks held even small reductions in overhead are worthwhile. [ mingo@elte.hu ] this change also reduces code size nicely: text data bss dec hex filename 39216 3618 24 42858 a76a sched.o.before 39173 3618 24 42815 a73f sched.o.after Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-08-09 17:16:46 +08:00
for (class = sched_class_highest; class; class = class->next)
if (class->move_one_task(this_rq, this_cpu, busiest, sd, idle))
sched: simplify move_tasks() The move_tasks() function is currently multiplexed with two distinct capabilities: 1. attempt to move a specified amount of weighted load from one run queue to another; and 2. attempt to move a specified number of tasks from one run queue to another. The first of these capabilities is used in two places, load_balance() and load_balance_idle(), and in both of these cases the return value of move_tasks() is used purely to decide if tasks/load were moved and no notice of the actual number of tasks moved is taken. The second capability is used in exactly one place, active_load_balance(), to attempt to move exactly one task and, as before, the return value is only used as an indicator of success or failure. This multiplexing of sched_task() was introduced, by me, as part of the smpnice patches and was motivated by the fact that the alternative, one function to move specified load and one to move a single task, would have led to two functions of roughly the same complexity as the old move_tasks() (or the new balance_tasks()). However, the new modular design of the new CFS scheduler allows a simpler solution to be adopted and this patch addresses that solution by: 1. adding a new function, move_one_task(), to be used by active_load_balance(); and 2. making move_tasks() a single purpose function that tries to move a specified weighted load and returns 1 for success and 0 for failure. One of the consequences of these changes is that neither move_one_task() or the new move_tasks() care how many tasks sched_class.load_balance() moves and this enables its interface to be simplified by returning the amount of load moved as its result and removing the load_moved pointer from the argument list. This helps simplify the new move_tasks() and slightly reduces the amount of work done in each of sched_class.load_balance()'s implementations. Further simplification, e.g. changes to balance_tasks(), are possible but (slightly) complicated by the special needs of load_balance_fair() so I've left them to a later patch (if this one gets accepted). NB Since move_tasks() gets called with two run queue locks held even small reductions in overhead are worthwhile. [ mingo@elte.hu ] this change also reduces code size nicely: text data bss dec hex filename 39216 3618 24 42858 a76a sched.o.before 39173 3618 24 42815 a73f sched.o.after Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-08-09 17:16:46 +08:00
return 1;
return 0;
}
/*
* find_busiest_group finds and returns the busiest CPU group within the
* domain. It calculates and returns the amount of weighted load which
* should be moved to restore balance via the imbalance parameter.
*/
static struct sched_group *
find_busiest_group(struct sched_domain *sd, int this_cpu,
unsigned long *imbalance, enum cpu_idle_type idle,
int *sd_idle, const cpumask_t *cpus, int *balance)
{
struct sched_group *busiest = NULL, *this = NULL, *group = sd->groups;
unsigned long max_load, avg_load, total_load, this_load, total_pwr;
unsigned long max_pull;
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
unsigned long busiest_load_per_task, busiest_nr_running;
unsigned long this_load_per_task, this_nr_running;
sched: fix improper load balance across sched domain We recently discovered a nasty performance bug in the kernel CPU load balancer where we were hit by 50% performance regression. When tasks are assigned to a subset of CPUs that span across sched_domains (either ccNUMA node or the new multi-core domain) via cpu affinity, kernel fails to perform proper load balance at these domains, due to several logic in find_busiest_group() miss identified busiest sched group within a given domain. This leads to inadequate load balance and causes 50% performance hit. To give you a concrete example, on a dual-core, 2 socket numa system, there are 4 logical cpu, organized as: CPU0 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 0003 groups: 0001 0002 domain 1: span 000f groups: 0003 000c CPU1 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 0003 groups: 0002 0001 domain 1: span 000f groups: 0003 000c CPU2 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 000c groups: 0004 0008 domain 1: span 000f groups: 000c 0003 CPU3 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 000c groups: 0008 0004 domain 1: span 000f groups: 000c 0003 If I run 2 tasks with CPU affinity set to 0x5. There are situation where cpu0 has run queue length of 2, and cpu2 will be idle. The kernel load balancer is unable to balance out these two tasks over cpu0 and cpu2 due to at least three logics in find_busiest_group() that heavily bias load balance towards power saving mode. e.g. while determining "busiest" variable, kernel only set it when "sum_nr_running > group_capacity". This test is flawed that "sum_nr_running" is not necessary same as sum-tasks-allowed-to-run-within-the sched-group. The end result is that kernel "think" everything is balanced, but in reality we have an imbalance and thus causing one CPU to be over-subscribed and leaving other idle. There are two other logic in the same function will also causing similar effect. The nastiness of this bug is that kernel not be able to get unstuck in this unfortunate broken state. From what we've seen in our environment, kernel will stuck in imbalanced state for extended period of time and it is also very easy for the kernel to stuck into that state (it's pretty much 100% reproducible for us). So proposing the following fix: add addition logic in find_busiest_group to detect intrinsic imbalance within the busiest group. When such condition is detected, load balance goes into spread mode instead of default grouping mode. Signed-off-by: Ken Chen <kenchen@google.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-10-17 22:55:11 +08:00
int load_idx, group_imb = 0;
#if defined(CONFIG_SCHED_MC) || defined(CONFIG_SCHED_SMT)
int power_savings_balance = 1;
unsigned long leader_nr_running = 0, min_load_per_task = 0;
unsigned long min_nr_running = ULONG_MAX;
struct sched_group *group_min = NULL, *group_leader = NULL;
#endif
max_load = this_load = total_load = total_pwr = 0;
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
busiest_load_per_task = busiest_nr_running = 0;
this_load_per_task = this_nr_running = 0;
if (idle == CPU_NOT_IDLE)
load_idx = sd->busy_idx;
else if (idle == CPU_NEWLY_IDLE)
load_idx = sd->newidle_idx;
else
load_idx = sd->idle_idx;
do {
sched: fix improper load balance across sched domain We recently discovered a nasty performance bug in the kernel CPU load balancer where we were hit by 50% performance regression. When tasks are assigned to a subset of CPUs that span across sched_domains (either ccNUMA node or the new multi-core domain) via cpu affinity, kernel fails to perform proper load balance at these domains, due to several logic in find_busiest_group() miss identified busiest sched group within a given domain. This leads to inadequate load balance and causes 50% performance hit. To give you a concrete example, on a dual-core, 2 socket numa system, there are 4 logical cpu, organized as: CPU0 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 0003 groups: 0001 0002 domain 1: span 000f groups: 0003 000c CPU1 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 0003 groups: 0002 0001 domain 1: span 000f groups: 0003 000c CPU2 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 000c groups: 0004 0008 domain 1: span 000f groups: 000c 0003 CPU3 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 000c groups: 0008 0004 domain 1: span 000f groups: 000c 0003 If I run 2 tasks with CPU affinity set to 0x5. There are situation where cpu0 has run queue length of 2, and cpu2 will be idle. The kernel load balancer is unable to balance out these two tasks over cpu0 and cpu2 due to at least three logics in find_busiest_group() that heavily bias load balance towards power saving mode. e.g. while determining "busiest" variable, kernel only set it when "sum_nr_running > group_capacity". This test is flawed that "sum_nr_running" is not necessary same as sum-tasks-allowed-to-run-within-the sched-group. The end result is that kernel "think" everything is balanced, but in reality we have an imbalance and thus causing one CPU to be over-subscribed and leaving other idle. There are two other logic in the same function will also causing similar effect. The nastiness of this bug is that kernel not be able to get unstuck in this unfortunate broken state. From what we've seen in our environment, kernel will stuck in imbalanced state for extended period of time and it is also very easy for the kernel to stuck into that state (it's pretty much 100% reproducible for us). So proposing the following fix: add addition logic in find_busiest_group to detect intrinsic imbalance within the busiest group. When such condition is detected, load balance goes into spread mode instead of default grouping mode. Signed-off-by: Ken Chen <kenchen@google.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-10-17 22:55:11 +08:00
unsigned long load, group_capacity, max_cpu_load, min_cpu_load;
int local_group;
int i;
sched: fix improper load balance across sched domain We recently discovered a nasty performance bug in the kernel CPU load balancer where we were hit by 50% performance regression. When tasks are assigned to a subset of CPUs that span across sched_domains (either ccNUMA node or the new multi-core domain) via cpu affinity, kernel fails to perform proper load balance at these domains, due to several logic in find_busiest_group() miss identified busiest sched group within a given domain. This leads to inadequate load balance and causes 50% performance hit. To give you a concrete example, on a dual-core, 2 socket numa system, there are 4 logical cpu, organized as: CPU0 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 0003 groups: 0001 0002 domain 1: span 000f groups: 0003 000c CPU1 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 0003 groups: 0002 0001 domain 1: span 000f groups: 0003 000c CPU2 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 000c groups: 0004 0008 domain 1: span 000f groups: 000c 0003 CPU3 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 000c groups: 0008 0004 domain 1: span 000f groups: 000c 0003 If I run 2 tasks with CPU affinity set to 0x5. There are situation where cpu0 has run queue length of 2, and cpu2 will be idle. The kernel load balancer is unable to balance out these two tasks over cpu0 and cpu2 due to at least three logics in find_busiest_group() that heavily bias load balance towards power saving mode. e.g. while determining "busiest" variable, kernel only set it when "sum_nr_running > group_capacity". This test is flawed that "sum_nr_running" is not necessary same as sum-tasks-allowed-to-run-within-the sched-group. The end result is that kernel "think" everything is balanced, but in reality we have an imbalance and thus causing one CPU to be over-subscribed and leaving other idle. There are two other logic in the same function will also causing similar effect. The nastiness of this bug is that kernel not be able to get unstuck in this unfortunate broken state. From what we've seen in our environment, kernel will stuck in imbalanced state for extended period of time and it is also very easy for the kernel to stuck into that state (it's pretty much 100% reproducible for us). So proposing the following fix: add addition logic in find_busiest_group to detect intrinsic imbalance within the busiest group. When such condition is detected, load balance goes into spread mode instead of default grouping mode. Signed-off-by: Ken Chen <kenchen@google.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-10-17 22:55:11 +08:00
int __group_imb = 0;
unsigned int balance_cpu = -1, first_idle_cpu = 0;
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
unsigned long sum_nr_running, sum_weighted_load;
unsigned long sum_avg_load_per_task;
unsigned long avg_load_per_task;
local_group = cpu_isset(this_cpu, group->cpumask);
if (local_group)
balance_cpu = first_cpu(group->cpumask);
/* Tally up the load of all CPUs in the group */
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
sum_weighted_load = sum_nr_running = avg_load = 0;
sum_avg_load_per_task = avg_load_per_task = 0;
sched: fix improper load balance across sched domain We recently discovered a nasty performance bug in the kernel CPU load balancer where we were hit by 50% performance regression. When tasks are assigned to a subset of CPUs that span across sched_domains (either ccNUMA node or the new multi-core domain) via cpu affinity, kernel fails to perform proper load balance at these domains, due to several logic in find_busiest_group() miss identified busiest sched group within a given domain. This leads to inadequate load balance and causes 50% performance hit. To give you a concrete example, on a dual-core, 2 socket numa system, there are 4 logical cpu, organized as: CPU0 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 0003 groups: 0001 0002 domain 1: span 000f groups: 0003 000c CPU1 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 0003 groups: 0002 0001 domain 1: span 000f groups: 0003 000c CPU2 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 000c groups: 0004 0008 domain 1: span 000f groups: 000c 0003 CPU3 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 000c groups: 0008 0004 domain 1: span 000f groups: 000c 0003 If I run 2 tasks with CPU affinity set to 0x5. There are situation where cpu0 has run queue length of 2, and cpu2 will be idle. The kernel load balancer is unable to balance out these two tasks over cpu0 and cpu2 due to at least three logics in find_busiest_group() that heavily bias load balance towards power saving mode. e.g. while determining "busiest" variable, kernel only set it when "sum_nr_running > group_capacity". This test is flawed that "sum_nr_running" is not necessary same as sum-tasks-allowed-to-run-within-the sched-group. The end result is that kernel "think" everything is balanced, but in reality we have an imbalance and thus causing one CPU to be over-subscribed and leaving other idle. There are two other logic in the same function will also causing similar effect. The nastiness of this bug is that kernel not be able to get unstuck in this unfortunate broken state. From what we've seen in our environment, kernel will stuck in imbalanced state for extended period of time and it is also very easy for the kernel to stuck into that state (it's pretty much 100% reproducible for us). So proposing the following fix: add addition logic in find_busiest_group to detect intrinsic imbalance within the busiest group. When such condition is detected, load balance goes into spread mode instead of default grouping mode. Signed-off-by: Ken Chen <kenchen@google.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-10-17 22:55:11 +08:00
max_cpu_load = 0;
min_cpu_load = ~0UL;
for_each_cpu_mask(i, group->cpumask) {
[PATCH] Fix longstanding load balancing bug in the scheduler The scheduler will stop load balancing if the most busy processor contains processes pinned via processor affinity. The scheduler currently only does one search for busiest cpu. If it cannot pull any tasks away from the busiest cpu because they were pinned then the scheduler goes into a corner and sulks leaving the idle processors idle. F.e. If you have processor 0 busy running four tasks pinned via taskset, there are none on processor 1 and one just started two processes on processor 2 then the scheduler will not move one of the two processes away from processor 2. This patch fixes that issue by forcing the scheduler to come out of its corner and retrying the load balancing by considering other processors for load balancing. This patch was originally developed by John Hawkes and discussed at http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=113901368523205&w=2. I have removed extraneous material and gone back to equipping struct rq with the cpu the queue is associated with since this makes the patch much easier and it is likely that others in the future will have the same difficulty of figuring out which processor owns which runqueue. The overhead added through these patches is a single word on the stack if the kernel is configured to support 32 cpus or less (32 bit). For 32 bit environments the maximum number of cpus that can be configued is 255 which would result in the use of 32 bytes additional on the stack. On IA64 up to 1k cpus can be configured which will result in the use of 128 additional bytes on the stack. The maximum additional cache footprint is one cacheline. Typically memory use will be much less than a cacheline and the additional cpumask will be placed on the stack in a cacheline that already contains other local variable. Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-09-26 14:30:51 +08:00
struct rq *rq;
if (!cpu_isset(i, *cpus))
continue;
rq = cpu_rq(i);
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
if (*sd_idle && rq->nr_running)
*sd_idle = 0;
/* Bias balancing toward cpus of our domain */
if (local_group) {
if (idle_cpu(i) && !first_idle_cpu) {
first_idle_cpu = 1;
balance_cpu = i;
}
load = target_load(i, load_idx);
sched: fix improper load balance across sched domain We recently discovered a nasty performance bug in the kernel CPU load balancer where we were hit by 50% performance regression. When tasks are assigned to a subset of CPUs that span across sched_domains (either ccNUMA node or the new multi-core domain) via cpu affinity, kernel fails to perform proper load balance at these domains, due to several logic in find_busiest_group() miss identified busiest sched group within a given domain. This leads to inadequate load balance and causes 50% performance hit. To give you a concrete example, on a dual-core, 2 socket numa system, there are 4 logical cpu, organized as: CPU0 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 0003 groups: 0001 0002 domain 1: span 000f groups: 0003 000c CPU1 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 0003 groups: 0002 0001 domain 1: span 000f groups: 0003 000c CPU2 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 000c groups: 0004 0008 domain 1: span 000f groups: 000c 0003 CPU3 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 000c groups: 0008 0004 domain 1: span 000f groups: 000c 0003 If I run 2 tasks with CPU affinity set to 0x5. There are situation where cpu0 has run queue length of 2, and cpu2 will be idle. The kernel load balancer is unable to balance out these two tasks over cpu0 and cpu2 due to at least three logics in find_busiest_group() that heavily bias load balance towards power saving mode. e.g. while determining "busiest" variable, kernel only set it when "sum_nr_running > group_capacity". This test is flawed that "sum_nr_running" is not necessary same as sum-tasks-allowed-to-run-within-the sched-group. The end result is that kernel "think" everything is balanced, but in reality we have an imbalance and thus causing one CPU to be over-subscribed and leaving other idle. There are two other logic in the same function will also causing similar effect. The nastiness of this bug is that kernel not be able to get unstuck in this unfortunate broken state. From what we've seen in our environment, kernel will stuck in imbalanced state for extended period of time and it is also very easy for the kernel to stuck into that state (it's pretty much 100% reproducible for us). So proposing the following fix: add addition logic in find_busiest_group to detect intrinsic imbalance within the busiest group. When such condition is detected, load balance goes into spread mode instead of default grouping mode. Signed-off-by: Ken Chen <kenchen@google.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-10-17 22:55:11 +08:00
} else {
load = source_load(i, load_idx);
sched: fix improper load balance across sched domain We recently discovered a nasty performance bug in the kernel CPU load balancer where we were hit by 50% performance regression. When tasks are assigned to a subset of CPUs that span across sched_domains (either ccNUMA node or the new multi-core domain) via cpu affinity, kernel fails to perform proper load balance at these domains, due to several logic in find_busiest_group() miss identified busiest sched group within a given domain. This leads to inadequate load balance and causes 50% performance hit. To give you a concrete example, on a dual-core, 2 socket numa system, there are 4 logical cpu, organized as: CPU0 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 0003 groups: 0001 0002 domain 1: span 000f groups: 0003 000c CPU1 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 0003 groups: 0002 0001 domain 1: span 000f groups: 0003 000c CPU2 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 000c groups: 0004 0008 domain 1: span 000f groups: 000c 0003 CPU3 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 000c groups: 0008 0004 domain 1: span 000f groups: 000c 0003 If I run 2 tasks with CPU affinity set to 0x5. There are situation where cpu0 has run queue length of 2, and cpu2 will be idle. The kernel load balancer is unable to balance out these two tasks over cpu0 and cpu2 due to at least three logics in find_busiest_group() that heavily bias load balance towards power saving mode. e.g. while determining "busiest" variable, kernel only set it when "sum_nr_running > group_capacity". This test is flawed that "sum_nr_running" is not necessary same as sum-tasks-allowed-to-run-within-the sched-group. The end result is that kernel "think" everything is balanced, but in reality we have an imbalance and thus causing one CPU to be over-subscribed and leaving other idle. There are two other logic in the same function will also causing similar effect. The nastiness of this bug is that kernel not be able to get unstuck in this unfortunate broken state. From what we've seen in our environment, kernel will stuck in imbalanced state for extended period of time and it is also very easy for the kernel to stuck into that state (it's pretty much 100% reproducible for us). So proposing the following fix: add addition logic in find_busiest_group to detect intrinsic imbalance within the busiest group. When such condition is detected, load balance goes into spread mode instead of default grouping mode. Signed-off-by: Ken Chen <kenchen@google.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-10-17 22:55:11 +08:00
if (load > max_cpu_load)
max_cpu_load = load;
if (min_cpu_load > load)
min_cpu_load = load;
}
avg_load += load;
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
sum_nr_running += rq->nr_running;
sum_weighted_load += weighted_cpuload(i);
sum_avg_load_per_task += cpu_avg_load_per_task(i);
}
/*
* First idle cpu or the first cpu(busiest) in this sched group
* is eligible for doing load balancing at this and above
* domains. In the newly idle case, we will allow all the cpu's
* to do the newly idle load balance.
*/
if (idle != CPU_NEWLY_IDLE && local_group &&
balance_cpu != this_cpu && balance) {
*balance = 0;
goto ret;
}
total_load += avg_load;
Speed up divides by cpu_power in scheduler I noticed expensive divides done in try_to_wakeup() and find_busiest_group() on a bi dual core Opteron machine (total of 4 cores), moderatly loaded (15.000 context switch per second) oprofile numbers : CPU: AMD64 processors, speed 2600.05 MHz (estimated) Counted CPU_CLK_UNHALTED events (Cycles outside of halt state) with a unit mask of 0x00 (No unit mask) count 50000 samples % symbol name ... 613914 1.0498 try_to_wake_up 834 0.0013 :ffffffff80227ae1: div %rcx 77513 0.1191 :ffffffff80227ae4: mov %rax,%r11 608893 1.0413 find_busiest_group 1841 0.0031 :ffffffff802260bf: div %rdi 140109 0.2394 :ffffffff802260c2: test %sil,%sil Some of these divides can use the reciprocal divides we introduced some time ago (currently used in slab AFAIK) We can assume a load will fit in a 32bits number, because with a SCHED_LOAD_SCALE=128 value, its still a theorical limit of 33554432 When/if we reach this limit one day, probably cpus will have a fast hardware divide and we can zap the reciprocal divide trick. Ingo suggested to rename cpu_power to __cpu_power to make clear it should not be modified without changing its reciprocal value too. I did not convert the divide in cpu_avg_load_per_task(), because tracking nr_running changes may be not worth it ? We could use a static table of 32 reciprocal values but it would add a conditional branch and table lookup. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: !SMP build fix] Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-08 15:32:57 +08:00
total_pwr += group->__cpu_power;
/* Adjust by relative CPU power of the group */
Speed up divides by cpu_power in scheduler I noticed expensive divides done in try_to_wakeup() and find_busiest_group() on a bi dual core Opteron machine (total of 4 cores), moderatly loaded (15.000 context switch per second) oprofile numbers : CPU: AMD64 processors, speed 2600.05 MHz (estimated) Counted CPU_CLK_UNHALTED events (Cycles outside of halt state) with a unit mask of 0x00 (No unit mask) count 50000 samples % symbol name ... 613914 1.0498 try_to_wake_up 834 0.0013 :ffffffff80227ae1: div %rcx 77513 0.1191 :ffffffff80227ae4: mov %rax,%r11 608893 1.0413 find_busiest_group 1841 0.0031 :ffffffff802260bf: div %rdi 140109 0.2394 :ffffffff802260c2: test %sil,%sil Some of these divides can use the reciprocal divides we introduced some time ago (currently used in slab AFAIK) We can assume a load will fit in a 32bits number, because with a SCHED_LOAD_SCALE=128 value, its still a theorical limit of 33554432 When/if we reach this limit one day, probably cpus will have a fast hardware divide and we can zap the reciprocal divide trick. Ingo suggested to rename cpu_power to __cpu_power to make clear it should not be modified without changing its reciprocal value too. I did not convert the divide in cpu_avg_load_per_task(), because tracking nr_running changes may be not worth it ? We could use a static table of 32 reciprocal values but it would add a conditional branch and table lookup. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: !SMP build fix] Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-08 15:32:57 +08:00
avg_load = sg_div_cpu_power(group,
avg_load * SCHED_LOAD_SCALE);
/*
* Consider the group unbalanced when the imbalance is larger
* than the average weight of two tasks.
*
* APZ: with cgroup the avg task weight can vary wildly and
* might not be a suitable number - should we keep a
* normalized nr_running number somewhere that negates
* the hierarchy?
*/
avg_load_per_task = sg_div_cpu_power(group,
sum_avg_load_per_task * SCHED_LOAD_SCALE);
if ((max_cpu_load - min_cpu_load) > 2*avg_load_per_task)
sched: fix improper load balance across sched domain We recently discovered a nasty performance bug in the kernel CPU load balancer where we were hit by 50% performance regression. When tasks are assigned to a subset of CPUs that span across sched_domains (either ccNUMA node or the new multi-core domain) via cpu affinity, kernel fails to perform proper load balance at these domains, due to several logic in find_busiest_group() miss identified busiest sched group within a given domain. This leads to inadequate load balance and causes 50% performance hit. To give you a concrete example, on a dual-core, 2 socket numa system, there are 4 logical cpu, organized as: CPU0 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 0003 groups: 0001 0002 domain 1: span 000f groups: 0003 000c CPU1 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 0003 groups: 0002 0001 domain 1: span 000f groups: 0003 000c CPU2 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 000c groups: 0004 0008 domain 1: span 000f groups: 000c 0003 CPU3 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 000c groups: 0008 0004 domain 1: span 000f groups: 000c 0003 If I run 2 tasks with CPU affinity set to 0x5. There are situation where cpu0 has run queue length of 2, and cpu2 will be idle. The kernel load balancer is unable to balance out these two tasks over cpu0 and cpu2 due to at least three logics in find_busiest_group() that heavily bias load balance towards power saving mode. e.g. while determining "busiest" variable, kernel only set it when "sum_nr_running > group_capacity". This test is flawed that "sum_nr_running" is not necessary same as sum-tasks-allowed-to-run-within-the sched-group. The end result is that kernel "think" everything is balanced, but in reality we have an imbalance and thus causing one CPU to be over-subscribed and leaving other idle. There are two other logic in the same function will also causing similar effect. The nastiness of this bug is that kernel not be able to get unstuck in this unfortunate broken state. From what we've seen in our environment, kernel will stuck in imbalanced state for extended period of time and it is also very easy for the kernel to stuck into that state (it's pretty much 100% reproducible for us). So proposing the following fix: add addition logic in find_busiest_group to detect intrinsic imbalance within the busiest group. When such condition is detected, load balance goes into spread mode instead of default grouping mode. Signed-off-by: Ken Chen <kenchen@google.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-10-17 22:55:11 +08:00
__group_imb = 1;
Speed up divides by cpu_power in scheduler I noticed expensive divides done in try_to_wakeup() and find_busiest_group() on a bi dual core Opteron machine (total of 4 cores), moderatly loaded (15.000 context switch per second) oprofile numbers : CPU: AMD64 processors, speed 2600.05 MHz (estimated) Counted CPU_CLK_UNHALTED events (Cycles outside of halt state) with a unit mask of 0x00 (No unit mask) count 50000 samples % symbol name ... 613914 1.0498 try_to_wake_up 834 0.0013 :ffffffff80227ae1: div %rcx 77513 0.1191 :ffffffff80227ae4: mov %rax,%r11 608893 1.0413 find_busiest_group 1841 0.0031 :ffffffff802260bf: div %rdi 140109 0.2394 :ffffffff802260c2: test %sil,%sil Some of these divides can use the reciprocal divides we introduced some time ago (currently used in slab AFAIK) We can assume a load will fit in a 32bits number, because with a SCHED_LOAD_SCALE=128 value, its still a theorical limit of 33554432 When/if we reach this limit one day, probably cpus will have a fast hardware divide and we can zap the reciprocal divide trick. Ingo suggested to rename cpu_power to __cpu_power to make clear it should not be modified without changing its reciprocal value too. I did not convert the divide in cpu_avg_load_per_task(), because tracking nr_running changes may be not worth it ? We could use a static table of 32 reciprocal values but it would add a conditional branch and table lookup. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: !SMP build fix] Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-08 15:32:57 +08:00
group_capacity = group->__cpu_power / SCHED_LOAD_SCALE;
if (local_group) {
this_load = avg_load;
this = group;
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
this_nr_running = sum_nr_running;
this_load_per_task = sum_weighted_load;
} else if (avg_load > max_load &&
sched: fix improper load balance across sched domain We recently discovered a nasty performance bug in the kernel CPU load balancer where we were hit by 50% performance regression. When tasks are assigned to a subset of CPUs that span across sched_domains (either ccNUMA node or the new multi-core domain) via cpu affinity, kernel fails to perform proper load balance at these domains, due to several logic in find_busiest_group() miss identified busiest sched group within a given domain. This leads to inadequate load balance and causes 50% performance hit. To give you a concrete example, on a dual-core, 2 socket numa system, there are 4 logical cpu, organized as: CPU0 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 0003 groups: 0001 0002 domain 1: span 000f groups: 0003 000c CPU1 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 0003 groups: 0002 0001 domain 1: span 000f groups: 0003 000c CPU2 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 000c groups: 0004 0008 domain 1: span 000f groups: 000c 0003 CPU3 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 000c groups: 0008 0004 domain 1: span 000f groups: 000c 0003 If I run 2 tasks with CPU affinity set to 0x5. There are situation where cpu0 has run queue length of 2, and cpu2 will be idle. The kernel load balancer is unable to balance out these two tasks over cpu0 and cpu2 due to at least three logics in find_busiest_group() that heavily bias load balance towards power saving mode. e.g. while determining "busiest" variable, kernel only set it when "sum_nr_running > group_capacity". This test is flawed that "sum_nr_running" is not necessary same as sum-tasks-allowed-to-run-within-the sched-group. The end result is that kernel "think" everything is balanced, but in reality we have an imbalance and thus causing one CPU to be over-subscribed and leaving other idle. There are two other logic in the same function will also causing similar effect. The nastiness of this bug is that kernel not be able to get unstuck in this unfortunate broken state. From what we've seen in our environment, kernel will stuck in imbalanced state for extended period of time and it is also very easy for the kernel to stuck into that state (it's pretty much 100% reproducible for us). So proposing the following fix: add addition logic in find_busiest_group to detect intrinsic imbalance within the busiest group. When such condition is detected, load balance goes into spread mode instead of default grouping mode. Signed-off-by: Ken Chen <kenchen@google.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-10-17 22:55:11 +08:00
(sum_nr_running > group_capacity || __group_imb)) {
max_load = avg_load;
busiest = group;
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
busiest_nr_running = sum_nr_running;
busiest_load_per_task = sum_weighted_load;
sched: fix improper load balance across sched domain We recently discovered a nasty performance bug in the kernel CPU load balancer where we were hit by 50% performance regression. When tasks are assigned to a subset of CPUs that span across sched_domains (either ccNUMA node or the new multi-core domain) via cpu affinity, kernel fails to perform proper load balance at these domains, due to several logic in find_busiest_group() miss identified busiest sched group within a given domain. This leads to inadequate load balance and causes 50% performance hit. To give you a concrete example, on a dual-core, 2 socket numa system, there are 4 logical cpu, organized as: CPU0 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 0003 groups: 0001 0002 domain 1: span 000f groups: 0003 000c CPU1 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 0003 groups: 0002 0001 domain 1: span 000f groups: 0003 000c CPU2 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 000c groups: 0004 0008 domain 1: span 000f groups: 000c 0003 CPU3 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 000c groups: 0008 0004 domain 1: span 000f groups: 000c 0003 If I run 2 tasks with CPU affinity set to 0x5. There are situation where cpu0 has run queue length of 2, and cpu2 will be idle. The kernel load balancer is unable to balance out these two tasks over cpu0 and cpu2 due to at least three logics in find_busiest_group() that heavily bias load balance towards power saving mode. e.g. while determining "busiest" variable, kernel only set it when "sum_nr_running > group_capacity". This test is flawed that "sum_nr_running" is not necessary same as sum-tasks-allowed-to-run-within-the sched-group. The end result is that kernel "think" everything is balanced, but in reality we have an imbalance and thus causing one CPU to be over-subscribed and leaving other idle. There are two other logic in the same function will also causing similar effect. The nastiness of this bug is that kernel not be able to get unstuck in this unfortunate broken state. From what we've seen in our environment, kernel will stuck in imbalanced state for extended period of time and it is also very easy for the kernel to stuck into that state (it's pretty much 100% reproducible for us). So proposing the following fix: add addition logic in find_busiest_group to detect intrinsic imbalance within the busiest group. When such condition is detected, load balance goes into spread mode instead of default grouping mode. Signed-off-by: Ken Chen <kenchen@google.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-10-17 22:55:11 +08:00
group_imb = __group_imb;
}
#if defined(CONFIG_SCHED_MC) || defined(CONFIG_SCHED_SMT)
/*
* Busy processors will not participate in power savings
* balance.
*/
if (idle == CPU_NOT_IDLE ||
!(sd->flags & SD_POWERSAVINGS_BALANCE))
goto group_next;
/*
* If the local group is idle or completely loaded
* no need to do power savings balance at this domain
*/
if (local_group && (this_nr_running >= group_capacity ||
!this_nr_running))
power_savings_balance = 0;
/*
* If a group is already running at full capacity or idle,
* don't include that group in power savings calculations
*/
if (!power_savings_balance || sum_nr_running >= group_capacity
|| !sum_nr_running)
goto group_next;
/*
* Calculate the group which has the least non-idle load.
* This is the group from where we need to pick up the load
* for saving power
*/
if ((sum_nr_running < min_nr_running) ||
(sum_nr_running == min_nr_running &&
first_cpu(group->cpumask) <
first_cpu(group_min->cpumask))) {
group_min = group;
min_nr_running = sum_nr_running;
min_load_per_task = sum_weighted_load /
sum_nr_running;
}
/*
* Calculate the group which is almost near its
* capacity but still has some space to pick up some load
* from other group and save more power
*/
if (sum_nr_running <= group_capacity - 1) {
if (sum_nr_running > leader_nr_running ||
(sum_nr_running == leader_nr_running &&
first_cpu(group->cpumask) >
first_cpu(group_leader->cpumask))) {
group_leader = group;
leader_nr_running = sum_nr_running;
}
}
group_next:
#endif
group = group->next;
} while (group != sd->groups);
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
if (!busiest || this_load >= max_load || busiest_nr_running == 0)
goto out_balanced;
avg_load = (SCHED_LOAD_SCALE * total_load) / total_pwr;
if (this_load >= avg_load ||
100*max_load <= sd->imbalance_pct*this_load)
goto out_balanced;
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
busiest_load_per_task /= busiest_nr_running;
sched: fix improper load balance across sched domain We recently discovered a nasty performance bug in the kernel CPU load balancer where we were hit by 50% performance regression. When tasks are assigned to a subset of CPUs that span across sched_domains (either ccNUMA node or the new multi-core domain) via cpu affinity, kernel fails to perform proper load balance at these domains, due to several logic in find_busiest_group() miss identified busiest sched group within a given domain. This leads to inadequate load balance and causes 50% performance hit. To give you a concrete example, on a dual-core, 2 socket numa system, there are 4 logical cpu, organized as: CPU0 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 0003 groups: 0001 0002 domain 1: span 000f groups: 0003 000c CPU1 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 0003 groups: 0002 0001 domain 1: span 000f groups: 0003 000c CPU2 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 000c groups: 0004 0008 domain 1: span 000f groups: 000c 0003 CPU3 attaching sched-domain: domain 0: span 000c groups: 0008 0004 domain 1: span 000f groups: 000c 0003 If I run 2 tasks with CPU affinity set to 0x5. There are situation where cpu0 has run queue length of 2, and cpu2 will be idle. The kernel load balancer is unable to balance out these two tasks over cpu0 and cpu2 due to at least three logics in find_busiest_group() that heavily bias load balance towards power saving mode. e.g. while determining "busiest" variable, kernel only set it when "sum_nr_running > group_capacity". This test is flawed that "sum_nr_running" is not necessary same as sum-tasks-allowed-to-run-within-the sched-group. The end result is that kernel "think" everything is balanced, but in reality we have an imbalance and thus causing one CPU to be over-subscribed and leaving other idle. There are two other logic in the same function will also causing similar effect. The nastiness of this bug is that kernel not be able to get unstuck in this unfortunate broken state. From what we've seen in our environment, kernel will stuck in imbalanced state for extended period of time and it is also very easy for the kernel to stuck into that state (it's pretty much 100% reproducible for us). So proposing the following fix: add addition logic in find_busiest_group to detect intrinsic imbalance within the busiest group. When such condition is detected, load balance goes into spread mode instead of default grouping mode. Signed-off-by: Ken Chen <kenchen@google.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-10-17 22:55:11 +08:00
if (group_imb)
busiest_load_per_task = min(busiest_load_per_task, avg_load);
/*
* We're trying to get all the cpus to the average_load, so we don't
* want to push ourselves above the average load, nor do we wish to
* reduce the max loaded cpu below the average load, as either of these
* actions would just result in more rebalancing later, and ping-pong
* tasks around. Thus we look for the minimum possible imbalance.
* Negative imbalances (*we* are more loaded than anyone else) will
* be counted as no imbalance for these purposes -- we can't fix that
* by pulling tasks to us. Be careful of negative numbers as they'll
* appear as very large values with unsigned longs.
*/
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
if (max_load <= busiest_load_per_task)
goto out_balanced;
/*
* In the presence of smp nice balancing, certain scenarios can have
* max load less than avg load(as we skip the groups at or below
* its cpu_power, while calculating max_load..)
*/
if (max_load < avg_load) {
*imbalance = 0;
goto small_imbalance;
}
/* Don't want to pull so many tasks that a group would go idle */
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
max_pull = min(max_load - avg_load, max_load - busiest_load_per_task);
/* How much load to actually move to equalise the imbalance */
Speed up divides by cpu_power in scheduler I noticed expensive divides done in try_to_wakeup() and find_busiest_group() on a bi dual core Opteron machine (total of 4 cores), moderatly loaded (15.000 context switch per second) oprofile numbers : CPU: AMD64 processors, speed 2600.05 MHz (estimated) Counted CPU_CLK_UNHALTED events (Cycles outside of halt state) with a unit mask of 0x00 (No unit mask) count 50000 samples % symbol name ... 613914 1.0498 try_to_wake_up 834 0.0013 :ffffffff80227ae1: div %rcx 77513 0.1191 :ffffffff80227ae4: mov %rax,%r11 608893 1.0413 find_busiest_group 1841 0.0031 :ffffffff802260bf: div %rdi 140109 0.2394 :ffffffff802260c2: test %sil,%sil Some of these divides can use the reciprocal divides we introduced some time ago (currently used in slab AFAIK) We can assume a load will fit in a 32bits number, because with a SCHED_LOAD_SCALE=128 value, its still a theorical limit of 33554432 When/if we reach this limit one day, probably cpus will have a fast hardware divide and we can zap the reciprocal divide trick. Ingo suggested to rename cpu_power to __cpu_power to make clear it should not be modified without changing its reciprocal value too. I did not convert the divide in cpu_avg_load_per_task(), because tracking nr_running changes may be not worth it ? We could use a static table of 32 reciprocal values but it would add a conditional branch and table lookup. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: !SMP build fix] Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-08 15:32:57 +08:00
*imbalance = min(max_pull * busiest->__cpu_power,
(avg_load - this_load) * this->__cpu_power)
/ SCHED_LOAD_SCALE;
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
/*
* if *imbalance is less than the average load per runnable task
* there is no gaurantee that any tasks will be moved so we'll have
* a think about bumping its value to force at least one task to be
* moved
*/
if (*imbalance < busiest_load_per_task) {
unsigned long tmp, pwr_now, pwr_move;
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
unsigned int imbn;
small_imbalance:
pwr_move = pwr_now = 0;
imbn = 2;
if (this_nr_running) {
this_load_per_task /= this_nr_running;
if (busiest_load_per_task > this_load_per_task)
imbn = 1;
} else
this_load_per_task = cpu_avg_load_per_task(this_cpu);
if (max_load - this_load + 2*busiest_load_per_task >=
busiest_load_per_task * imbn) {
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
*imbalance = busiest_load_per_task;
return busiest;
}
/*
* OK, we don't have enough imbalance to justify moving tasks,
* however we may be able to increase total CPU power used by
* moving them.
*/
Speed up divides by cpu_power in scheduler I noticed expensive divides done in try_to_wakeup() and find_busiest_group() on a bi dual core Opteron machine (total of 4 cores), moderatly loaded (15.000 context switch per second) oprofile numbers : CPU: AMD64 processors, speed 2600.05 MHz (estimated) Counted CPU_CLK_UNHALTED events (Cycles outside of halt state) with a unit mask of 0x00 (No unit mask) count 50000 samples % symbol name ... 613914 1.0498 try_to_wake_up 834 0.0013 :ffffffff80227ae1: div %rcx 77513 0.1191 :ffffffff80227ae4: mov %rax,%r11 608893 1.0413 find_busiest_group 1841 0.0031 :ffffffff802260bf: div %rdi 140109 0.2394 :ffffffff802260c2: test %sil,%sil Some of these divides can use the reciprocal divides we introduced some time ago (currently used in slab AFAIK) We can assume a load will fit in a 32bits number, because with a SCHED_LOAD_SCALE=128 value, its still a theorical limit of 33554432 When/if we reach this limit one day, probably cpus will have a fast hardware divide and we can zap the reciprocal divide trick. Ingo suggested to rename cpu_power to __cpu_power to make clear it should not be modified without changing its reciprocal value too. I did not convert the divide in cpu_avg_load_per_task(), because tracking nr_running changes may be not worth it ? We could use a static table of 32 reciprocal values but it would add a conditional branch and table lookup. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: !SMP build fix] Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-08 15:32:57 +08:00
pwr_now += busiest->__cpu_power *
min(busiest_load_per_task, max_load);
pwr_now += this->__cpu_power *
min(this_load_per_task, this_load);
pwr_now /= SCHED_LOAD_SCALE;
/* Amount of load we'd subtract */
Speed up divides by cpu_power in scheduler I noticed expensive divides done in try_to_wakeup() and find_busiest_group() on a bi dual core Opteron machine (total of 4 cores), moderatly loaded (15.000 context switch per second) oprofile numbers : CPU: AMD64 processors, speed 2600.05 MHz (estimated) Counted CPU_CLK_UNHALTED events (Cycles outside of halt state) with a unit mask of 0x00 (No unit mask) count 50000 samples % symbol name ... 613914 1.0498 try_to_wake_up 834 0.0013 :ffffffff80227ae1: div %rcx 77513 0.1191 :ffffffff80227ae4: mov %rax,%r11 608893 1.0413 find_busiest_group 1841 0.0031 :ffffffff802260bf: div %rdi 140109 0.2394 :ffffffff802260c2: test %sil,%sil Some of these divides can use the reciprocal divides we introduced some time ago (currently used in slab AFAIK) We can assume a load will fit in a 32bits number, because with a SCHED_LOAD_SCALE=128 value, its still a theorical limit of 33554432 When/if we reach this limit one day, probably cpus will have a fast hardware divide and we can zap the reciprocal divide trick. Ingo suggested to rename cpu_power to __cpu_power to make clear it should not be modified without changing its reciprocal value too. I did not convert the divide in cpu_avg_load_per_task(), because tracking nr_running changes may be not worth it ? We could use a static table of 32 reciprocal values but it would add a conditional branch and table lookup. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: !SMP build fix] Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-08 15:32:57 +08:00
tmp = sg_div_cpu_power(busiest,
busiest_load_per_task * SCHED_LOAD_SCALE);
if (max_load > tmp)
Speed up divides by cpu_power in scheduler I noticed expensive divides done in try_to_wakeup() and find_busiest_group() on a bi dual core Opteron machine (total of 4 cores), moderatly loaded (15.000 context switch per second) oprofile numbers : CPU: AMD64 processors, speed 2600.05 MHz (estimated) Counted CPU_CLK_UNHALTED events (Cycles outside of halt state) with a unit mask of 0x00 (No unit mask) count 50000 samples % symbol name ... 613914 1.0498 try_to_wake_up 834 0.0013 :ffffffff80227ae1: div %rcx 77513 0.1191 :ffffffff80227ae4: mov %rax,%r11 608893 1.0413 find_busiest_group 1841 0.0031 :ffffffff802260bf: div %rdi 140109 0.2394 :ffffffff802260c2: test %sil,%sil Some of these divides can use the reciprocal divides we introduced some time ago (currently used in slab AFAIK) We can assume a load will fit in a 32bits number, because with a SCHED_LOAD_SCALE=128 value, its still a theorical limit of 33554432 When/if we reach this limit one day, probably cpus will have a fast hardware divide and we can zap the reciprocal divide trick. Ingo suggested to rename cpu_power to __cpu_power to make clear it should not be modified without changing its reciprocal value too. I did not convert the divide in cpu_avg_load_per_task(), because tracking nr_running changes may be not worth it ? We could use a static table of 32 reciprocal values but it would add a conditional branch and table lookup. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: !SMP build fix] Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-08 15:32:57 +08:00
pwr_move += busiest->__cpu_power *
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
min(busiest_load_per_task, max_load - tmp);
/* Amount of load we'd add */
Speed up divides by cpu_power in scheduler I noticed expensive divides done in try_to_wakeup() and find_busiest_group() on a bi dual core Opteron machine (total of 4 cores), moderatly loaded (15.000 context switch per second) oprofile numbers : CPU: AMD64 processors, speed 2600.05 MHz (estimated) Counted CPU_CLK_UNHALTED events (Cycles outside of halt state) with a unit mask of 0x00 (No unit mask) count 50000 samples % symbol name ... 613914 1.0498 try_to_wake_up 834 0.0013 :ffffffff80227ae1: div %rcx 77513 0.1191 :ffffffff80227ae4: mov %rax,%r11 608893 1.0413 find_busiest_group 1841 0.0031 :ffffffff802260bf: div %rdi 140109 0.2394 :ffffffff802260c2: test %sil,%sil Some of these divides can use the reciprocal divides we introduced some time ago (currently used in slab AFAIK) We can assume a load will fit in a 32bits number, because with a SCHED_LOAD_SCALE=128 value, its still a theorical limit of 33554432 When/if we reach this limit one day, probably cpus will have a fast hardware divide and we can zap the reciprocal divide trick. Ingo suggested to rename cpu_power to __cpu_power to make clear it should not be modified without changing its reciprocal value too. I did not convert the divide in cpu_avg_load_per_task(), because tracking nr_running changes may be not worth it ? We could use a static table of 32 reciprocal values but it would add a conditional branch and table lookup. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: !SMP build fix] Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-08 15:32:57 +08:00
if (max_load * busiest->__cpu_power <
busiest_load_per_task * SCHED_LOAD_SCALE)
Speed up divides by cpu_power in scheduler I noticed expensive divides done in try_to_wakeup() and find_busiest_group() on a bi dual core Opteron machine (total of 4 cores), moderatly loaded (15.000 context switch per second) oprofile numbers : CPU: AMD64 processors, speed 2600.05 MHz (estimated) Counted CPU_CLK_UNHALTED events (Cycles outside of halt state) with a unit mask of 0x00 (No unit mask) count 50000 samples % symbol name ... 613914 1.0498 try_to_wake_up 834 0.0013 :ffffffff80227ae1: div %rcx 77513 0.1191 :ffffffff80227ae4: mov %rax,%r11 608893 1.0413 find_busiest_group 1841 0.0031 :ffffffff802260bf: div %rdi 140109 0.2394 :ffffffff802260c2: test %sil,%sil Some of these divides can use the reciprocal divides we introduced some time ago (currently used in slab AFAIK) We can assume a load will fit in a 32bits number, because with a SCHED_LOAD_SCALE=128 value, its still a theorical limit of 33554432 When/if we reach this limit one day, probably cpus will have a fast hardware divide and we can zap the reciprocal divide trick. Ingo suggested to rename cpu_power to __cpu_power to make clear it should not be modified without changing its reciprocal value too. I did not convert the divide in cpu_avg_load_per_task(), because tracking nr_running changes may be not worth it ? We could use a static table of 32 reciprocal values but it would add a conditional branch and table lookup. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: !SMP build fix] Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-08 15:32:57 +08:00
tmp = sg_div_cpu_power(this,
max_load * busiest->__cpu_power);
else
Speed up divides by cpu_power in scheduler I noticed expensive divides done in try_to_wakeup() and find_busiest_group() on a bi dual core Opteron machine (total of 4 cores), moderatly loaded (15.000 context switch per second) oprofile numbers : CPU: AMD64 processors, speed 2600.05 MHz (estimated) Counted CPU_CLK_UNHALTED events (Cycles outside of halt state) with a unit mask of 0x00 (No unit mask) count 50000 samples % symbol name ... 613914 1.0498 try_to_wake_up 834 0.0013 :ffffffff80227ae1: div %rcx 77513 0.1191 :ffffffff80227ae4: mov %rax,%r11 608893 1.0413 find_busiest_group 1841 0.0031 :ffffffff802260bf: div %rdi 140109 0.2394 :ffffffff802260c2: test %sil,%sil Some of these divides can use the reciprocal divides we introduced some time ago (currently used in slab AFAIK) We can assume a load will fit in a 32bits number, because with a SCHED_LOAD_SCALE=128 value, its still a theorical limit of 33554432 When/if we reach this limit one day, probably cpus will have a fast hardware divide and we can zap the reciprocal divide trick. Ingo suggested to rename cpu_power to __cpu_power to make clear it should not be modified without changing its reciprocal value too. I did not convert the divide in cpu_avg_load_per_task(), because tracking nr_running changes may be not worth it ? We could use a static table of 32 reciprocal values but it would add a conditional branch and table lookup. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: !SMP build fix] Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-08 15:32:57 +08:00
tmp = sg_div_cpu_power(this,
busiest_load_per_task * SCHED_LOAD_SCALE);
pwr_move += this->__cpu_power *
min(this_load_per_task, this_load + tmp);
pwr_move /= SCHED_LOAD_SCALE;
/* Move if we gain throughput */
if (pwr_move > pwr_now)
*imbalance = busiest_load_per_task;
}
return busiest;
out_balanced:
#if defined(CONFIG_SCHED_MC) || defined(CONFIG_SCHED_SMT)
if (idle == CPU_NOT_IDLE || !(sd->flags & SD_POWERSAVINGS_BALANCE))
goto ret;
if (this == group_leader && group_leader != group_min) {
*imbalance = min_load_per_task;
return group_min;
}
#endif
ret:
*imbalance = 0;
return NULL;
}
/*
* find_busiest_queue - find the busiest runqueue among the cpus in group.
*/
static struct rq *
find_busiest_queue(struct sched_group *group, enum cpu_idle_type idle,
unsigned long imbalance, const cpumask_t *cpus)
{
struct rq *busiest = NULL, *rq;
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
unsigned long max_load = 0;
int i;
for_each_cpu_mask(i, group->cpumask) {
unsigned long wl;
[PATCH] Fix longstanding load balancing bug in the scheduler The scheduler will stop load balancing if the most busy processor contains processes pinned via processor affinity. The scheduler currently only does one search for busiest cpu. If it cannot pull any tasks away from the busiest cpu because they were pinned then the scheduler goes into a corner and sulks leaving the idle processors idle. F.e. If you have processor 0 busy running four tasks pinned via taskset, there are none on processor 1 and one just started two processes on processor 2 then the scheduler will not move one of the two processes away from processor 2. This patch fixes that issue by forcing the scheduler to come out of its corner and retrying the load balancing by considering other processors for load balancing. This patch was originally developed by John Hawkes and discussed at http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=113901368523205&w=2. I have removed extraneous material and gone back to equipping struct rq with the cpu the queue is associated with since this makes the patch much easier and it is likely that others in the future will have the same difficulty of figuring out which processor owns which runqueue. The overhead added through these patches is a single word on the stack if the kernel is configured to support 32 cpus or less (32 bit). For 32 bit environments the maximum number of cpus that can be configued is 255 which would result in the use of 32 bytes additional on the stack. On IA64 up to 1k cpus can be configured which will result in the use of 128 additional bytes on the stack. The maximum additional cache footprint is one cacheline. Typically memory use will be much less than a cacheline and the additional cpumask will be placed on the stack in a cacheline that already contains other local variable. Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-09-26 14:30:51 +08:00
if (!cpu_isset(i, *cpus))
continue;
rq = cpu_rq(i);
wl = weighted_cpuload(i);
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
if (rq->nr_running == 1 && wl > imbalance)
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
continue;
if (wl > max_load) {
max_load = wl;
busiest = rq;
}
}
return busiest;
}
/*
* Max backoff if we encounter pinned tasks. Pretty arbitrary value, but
* so long as it is large enough.
*/
#define MAX_PINNED_INTERVAL 512
/*
* Check this_cpu to ensure it is balanced within domain. Attempt to move
* tasks if there is an imbalance.
*/
static int load_balance(int this_cpu, struct rq *this_rq,
struct sched_domain *sd, enum cpu_idle_type idle,
int *balance, cpumask_t *cpus)
{
sched: simplify move_tasks() The move_tasks() function is currently multiplexed with two distinct capabilities: 1. attempt to move a specified amount of weighted load from one run queue to another; and 2. attempt to move a specified number of tasks from one run queue to another. The first of these capabilities is used in two places, load_balance() and load_balance_idle(), and in both of these cases the return value of move_tasks() is used purely to decide if tasks/load were moved and no notice of the actual number of tasks moved is taken. The second capability is used in exactly one place, active_load_balance(), to attempt to move exactly one task and, as before, the return value is only used as an indicator of success or failure. This multiplexing of sched_task() was introduced, by me, as part of the smpnice patches and was motivated by the fact that the alternative, one function to move specified load and one to move a single task, would have led to two functions of roughly the same complexity as the old move_tasks() (or the new balance_tasks()). However, the new modular design of the new CFS scheduler allows a simpler solution to be adopted and this patch addresses that solution by: 1. adding a new function, move_one_task(), to be used by active_load_balance(); and 2. making move_tasks() a single purpose function that tries to move a specified weighted load and returns 1 for success and 0 for failure. One of the consequences of these changes is that neither move_one_task() or the new move_tasks() care how many tasks sched_class.load_balance() moves and this enables its interface to be simplified by returning the amount of load moved as its result and removing the load_moved pointer from the argument list. This helps simplify the new move_tasks() and slightly reduces the amount of work done in each of sched_class.load_balance()'s implementations. Further simplification, e.g. changes to balance_tasks(), are possible but (slightly) complicated by the special needs of load_balance_fair() so I've left them to a later patch (if this one gets accepted). NB Since move_tasks() gets called with two run queue locks held even small reductions in overhead are worthwhile. [ mingo@elte.hu ] this change also reduces code size nicely: text data bss dec hex filename 39216 3618 24 42858 a76a sched.o.before 39173 3618 24 42815 a73f sched.o.after Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-08-09 17:16:46 +08:00
int ld_moved, all_pinned = 0, active_balance = 0, sd_idle = 0;
struct sched_group *group;
unsigned long imbalance;
struct rq *busiest;
unsigned long flags;
cpus_setall(*cpus);
/*
* When power savings policy is enabled for the parent domain, idle
* sibling can pick up load irrespective of busy siblings. In this case,
* let the state of idle sibling percolate up as CPU_IDLE, instead of
* portraying it as CPU_NOT_IDLE.
*/
if (idle != CPU_NOT_IDLE && sd->flags & SD_SHARE_CPUPOWER &&
!test_sd_parent(sd, SD_POWERSAVINGS_BALANCE))
sd_idle = 1;
schedstat_inc(sd, lb_count[idle]);
[PATCH] Fix longstanding load balancing bug in the scheduler The scheduler will stop load balancing if the most busy processor contains processes pinned via processor affinity. The scheduler currently only does one search for busiest cpu. If it cannot pull any tasks away from the busiest cpu because they were pinned then the scheduler goes into a corner and sulks leaving the idle processors idle. F.e. If you have processor 0 busy running four tasks pinned via taskset, there are none on processor 1 and one just started two processes on processor 2 then the scheduler will not move one of the two processes away from processor 2. This patch fixes that issue by forcing the scheduler to come out of its corner and retrying the load balancing by considering other processors for load balancing. This patch was originally developed by John Hawkes and discussed at http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=113901368523205&w=2. I have removed extraneous material and gone back to equipping struct rq with the cpu the queue is associated with since this makes the patch much easier and it is likely that others in the future will have the same difficulty of figuring out which processor owns which runqueue. The overhead added through these patches is a single word on the stack if the kernel is configured to support 32 cpus or less (32 bit). For 32 bit environments the maximum number of cpus that can be configued is 255 which would result in the use of 32 bytes additional on the stack. On IA64 up to 1k cpus can be configured which will result in the use of 128 additional bytes on the stack. The maximum additional cache footprint is one cacheline. Typically memory use will be much less than a cacheline and the additional cpumask will be placed on the stack in a cacheline that already contains other local variable. Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-09-26 14:30:51 +08:00
redo:
update_shares(sd);
[PATCH] Fix longstanding load balancing bug in the scheduler The scheduler will stop load balancing if the most busy processor contains processes pinned via processor affinity. The scheduler currently only does one search for busiest cpu. If it cannot pull any tasks away from the busiest cpu because they were pinned then the scheduler goes into a corner and sulks leaving the idle processors idle. F.e. If you have processor 0 busy running four tasks pinned via taskset, there are none on processor 1 and one just started two processes on processor 2 then the scheduler will not move one of the two processes away from processor 2. This patch fixes that issue by forcing the scheduler to come out of its corner and retrying the load balancing by considering other processors for load balancing. This patch was originally developed by John Hawkes and discussed at http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=113901368523205&w=2. I have removed extraneous material and gone back to equipping struct rq with the cpu the queue is associated with since this makes the patch much easier and it is likely that others in the future will have the same difficulty of figuring out which processor owns which runqueue. The overhead added through these patches is a single word on the stack if the kernel is configured to support 32 cpus or less (32 bit). For 32 bit environments the maximum number of cpus that can be configued is 255 which would result in the use of 32 bytes additional on the stack. On IA64 up to 1k cpus can be configured which will result in the use of 128 additional bytes on the stack. The maximum additional cache footprint is one cacheline. Typically memory use will be much less than a cacheline and the additional cpumask will be placed on the stack in a cacheline that already contains other local variable. Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-09-26 14:30:51 +08:00
group = find_busiest_group(sd, this_cpu, &imbalance, idle, &sd_idle,
cpus, balance);
if (*balance == 0)
goto out_balanced;
if (!group) {
schedstat_inc(sd, lb_nobusyg[idle]);
goto out_balanced;
}
busiest = find_busiest_queue(group, idle, imbalance, cpus);
if (!busiest) {
schedstat_inc(sd, lb_nobusyq[idle]);
goto out_balanced;
}
BUG_ON(busiest == this_rq);
schedstat_add(sd, lb_imbalance[idle], imbalance);
sched: simplify move_tasks() The move_tasks() function is currently multiplexed with two distinct capabilities: 1. attempt to move a specified amount of weighted load from one run queue to another; and 2. attempt to move a specified number of tasks from one run queue to another. The first of these capabilities is used in two places, load_balance() and load_balance_idle(), and in both of these cases the return value of move_tasks() is used purely to decide if tasks/load were moved and no notice of the actual number of tasks moved is taken. The second capability is used in exactly one place, active_load_balance(), to attempt to move exactly one task and, as before, the return value is only used as an indicator of success or failure. This multiplexing of sched_task() was introduced, by me, as part of the smpnice patches and was motivated by the fact that the alternative, one function to move specified load and one to move a single task, would have led to two functions of roughly the same complexity as the old move_tasks() (or the new balance_tasks()). However, the new modular design of the new CFS scheduler allows a simpler solution to be adopted and this patch addresses that solution by: 1. adding a new function, move_one_task(), to be used by active_load_balance(); and 2. making move_tasks() a single purpose function that tries to move a specified weighted load and returns 1 for success and 0 for failure. One of the consequences of these changes is that neither move_one_task() or the new move_tasks() care how many tasks sched_class.load_balance() moves and this enables its interface to be simplified by returning the amount of load moved as its result and removing the load_moved pointer from the argument list. This helps simplify the new move_tasks() and slightly reduces the amount of work done in each of sched_class.load_balance()'s implementations. Further simplification, e.g. changes to balance_tasks(), are possible but (slightly) complicated by the special needs of load_balance_fair() so I've left them to a later patch (if this one gets accepted). NB Since move_tasks() gets called with two run queue locks held even small reductions in overhead are worthwhile. [ mingo@elte.hu ] this change also reduces code size nicely: text data bss dec hex filename 39216 3618 24 42858 a76a sched.o.before 39173 3618 24 42815 a73f sched.o.after Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-08-09 17:16:46 +08:00
ld_moved = 0;
if (busiest->nr_running > 1) {
/*
* Attempt to move tasks. If find_busiest_group has found
* an imbalance but busiest->nr_running <= 1, the group is
sched: simplify move_tasks() The move_tasks() function is currently multiplexed with two distinct capabilities: 1. attempt to move a specified amount of weighted load from one run queue to another; and 2. attempt to move a specified number of tasks from one run queue to another. The first of these capabilities is used in two places, load_balance() and load_balance_idle(), and in both of these cases the return value of move_tasks() is used purely to decide if tasks/load were moved and no notice of the actual number of tasks moved is taken. The second capability is used in exactly one place, active_load_balance(), to attempt to move exactly one task and, as before, the return value is only used as an indicator of success or failure. This multiplexing of sched_task() was introduced, by me, as part of the smpnice patches and was motivated by the fact that the alternative, one function to move specified load and one to move a single task, would have led to two functions of roughly the same complexity as the old move_tasks() (or the new balance_tasks()). However, the new modular design of the new CFS scheduler allows a simpler solution to be adopted and this patch addresses that solution by: 1. adding a new function, move_one_task(), to be used by active_load_balance(); and 2. making move_tasks() a single purpose function that tries to move a specified weighted load and returns 1 for success and 0 for failure. One of the consequences of these changes is that neither move_one_task() or the new move_tasks() care how many tasks sched_class.load_balance() moves and this enables its interface to be simplified by returning the amount of load moved as its result and removing the load_moved pointer from the argument list. This helps simplify the new move_tasks() and slightly reduces the amount of work done in each of sched_class.load_balance()'s implementations. Further simplification, e.g. changes to balance_tasks(), are possible but (slightly) complicated by the special needs of load_balance_fair() so I've left them to a later patch (if this one gets accepted). NB Since move_tasks() gets called with two run queue locks held even small reductions in overhead are worthwhile. [ mingo@elte.hu ] this change also reduces code size nicely: text data bss dec hex filename 39216 3618 24 42858 a76a sched.o.before 39173 3618 24 42815 a73f sched.o.after Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-08-09 17:16:46 +08:00
* still unbalanced. ld_moved simply stays zero, so it is
* correctly treated as an imbalance.
*/
local_irq_save(flags);
double_rq_lock(this_rq, busiest);
sched: simplify move_tasks() The move_tasks() function is currently multiplexed with two distinct capabilities: 1. attempt to move a specified amount of weighted load from one run queue to another; and 2. attempt to move a specified number of tasks from one run queue to another. The first of these capabilities is used in two places, load_balance() and load_balance_idle(), and in both of these cases the return value of move_tasks() is used purely to decide if tasks/load were moved and no notice of the actual number of tasks moved is taken. The second capability is used in exactly one place, active_load_balance(), to attempt to move exactly one task and, as before, the return value is only used as an indicator of success or failure. This multiplexing of sched_task() was introduced, by me, as part of the smpnice patches and was motivated by the fact that the alternative, one function to move specified load and one to move a single task, would have led to two functions of roughly the same complexity as the old move_tasks() (or the new balance_tasks()). However, the new modular design of the new CFS scheduler allows a simpler solution to be adopted and this patch addresses that solution by: 1. adding a new function, move_one_task(), to be used by active_load_balance(); and 2. making move_tasks() a single purpose function that tries to move a specified weighted load and returns 1 for success and 0 for failure. One of the consequences of these changes is that neither move_one_task() or the new move_tasks() care how many tasks sched_class.load_balance() moves and this enables its interface to be simplified by returning the amount of load moved as its result and removing the load_moved pointer from the argument list. This helps simplify the new move_tasks() and slightly reduces the amount of work done in each of sched_class.load_balance()'s implementations. Further simplification, e.g. changes to balance_tasks(), are possible but (slightly) complicated by the special needs of load_balance_fair() so I've left them to a later patch (if this one gets accepted). NB Since move_tasks() gets called with two run queue locks held even small reductions in overhead are worthwhile. [ mingo@elte.hu ] this change also reduces code size nicely: text data bss dec hex filename 39216 3618 24 42858 a76a sched.o.before 39173 3618 24 42815 a73f sched.o.after Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-08-09 17:16:46 +08:00
ld_moved = move_tasks(this_rq, this_cpu, busiest,
imbalance, sd, idle, &all_pinned);
double_rq_unlock(this_rq, busiest);
local_irq_restore(flags);
/*
* some other cpu did the load balance for us.
*/
sched: simplify move_tasks() The move_tasks() function is currently multiplexed with two distinct capabilities: 1. attempt to move a specified amount of weighted load from one run queue to another; and 2. attempt to move a specified number of tasks from one run queue to another. The first of these capabilities is used in two places, load_balance() and load_balance_idle(), and in both of these cases the return value of move_tasks() is used purely to decide if tasks/load were moved and no notice of the actual number of tasks moved is taken. The second capability is used in exactly one place, active_load_balance(), to attempt to move exactly one task and, as before, the return value is only used as an indicator of success or failure. This multiplexing of sched_task() was introduced, by me, as part of the smpnice patches and was motivated by the fact that the alternative, one function to move specified load and one to move a single task, would have led to two functions of roughly the same complexity as the old move_tasks() (or the new balance_tasks()). However, the new modular design of the new CFS scheduler allows a simpler solution to be adopted and this patch addresses that solution by: 1. adding a new function, move_one_task(), to be used by active_load_balance(); and 2. making move_tasks() a single purpose function that tries to move a specified weighted load and returns 1 for success and 0 for failure. One of the consequences of these changes is that neither move_one_task() or the new move_tasks() care how many tasks sched_class.load_balance() moves and this enables its interface to be simplified by returning the amount of load moved as its result and removing the load_moved pointer from the argument list. This helps simplify the new move_tasks() and slightly reduces the amount of work done in each of sched_class.load_balance()'s implementations. Further simplification, e.g. changes to balance_tasks(), are possible but (slightly) complicated by the special needs of load_balance_fair() so I've left them to a later patch (if this one gets accepted). NB Since move_tasks() gets called with two run queue locks held even small reductions in overhead are worthwhile. [ mingo@elte.hu ] this change also reduces code size nicely: text data bss dec hex filename 39216 3618 24 42858 a76a sched.o.before 39173 3618 24 42815 a73f sched.o.after Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-08-09 17:16:46 +08:00
if (ld_moved && this_cpu != smp_processor_id())
resched_cpu(this_cpu);
/* All tasks on this runqueue were pinned by CPU affinity */
[PATCH] Fix longstanding load balancing bug in the scheduler The scheduler will stop load balancing if the most busy processor contains processes pinned via processor affinity. The scheduler currently only does one search for busiest cpu. If it cannot pull any tasks away from the busiest cpu because they were pinned then the scheduler goes into a corner and sulks leaving the idle processors idle. F.e. If you have processor 0 busy running four tasks pinned via taskset, there are none on processor 1 and one just started two processes on processor 2 then the scheduler will not move one of the two processes away from processor 2. This patch fixes that issue by forcing the scheduler to come out of its corner and retrying the load balancing by considering other processors for load balancing. This patch was originally developed by John Hawkes and discussed at http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=113901368523205&w=2. I have removed extraneous material and gone back to equipping struct rq with the cpu the queue is associated with since this makes the patch much easier and it is likely that others in the future will have the same difficulty of figuring out which processor owns which runqueue. The overhead added through these patches is a single word on the stack if the kernel is configured to support 32 cpus or less (32 bit). For 32 bit environments the maximum number of cpus that can be configued is 255 which would result in the use of 32 bytes additional on the stack. On IA64 up to 1k cpus can be configured which will result in the use of 128 additional bytes on the stack. The maximum additional cache footprint is one cacheline. Typically memory use will be much less than a cacheline and the additional cpumask will be placed on the stack in a cacheline that already contains other local variable. Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-09-26 14:30:51 +08:00
if (unlikely(all_pinned)) {
cpu_clear(cpu_of(busiest), *cpus);
if (!cpus_empty(*cpus))
[PATCH] Fix longstanding load balancing bug in the scheduler The scheduler will stop load balancing if the most busy processor contains processes pinned via processor affinity. The scheduler currently only does one search for busiest cpu. If it cannot pull any tasks away from the busiest cpu because they were pinned then the scheduler goes into a corner and sulks leaving the idle processors idle. F.e. If you have processor 0 busy running four tasks pinned via taskset, there are none on processor 1 and one just started two processes on processor 2 then the scheduler will not move one of the two processes away from processor 2. This patch fixes that issue by forcing the scheduler to come out of its corner and retrying the load balancing by considering other processors for load balancing. This patch was originally developed by John Hawkes and discussed at http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=113901368523205&w=2. I have removed extraneous material and gone back to equipping struct rq with the cpu the queue is associated with since this makes the patch much easier and it is likely that others in the future will have the same difficulty of figuring out which processor owns which runqueue. The overhead added through these patches is a single word on the stack if the kernel is configured to support 32 cpus or less (32 bit). For 32 bit environments the maximum number of cpus that can be configued is 255 which would result in the use of 32 bytes additional on the stack. On IA64 up to 1k cpus can be configured which will result in the use of 128 additional bytes on the stack. The maximum additional cache footprint is one cacheline. Typically memory use will be much less than a cacheline and the additional cpumask will be placed on the stack in a cacheline that already contains other local variable. Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-09-26 14:30:51 +08:00
goto redo;
goto out_balanced;
[PATCH] Fix longstanding load balancing bug in the scheduler The scheduler will stop load balancing if the most busy processor contains processes pinned via processor affinity. The scheduler currently only does one search for busiest cpu. If it cannot pull any tasks away from the busiest cpu because they were pinned then the scheduler goes into a corner and sulks leaving the idle processors idle. F.e. If you have processor 0 busy running four tasks pinned via taskset, there are none on processor 1 and one just started two processes on processor 2 then the scheduler will not move one of the two processes away from processor 2. This patch fixes that issue by forcing the scheduler to come out of its corner and retrying the load balancing by considering other processors for load balancing. This patch was originally developed by John Hawkes and discussed at http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=113901368523205&w=2. I have removed extraneous material and gone back to equipping struct rq with the cpu the queue is associated with since this makes the patch much easier and it is likely that others in the future will have the same difficulty of figuring out which processor owns which runqueue. The overhead added through these patches is a single word on the stack if the kernel is configured to support 32 cpus or less (32 bit). For 32 bit environments the maximum number of cpus that can be configued is 255 which would result in the use of 32 bytes additional on the stack. On IA64 up to 1k cpus can be configured which will result in the use of 128 additional bytes on the stack. The maximum additional cache footprint is one cacheline. Typically memory use will be much less than a cacheline and the additional cpumask will be placed on the stack in a cacheline that already contains other local variable. Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-09-26 14:30:51 +08:00
}
}
sched: simplify move_tasks() The move_tasks() function is currently multiplexed with two distinct capabilities: 1. attempt to move a specified amount of weighted load from one run queue to another; and 2. attempt to move a specified number of tasks from one run queue to another. The first of these capabilities is used in two places, load_balance() and load_balance_idle(), and in both of these cases the return value of move_tasks() is used purely to decide if tasks/load were moved and no notice of the actual number of tasks moved is taken. The second capability is used in exactly one place, active_load_balance(), to attempt to move exactly one task and, as before, the return value is only used as an indicator of success or failure. This multiplexing of sched_task() was introduced, by me, as part of the smpnice patches and was motivated by the fact that the alternative, one function to move specified load and one to move a single task, would have led to two functions of roughly the same complexity as the old move_tasks() (or the new balance_tasks()). However, the new modular design of the new CFS scheduler allows a simpler solution to be adopted and this patch addresses that solution by: 1. adding a new function, move_one_task(), to be used by active_load_balance(); and 2. making move_tasks() a single purpose function that tries to move a specified weighted load and returns 1 for success and 0 for failure. One of the consequences of these changes is that neither move_one_task() or the new move_tasks() care how many tasks sched_class.load_balance() moves and this enables its interface to be simplified by returning the amount of load moved as its result and removing the load_moved pointer from the argument list. This helps simplify the new move_tasks() and slightly reduces the amount of work done in each of sched_class.load_balance()'s implementations. Further simplification, e.g. changes to balance_tasks(), are possible but (slightly) complicated by the special needs of load_balance_fair() so I've left them to a later patch (if this one gets accepted). NB Since move_tasks() gets called with two run queue locks held even small reductions in overhead are worthwhile. [ mingo@elte.hu ] this change also reduces code size nicely: text data bss dec hex filename 39216 3618 24 42858 a76a sched.o.before 39173 3618 24 42815 a73f sched.o.after Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-08-09 17:16:46 +08:00
if (!ld_moved) {
schedstat_inc(sd, lb_failed[idle]);
sd->nr_balance_failed++;
if (unlikely(sd->nr_balance_failed > sd->cache_nice_tries+2)) {
spin_lock_irqsave(&busiest->lock, flags);
/* don't kick the migration_thread, if the curr
* task on busiest cpu can't be moved to this_cpu
*/
if (!cpu_isset(this_cpu, busiest->curr->cpus_allowed)) {
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&busiest->lock, flags);
all_pinned = 1;
goto out_one_pinned;
}
if (!busiest->active_balance) {
busiest->active_balance = 1;
busiest->push_cpu = this_cpu;
active_balance = 1;
}
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&busiest->lock, flags);
if (active_balance)
wake_up_process(busiest->migration_thread);
/*
* We've kicked active balancing, reset the failure
* counter.
*/
sd->nr_balance_failed = sd->cache_nice_tries+1;
}
} else
sd->nr_balance_failed = 0;
if (likely(!active_balance)) {
/* We were unbalanced, so reset the balancing interval */
sd->balance_interval = sd->min_interval;
} else {
/*
* If we've begun active balancing, start to back off. This
* case may not be covered by the all_pinned logic if there
* is only 1 task on the busy runqueue (because we don't call
* move_tasks).
*/
if (sd->balance_interval < sd->max_interval)
sd->balance_interval *= 2;
}
sched: simplify move_tasks() The move_tasks() function is currently multiplexed with two distinct capabilities: 1. attempt to move a specified amount of weighted load from one run queue to another; and 2. attempt to move a specified number of tasks from one run queue to another. The first of these capabilities is used in two places, load_balance() and load_balance_idle(), and in both of these cases the return value of move_tasks() is used purely to decide if tasks/load were moved and no notice of the actual number of tasks moved is taken. The second capability is used in exactly one place, active_load_balance(), to attempt to move exactly one task and, as before, the return value is only used as an indicator of success or failure. This multiplexing of sched_task() was introduced, by me, as part of the smpnice patches and was motivated by the fact that the alternative, one function to move specified load and one to move a single task, would have led to two functions of roughly the same complexity as the old move_tasks() (or the new balance_tasks()). However, the new modular design of the new CFS scheduler allows a simpler solution to be adopted and this patch addresses that solution by: 1. adding a new function, move_one_task(), to be used by active_load_balance(); and 2. making move_tasks() a single purpose function that tries to move a specified weighted load and returns 1 for success and 0 for failure. One of the consequences of these changes is that neither move_one_task() or the new move_tasks() care how many tasks sched_class.load_balance() moves and this enables its interface to be simplified by returning the amount of load moved as its result and removing the load_moved pointer from the argument list. This helps simplify the new move_tasks() and slightly reduces the amount of work done in each of sched_class.load_balance()'s implementations. Further simplification, e.g. changes to balance_tasks(), are possible but (slightly) complicated by the special needs of load_balance_fair() so I've left them to a later patch (if this one gets accepted). NB Since move_tasks() gets called with two run queue locks held even small reductions in overhead are worthwhile. [ mingo@elte.hu ] this change also reduces code size nicely: text data bss dec hex filename 39216 3618 24 42858 a76a sched.o.before 39173 3618 24 42815 a73f sched.o.after Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-08-09 17:16:46 +08:00
if (!ld_moved && !sd_idle && sd->flags & SD_SHARE_CPUPOWER &&
!test_sd_parent(sd, SD_POWERSAVINGS_BALANCE))
ld_moved = -1;
goto out;
out_balanced:
schedstat_inc(sd, lb_balanced[idle]);
sd->nr_balance_failed = 0;
out_one_pinned:
/* tune up the balancing interval */
if ((all_pinned && sd->balance_interval < MAX_PINNED_INTERVAL) ||
(sd->balance_interval < sd->max_interval))
sd->balance_interval *= 2;
if (!sd_idle && sd->flags & SD_SHARE_CPUPOWER &&
!test_sd_parent(sd, SD_POWERSAVINGS_BALANCE))
ld_moved = -1;
else
ld_moved = 0;
out:
if (ld_moved)
update_shares(sd);
return ld_moved;
}
/*
* Check this_cpu to ensure it is balanced within domain. Attempt to move
* tasks if there is an imbalance.
*
* Called from schedule when this_rq is about to become idle (CPU_NEWLY_IDLE).
* this_rq is locked.
*/
static int
load_balance_newidle(int this_cpu, struct rq *this_rq, struct sched_domain *sd,
cpumask_t *cpus)
{
struct sched_group *group;
struct rq *busiest = NULL;
unsigned long imbalance;
sched: simplify move_tasks() The move_tasks() function is currently multiplexed with two distinct capabilities: 1. attempt to move a specified amount of weighted load from one run queue to another; and 2. attempt to move a specified number of tasks from one run queue to another. The first of these capabilities is used in two places, load_balance() and load_balance_idle(), and in both of these cases the return value of move_tasks() is used purely to decide if tasks/load were moved and no notice of the actual number of tasks moved is taken. The second capability is used in exactly one place, active_load_balance(), to attempt to move exactly one task and, as before, the return value is only used as an indicator of success or failure. This multiplexing of sched_task() was introduced, by me, as part of the smpnice patches and was motivated by the fact that the alternative, one function to move specified load and one to move a single task, would have led to two functions of roughly the same complexity as the old move_tasks() (or the new balance_tasks()). However, the new modular design of the new CFS scheduler allows a simpler solution to be adopted and this patch addresses that solution by: 1. adding a new function, move_one_task(), to be used by active_load_balance(); and 2. making move_tasks() a single purpose function that tries to move a specified weighted load and returns 1 for success and 0 for failure. One of the consequences of these changes is that neither move_one_task() or the new move_tasks() care how many tasks sched_class.load_balance() moves and this enables its interface to be simplified by returning the amount of load moved as its result and removing the load_moved pointer from the argument list. This helps simplify the new move_tasks() and slightly reduces the amount of work done in each of sched_class.load_balance()'s implementations. Further simplification, e.g. changes to balance_tasks(), are possible but (slightly) complicated by the special needs of load_balance_fair() so I've left them to a later patch (if this one gets accepted). NB Since move_tasks() gets called with two run queue locks held even small reductions in overhead are worthwhile. [ mingo@elte.hu ] this change also reduces code size nicely: text data bss dec hex filename 39216 3618 24 42858 a76a sched.o.before 39173 3618 24 42815 a73f sched.o.after Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-08-09 17:16:46 +08:00
int ld_moved = 0;
int sd_idle = 0;
int all_pinned = 0;
cpus_setall(*cpus);
/*
* When power savings policy is enabled for the parent domain, idle
* sibling can pick up load irrespective of busy siblings. In this case,
* let the state of idle sibling percolate up as IDLE, instead of
* portraying it as CPU_NOT_IDLE.
*/
if (sd->flags & SD_SHARE_CPUPOWER &&
!test_sd_parent(sd, SD_POWERSAVINGS_BALANCE))
sd_idle = 1;
schedstat_inc(sd, lb_count[CPU_NEWLY_IDLE]);
[PATCH] Fix longstanding load balancing bug in the scheduler The scheduler will stop load balancing if the most busy processor contains processes pinned via processor affinity. The scheduler currently only does one search for busiest cpu. If it cannot pull any tasks away from the busiest cpu because they were pinned then the scheduler goes into a corner and sulks leaving the idle processors idle. F.e. If you have processor 0 busy running four tasks pinned via taskset, there are none on processor 1 and one just started two processes on processor 2 then the scheduler will not move one of the two processes away from processor 2. This patch fixes that issue by forcing the scheduler to come out of its corner and retrying the load balancing by considering other processors for load balancing. This patch was originally developed by John Hawkes and discussed at http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=113901368523205&w=2. I have removed extraneous material and gone back to equipping struct rq with the cpu the queue is associated with since this makes the patch much easier and it is likely that others in the future will have the same difficulty of figuring out which processor owns which runqueue. The overhead added through these patches is a single word on the stack if the kernel is configured to support 32 cpus or less (32 bit). For 32 bit environments the maximum number of cpus that can be configued is 255 which would result in the use of 32 bytes additional on the stack. On IA64 up to 1k cpus can be configured which will result in the use of 128 additional bytes on the stack. The maximum additional cache footprint is one cacheline. Typically memory use will be much less than a cacheline and the additional cpumask will be placed on the stack in a cacheline that already contains other local variable. Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-09-26 14:30:51 +08:00
redo:
update_shares_locked(this_rq, sd);
group = find_busiest_group(sd, this_cpu, &imbalance, CPU_NEWLY_IDLE,
&sd_idle, cpus, NULL);
if (!group) {
schedstat_inc(sd, lb_nobusyg[CPU_NEWLY_IDLE]);
goto out_balanced;
}
busiest = find_busiest_queue(group, CPU_NEWLY_IDLE, imbalance, cpus);
if (!busiest) {
schedstat_inc(sd, lb_nobusyq[CPU_NEWLY_IDLE]);
goto out_balanced;
}
BUG_ON(busiest == this_rq);
schedstat_add(sd, lb_imbalance[CPU_NEWLY_IDLE], imbalance);
sched: simplify move_tasks() The move_tasks() function is currently multiplexed with two distinct capabilities: 1. attempt to move a specified amount of weighted load from one run queue to another; and 2. attempt to move a specified number of tasks from one run queue to another. The first of these capabilities is used in two places, load_balance() and load_balance_idle(), and in both of these cases the return value of move_tasks() is used purely to decide if tasks/load were moved and no notice of the actual number of tasks moved is taken. The second capability is used in exactly one place, active_load_balance(), to attempt to move exactly one task and, as before, the return value is only used as an indicator of success or failure. This multiplexing of sched_task() was introduced, by me, as part of the smpnice patches and was motivated by the fact that the alternative, one function to move specified load and one to move a single task, would have led to two functions of roughly the same complexity as the old move_tasks() (or the new balance_tasks()). However, the new modular design of the new CFS scheduler allows a simpler solution to be adopted and this patch addresses that solution by: 1. adding a new function, move_one_task(), to be used by active_load_balance(); and 2. making move_tasks() a single purpose function that tries to move a specified weighted load and returns 1 for success and 0 for failure. One of the consequences of these changes is that neither move_one_task() or the new move_tasks() care how many tasks sched_class.load_balance() moves and this enables its interface to be simplified by returning the amount of load moved as its result and removing the load_moved pointer from the argument list. This helps simplify the new move_tasks() and slightly reduces the amount of work done in each of sched_class.load_balance()'s implementations. Further simplification, e.g. changes to balance_tasks(), are possible but (slightly) complicated by the special needs of load_balance_fair() so I've left them to a later patch (if this one gets accepted). NB Since move_tasks() gets called with two run queue locks held even small reductions in overhead are worthwhile. [ mingo@elte.hu ] this change also reduces code size nicely: text data bss dec hex filename 39216 3618 24 42858 a76a sched.o.before 39173 3618 24 42815 a73f sched.o.after Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-08-09 17:16:46 +08:00
ld_moved = 0;
if (busiest->nr_running > 1) {
/* Attempt to move tasks */
double_lock_balance(this_rq, busiest);
/* this_rq->clock is already updated */
update_rq_clock(busiest);
sched: simplify move_tasks() The move_tasks() function is currently multiplexed with two distinct capabilities: 1. attempt to move a specified amount of weighted load from one run queue to another; and 2. attempt to move a specified number of tasks from one run queue to another. The first of these capabilities is used in two places, load_balance() and load_balance_idle(), and in both of these cases the return value of move_tasks() is used purely to decide if tasks/load were moved and no notice of the actual number of tasks moved is taken. The second capability is used in exactly one place, active_load_balance(), to attempt to move exactly one task and, as before, the return value is only used as an indicator of success or failure. This multiplexing of sched_task() was introduced, by me, as part of the smpnice patches and was motivated by the fact that the alternative, one function to move specified load and one to move a single task, would have led to two functions of roughly the same complexity as the old move_tasks() (or the new balance_tasks()). However, the new modular design of the new CFS scheduler allows a simpler solution to be adopted and this patch addresses that solution by: 1. adding a new function, move_one_task(), to be used by active_load_balance(); and 2. making move_tasks() a single purpose function that tries to move a specified weighted load and returns 1 for success and 0 for failure. One of the consequences of these changes is that neither move_one_task() or the new move_tasks() care how many tasks sched_class.load_balance() moves and this enables its interface to be simplified by returning the amount of load moved as its result and removing the load_moved pointer from the argument list. This helps simplify the new move_tasks() and slightly reduces the amount of work done in each of sched_class.load_balance()'s implementations. Further simplification, e.g. changes to balance_tasks(), are possible but (slightly) complicated by the special needs of load_balance_fair() so I've left them to a later patch (if this one gets accepted). NB Since move_tasks() gets called with two run queue locks held even small reductions in overhead are worthwhile. [ mingo@elte.hu ] this change also reduces code size nicely: text data bss dec hex filename 39216 3618 24 42858 a76a sched.o.before 39173 3618 24 42815 a73f sched.o.after Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-08-09 17:16:46 +08:00
ld_moved = move_tasks(this_rq, this_cpu, busiest,
imbalance, sd, CPU_NEWLY_IDLE,
&all_pinned);
spin_unlock(&busiest->lock);
[PATCH] Fix longstanding load balancing bug in the scheduler The scheduler will stop load balancing if the most busy processor contains processes pinned via processor affinity. The scheduler currently only does one search for busiest cpu. If it cannot pull any tasks away from the busiest cpu because they were pinned then the scheduler goes into a corner and sulks leaving the idle processors idle. F.e. If you have processor 0 busy running four tasks pinned via taskset, there are none on processor 1 and one just started two processes on processor 2 then the scheduler will not move one of the two processes away from processor 2. This patch fixes that issue by forcing the scheduler to come out of its corner and retrying the load balancing by considering other processors for load balancing. This patch was originally developed by John Hawkes and discussed at http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=113901368523205&w=2. I have removed extraneous material and gone back to equipping struct rq with the cpu the queue is associated with since this makes the patch much easier and it is likely that others in the future will have the same difficulty of figuring out which processor owns which runqueue. The overhead added through these patches is a single word on the stack if the kernel is configured to support 32 cpus or less (32 bit). For 32 bit environments the maximum number of cpus that can be configued is 255 which would result in the use of 32 bytes additional on the stack. On IA64 up to 1k cpus can be configured which will result in the use of 128 additional bytes on the stack. The maximum additional cache footprint is one cacheline. Typically memory use will be much less than a cacheline and the additional cpumask will be placed on the stack in a cacheline that already contains other local variable. Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-09-26 14:30:51 +08:00
if (unlikely(all_pinned)) {
cpu_clear(cpu_of(busiest), *cpus);
if (!cpus_empty(*cpus))
[PATCH] Fix longstanding load balancing bug in the scheduler The scheduler will stop load balancing if the most busy processor contains processes pinned via processor affinity. The scheduler currently only does one search for busiest cpu. If it cannot pull any tasks away from the busiest cpu because they were pinned then the scheduler goes into a corner and sulks leaving the idle processors idle. F.e. If you have processor 0 busy running four tasks pinned via taskset, there are none on processor 1 and one just started two processes on processor 2 then the scheduler will not move one of the two processes away from processor 2. This patch fixes that issue by forcing the scheduler to come out of its corner and retrying the load balancing by considering other processors for load balancing. This patch was originally developed by John Hawkes and discussed at http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=113901368523205&w=2. I have removed extraneous material and gone back to equipping struct rq with the cpu the queue is associated with since this makes the patch much easier and it is likely that others in the future will have the same difficulty of figuring out which processor owns which runqueue. The overhead added through these patches is a single word on the stack if the kernel is configured to support 32 cpus or less (32 bit). For 32 bit environments the maximum number of cpus that can be configued is 255 which would result in the use of 32 bytes additional on the stack. On IA64 up to 1k cpus can be configured which will result in the use of 128 additional bytes on the stack. The maximum additional cache footprint is one cacheline. Typically memory use will be much less than a cacheline and the additional cpumask will be placed on the stack in a cacheline that already contains other local variable. Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-09-26 14:30:51 +08:00
goto redo;
}
}
sched: simplify move_tasks() The move_tasks() function is currently multiplexed with two distinct capabilities: 1. attempt to move a specified amount of weighted load from one run queue to another; and 2. attempt to move a specified number of tasks from one run queue to another. The first of these capabilities is used in two places, load_balance() and load_balance_idle(), and in both of these cases the return value of move_tasks() is used purely to decide if tasks/load were moved and no notice of the actual number of tasks moved is taken. The second capability is used in exactly one place, active_load_balance(), to attempt to move exactly one task and, as before, the return value is only used as an indicator of success or failure. This multiplexing of sched_task() was introduced, by me, as part of the smpnice patches and was motivated by the fact that the alternative, one function to move specified load and one to move a single task, would have led to two functions of roughly the same complexity as the old move_tasks() (or the new balance_tasks()). However, the new modular design of the new CFS scheduler allows a simpler solution to be adopted and this patch addresses that solution by: 1. adding a new function, move_one_task(), to be used by active_load_balance(); and 2. making move_tasks() a single purpose function that tries to move a specified weighted load and returns 1 for success and 0 for failure. One of the consequences of these changes is that neither move_one_task() or the new move_tasks() care how many tasks sched_class.load_balance() moves and this enables its interface to be simplified by returning the amount of load moved as its result and removing the load_moved pointer from the argument list. This helps simplify the new move_tasks() and slightly reduces the amount of work done in each of sched_class.load_balance()'s implementations. Further simplification, e.g. changes to balance_tasks(), are possible but (slightly) complicated by the special needs of load_balance_fair() so I've left them to a later patch (if this one gets accepted). NB Since move_tasks() gets called with two run queue locks held even small reductions in overhead are worthwhile. [ mingo@elte.hu ] this change also reduces code size nicely: text data bss dec hex filename 39216 3618 24 42858 a76a sched.o.before 39173 3618 24 42815 a73f sched.o.after Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-08-09 17:16:46 +08:00
if (!ld_moved) {
schedstat_inc(sd, lb_failed[CPU_NEWLY_IDLE]);
if (!sd_idle && sd->flags & SD_SHARE_CPUPOWER &&
!test_sd_parent(sd, SD_POWERSAVINGS_BALANCE))
return -1;
} else
sd->nr_balance_failed = 0;
update_shares_locked(this_rq, sd);
sched: simplify move_tasks() The move_tasks() function is currently multiplexed with two distinct capabilities: 1. attempt to move a specified amount of weighted load from one run queue to another; and 2. attempt to move a specified number of tasks from one run queue to another. The first of these capabilities is used in two places, load_balance() and load_balance_idle(), and in both of these cases the return value of move_tasks() is used purely to decide if tasks/load were moved and no notice of the actual number of tasks moved is taken. The second capability is used in exactly one place, active_load_balance(), to attempt to move exactly one task and, as before, the return value is only used as an indicator of success or failure. This multiplexing of sched_task() was introduced, by me, as part of the smpnice patches and was motivated by the fact that the alternative, one function to move specified load and one to move a single task, would have led to two functions of roughly the same complexity as the old move_tasks() (or the new balance_tasks()). However, the new modular design of the new CFS scheduler allows a simpler solution to be adopted and this patch addresses that solution by: 1. adding a new function, move_one_task(), to be used by active_load_balance(); and 2. making move_tasks() a single purpose function that tries to move a specified weighted load and returns 1 for success and 0 for failure. One of the consequences of these changes is that neither move_one_task() or the new move_tasks() care how many tasks sched_class.load_balance() moves and this enables its interface to be simplified by returning the amount of load moved as its result and removing the load_moved pointer from the argument list. This helps simplify the new move_tasks() and slightly reduces the amount of work done in each of sched_class.load_balance()'s implementations. Further simplification, e.g. changes to balance_tasks(), are possible but (slightly) complicated by the special needs of load_balance_fair() so I've left them to a later patch (if this one gets accepted). NB Since move_tasks() gets called with two run queue locks held even small reductions in overhead are worthwhile. [ mingo@elte.hu ] this change also reduces code size nicely: text data bss dec hex filename 39216 3618 24 42858 a76a sched.o.before 39173 3618 24 42815 a73f sched.o.after Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-08-09 17:16:46 +08:00
return ld_moved;
out_balanced:
schedstat_inc(sd, lb_balanced[CPU_NEWLY_IDLE]);
if (!sd_idle && sd->flags & SD_SHARE_CPUPOWER &&
!test_sd_parent(sd, SD_POWERSAVINGS_BALANCE))
return -1;
sd->nr_balance_failed = 0;
return 0;
}
/*
* idle_balance is called by schedule() if this_cpu is about to become
* idle. Attempts to pull tasks from other CPUs.
*/
static void idle_balance(int this_cpu, struct rq *this_rq)
{
struct sched_domain *sd;
int pulled_task = -1;
unsigned long next_balance = jiffies + HZ;
cpumask_t tmpmask;
for_each_domain(this_cpu, sd) {
unsigned long interval;
if (!(sd->flags & SD_LOAD_BALANCE))
continue;
if (sd->flags & SD_BALANCE_NEWIDLE)
/* If we've pulled tasks over stop searching: */
pulled_task = load_balance_newidle(this_cpu, this_rq,
sd, &tmpmask);
interval = msecs_to_jiffies(sd->balance_interval);
if (time_after(next_balance, sd->last_balance + interval))
next_balance = sd->last_balance + interval;
if (pulled_task)
break;
}
if (pulled_task || time_after(jiffies, this_rq->next_balance)) {
[PATCH] sched: call tasklet less frequently Trigger softirq less frequently We trigger the softirq before this patch using offset of sd->interval. However, if the queue is busy then it is sufficient to schedule the softirq with sd->interval * busy_factor. So we modify the calculation of the next time to balance by taking the interval added to last_balance again. This is only the right value if the idle/busy situation continues as is. There are two potential trouble spots: - If the queue was idle and now gets busy then we call rebalance early. However, that is not a problem because we will then use the longer interval for the next period. - If the queue was busy and becomes idle then we potentially wait too long before rebalancing. However, when the task goes idle then idle_balance is called. We add another calculation of the next balance time based on sd->interval in idle_balance so that we will rebalance soon. V2->V3: - Calculate rebalance time based on current jiffies and not based on the jiffies at the last time we load balanced. We no longer rely on staggering and therefore we can affort to do this now. V3->V4: - Use functions to do jiffy comparisons. Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Cc: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-12-10 18:20:27 +08:00
/*
* We are going idle. next_balance may be set based on
* a busy processor. So reset next_balance.
*/
this_rq->next_balance = next_balance;
}
}
/*
* active_load_balance is run by migration threads. It pushes running tasks
* off the busiest CPU onto idle CPUs. It requires at least 1 task to be
* running on each physical CPU where possible, and avoids physical /
* logical imbalances.
*
* Called with busiest_rq locked.
*/
static void active_load_balance(struct rq *busiest_rq, int busiest_cpu)
{
int target_cpu = busiest_rq->push_cpu;
struct sched_domain *sd;
struct rq *target_rq;
/* Is there any task to move? */
if (busiest_rq->nr_running <= 1)
return;
target_rq = cpu_rq(target_cpu);
/*
* This condition is "impossible", if it occurs
* we need to fix it. Originally reported by
* Bjorn Helgaas on a 128-cpu setup.
*/
BUG_ON(busiest_rq == target_rq);
/* move a task from busiest_rq to target_rq */
double_lock_balance(busiest_rq, target_rq);
update_rq_clock(busiest_rq);
update_rq_clock(target_rq);
/* Search for an sd spanning us and the target CPU. */
for_each_domain(target_cpu, sd) {
if ((sd->flags & SD_LOAD_BALANCE) &&
cpu_isset(busiest_cpu, sd->span))
break;
}
if (likely(sd)) {
schedstat_inc(sd, alb_count);
sched: simplify move_tasks() The move_tasks() function is currently multiplexed with two distinct capabilities: 1. attempt to move a specified amount of weighted load from one run queue to another; and 2. attempt to move a specified number of tasks from one run queue to another. The first of these capabilities is used in two places, load_balance() and load_balance_idle(), and in both of these cases the return value of move_tasks() is used purely to decide if tasks/load were moved and no notice of the actual number of tasks moved is taken. The second capability is used in exactly one place, active_load_balance(), to attempt to move exactly one task and, as before, the return value is only used as an indicator of success or failure. This multiplexing of sched_task() was introduced, by me, as part of the smpnice patches and was motivated by the fact that the alternative, one function to move specified load and one to move a single task, would have led to two functions of roughly the same complexity as the old move_tasks() (or the new balance_tasks()). However, the new modular design of the new CFS scheduler allows a simpler solution to be adopted and this patch addresses that solution by: 1. adding a new function, move_one_task(), to be used by active_load_balance(); and 2. making move_tasks() a single purpose function that tries to move a specified weighted load and returns 1 for success and 0 for failure. One of the consequences of these changes is that neither move_one_task() or the new move_tasks() care how many tasks sched_class.load_balance() moves and this enables its interface to be simplified by returning the amount of load moved as its result and removing the load_moved pointer from the argument list. This helps simplify the new move_tasks() and slightly reduces the amount of work done in each of sched_class.load_balance()'s implementations. Further simplification, e.g. changes to balance_tasks(), are possible but (slightly) complicated by the special needs of load_balance_fair() so I've left them to a later patch (if this one gets accepted). NB Since move_tasks() gets called with two run queue locks held even small reductions in overhead are worthwhile. [ mingo@elte.hu ] this change also reduces code size nicely: text data bss dec hex filename 39216 3618 24 42858 a76a sched.o.before 39173 3618 24 42815 a73f sched.o.after Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-08-09 17:16:46 +08:00
if (move_one_task(target_rq, target_cpu, busiest_rq,
sd, CPU_IDLE))
schedstat_inc(sd, alb_pushed);
else
schedstat_inc(sd, alb_failed);
}
spin_unlock(&target_rq->lock);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ
static struct {
atomic_t load_balancer;
cpumask_t cpu_mask;
} nohz ____cacheline_aligned = {
.load_balancer = ATOMIC_INIT(-1),
.cpu_mask = CPU_MASK_NONE,
};
/*
* This routine will try to nominate the ilb (idle load balancing)
* owner among the cpus whose ticks are stopped. ilb owner will do the idle
* load balancing on behalf of all those cpus. If all the cpus in the system
* go into this tickless mode, then there will be no ilb owner (as there is
* no need for one) and all the cpus will sleep till the next wakeup event
* arrives...
*
* For the ilb owner, tick is not stopped. And this tick will be used
* for idle load balancing. ilb owner will still be part of
* nohz.cpu_mask..
*
* While stopping the tick, this cpu will become the ilb owner if there
* is no other owner. And will be the owner till that cpu becomes busy
* or if all cpus in the system stop their ticks at which point
* there is no need for ilb owner.
*
* When the ilb owner becomes busy, it nominates another owner, during the
* next busy scheduler_tick()
*/
int select_nohz_load_balancer(int stop_tick)
{
int cpu = smp_processor_id();
if (stop_tick) {
cpu_set(cpu, nohz.cpu_mask);
cpu_rq(cpu)->in_nohz_recently = 1;
/*
* If we are going offline and still the leader, give up!
*/
if (cpu_is_offline(cpu) &&
atomic_read(&nohz.load_balancer) == cpu) {
if (atomic_cmpxchg(&nohz.load_balancer, cpu, -1) != cpu)
BUG();
return 0;
}
/* time for ilb owner also to sleep */
if (cpus_weight(nohz.cpu_mask) == num_online_cpus()) {
if (atomic_read(&nohz.load_balancer) == cpu)
atomic_set(&nohz.load_balancer, -1);
return 0;
}
if (atomic_read(&nohz.load_balancer) == -1) {
/* make me the ilb owner */
if (atomic_cmpxchg(&nohz.load_balancer, -1, cpu) == -1)
return 1;
} else if (atomic_read(&nohz.load_balancer) == cpu)
return 1;
} else {
if (!cpu_isset(cpu, nohz.cpu_mask))
return 0;
cpu_clear(cpu, nohz.cpu_mask);
if (atomic_read(&nohz.load_balancer) == cpu)
if (atomic_cmpxchg(&nohz.load_balancer, cpu, -1) != cpu)
BUG();
}
return 0;
}
#endif
static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(balancing);
/*
* It checks each scheduling domain to see if it is due to be balanced,
* and initiates a balancing operation if so.
*
* Balancing parameters are set up in arch_init_sched_domains.
*/
static void rebalance_domains(int cpu, enum cpu_idle_type idle)
{
int balance = 1;
struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
unsigned long interval;
struct sched_domain *sd;
/* Earliest time when we have to do rebalance again */
unsigned long next_balance = jiffies + 60*HZ;
int update_next_balance = 0;
int need_serialize;
cpumask_t tmp;
for_each_domain(cpu, sd) {
if (!(sd->flags & SD_LOAD_BALANCE))
continue;
interval = sd->balance_interval;
if (idle != CPU_IDLE)
interval *= sd->busy_factor;
/* scale ms to jiffies */
interval = msecs_to_jiffies(interval);
if (unlikely(!interval))
interval = 1;
if (interval > HZ*NR_CPUS/10)
interval = HZ*NR_CPUS/10;
need_serialize = sd->flags & SD_SERIALIZE;
if (need_serialize) {
if (!spin_trylock(&balancing))
goto out;
}
if (time_after_eq(jiffies, sd->last_balance + interval)) {
if (load_balance(cpu, rq, sd, idle, &balance, &tmp)) {
/*
* We've pulled tasks over so either we're no
* longer idle, or one of our SMT siblings is
* not idle.
*/
idle = CPU_NOT_IDLE;
}
[PATCH] sched: call tasklet less frequently Trigger softirq less frequently We trigger the softirq before this patch using offset of sd->interval. However, if the queue is busy then it is sufficient to schedule the softirq with sd->interval * busy_factor. So we modify the calculation of the next time to balance by taking the interval added to last_balance again. This is only the right value if the idle/busy situation continues as is. There are two potential trouble spots: - If the queue was idle and now gets busy then we call rebalance early. However, that is not a problem because we will then use the longer interval for the next period. - If the queue was busy and becomes idle then we potentially wait too long before rebalancing. However, when the task goes idle then idle_balance is called. We add another calculation of the next balance time based on sd->interval in idle_balance so that we will rebalance soon. V2->V3: - Calculate rebalance time based on current jiffies and not based on the jiffies at the last time we load balanced. We no longer rely on staggering and therefore we can affort to do this now. V3->V4: - Use functions to do jiffy comparisons. Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Cc: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-12-10 18:20:27 +08:00
sd->last_balance = jiffies;
}
if (need_serialize)
spin_unlock(&balancing);
out:
if (time_after(next_balance, sd->last_balance + interval)) {
next_balance = sd->last_balance + interval;
update_next_balance = 1;
}
/*
* Stop the load balance at this level. There is another
* CPU in our sched group which is doing load balancing more
* actively.
*/
if (!balance)
break;
}
/*
* next_balance will be updated only when there is a need.
* When the cpu is attached to null domain for ex, it will not be
* updated.
*/
if (likely(update_next_balance))
rq->next_balance = next_balance;
}
/*
* run_rebalance_domains is triggered when needed from the scheduler tick.
* In CONFIG_NO_HZ case, the idle load balance owner will do the
* rebalancing for all the cpus for whom scheduler ticks are stopped.
*/
static void run_rebalance_domains(struct softirq_action *h)
{
int this_cpu = smp_processor_id();
struct rq *this_rq = cpu_rq(this_cpu);
enum cpu_idle_type idle = this_rq->idle_at_tick ?
CPU_IDLE : CPU_NOT_IDLE;
rebalance_domains(this_cpu, idle);
#ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ
/*
* If this cpu is the owner for idle load balancing, then do the
* balancing on behalf of the other idle cpus whose ticks are
* stopped.
*/
if (this_rq->idle_at_tick &&
atomic_read(&nohz.load_balancer) == this_cpu) {
cpumask_t cpus = nohz.cpu_mask;
struct rq *rq;
int balance_cpu;
cpu_clear(this_cpu, cpus);
for_each_cpu_mask(balance_cpu, cpus) {
/*
* If this cpu gets work to do, stop the load balancing
* work being done for other cpus. Next load
* balancing owner will pick it up.
*/
if (need_resched())
break;
rebalance_domains(balance_cpu, CPU_IDLE);
rq = cpu_rq(balance_cpu);
if (time_after(this_rq->next_balance, rq->next_balance))
this_rq->next_balance = rq->next_balance;
}
}
#endif
}
/*
* Trigger the SCHED_SOFTIRQ if it is time to do periodic load balancing.
*
* In case of CONFIG_NO_HZ, this is the place where we nominate a new
* idle load balancing owner or decide to stop the periodic load balancing,
* if the whole system is idle.
*/
static inline void trigger_load_balance(struct rq *rq, int cpu)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ
/*
* If we were in the nohz mode recently and busy at the current
* scheduler tick, then check if we need to nominate new idle
* load balancer.
*/
if (rq->in_nohz_recently && !rq->idle_at_tick) {
rq->in_nohz_recently = 0;
if (atomic_read(&nohz.load_balancer) == cpu) {
cpu_clear(cpu, nohz.cpu_mask);
atomic_set(&nohz.load_balancer, -1);
}
if (atomic_read(&nohz.load_balancer) == -1) {
/*
* simple selection for now: Nominate the
* first cpu in the nohz list to be the next
* ilb owner.
*
* TBD: Traverse the sched domains and nominate
* the nearest cpu in the nohz.cpu_mask.
*/
int ilb = first_cpu(nohz.cpu_mask);
if (ilb < nr_cpu_ids)
resched_cpu(ilb);
}
}
/*
* If this cpu is idle and doing idle load balancing for all the
* cpus with ticks stopped, is it time for that to stop?
*/
if (rq->idle_at_tick && atomic_read(&nohz.load_balancer) == cpu &&
cpus_weight(nohz.cpu_mask) == num_online_cpus()) {
resched_cpu(cpu);
return;
}
/*
* If this cpu is idle and the idle load balancing is done by
* someone else, then no need raise the SCHED_SOFTIRQ
*/
if (rq->idle_at_tick && atomic_read(&nohz.load_balancer) != cpu &&
cpu_isset(cpu, nohz.cpu_mask))
return;
#endif
if (time_after_eq(jiffies, rq->next_balance))
raise_softirq(SCHED_SOFTIRQ);
}
#else /* CONFIG_SMP */
/*
* on UP we do not need to balance between CPUs:
*/
static inline void idle_balance(int cpu, struct rq *rq)
{
}
#endif
DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kernel_stat, kstat);
EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(kstat);
/*
* Return p->sum_exec_runtime plus any more ns on the sched_clock
* that have not yet been banked in case the task is currently running.
*/
unsigned long long task_sched_runtime(struct task_struct *p)
{
unsigned long flags;
u64 ns, delta_exec;
struct rq *rq;
rq = task_rq_lock(p, &flags);
ns = p->se.sum_exec_runtime;
if (task_current(rq, p)) {
update_rq_clock(rq);
delta_exec = rq->clock - p->se.exec_start;
if ((s64)delta_exec > 0)
ns += delta_exec;
}
task_rq_unlock(rq, &flags);
return ns;
}
/*
* Account user cpu time to a process.
* @p: the process that the cpu time gets accounted to
* @cputime: the cpu time spent in user space since the last update
*/
void account_user_time(struct task_struct *p, cputime_t cputime)
{
struct cpu_usage_stat *cpustat = &kstat_this_cpu.cpustat;
cputime64_t tmp;
p->utime = cputime_add(p->utime, cputime);
/* Add user time to cpustat. */
tmp = cputime_to_cputime64(cputime);
if (TASK_NICE(p) > 0)
cpustat->nice = cputime64_add(cpustat->nice, tmp);
else
cpustat->user = cputime64_add(cpustat->user, tmp);
}
/*
* Account guest cpu time to a process.
* @p: the process that the cpu time gets accounted to
* @cputime: the cpu time spent in virtual machine since the last update
*/
static void account_guest_time(struct task_struct *p, cputime_t cputime)
{
cputime64_t tmp;
struct cpu_usage_stat *cpustat = &kstat_this_cpu.cpustat;
tmp = cputime_to_cputime64(cputime);
p->utime = cputime_add(p->utime, cputime);
p->gtime = cputime_add(p->gtime, cputime);
cpustat->user = cputime64_add(cpustat->user, tmp);
cpustat->guest = cputime64_add(cpustat->guest, tmp);
}
/*
* Account scaled user cpu time to a process.
* @p: the process that the cpu time gets accounted to
* @cputime: the cpu time spent in user space since the last update
*/
void account_user_time_scaled(struct task_struct *p, cputime_t cputime)
{
p->utimescaled = cputime_add(p->utimescaled, cputime);
}
/*
* Account system cpu time to a process.
* @p: the process that the cpu time gets accounted to
* @hardirq_offset: the offset to subtract from hardirq_count()
* @cputime: the cpu time spent in kernel space since the last update
*/
void account_system_time(struct task_struct *p, int hardirq_offset,
cputime_t cputime)
{
struct cpu_usage_stat *cpustat = &kstat_this_cpu.cpustat;
struct rq *rq = this_rq();
cputime64_t tmp;
if ((p->flags & PF_VCPU) && (irq_count() - hardirq_offset == 0)) {
account_guest_time(p, cputime);
return;
}
p->stime = cputime_add(p->stime, cputime);
/* Add system time to cpustat. */
tmp = cputime_to_cputime64(cputime);
if (hardirq_count() - hardirq_offset)
cpustat->irq = cputime64_add(cpustat->irq, tmp);
else if (softirq_count())
cpustat->softirq = cputime64_add(cpustat->softirq, tmp);
else if (p != rq->idle)
cpustat->system = cputime64_add(cpustat->system, tmp);
else if (atomic_read(&rq->nr_iowait) > 0)
cpustat->iowait = cputime64_add(cpustat->iowait, tmp);
else
cpustat->idle = cputime64_add(cpustat->idle, tmp);
/* Account for system time used */
acct_update_integrals(p);
}
/*
* Account scaled system cpu time to a process.
* @p: the process that the cpu time gets accounted to
* @hardirq_offset: the offset to subtract from hardirq_count()
* @cputime: the cpu time spent in kernel space since the last update
*/
void account_system_time_scaled(struct task_struct *p, cputime_t cputime)
{
p->stimescaled = cputime_add(p->stimescaled, cputime);
}
/*
* Account for involuntary wait time.
* @p: the process from which the cpu time has been stolen
* @steal: the cpu time spent in involuntary wait
*/
void account_steal_time(struct task_struct *p, cputime_t steal)
{
struct cpu_usage_stat *cpustat = &kstat_this_cpu.cpustat;
cputime64_t tmp = cputime_to_cputime64(steal);
struct rq *rq = this_rq();
if (p == rq->idle) {
p->stime = cputime_add(p->stime, steal);
if (atomic_read(&rq->nr_iowait) > 0)
cpustat->iowait = cputime64_add(cpustat->iowait, tmp);
else
cpustat->idle = cputime64_add(cpustat->idle, tmp);
} else
cpustat->steal = cputime64_add(cpustat->steal, tmp);
}
/*
* This function gets called by the timer code, with HZ frequency.
* We call it with interrupts disabled.
*
* It also gets called by the fork code, when changing the parent's
* timeslices.
*/
void scheduler_tick(void)
{
int cpu = smp_processor_id();
struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
struct task_struct *curr = rq->curr;
sched_clock_tick();
spin_lock(&rq->lock);
update_rq_clock(rq);
update_cpu_load(rq);
curr->sched_class->task_tick(rq, curr, 0);
spin_unlock(&rq->lock);
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
rq->idle_at_tick = idle_cpu(cpu);
trigger_load_balance(rq, cpu);
#endif
}
#if defined(CONFIG_PREEMPT) && defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_PREEMPT)
void __kprobes add_preempt_count(int val)
{
/*
* Underflow?
*/
if (DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON((preempt_count() < 0)))
return;
preempt_count() += val;
/*
* Spinlock count overflowing soon?
*/
DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON((preempt_count() & PREEMPT_MASK) >=
PREEMPT_MASK - 10);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(add_preempt_count);
void __kprobes sub_preempt_count(int val)
{
/*
* Underflow?
*/
if (DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(val > preempt_count()))
return;
/*
* Is the spinlock portion underflowing?
*/
if (DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON((val < PREEMPT_MASK) &&
!(preempt_count() & PREEMPT_MASK)))
return;
preempt_count() -= val;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(sub_preempt_count);
#endif
/*
* Print scheduling while atomic bug:
*/
static noinline void __schedule_bug(struct task_struct *prev)
{
struct pt_regs *regs = get_irq_regs();
printk(KERN_ERR "BUG: scheduling while atomic: %s/%d/0x%08x\n",
prev->comm, prev->pid, preempt_count());
debug_show_held_locks(prev);
print_modules();
if (irqs_disabled())
print_irqtrace_events(prev);
if (regs)
show_regs(regs);
else
dump_stack();
}
/*
* Various schedule()-time debugging checks and statistics:
*/
static inline void schedule_debug(struct task_struct *prev)
{
/*
* Test if we are atomic. Since do_exit() needs to call into
* schedule() atomically, we ignore that path for now.
* Otherwise, whine if we are scheduling when we should not be.
*/
if (unlikely(in_atomic_preempt_off() && !prev->exit_state))
__schedule_bug(prev);
profile_hit(SCHED_PROFILING, __builtin_return_address(0));
schedstat_inc(this_rq(), sched_count);
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
if (unlikely(prev->lock_depth >= 0)) {
schedstat_inc(this_rq(), bkl_count);
schedstat_inc(prev, sched_info.bkl_count);
}
#endif
}
/*
* Pick up the highest-prio task:
*/
static inline struct task_struct *
pick_next_task(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *prev)
{
const struct sched_class *class;
struct task_struct *p;
/*
* Optimization: we know that if all tasks are in
* the fair class we can call that function directly:
*/
if (likely(rq->nr_running == rq->cfs.nr_running)) {
p = fair_sched_class.pick_next_task(rq);
if (likely(p))
return p;
}
class = sched_class_highest;
for ( ; ; ) {
p = class->pick_next_task(rq);
if (p)
return p;
/*
* Will never be NULL as the idle class always
* returns a non-NULL p:
*/
class = class->next;
}
}
/*
* schedule() is the main scheduler function.
*/
asmlinkage void __sched schedule(void)
{
struct task_struct *prev, *next;
unsigned long *switch_count;
struct rq *rq;
int cpu, hrtick = sched_feat(HRTICK);
need_resched:
preempt_disable();
cpu = smp_processor_id();
rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
rcu_qsctr_inc(cpu);
prev = rq->curr;
switch_count = &prev->nivcsw;
release_kernel_lock(prev);
need_resched_nonpreemptible:
schedule_debug(prev);
if (hrtick)
hrtick_clear(rq);
/*
* Do the rq-clock update outside the rq lock:
*/
local_irq_disable();
update_rq_clock(rq);
spin_lock(&rq->lock);
clear_tsk_need_resched(prev);
if (prev->state && !(preempt_count() & PREEMPT_ACTIVE)) {
if (unlikely(signal_pending_state(prev->state, prev)))
prev->state = TASK_RUNNING;
else
deactivate_task(rq, prev, 1);
switch_count = &prev->nvcsw;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
if (prev->sched_class->pre_schedule)
prev->sched_class->pre_schedule(rq, prev);
#endif
if (unlikely(!rq->nr_running))
idle_balance(cpu, rq);
prev->sched_class->put_prev_task(rq, prev);
next = pick_next_task(rq, prev);
if (likely(prev != next)) {
sched_info_switch(prev, next);
rq->nr_switches++;
rq->curr = next;
++*switch_count;
context_switch(rq, prev, next); /* unlocks the rq */
/*
* the context switch might have flipped the stack from under
* us, hence refresh the local variables.
*/
cpu = smp_processor_id();
rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
} else
spin_unlock_irq(&rq->lock);
if (hrtick)
hrtick_set(rq);
if (unlikely(reacquire_kernel_lock(current) < 0))
goto need_resched_nonpreemptible;
preempt_enable_no_resched();
if (unlikely(test_thread_flag(TIF_NEED_RESCHED)))
goto need_resched;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(schedule);
#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT
/*
* this is the entry point to schedule() from in-kernel preemption
* off of preempt_enable. Kernel preemptions off return from interrupt
* occur there and call schedule directly.
*/
asmlinkage void __sched preempt_schedule(void)
{
struct thread_info *ti = current_thread_info();
/*
* If there is a non-zero preempt_count or interrupts are disabled,
* we do not want to preempt the current task. Just return..
*/
if (likely(ti->preempt_count || irqs_disabled()))
return;
do {
add_preempt_count(PREEMPT_ACTIVE);
schedule();
sub_preempt_count(PREEMPT_ACTIVE);
/*
* Check again in case we missed a preemption opportunity
* between schedule and now.
*/
barrier();
} while (unlikely(test_thread_flag(TIF_NEED_RESCHED)));
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(preempt_schedule);
/*
* this is the entry point to schedule() from kernel preemption
* off of irq context.
* Note, that this is called and return with irqs disabled. This will
* protect us against recursive calling from irq.
*/
asmlinkage void __sched preempt_schedule_irq(void)
{
struct thread_info *ti = current_thread_info();
/* Catch callers which need to be fixed */
BUG_ON(ti->preempt_count || !irqs_disabled());
do {
add_preempt_count(PREEMPT_ACTIVE);
local_irq_enable();
schedule();
local_irq_disable();
sub_preempt_count(PREEMPT_ACTIVE);
/*
* Check again in case we missed a preemption opportunity
* between schedule and now.
*/
barrier();
} while (unlikely(test_thread_flag(TIF_NEED_RESCHED)));
}
#endif /* CONFIG_PREEMPT */
int default_wake_function(wait_queue_t *curr, unsigned mode, int sync,
void *key)
{
return try_to_wake_up(curr->private, mode, sync);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(default_wake_function);
/*
* The core wakeup function. Non-exclusive wakeups (nr_exclusive == 0) just
* wake everything up. If it's an exclusive wakeup (nr_exclusive == small +ve
* number) then we wake all the non-exclusive tasks and one exclusive task.
*
* There are circumstances in which we can try to wake a task which has already
* started to run but is not in state TASK_RUNNING. try_to_wake_up() returns
* zero in this (rare) case, and we handle it by continuing to scan the queue.
*/
static void __wake_up_common(wait_queue_head_t *q, unsigned int mode,
int nr_exclusive, int sync, void *key)
{
wait_queue_t *curr, *next;
list_for_each_entry_safe(curr, next, &q->task_list, task_list) {
unsigned flags = curr->flags;
if (curr->func(curr, mode, sync, key) &&
(flags & WQ_FLAG_EXCLUSIVE) && !--nr_exclusive)
break;
}
}
/**
* __wake_up - wake up threads blocked on a waitqueue.
* @q: the waitqueue
* @mode: which threads
* @nr_exclusive: how many wake-one or wake-many threads to wake up
* @key: is directly passed to the wakeup function
*/
void __wake_up(wait_queue_head_t *q, unsigned int mode,
int nr_exclusive, void *key)
{
unsigned long flags;
spin_lock_irqsave(&q->lock, flags);
__wake_up_common(q, mode, nr_exclusive, 0, key);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&q->lock, flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__wake_up);
/*
* Same as __wake_up but called with the spinlock in wait_queue_head_t held.
*/
void __wake_up_locked(wait_queue_head_t *q, unsigned int mode)
{
__wake_up_common(q, mode, 1, 0, NULL);
}
/**
* __wake_up_sync - wake up threads blocked on a waitqueue.
* @q: the waitqueue
* @mode: which threads
* @nr_exclusive: how many wake-one or wake-many threads to wake up
*
* The sync wakeup differs that the waker knows that it will schedule
* away soon, so while the target thread will be woken up, it will not
* be migrated to another CPU - ie. the two threads are 'synchronized'
* with each other. This can prevent needless bouncing between CPUs.
*
* On UP it can prevent extra preemption.
*/
void
__wake_up_sync(wait_queue_head_t *q, unsigned int mode, int nr_exclusive)
{
unsigned long flags;
int sync = 1;
if (unlikely(!q))
return;
if (unlikely(!nr_exclusive))
sync = 0;
spin_lock_irqsave(&q->lock, flags);
__wake_up_common(q, mode, nr_exclusive, sync, NULL);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&q->lock, flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__wake_up_sync); /* For internal use only */
void complete(struct completion *x)
{
unsigned long flags;
spin_lock_irqsave(&x->wait.lock, flags);
x->done++;
__wake_up_common(&x->wait, TASK_NORMAL, 1, 0, NULL);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&x->wait.lock, flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(complete);
void complete_all(struct completion *x)
{
unsigned long flags;
spin_lock_irqsave(&x->wait.lock, flags);
x->done += UINT_MAX/2;
__wake_up_common(&x->wait, TASK_NORMAL, 0, 0, NULL);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&x->wait.lock, flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(complete_all);
static inline long __sched
do_wait_for_common(struct completion *x, long timeout, int state)
{
if (!x->done) {
DECLARE_WAITQUEUE(wait, current);
wait.flags |= WQ_FLAG_EXCLUSIVE;
__add_wait_queue_tail(&x->wait, &wait);
do {
if ((state == TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE &&
signal_pending(current)) ||
(state == TASK_KILLABLE &&
fatal_signal_pending(current))) {
timeout = -ERESTARTSYS;
break;
}
__set_current_state(state);
spin_unlock_irq(&x->wait.lock);
timeout = schedule_timeout(timeout);
spin_lock_irq(&x->wait.lock);
} while (!x->done && timeout);
__remove_wait_queue(&x->wait, &wait);
if (!x->done)
return timeout;
}
x->done--;
return timeout ?: 1;
}
static long __sched
wait_for_common(struct completion *x, long timeout, int state)
{
might_sleep();
spin_lock_irq(&x->wait.lock);
timeout = do_wait_for_common(x, timeout, state);
spin_unlock_irq(&x->wait.lock);
return timeout;
}
void __sched wait_for_completion(struct completion *x)
{
wait_for_common(x, MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(wait_for_completion);
unsigned long __sched
wait_for_completion_timeout(struct completion *x, unsigned long timeout)
{
return wait_for_common(x, timeout, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(wait_for_completion_timeout);
int __sched wait_for_completion_interruptible(struct completion *x)
{
long t = wait_for_common(x, MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
if (t == -ERESTARTSYS)
return t;
return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(wait_for_completion_interruptible);
unsigned long __sched
wait_for_completion_interruptible_timeout(struct completion *x,
unsigned long timeout)
{
return wait_for_common(x, timeout, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(wait_for_completion_interruptible_timeout);
int __sched wait_for_completion_killable(struct completion *x)
{
long t = wait_for_common(x, MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT, TASK_KILLABLE);
if (t == -ERESTARTSYS)
return t;
return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(wait_for_completion_killable);
static long __sched
sleep_on_common(wait_queue_head_t *q, int state, long timeout)
{
unsigned long flags;
wait_queue_t wait;
init_waitqueue_entry(&wait, current);
__set_current_state(state);
spin_lock_irqsave(&q->lock, flags);
__add_wait_queue(q, &wait);
spin_unlock(&q->lock);
timeout = schedule_timeout(timeout);
spin_lock_irq(&q->lock);
__remove_wait_queue(q, &wait);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&q->lock, flags);
return timeout;
}
void __sched interruptible_sleep_on(wait_queue_head_t *q)
{
sleep_on_common(q, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE, MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(interruptible_sleep_on);
long __sched
interruptible_sleep_on_timeout(wait_queue_head_t *q, long timeout)
{
return sleep_on_common(q, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE, timeout);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(interruptible_sleep_on_timeout);
void __sched sleep_on(wait_queue_head_t *q)
{
sleep_on_common(q, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE, MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(sleep_on);
long __sched sleep_on_timeout(wait_queue_head_t *q, long timeout)
{
return sleep_on_common(q, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE, timeout);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(sleep_on_timeout);
#ifdef CONFIG_RT_MUTEXES
/*
* rt_mutex_setprio - set the current priority of a task
* @p: task
* @prio: prio value (kernel-internal form)
*
* This function changes the 'effective' priority of a task. It does
* not touch ->normal_prio like __setscheduler().
*
* Used by the rt_mutex code to implement priority inheritance logic.
*/
void rt_mutex_setprio(struct task_struct *p, int prio)
{
unsigned long flags;
int oldprio, on_rq, running;
struct rq *rq;
const struct sched_class *prev_class = p->sched_class;
BUG_ON(prio < 0 || prio > MAX_PRIO);
rq = task_rq_lock(p, &flags);
update_rq_clock(rq);
oldprio = p->prio;
on_rq = p->se.on_rq;
running = task_current(rq, p);
sched: fix race in schedule() Fix a hard to trigger crash seen in the -rt kernel that also affects the vanilla scheduler. There is a race condition between schedule() and some dequeue/enqueue functions; rt_mutex_setprio(), __setscheduler() and sched_move_task(). When scheduling to idle, idle_balance() is called to pull tasks from other busy processor. It might drop the rq lock. It means that those 3 functions encounter on_rq=0 and running=1. The current task should be put when running. Here is a possible scenario: CPU0 CPU1 | schedule() | ->deactivate_task() | ->idle_balance() | -->load_balance_newidle() rt_mutex_setprio() | | --->double_lock_balance() *get lock *rel lock * on_rq=0, ruuning=1 | * sched_class is changed | *rel lock *get lock : | : ->put_prev_task_rt() ->pick_next_task_fair() => panic The current process of CPU1(P1) is scheduling. Deactivated P1, and the scheduler looks for another process on other CPU's runqueue because CPU1 will be idle. idle_balance(), load_balance_newidle() and double_lock_balance() are called and double_lock_balance() could drop the rq lock. On the other hand, CPU0 is trying to boost the priority of P1. The result of boosting only P1's prio and sched_class are changed to RT. The sched entities of P1 and P1's group are never put. It makes cfs_rq invalid, because the cfs_rq has curr and no leaf, but pick_next_task_fair() is called, then the kernel panics. Signed-off-by: Hiroshi Shimamoto <h-shimamoto@ct.jp.nec.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-03-11 02:01:20 +08:00
if (on_rq)
dequeue_task(rq, p, 0);
sched: fix race in schedule() Fix a hard to trigger crash seen in the -rt kernel that also affects the vanilla scheduler. There is a race condition between schedule() and some dequeue/enqueue functions; rt_mutex_setprio(), __setscheduler() and sched_move_task(). When scheduling to idle, idle_balance() is called to pull tasks from other busy processor. It might drop the rq lock. It means that those 3 functions encounter on_rq=0 and running=1. The current task should be put when running. Here is a possible scenario: CPU0 CPU1 | schedule() | ->deactivate_task() | ->idle_balance() | -->load_balance_newidle() rt_mutex_setprio() | | --->double_lock_balance() *get lock *rel lock * on_rq=0, ruuning=1 | * sched_class is changed | *rel lock *get lock : | : ->put_prev_task_rt() ->pick_next_task_fair() => panic The current process of CPU1(P1) is scheduling. Deactivated P1, and the scheduler looks for another process on other CPU's runqueue because CPU1 will be idle. idle_balance(), load_balance_newidle() and double_lock_balance() are called and double_lock_balance() could drop the rq lock. On the other hand, CPU0 is trying to boost the priority of P1. The result of boosting only P1's prio and sched_class are changed to RT. The sched entities of P1 and P1's group are never put. It makes cfs_rq invalid, because the cfs_rq has curr and no leaf, but pick_next_task_fair() is called, then the kernel panics. Signed-off-by: Hiroshi Shimamoto <h-shimamoto@ct.jp.nec.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-03-11 02:01:20 +08:00
if (running)
p->sched_class->put_prev_task(rq, p);
if (rt_prio(prio))
p->sched_class = &rt_sched_class;
else
p->sched_class = &fair_sched_class;
p->prio = prio;
sched: fix race in schedule() Fix a hard to trigger crash seen in the -rt kernel that also affects the vanilla scheduler. There is a race condition between schedule() and some dequeue/enqueue functions; rt_mutex_setprio(), __setscheduler() and sched_move_task(). When scheduling to idle, idle_balance() is called to pull tasks from other busy processor. It might drop the rq lock. It means that those 3 functions encounter on_rq=0 and running=1. The current task should be put when running. Here is a possible scenario: CPU0 CPU1 | schedule() | ->deactivate_task() | ->idle_balance() | -->load_balance_newidle() rt_mutex_setprio() | | --->double_lock_balance() *get lock *rel lock * on_rq=0, ruuning=1 | * sched_class is changed | *rel lock *get lock : | : ->put_prev_task_rt() ->pick_next_task_fair() => panic The current process of CPU1(P1) is scheduling. Deactivated P1, and the scheduler looks for another process on other CPU's runqueue because CPU1 will be idle. idle_balance(), load_balance_newidle() and double_lock_balance() are called and double_lock_balance() could drop the rq lock. On the other hand, CPU0 is trying to boost the priority of P1. The result of boosting only P1's prio and sched_class are changed to RT. The sched entities of P1 and P1's group are never put. It makes cfs_rq invalid, because the cfs_rq has curr and no leaf, but pick_next_task_fair() is called, then the kernel panics. Signed-off-by: Hiroshi Shimamoto <h-shimamoto@ct.jp.nec.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-03-11 02:01:20 +08:00
if (running)
p->sched_class->set_curr_task(rq);
if (on_rq) {
enqueue_task(rq, p, 0);
check_class_changed(rq, p, prev_class, oldprio, running);
}
task_rq_unlock(rq, &flags);
}
#endif
void set_user_nice(struct task_struct *p, long nice)
{
int old_prio, delta, on_rq;
unsigned long flags;
struct rq *rq;
if (TASK_NICE(p) == nice || nice < -20 || nice > 19)
return;
/*
* We have to be careful, if called from sys_setpriority(),
* the task might be in the middle of scheduling on another CPU.
*/
rq = task_rq_lock(p, &flags);
update_rq_clock(rq);
/*
* The RT priorities are set via sched_setscheduler(), but we still
* allow the 'normal' nice value to be set - but as expected
* it wont have any effect on scheduling until the task is
* SCHED_FIFO/SCHED_RR:
*/
if (task_has_rt_policy(p)) {
p->static_prio = NICE_TO_PRIO(nice);
goto out_unlock;
}
on_rq = p->se.on_rq;
if (on_rq)
dequeue_task(rq, p, 0);
p->static_prio = NICE_TO_PRIO(nice);
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
set_load_weight(p);
old_prio = p->prio;
p->prio = effective_prio(p);
delta = p->prio - old_prio;
if (on_rq) {
enqueue_task(rq, p, 0);
/*
* If the task increased its priority or is running and
* lowered its priority, then reschedule its CPU:
*/
if (delta < 0 || (delta > 0 && task_running(rq, p)))
resched_task(rq->curr);
}
out_unlock:
task_rq_unlock(rq, &flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_user_nice);
/*
* can_nice - check if a task can reduce its nice value
* @p: task
* @nice: nice value
*/
int can_nice(const struct task_struct *p, const int nice)
{
/* convert nice value [19,-20] to rlimit style value [1,40] */
int nice_rlim = 20 - nice;
return (nice_rlim <= p->signal->rlim[RLIMIT_NICE].rlim_cur ||
capable(CAP_SYS_NICE));
}
#ifdef __ARCH_WANT_SYS_NICE
/*
* sys_nice - change the priority of the current process.
* @increment: priority increment
*
* sys_setpriority is a more generic, but much slower function that
* does similar things.
*/
asmlinkage long sys_nice(int increment)
{
long nice, retval;
/*
* Setpriority might change our priority at the same moment.
* We don't have to worry. Conceptually one call occurs first
* and we have a single winner.
*/
if (increment < -40)
increment = -40;
if (increment > 40)
increment = 40;
nice = PRIO_TO_NICE(current->static_prio) + increment;
if (nice < -20)
nice = -20;
if (nice > 19)
nice = 19;
if (increment < 0 && !can_nice(current, nice))
return -EPERM;
retval = security_task_setnice(current, nice);
if (retval)
return retval;
set_user_nice(current, nice);
return 0;
}
#endif
/**
* task_prio - return the priority value of a given task.
* @p: the task in question.
*
* This is the priority value as seen by users in /proc.
* RT tasks are offset by -200. Normal tasks are centered
* around 0, value goes from -16 to +15.
*/
int task_prio(const struct task_struct *p)
{
return p->prio - MAX_RT_PRIO;
}
/**
* task_nice - return the nice value of a given task.
* @p: the task in question.
*/
int task_nice(const struct task_struct *p)
{
return TASK_NICE(p);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(task_nice);
/**
* idle_cpu - is a given cpu idle currently?
* @cpu: the processor in question.
*/
int idle_cpu(int cpu)
{
return cpu_curr(cpu) == cpu_rq(cpu)->idle;
}
/**
* idle_task - return the idle task for a given cpu.
* @cpu: the processor in question.
*/
struct task_struct *idle_task(int cpu)
{
return cpu_rq(cpu)->idle;
}
/**
* find_process_by_pid - find a process with a matching PID value.
* @pid: the pid in question.
*/
static struct task_struct *find_process_by_pid(pid_t pid)
{
return pid ? find_task_by_vpid(pid) : current;
}
/* Actually do priority change: must hold rq lock. */
static void
__setscheduler(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, int policy, int prio)
{
BUG_ON(p->se.on_rq);
p->policy = policy;
switch (p->policy) {
case SCHED_NORMAL:
case SCHED_BATCH:
case SCHED_IDLE:
p->sched_class = &fair_sched_class;
break;
case SCHED_FIFO:
case SCHED_RR:
p->sched_class = &rt_sched_class;
break;
}
p->rt_priority = prio;
p->normal_prio = normal_prio(p);
/* we are holding p->pi_lock already */
p->prio = rt_mutex_getprio(p);
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
set_load_weight(p);
}
/**
* sched_setscheduler - change the scheduling policy and/or RT priority of a thread.
* @p: the task in question.
* @policy: new policy.
* @param: structure containing the new RT priority.
*
* NOTE that the task may be already dead.
*/
int sched_setscheduler(struct task_struct *p, int policy,
struct sched_param *param)
{
int retval, oldprio, oldpolicy = -1, on_rq, running;
unsigned long flags;
const struct sched_class *prev_class = p->sched_class;
struct rq *rq;
/* may grab non-irq protected spin_locks */
BUG_ON(in_interrupt());
recheck:
/* double check policy once rq lock held */
if (policy < 0)
policy = oldpolicy = p->policy;
else if (policy != SCHED_FIFO && policy != SCHED_RR &&
policy != SCHED_NORMAL && policy != SCHED_BATCH &&
policy != SCHED_IDLE)
return -EINVAL;
/*
* Valid priorities for SCHED_FIFO and SCHED_RR are
* 1..MAX_USER_RT_PRIO-1, valid priority for SCHED_NORMAL,
* SCHED_BATCH and SCHED_IDLE is 0.
*/
if (param->sched_priority < 0 ||
(p->mm && param->sched_priority > MAX_USER_RT_PRIO-1) ||
(!p->mm && param->sched_priority > MAX_RT_PRIO-1))
return -EINVAL;
if (rt_policy(policy) != (param->sched_priority != 0))
return -EINVAL;
/*
* Allow unprivileged RT tasks to decrease priority:
*/
if (!capable(CAP_SYS_NICE)) {
if (rt_policy(policy)) {
unsigned long rlim_rtprio;
if (!lock_task_sighand(p, &flags))
return -ESRCH;
rlim_rtprio = p->signal->rlim[RLIMIT_RTPRIO].rlim_cur;
unlock_task_sighand(p, &flags);
/* can't set/change the rt policy */
if (policy != p->policy && !rlim_rtprio)
return -EPERM;
/* can't increase priority */
if (param->sched_priority > p->rt_priority &&
param->sched_priority > rlim_rtprio)
return -EPERM;
}
/*
* Like positive nice levels, dont allow tasks to
* move out of SCHED_IDLE either:
*/
if (p->policy == SCHED_IDLE && policy != SCHED_IDLE)
return -EPERM;
/* can't change other user's priorities */
if ((current->euid != p->euid) &&
(current->euid != p->uid))
return -EPERM;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED
/*
* Do not allow realtime tasks into groups that have no runtime
* assigned.
*/
if (rt_policy(policy) && task_group(p)->rt_bandwidth.rt_runtime == 0)
return -EPERM;
#endif
retval = security_task_setscheduler(p, policy, param);
if (retval)
return retval;
/*
* make sure no PI-waiters arrive (or leave) while we are
* changing the priority of the task:
*/
spin_lock_irqsave(&p->pi_lock, flags);
/*
* To be able to change p->policy safely, the apropriate
* runqueue lock must be held.
*/
rq = __task_rq_lock(p);
/* recheck policy now with rq lock held */
if (unlikely(oldpolicy != -1 && oldpolicy != p->policy)) {
policy = oldpolicy = -1;
__task_rq_unlock(rq);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&p->pi_lock, flags);
goto recheck;
}
update_rq_clock(rq);
on_rq = p->se.on_rq;
running = task_current(rq, p);
sched: fix race in schedule() Fix a hard to trigger crash seen in the -rt kernel that also affects the vanilla scheduler. There is a race condition between schedule() and some dequeue/enqueue functions; rt_mutex_setprio(), __setscheduler() and sched_move_task(). When scheduling to idle, idle_balance() is called to pull tasks from other busy processor. It might drop the rq lock. It means that those 3 functions encounter on_rq=0 and running=1. The current task should be put when running. Here is a possible scenario: CPU0 CPU1 | schedule() | ->deactivate_task() | ->idle_balance() | -->load_balance_newidle() rt_mutex_setprio() | | --->double_lock_balance() *get lock *rel lock * on_rq=0, ruuning=1 | * sched_class is changed | *rel lock *get lock : | : ->put_prev_task_rt() ->pick_next_task_fair() => panic The current process of CPU1(P1) is scheduling. Deactivated P1, and the scheduler looks for another process on other CPU's runqueue because CPU1 will be idle. idle_balance(), load_balance_newidle() and double_lock_balance() are called and double_lock_balance() could drop the rq lock. On the other hand, CPU0 is trying to boost the priority of P1. The result of boosting only P1's prio and sched_class are changed to RT. The sched entities of P1 and P1's group are never put. It makes cfs_rq invalid, because the cfs_rq has curr and no leaf, but pick_next_task_fair() is called, then the kernel panics. Signed-off-by: Hiroshi Shimamoto <h-shimamoto@ct.jp.nec.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-03-11 02:01:20 +08:00
if (on_rq)
deactivate_task(rq, p, 0);
sched: fix race in schedule() Fix a hard to trigger crash seen in the -rt kernel that also affects the vanilla scheduler. There is a race condition between schedule() and some dequeue/enqueue functions; rt_mutex_setprio(), __setscheduler() and sched_move_task(). When scheduling to idle, idle_balance() is called to pull tasks from other busy processor. It might drop the rq lock. It means that those 3 functions encounter on_rq=0 and running=1. The current task should be put when running. Here is a possible scenario: CPU0 CPU1 | schedule() | ->deactivate_task() | ->idle_balance() | -->load_balance_newidle() rt_mutex_setprio() | | --->double_lock_balance() *get lock *rel lock * on_rq=0, ruuning=1 | * sched_class is changed | *rel lock *get lock : | : ->put_prev_task_rt() ->pick_next_task_fair() => panic The current process of CPU1(P1) is scheduling. Deactivated P1, and the scheduler looks for another process on other CPU's runqueue because CPU1 will be idle. idle_balance(), load_balance_newidle() and double_lock_balance() are called and double_lock_balance() could drop the rq lock. On the other hand, CPU0 is trying to boost the priority of P1. The result of boosting only P1's prio and sched_class are changed to RT. The sched entities of P1 and P1's group are never put. It makes cfs_rq invalid, because the cfs_rq has curr and no leaf, but pick_next_task_fair() is called, then the kernel panics. Signed-off-by: Hiroshi Shimamoto <h-shimamoto@ct.jp.nec.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-03-11 02:01:20 +08:00
if (running)
p->sched_class->put_prev_task(rq, p);
oldprio = p->prio;
__setscheduler(rq, p, policy, param->sched_priority);
sched: fix race in schedule() Fix a hard to trigger crash seen in the -rt kernel that also affects the vanilla scheduler. There is a race condition between schedule() and some dequeue/enqueue functions; rt_mutex_setprio(), __setscheduler() and sched_move_task(). When scheduling to idle, idle_balance() is called to pull tasks from other busy processor. It might drop the rq lock. It means that those 3 functions encounter on_rq=0 and running=1. The current task should be put when running. Here is a possible scenario: CPU0 CPU1 | schedule() | ->deactivate_task() | ->idle_balance() | -->load_balance_newidle() rt_mutex_setprio() | | --->double_lock_balance() *get lock *rel lock * on_rq=0, ruuning=1 | * sched_class is changed | *rel lock *get lock : | : ->put_prev_task_rt() ->pick_next_task_fair() => panic The current process of CPU1(P1) is scheduling. Deactivated P1, and the scheduler looks for another process on other CPU's runqueue because CPU1 will be idle. idle_balance(), load_balance_newidle() and double_lock_balance() are called and double_lock_balance() could drop the rq lock. On the other hand, CPU0 is trying to boost the priority of P1. The result of boosting only P1's prio and sched_class are changed to RT. The sched entities of P1 and P1's group are never put. It makes cfs_rq invalid, because the cfs_rq has curr and no leaf, but pick_next_task_fair() is called, then the kernel panics. Signed-off-by: Hiroshi Shimamoto <h-shimamoto@ct.jp.nec.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-03-11 02:01:20 +08:00
if (running)
p->sched_class->set_curr_task(rq);
if (on_rq) {
activate_task(rq, p, 0);
check_class_changed(rq, p, prev_class, oldprio, running);
}
__task_rq_unlock(rq);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&p->pi_lock, flags);
rt_mutex_adjust_pi(p);
return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(sched_setscheduler);
static int
do_sched_setscheduler(pid_t pid, int policy, struct sched_param __user *param)
{
struct sched_param lparam;
struct task_struct *p;
int retval;
if (!param || pid < 0)
return -EINVAL;
if (copy_from_user(&lparam, param, sizeof(struct sched_param)))
return -EFAULT;
rcu_read_lock();
retval = -ESRCH;
p = find_process_by_pid(pid);
if (p != NULL)
retval = sched_setscheduler(p, policy, &lparam);
rcu_read_unlock();
return retval;
}
/**
* sys_sched_setscheduler - set/change the scheduler policy and RT priority
* @pid: the pid in question.
* @policy: new policy.
* @param: structure containing the new RT priority.
*/
asmlinkage long
sys_sched_setscheduler(pid_t pid, int policy, struct sched_param __user *param)
{
/* negative values for policy are not valid */
if (policy < 0)
return -EINVAL;
return do_sched_setscheduler(pid, policy, param);
}
/**
* sys_sched_setparam - set/change the RT priority of a thread
* @pid: the pid in question.
* @param: structure containing the new RT priority.
*/
asmlinkage long sys_sched_setparam(pid_t pid, struct sched_param __user *param)
{
return do_sched_setscheduler(pid, -1, param);
}
/**
* sys_sched_getscheduler - get the policy (scheduling class) of a thread
* @pid: the pid in question.
*/
asmlinkage long sys_sched_getscheduler(pid_t pid)
{
struct task_struct *p;
int retval;
if (pid < 0)
return -EINVAL;
retval = -ESRCH;
read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
p = find_process_by_pid(pid);
if (p) {
retval = security_task_getscheduler(p);
if (!retval)
retval = p->policy;
}
read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
return retval;
}
/**
* sys_sched_getscheduler - get the RT priority of a thread
* @pid: the pid in question.
* @param: structure containing the RT priority.
*/
asmlinkage long sys_sched_getparam(pid_t pid, struct sched_param __user *param)
{
struct sched_param lp;
struct task_struct *p;
int retval;
if (!param || pid < 0)
return -EINVAL;
read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
p = find_process_by_pid(pid);
retval = -ESRCH;
if (!p)
goto out_unlock;
retval = security_task_getscheduler(p);
if (retval)
goto out_unlock;
lp.sched_priority = p->rt_priority;
read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
/*
* This one might sleep, we cannot do it with a spinlock held ...
*/
retval = copy_to_user(param, &lp, sizeof(*param)) ? -EFAULT : 0;
return retval;
out_unlock:
read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
return retval;
}
long sched_setaffinity(pid_t pid, const cpumask_t *in_mask)
{
cpumask_t cpus_allowed;
cpumask_t new_mask = *in_mask;
struct task_struct *p;
int retval;
get_online_cpus();
read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
p = find_process_by_pid(pid);
if (!p) {
read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
put_online_cpus();
return -ESRCH;
}
/*
* It is not safe to call set_cpus_allowed with the
* tasklist_lock held. We will bump the task_struct's
* usage count and then drop tasklist_lock.
*/
get_task_struct(p);
read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
retval = -EPERM;
if ((current->euid != p->euid) && (current->euid != p->uid) &&
!capable(CAP_SYS_NICE))
goto out_unlock;
retval = security_task_setscheduler(p, 0, NULL);
if (retval)
goto out_unlock;
cpuset_cpus_allowed(p, &cpus_allowed);
cpus_and(new_mask, new_mask, cpus_allowed);
again:
retval = set_cpus_allowed_ptr(p, &new_mask);
if (!retval) {
cpuset_cpus_allowed(p, &cpus_allowed);
if (!cpus_subset(new_mask, cpus_allowed)) {
/*
* We must have raced with a concurrent cpuset
* update. Just reset the cpus_allowed to the
* cpuset's cpus_allowed
*/
new_mask = cpus_allowed;
goto again;
}
}
out_unlock:
put_task_struct(p);
put_online_cpus();
return retval;
}
static int get_user_cpu_mask(unsigned long __user *user_mask_ptr, unsigned len,
cpumask_t *new_mask)
{
if (len < sizeof(cpumask_t)) {
memset(new_mask, 0, sizeof(cpumask_t));
} else if (len > sizeof(cpumask_t)) {
len = sizeof(cpumask_t);
}
return copy_from_user(new_mask, user_mask_ptr, len) ? -EFAULT : 0;
}
/**
* sys_sched_setaffinity - set the cpu affinity of a process
* @pid: pid of the process
* @len: length in bytes of the bitmask pointed to by user_mask_ptr
* @user_mask_ptr: user-space pointer to the new cpu mask
*/
asmlinkage long sys_sched_setaffinity(pid_t pid, unsigned int len,
unsigned long __user *user_mask_ptr)
{
cpumask_t new_mask;
int retval;
retval = get_user_cpu_mask(user_mask_ptr, len, &new_mask);
if (retval)
return retval;
return sched_setaffinity(pid, &new_mask);
}
long sched_getaffinity(pid_t pid, cpumask_t *mask)
{
struct task_struct *p;
int retval;
get_online_cpus();
read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
retval = -ESRCH;
p = find_process_by_pid(pid);
if (!p)
goto out_unlock;
retval = security_task_getscheduler(p);
if (retval)
goto out_unlock;
cpus_and(*mask, p->cpus_allowed, cpu_online_map);
out_unlock:
read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
put_online_cpus();
return retval;
}
/**
* sys_sched_getaffinity - get the cpu affinity of a process
* @pid: pid of the process
* @len: length in bytes of the bitmask pointed to by user_mask_ptr
* @user_mask_ptr: user-space pointer to hold the current cpu mask
*/
asmlinkage long sys_sched_getaffinity(pid_t pid, unsigned int len,
unsigned long __user *user_mask_ptr)
{
int ret;
cpumask_t mask;
if (len < sizeof(cpumask_t))
return -EINVAL;
ret = sched_getaffinity(pid, &mask);
if (ret < 0)
return ret;
if (copy_to_user(user_mask_ptr, &mask, sizeof(cpumask_t)))
return -EFAULT;
return sizeof(cpumask_t);
}
/**
* sys_sched_yield - yield the current processor to other threads.
*
* This function yields the current CPU to other tasks. If there are no
* other threads running on this CPU then this function will return.
*/
asmlinkage long sys_sched_yield(void)
{
struct rq *rq = this_rq_lock();
schedstat_inc(rq, yld_count);
current->sched_class->yield_task(rq);
/*
* Since we are going to call schedule() anyway, there's
* no need to preempt or enable interrupts:
*/
__release(rq->lock);
spin_release(&rq->lock.dep_map, 1, _THIS_IP_);
_raw_spin_unlock(&rq->lock);
preempt_enable_no_resched();
schedule();
return 0;
}
static void __cond_resched(void)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SPINLOCK_SLEEP
__might_sleep(__FILE__, __LINE__);
#endif
/*
* The BKS might be reacquired before we have dropped
* PREEMPT_ACTIVE, which could trigger a second
* cond_resched() call.
*/
do {
add_preempt_count(PREEMPT_ACTIVE);
schedule();
sub_preempt_count(PREEMPT_ACTIVE);
} while (need_resched());
}
int __sched _cond_resched(void)
{
if (need_resched() && !(preempt_count() & PREEMPT_ACTIVE) &&
system_state == SYSTEM_RUNNING) {
__cond_resched();
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(_cond_resched);
/*
* cond_resched_lock() - if a reschedule is pending, drop the given lock,
* call schedule, and on return reacquire the lock.
*
* This works OK both with and without CONFIG_PREEMPT. We do strange low-level
* operations here to prevent schedule() from being called twice (once via
* spin_unlock(), once by hand).
*/
int cond_resched_lock(spinlock_t *lock)
{
int resched = need_resched() && system_state == SYSTEM_RUNNING;
int ret = 0;
if (spin_needbreak(lock) || resched) {
spin_unlock(lock);
if (resched && need_resched())
__cond_resched();
else
cpu_relax();
ret = 1;
spin_lock(lock);
}
return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(cond_resched_lock);
int __sched cond_resched_softirq(void)
{
BUG_ON(!in_softirq());
if (need_resched() && system_state == SYSTEM_RUNNING) {
local_bh_enable();
__cond_resched();
local_bh_disable();
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(cond_resched_softirq);
/**
* yield - yield the current processor to other threads.
*
* This is a shortcut for kernel-space yielding - it marks the
* thread runnable and calls sys_sched_yield().
*/
void __sched yield(void)
{
set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
sys_sched_yield();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(yield);
/*
* This task is about to go to sleep on IO. Increment rq->nr_iowait so
* that process accounting knows that this is a task in IO wait state.
*
* But don't do that if it is a deliberate, throttling IO wait (this task
* has set its backing_dev_info: the queue against which it should throttle)
*/
void __sched io_schedule(void)
{
struct rq *rq = &__raw_get_cpu_var(runqueues);
delayacct_blkio_start();
atomic_inc(&rq->nr_iowait);
schedule();
atomic_dec(&rq->nr_iowait);
delayacct_blkio_end();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(io_schedule);
long __sched io_schedule_timeout(long timeout)
{
struct rq *rq = &__raw_get_cpu_var(runqueues);
long ret;
delayacct_blkio_start();
atomic_inc(&rq->nr_iowait);
ret = schedule_timeout(timeout);
atomic_dec(&rq->nr_iowait);
delayacct_blkio_end();
return ret;
}
/**
* sys_sched_get_priority_max - return maximum RT priority.
* @policy: scheduling class.
*
* this syscall returns the maximum rt_priority that can be used
* by a given scheduling class.
*/
asmlinkage long sys_sched_get_priority_max(int policy)
{
int ret = -EINVAL;
switch (policy) {
case SCHED_FIFO:
case SCHED_RR:
ret = MAX_USER_RT_PRIO-1;
break;
case SCHED_NORMAL:
case SCHED_BATCH:
case SCHED_IDLE:
ret = 0;
break;
}
return ret;
}
/**
* sys_sched_get_priority_min - return minimum RT priority.
* @policy: scheduling class.
*
* this syscall returns the minimum rt_priority that can be used
* by a given scheduling class.
*/
asmlinkage long sys_sched_get_priority_min(int policy)
{
int ret = -EINVAL;
switch (policy) {
case SCHED_FIFO:
case SCHED_RR:
ret = 1;
break;
case SCHED_NORMAL:
case SCHED_BATCH:
case SCHED_IDLE:
ret = 0;
}
return ret;
}
/**
* sys_sched_rr_get_interval - return the default timeslice of a process.
* @pid: pid of the process.
* @interval: userspace pointer to the timeslice value.
*
* this syscall writes the default timeslice value of a given process
* into the user-space timespec buffer. A value of '0' means infinity.
*/
asmlinkage
long sys_sched_rr_get_interval(pid_t pid, struct timespec __user *interval)
{
struct task_struct *p;
unsigned int time_slice;
int retval;
struct timespec t;
if (pid < 0)
return -EINVAL;
retval = -ESRCH;
read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
p = find_process_by_pid(pid);
if (!p)
goto out_unlock;
retval = security_task_getscheduler(p);
if (retval)
goto out_unlock;
/*
* Time slice is 0 for SCHED_FIFO tasks and for SCHED_OTHER
* tasks that are on an otherwise idle runqueue:
*/
time_slice = 0;
if (p->policy == SCHED_RR) {
time_slice = DEF_TIMESLICE;
} else if (p->policy != SCHED_FIFO) {
struct sched_entity *se = &p->se;
unsigned long flags;
struct rq *rq;
rq = task_rq_lock(p, &flags);
if (rq->cfs.load.weight)
time_slice = NS_TO_JIFFIES(sched_slice(&rq->cfs, se));
task_rq_unlock(rq, &flags);
}
read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
jiffies_to_timespec(time_slice, &t);
retval = copy_to_user(interval, &t, sizeof(t)) ? -EFAULT : 0;
return retval;
out_unlock:
read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
return retval;
}
static const char stat_nam[] = "RSDTtZX";
softlockup: automatically detect hung TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE tasks this patch extends the soft-lockup detector to automatically detect hung TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE tasks. Such hung tasks are printed the following way: ------------------> INFO: task prctl:3042 blocked for more than 120 seconds. "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message prctl D fd5e3793 0 3042 2997 f6050f38 00000046 00000001 fd5e3793 00000009 c06d8264 c06dae80 00000286 f6050f40 f6050f00 f7d34d90 f7d34fc8 c1e1be80 00000001 f6050000 00000000 f7e92d00 00000286 f6050f18 c0489d1a f6050f40 00006605 00000000 c0133a5b Call Trace: [<c04883a5>] schedule_timeout+0x6d/0x8b [<c04883d8>] schedule_timeout_uninterruptible+0x15/0x17 [<c0133a76>] msleep+0x10/0x16 [<c0138974>] sys_prctl+0x30/0x1e2 [<c0104c52>] sysenter_past_esp+0x5f/0xa5 ======================= 2 locks held by prctl/3042: #0: (&sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#5){--..}, at: [<c0197d11>] do_fsync+0x38/0x7a #1: (jbd_handle){--..}, at: [<c01ca3d2>] journal_start+0xc7/0xe9 <------------------ the current default timeout is 120 seconds. Such messages are printed up to 10 times per bootup. If the system has crashed already then the messages are not printed. if lockdep is enabled then all held locks are printed as well. this feature is a natural extension to the softlockup-detector (kernel locked up without scheduling) and to the NMI watchdog (kernel locked up with IRQs disabled). [ Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>: CPU hotplug fixes. ] [ Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: build warning fix. ] Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
2008-01-26 04:08:02 +08:00
void sched_show_task(struct task_struct *p)
{
unsigned long free = 0;
unsigned state;
state = p->state ? __ffs(p->state) + 1 : 0;
printk(KERN_INFO "%-13.13s %c", p->comm,
state < sizeof(stat_nam) - 1 ? stat_nam[state] : '?');
#if BITS_PER_LONG == 32
if (state == TASK_RUNNING)
printk(KERN_CONT " running ");
else
printk(KERN_CONT " %08lx ", thread_saved_pc(p));
#else
if (state == TASK_RUNNING)
printk(KERN_CONT " running task ");
else
printk(KERN_CONT " %016lx ", thread_saved_pc(p));
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_STACK_USAGE
{
unsigned long *n = end_of_stack(p);
while (!*n)
n++;
free = (unsigned long)n - (unsigned long)end_of_stack(p);
}
#endif
printk(KERN_CONT "%5lu %5d %6d\n", free,
task_pid_nr(p), task_pid_nr(p->real_parent));
show_stack(p, NULL);
}
void show_state_filter(unsigned long state_filter)
{
struct task_struct *g, *p;
#if BITS_PER_LONG == 32
printk(KERN_INFO
" task PC stack pid father\n");
#else
printk(KERN_INFO
" task PC stack pid father\n");
#endif
read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
do_each_thread(g, p) {
/*
* reset the NMI-timeout, listing all files on a slow
* console might take alot of time:
*/
touch_nmi_watchdog();
if (!state_filter || (p->state & state_filter))
softlockup: automatically detect hung TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE tasks this patch extends the soft-lockup detector to automatically detect hung TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE tasks. Such hung tasks are printed the following way: ------------------> INFO: task prctl:3042 blocked for more than 120 seconds. "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message prctl D fd5e3793 0 3042 2997 f6050f38 00000046 00000001 fd5e3793 00000009 c06d8264 c06dae80 00000286 f6050f40 f6050f00 f7d34d90 f7d34fc8 c1e1be80 00000001 f6050000 00000000 f7e92d00 00000286 f6050f18 c0489d1a f6050f40 00006605 00000000 c0133a5b Call Trace: [<c04883a5>] schedule_timeout+0x6d/0x8b [<c04883d8>] schedule_timeout_uninterruptible+0x15/0x17 [<c0133a76>] msleep+0x10/0x16 [<c0138974>] sys_prctl+0x30/0x1e2 [<c0104c52>] sysenter_past_esp+0x5f/0xa5 ======================= 2 locks held by prctl/3042: #0: (&sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#5){--..}, at: [<c0197d11>] do_fsync+0x38/0x7a #1: (jbd_handle){--..}, at: [<c01ca3d2>] journal_start+0xc7/0xe9 <------------------ the current default timeout is 120 seconds. Such messages are printed up to 10 times per bootup. If the system has crashed already then the messages are not printed. if lockdep is enabled then all held locks are printed as well. this feature is a natural extension to the softlockup-detector (kernel locked up without scheduling) and to the NMI watchdog (kernel locked up with IRQs disabled). [ Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>: CPU hotplug fixes. ] [ Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: build warning fix. ] Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
2008-01-26 04:08:02 +08:00
sched_show_task(p);
} while_each_thread(g, p);
touch_all_softlockup_watchdogs();
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG
sysrq_sched_debug_show();
#endif
read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
/*
* Only show locks if all tasks are dumped:
*/
if (state_filter == -1)
debug_show_all_locks();
}
void __cpuinit init_idle_bootup_task(struct task_struct *idle)
{
idle->sched_class = &idle_sched_class;
}
/**
* init_idle - set up an idle thread for a given CPU
* @idle: task in question
* @cpu: cpu the idle task belongs to
*
* NOTE: this function does not set the idle thread's NEED_RESCHED
* flag, to make booting more robust.
*/
void __cpuinit init_idle(struct task_struct *idle, int cpu)
{
struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
unsigned long flags;
__sched_fork(idle);
idle->se.exec_start = sched_clock();
idle->prio = idle->normal_prio = MAX_PRIO;
idle->cpus_allowed = cpumask_of_cpu(cpu);
__set_task_cpu(idle, cpu);
spin_lock_irqsave(&rq->lock, flags);
rq->curr = rq->idle = idle;
#if defined(CONFIG_SMP) && defined(__ARCH_WANT_UNLOCKED_CTXSW)
idle->oncpu = 1;
#endif
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rq->lock, flags);
/* Set the preempt count _outside_ the spinlocks! */
BKL: revert back to the old spinlock implementation The generic semaphore rewrite had a huge performance regression on AIM7 (and potentially other BKL-heavy benchmarks) because the generic semaphores had been rewritten to be simple to understand and fair. The latter, in particular, turns a semaphore-based BKL implementation into a mess of scheduling. The attempt to fix the performance regression failed miserably (see the previous commit 00b41ec2611dc98f87f30753ee00a53db648d662 'Revert "semaphore: fix"'), and so for now the simple and sane approach is to instead just go back to the old spinlock-based BKL implementation that never had any issues like this. This patch also has the advantage of being reported to fix the regression completely according to Yanmin Zhang, unlike the semaphore hack which still left a couple percentage point regression. As a spinlock, the BKL obviously has the potential to be a latency issue, but it's not really any different from any other spinlock in that respect. We do want to get rid of the BKL asap, but that has been the plan for several years. These days, the biggest users are in the tty layer (open/release in particular) and Alan holds out some hope: "tty release is probably a few months away from getting cured - I'm afraid it will almost certainly be the very last user of the BKL in tty to get fixed as it depends on everything else being sanely locked." so while we're not there yet, we do have a plan of action. Tested-by: Yanmin Zhang <yanmin_zhang@linux.intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <matthew@wil.cx> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@ftp.linux.org.uk> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-05-11 11:58:02 +08:00
#if defined(CONFIG_PREEMPT)
task_thread_info(idle)->preempt_count = (idle->lock_depth >= 0);
#else
task_thread_info(idle)->preempt_count = 0;
BKL: revert back to the old spinlock implementation The generic semaphore rewrite had a huge performance regression on AIM7 (and potentially other BKL-heavy benchmarks) because the generic semaphores had been rewritten to be simple to understand and fair. The latter, in particular, turns a semaphore-based BKL implementation into a mess of scheduling. The attempt to fix the performance regression failed miserably (see the previous commit 00b41ec2611dc98f87f30753ee00a53db648d662 'Revert "semaphore: fix"'), and so for now the simple and sane approach is to instead just go back to the old spinlock-based BKL implementation that never had any issues like this. This patch also has the advantage of being reported to fix the regression completely according to Yanmin Zhang, unlike the semaphore hack which still left a couple percentage point regression. As a spinlock, the BKL obviously has the potential to be a latency issue, but it's not really any different from any other spinlock in that respect. We do want to get rid of the BKL asap, but that has been the plan for several years. These days, the biggest users are in the tty layer (open/release in particular) and Alan holds out some hope: "tty release is probably a few months away from getting cured - I'm afraid it will almost certainly be the very last user of the BKL in tty to get fixed as it depends on everything else being sanely locked." so while we're not there yet, we do have a plan of action. Tested-by: Yanmin Zhang <yanmin_zhang@linux.intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <matthew@wil.cx> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@ftp.linux.org.uk> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-05-11 11:58:02 +08:00
#endif
/*
* The idle tasks have their own, simple scheduling class:
*/
idle->sched_class = &idle_sched_class;
}
/*
* In a system that switches off the HZ timer nohz_cpu_mask
* indicates which cpus entered this state. This is used
* in the rcu update to wait only for active cpus. For system
* which do not switch off the HZ timer nohz_cpu_mask should
* always be CPU_MASK_NONE.
*/
cpumask_t nohz_cpu_mask = CPU_MASK_NONE;
/*
* Increase the granularity value when there are more CPUs,
* because with more CPUs the 'effective latency' as visible
* to users decreases. But the relationship is not linear,
* so pick a second-best guess by going with the log2 of the
* number of CPUs.
*
* This idea comes from the SD scheduler of Con Kolivas:
*/
static inline void sched_init_granularity(void)
{
unsigned int factor = 1 + ilog2(num_online_cpus());
const unsigned long limit = 200000000;
sysctl_sched_min_granularity *= factor;
if (sysctl_sched_min_granularity > limit)
sysctl_sched_min_granularity = limit;
sysctl_sched_latency *= factor;
if (sysctl_sched_latency > limit)
sysctl_sched_latency = limit;
sysctl_sched_wakeup_granularity *= factor;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
/*
* This is how migration works:
*
* 1) we queue a struct migration_req structure in the source CPU's
* runqueue and wake up that CPU's migration thread.
* 2) we down() the locked semaphore => thread blocks.
* 3) migration thread wakes up (implicitly it forces the migrated
* thread off the CPU)
* 4) it gets the migration request and checks whether the migrated
* task is still in the wrong runqueue.
* 5) if it's in the wrong runqueue then the migration thread removes
* it and puts it into the right queue.
* 6) migration thread up()s the semaphore.
* 7) we wake up and the migration is done.
*/
/*
* Change a given task's CPU affinity. Migrate the thread to a
* proper CPU and schedule it away if the CPU it's executing on
* is removed from the allowed bitmask.
*
* NOTE: the caller must have a valid reference to the task, the
* task must not exit() & deallocate itself prematurely. The
* call is not atomic; no spinlocks may be held.
*/
int set_cpus_allowed_ptr(struct task_struct *p, const cpumask_t *new_mask)
{
struct migration_req req;
unsigned long flags;
struct rq *rq;
int ret = 0;
rq = task_rq_lock(p, &flags);
if (!cpus_intersects(*new_mask, cpu_online_map)) {
ret = -EINVAL;
goto out;
}
if (unlikely((p->flags & PF_THREAD_BOUND) && p != current &&
!cpus_equal(p->cpus_allowed, *new_mask))) {
ret = -EINVAL;
goto out;
}
sched: add RT-balance cpu-weight Some RT tasks (particularly kthreads) are bound to one specific CPU. It is fairly common for two or more bound tasks to get queued up at the same time. Consider, for instance, softirq_timer and softirq_sched. A timer goes off in an ISR which schedules softirq_thread to run at RT50. Then the timer handler determines that it's time to smp-rebalance the system so it schedules softirq_sched to run. So we are in a situation where we have two RT50 tasks queued, and the system will go into rt-overload condition to request other CPUs for help. This causes two problems in the current code: 1) If a high-priority bound task and a low-priority unbounded task queue up behind the running task, we will fail to ever relocate the unbounded task because we terminate the search on the first unmovable task. 2) We spend precious futile cycles in the fast-path trying to pull overloaded tasks over. It is therefore optimial to strive to avoid the overhead all together if we can cheaply detect the condition before overload even occurs. This patch tries to achieve this optimization by utilizing the hamming weight of the task->cpus_allowed mask. A weight of 1 indicates that the task cannot be migrated. We will then utilize this information to skip non-migratable tasks and to eliminate uncessary rebalance attempts. We introduce a per-rq variable to count the number of migratable tasks that are currently running. We only go into overload if we have more than one rt task, AND at least one of them is migratable. In addition, we introduce a per-task variable to cache the cpus_allowed weight, since the hamming calculation is probably relatively expensive. We only update the cached value when the mask is updated which should be relatively infrequent, especially compared to scheduling frequency in the fast path. Signed-off-by: Gregory Haskins <ghaskins@novell.com> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-01-26 04:08:07 +08:00
if (p->sched_class->set_cpus_allowed)
p->sched_class->set_cpus_allowed(p, new_mask);
sched: add RT-balance cpu-weight Some RT tasks (particularly kthreads) are bound to one specific CPU. It is fairly common for two or more bound tasks to get queued up at the same time. Consider, for instance, softirq_timer and softirq_sched. A timer goes off in an ISR which schedules softirq_thread to run at RT50. Then the timer handler determines that it's time to smp-rebalance the system so it schedules softirq_sched to run. So we are in a situation where we have two RT50 tasks queued, and the system will go into rt-overload condition to request other CPUs for help. This causes two problems in the current code: 1) If a high-priority bound task and a low-priority unbounded task queue up behind the running task, we will fail to ever relocate the unbounded task because we terminate the search on the first unmovable task. 2) We spend precious futile cycles in the fast-path trying to pull overloaded tasks over. It is therefore optimial to strive to avoid the overhead all together if we can cheaply detect the condition before overload even occurs. This patch tries to achieve this optimization by utilizing the hamming weight of the task->cpus_allowed mask. A weight of 1 indicates that the task cannot be migrated. We will then utilize this information to skip non-migratable tasks and to eliminate uncessary rebalance attempts. We introduce a per-rq variable to count the number of migratable tasks that are currently running. We only go into overload if we have more than one rt task, AND at least one of them is migratable. In addition, we introduce a per-task variable to cache the cpus_allowed weight, since the hamming calculation is probably relatively expensive. We only update the cached value when the mask is updated which should be relatively infrequent, especially compared to scheduling frequency in the fast path. Signed-off-by: Gregory Haskins <ghaskins@novell.com> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-01-26 04:08:07 +08:00
else {
p->cpus_allowed = *new_mask;
p->rt.nr_cpus_allowed = cpus_weight(*new_mask);
sched: add RT-balance cpu-weight Some RT tasks (particularly kthreads) are bound to one specific CPU. It is fairly common for two or more bound tasks to get queued up at the same time. Consider, for instance, softirq_timer and softirq_sched. A timer goes off in an ISR which schedules softirq_thread to run at RT50. Then the timer handler determines that it's time to smp-rebalance the system so it schedules softirq_sched to run. So we are in a situation where we have two RT50 tasks queued, and the system will go into rt-overload condition to request other CPUs for help. This causes two problems in the current code: 1) If a high-priority bound task and a low-priority unbounded task queue up behind the running task, we will fail to ever relocate the unbounded task because we terminate the search on the first unmovable task. 2) We spend precious futile cycles in the fast-path trying to pull overloaded tasks over. It is therefore optimial to strive to avoid the overhead all together if we can cheaply detect the condition before overload even occurs. This patch tries to achieve this optimization by utilizing the hamming weight of the task->cpus_allowed mask. A weight of 1 indicates that the task cannot be migrated. We will then utilize this information to skip non-migratable tasks and to eliminate uncessary rebalance attempts. We introduce a per-rq variable to count the number of migratable tasks that are currently running. We only go into overload if we have more than one rt task, AND at least one of them is migratable. In addition, we introduce a per-task variable to cache the cpus_allowed weight, since the hamming calculation is probably relatively expensive. We only update the cached value when the mask is updated which should be relatively infrequent, especially compared to scheduling frequency in the fast path. Signed-off-by: Gregory Haskins <ghaskins@novell.com> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-01-26 04:08:07 +08:00
}
/* Can the task run on the task's current CPU? If so, we're done */
if (cpu_isset(task_cpu(p), *new_mask))
goto out;
if (migrate_task(p, any_online_cpu(*new_mask), &req)) {
/* Need help from migration thread: drop lock and wait. */
task_rq_unlock(rq, &flags);
wake_up_process(rq->migration_thread);
wait_for_completion(&req.done);
tlb_migrate_finish(p->mm);
return 0;
}
out:
task_rq_unlock(rq, &flags);
return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(set_cpus_allowed_ptr);
/*
* Move (not current) task off this cpu, onto dest cpu. We're doing
* this because either it can't run here any more (set_cpus_allowed()
* away from this CPU, or CPU going down), or because we're
* attempting to rebalance this task on exec (sched_exec).
*
* So we race with normal scheduler movements, but that's OK, as long
* as the task is no longer on this CPU.
*
* Returns non-zero if task was successfully migrated.
*/
static int __migrate_task(struct task_struct *p, int src_cpu, int dest_cpu)
{
struct rq *rq_dest, *rq_src;
int ret = 0, on_rq;
if (unlikely(cpu_is_offline(dest_cpu)))
return ret;
rq_src = cpu_rq(src_cpu);
rq_dest = cpu_rq(dest_cpu);
double_rq_lock(rq_src, rq_dest);
/* Already moved. */
if (task_cpu(p) != src_cpu)
goto out;
/* Affinity changed (again). */
if (!cpu_isset(dest_cpu, p->cpus_allowed))
goto out;
on_rq = p->se.on_rq;
if (on_rq)
deactivate_task(rq_src, p, 0);
set_task_cpu(p, dest_cpu);
if (on_rq) {
activate_task(rq_dest, p, 0);
check_preempt_curr(rq_dest, p);
}
ret = 1;
out:
double_rq_unlock(rq_src, rq_dest);
return ret;
}
/*
* migration_thread - this is a highprio system thread that performs
* thread migration by bumping thread off CPU then 'pushing' onto
* another runqueue.
*/
static int migration_thread(void *data)
{
int cpu = (long)data;
struct rq *rq;
rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
BUG_ON(rq->migration_thread != current);
set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
struct migration_req *req;
struct list_head *head;
spin_lock_irq(&rq->lock);
if (cpu_is_offline(cpu)) {
spin_unlock_irq(&rq->lock);
goto wait_to_die;
}
if (rq->active_balance) {
active_load_balance(rq, cpu);
rq->active_balance = 0;
}
head = &rq->migration_queue;
if (list_empty(head)) {
spin_unlock_irq(&rq->lock);
schedule();
set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
continue;
}
req = list_entry(head->next, struct migration_req, list);
list_del_init(head->next);
spin_unlock(&rq->lock);
__migrate_task(req->task, cpu, req->dest_cpu);
local_irq_enable();
complete(&req->done);
}
__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
return 0;
wait_to_die:
/* Wait for kthread_stop */
set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
schedule();
set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
}
__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
return 0;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
static int __migrate_task_irq(struct task_struct *p, int src_cpu, int dest_cpu)
{
int ret;
local_irq_disable();
ret = __migrate_task(p, src_cpu, dest_cpu);
local_irq_enable();
return ret;
}
/*
* Figure out where task on dead CPU should go, use force if necessary.
* NOTE: interrupts should be disabled by the caller
*/
static void move_task_off_dead_cpu(int dead_cpu, struct task_struct *p)
{
unsigned long flags;
cpumask_t mask;
struct rq *rq;
int dest_cpu;
do {
/* On same node? */
mask = node_to_cpumask(cpu_to_node(dead_cpu));
cpus_and(mask, mask, p->cpus_allowed);
dest_cpu = any_online_cpu(mask);
/* On any allowed CPU? */
if (dest_cpu >= nr_cpu_ids)
dest_cpu = any_online_cpu(p->cpus_allowed);
/* No more Mr. Nice Guy. */
if (dest_cpu >= nr_cpu_ids) {
cpumask_t cpus_allowed;
cpuset_cpus_allowed_locked(p, &cpus_allowed);
hotplug cpu: migrate a task within its cpuset When a cpu is disabled, move_task_off_dead_cpu() is called for tasks that have been running on that cpu. Currently, such a task is migrated: 1) to any cpu on the same node as the disabled cpu, which is both online and among that task's cpus_allowed 2) to any cpu which is both online and among that task's cpus_allowed It is typical of a multithreaded application running on a large NUMA system to have its tasks confined to a cpuset so as to cluster them near the memory that they share. Furthermore, it is typical to explicitly place such a task on a specific cpu in that cpuset. And in that case the task's cpus_allowed includes only a single cpu. This patch would insert a preference to migrate such a task to some cpu within its cpuset (and set its cpus_allowed to its entire cpuset). With this patch, migrate the task to: 1) to any cpu on the same node as the disabled cpu, which is both online and among that task's cpus_allowed 2) to any online cpu within the task's cpuset 3) to any cpu which is both online and among that task's cpus_allowed In order to do this, move_task_off_dead_cpu() must make a call to cpuset_cpus_allowed_locked(), a new subset of cpuset_cpus_allowed(), that will not block. (name change - per Oleg's suggestion) Calls are made to cpuset_lock() and cpuset_unlock() in migration_call() to set the cpuset mutex during the whole migrate_live_tasks() and migrate_dead_tasks() procedure. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix] [pj@sgi.com: Fix indentation and spacing] Signed-off-by: Cliff Wickman <cpw@sgi.com> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru> Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-19 14:40:46 +08:00
/*
* Try to stay on the same cpuset, where the
* current cpuset may be a subset of all cpus.
* The cpuset_cpus_allowed_locked() variant of
* cpuset_cpus_allowed() will not block. It must be
hotplug cpu: migrate a task within its cpuset When a cpu is disabled, move_task_off_dead_cpu() is called for tasks that have been running on that cpu. Currently, such a task is migrated: 1) to any cpu on the same node as the disabled cpu, which is both online and among that task's cpus_allowed 2) to any cpu which is both online and among that task's cpus_allowed It is typical of a multithreaded application running on a large NUMA system to have its tasks confined to a cpuset so as to cluster them near the memory that they share. Furthermore, it is typical to explicitly place such a task on a specific cpu in that cpuset. And in that case the task's cpus_allowed includes only a single cpu. This patch would insert a preference to migrate such a task to some cpu within its cpuset (and set its cpus_allowed to its entire cpuset). With this patch, migrate the task to: 1) to any cpu on the same node as the disabled cpu, which is both online and among that task's cpus_allowed 2) to any online cpu within the task's cpuset 3) to any cpu which is both online and among that task's cpus_allowed In order to do this, move_task_off_dead_cpu() must make a call to cpuset_cpus_allowed_locked(), a new subset of cpuset_cpus_allowed(), that will not block. (name change - per Oleg's suggestion) Calls are made to cpuset_lock() and cpuset_unlock() in migration_call() to set the cpuset mutex during the whole migrate_live_tasks() and migrate_dead_tasks() procedure. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix] [pj@sgi.com: Fix indentation and spacing] Signed-off-by: Cliff Wickman <cpw@sgi.com> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru> Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-19 14:40:46 +08:00
* called within calls to cpuset_lock/cpuset_unlock.
*/
rq = task_rq_lock(p, &flags);
hotplug cpu: migrate a task within its cpuset When a cpu is disabled, move_task_off_dead_cpu() is called for tasks that have been running on that cpu. Currently, such a task is migrated: 1) to any cpu on the same node as the disabled cpu, which is both online and among that task's cpus_allowed 2) to any cpu which is both online and among that task's cpus_allowed It is typical of a multithreaded application running on a large NUMA system to have its tasks confined to a cpuset so as to cluster them near the memory that they share. Furthermore, it is typical to explicitly place such a task on a specific cpu in that cpuset. And in that case the task's cpus_allowed includes only a single cpu. This patch would insert a preference to migrate such a task to some cpu within its cpuset (and set its cpus_allowed to its entire cpuset). With this patch, migrate the task to: 1) to any cpu on the same node as the disabled cpu, which is both online and among that task's cpus_allowed 2) to any online cpu within the task's cpuset 3) to any cpu which is both online and among that task's cpus_allowed In order to do this, move_task_off_dead_cpu() must make a call to cpuset_cpus_allowed_locked(), a new subset of cpuset_cpus_allowed(), that will not block. (name change - per Oleg's suggestion) Calls are made to cpuset_lock() and cpuset_unlock() in migration_call() to set the cpuset mutex during the whole migrate_live_tasks() and migrate_dead_tasks() procedure. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix] [pj@sgi.com: Fix indentation and spacing] Signed-off-by: Cliff Wickman <cpw@sgi.com> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru> Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-19 14:40:46 +08:00
p->cpus_allowed = cpus_allowed;
dest_cpu = any_online_cpu(p->cpus_allowed);
task_rq_unlock(rq, &flags);
/*
* Don't tell them about moving exiting tasks or
* kernel threads (both mm NULL), since they never
* leave kernel.
*/
if (p->mm && printk_ratelimit()) {
printk(KERN_INFO "process %d (%s) no "
"longer affine to cpu%d\n",
task_pid_nr(p), p->comm, dead_cpu);
}
}
} while (!__migrate_task_irq(p, dead_cpu, dest_cpu));
}
/*
* While a dead CPU has no uninterruptible tasks queued at this point,
* it might still have a nonzero ->nr_uninterruptible counter, because
* for performance reasons the counter is not stricly tracking tasks to
* their home CPUs. So we just add the counter to another CPU's counter,
* to keep the global sum constant after CPU-down:
*/
static void migrate_nr_uninterruptible(struct rq *rq_src)
{
struct rq *rq_dest = cpu_rq(any_online_cpu(*CPU_MASK_ALL_PTR));
unsigned long flags;
local_irq_save(flags);
double_rq_lock(rq_src, rq_dest);
rq_dest->nr_uninterruptible += rq_src->nr_uninterruptible;
rq_src->nr_uninterruptible = 0;
double_rq_unlock(rq_src, rq_dest);
local_irq_restore(flags);
}
/* Run through task list and migrate tasks from the dead cpu. */
static void migrate_live_tasks(int src_cpu)
{
struct task_struct *p, *t;
read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
do_each_thread(t, p) {
if (p == current)
continue;
if (task_cpu(p) == src_cpu)
move_task_off_dead_cpu(src_cpu, p);
} while_each_thread(t, p);
read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
}
/*
* Schedules idle task to be the next runnable task on current CPU.
* It does so by boosting its priority to highest possible.
* Used by CPU offline code.
*/
void sched_idle_next(void)
{
int this_cpu = smp_processor_id();
struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(this_cpu);
struct task_struct *p = rq->idle;
unsigned long flags;
/* cpu has to be offline */
BUG_ON(cpu_online(this_cpu));
/*
* Strictly not necessary since rest of the CPUs are stopped by now
* and interrupts disabled on the current cpu.
*/
spin_lock_irqsave(&rq->lock, flags);
__setscheduler(rq, p, SCHED_FIFO, MAX_RT_PRIO-1);
update_rq_clock(rq);
activate_task(rq, p, 0);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rq->lock, flags);
}
/*
* Ensures that the idle task is using init_mm right before its cpu goes
* offline.
*/
void idle_task_exit(void)
{
struct mm_struct *mm = current->active_mm;
BUG_ON(cpu_online(smp_processor_id()));
if (mm != &init_mm)
switch_mm(mm, &init_mm, current);
mmdrop(mm);
}
/* called under rq->lock with disabled interrupts */
static void migrate_dead(unsigned int dead_cpu, struct task_struct *p)
{
struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(dead_cpu);
/* Must be exiting, otherwise would be on tasklist. */
BUG_ON(!p->exit_state);
/* Cannot have done final schedule yet: would have vanished. */
BUG_ON(p->state == TASK_DEAD);
get_task_struct(p);
/*
* Drop lock around migration; if someone else moves it,
* that's OK. No task can be added to this CPU, so iteration is
* fine.
*/
spin_unlock_irq(&rq->lock);
move_task_off_dead_cpu(dead_cpu, p);
spin_lock_irq(&rq->lock);
put_task_struct(p);
}
/* release_task() removes task from tasklist, so we won't find dead tasks. */
static void migrate_dead_tasks(unsigned int dead_cpu)
{
struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(dead_cpu);
struct task_struct *next;
for ( ; ; ) {
if (!rq->nr_running)
break;
update_rq_clock(rq);
next = pick_next_task(rq, rq->curr);
if (!next)
break;
next->sched_class->put_prev_task(rq, next);
migrate_dead(dead_cpu, next);
}
}
#endif /* CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */
#if defined(CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG) && defined(CONFIG_SYSCTL)
static struct ctl_table sd_ctl_dir[] = {
{
.procname = "sched_domain",
.mode = 0555,
},
{0, },
};
static struct ctl_table sd_ctl_root[] = {
{
.ctl_name = CTL_KERN,
.procname = "kernel",
.mode = 0555,
.child = sd_ctl_dir,
},
{0, },
};
static struct ctl_table *sd_alloc_ctl_entry(int n)
{
struct ctl_table *entry =
kcalloc(n, sizeof(struct ctl_table), GFP_KERNEL);
return entry;
}
static void sd_free_ctl_entry(struct ctl_table **tablep)
{
struct ctl_table *entry;
/*
* In the intermediate directories, both the child directory and
* procname are dynamically allocated and could fail but the mode
* will always be set. In the lowest directory the names are
* static strings and all have proc handlers.
*/
for (entry = *tablep; entry->mode; entry++) {
if (entry->child)
sd_free_ctl_entry(&entry->child);
if (entry->proc_handler == NULL)
kfree(entry->procname);
}
kfree(*tablep);
*tablep = NULL;
}
static void
set_table_entry(struct ctl_table *entry,
const char *procname, void *data, int maxlen,
mode_t mode, proc_handler *proc_handler)
{
entry->procname = procname;
entry->data = data;
entry->maxlen = maxlen;
entry->mode = mode;
entry->proc_handler = proc_handler;
}
static struct ctl_table *
sd_alloc_ctl_domain_table(struct sched_domain *sd)
{
struct ctl_table *table = sd_alloc_ctl_entry(12);
if (table == NULL)
return NULL;
set_table_entry(&table[0], "min_interval", &sd->min_interval,
sizeof(long), 0644, proc_doulongvec_minmax);
set_table_entry(&table[1], "max_interval", &sd->max_interval,
sizeof(long), 0644, proc_doulongvec_minmax);
set_table_entry(&table[2], "busy_idx", &sd->busy_idx,
sizeof(int), 0644, proc_dointvec_minmax);
set_table_entry(&table[3], "idle_idx", &sd->idle_idx,
sizeof(int), 0644, proc_dointvec_minmax);
set_table_entry(&table[4], "newidle_idx", &sd->newidle_idx,
sizeof(int), 0644, proc_dointvec_minmax);
set_table_entry(&table[5], "wake_idx", &sd->wake_idx,
sizeof(int), 0644, proc_dointvec_minmax);
set_table_entry(&table[6], "forkexec_idx", &sd->forkexec_idx,
sizeof(int), 0644, proc_dointvec_minmax);
set_table_entry(&table[7], "busy_factor", &sd->busy_factor,
sizeof(int), 0644, proc_dointvec_minmax);
set_table_entry(&table[8], "imbalance_pct", &sd->imbalance_pct,
sizeof(int), 0644, proc_dointvec_minmax);
set_table_entry(&table[9], "cache_nice_tries",
&sd->cache_nice_tries,
sizeof(int), 0644, proc_dointvec_minmax);
set_table_entry(&table[10], "flags", &sd->flags,
sizeof(int), 0644, proc_dointvec_minmax);
/* &table[11] is terminator */
return table;
}
static ctl_table *sd_alloc_ctl_cpu_table(int cpu)
{
struct ctl_table *entry, *table;
struct sched_domain *sd;
int domain_num = 0, i;
char buf[32];
for_each_domain(cpu, sd)
domain_num++;
entry = table = sd_alloc_ctl_entry(domain_num + 1);
if (table == NULL)
return NULL;
i = 0;
for_each_domain(cpu, sd) {
snprintf(buf, 32, "domain%d", i);
entry->procname = kstrdup(buf, GFP_KERNEL);
entry->mode = 0555;
entry->child = sd_alloc_ctl_domain_table(sd);
entry++;
i++;
}
return table;
}
static struct ctl_table_header *sd_sysctl_header;
static void register_sched_domain_sysctl(void)
{
int i, cpu_num = num_online_cpus();
struct ctl_table *entry = sd_alloc_ctl_entry(cpu_num + 1);
char buf[32];
sched: fix sched_domain sysctl registration again commit 029190c515f15f512ac85de8fc686d4dbd0ae731 (cpuset sched_load_balance flag) was not tested SCHED_DEBUG enabled as committed as it dereferences NULL when used and it reordered the sysctl registration to cause it to never show any domains or their tunables. Fixes: 1) restore arch_init_sched_domains ordering we can't walk the domains before we build them presently we register cpus with empty directories (no domain directories or files). 2) make unregister_sched_domain_sysctl do nothing when already unregistered detach_destroy_domains is now called one set of cpus at a time unregister_syctl dereferences NULL if called with a null. While the the function would always dereference null if called twice, in the previous code it was always called once and then was followed a register. So only the hidden bug of the sysctl_root_table not being allocated followed by an attempt to free it would have shown the error. 3) always call unregister and register in partition_sched_domains The code is "smart" about unregistering only needed domains. Since we aren't guaranteed any calls to unregister, always unregister. Without calling register on the way out we will not have a table or any sysctl tree. 4) warn if register is called without unregistering The previous table memory is lost, leaving pointers to the later freed memory in sysctl and leaking the memory of the tables. Before this patch on a 2-core 4-thread box compiled for SMT and NUMA, the domains appear empty (there are actually 3 levels per cpu). And as soon as two domains a null pointer is dereferenced (unreliable in this case is stack garbage): bu19a:~# ls -R /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/ /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/: cpu0 cpu1 cpu2 cpu3 /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu0: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu1: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu2: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu3: bu19a:~# mkdir /dev/cpuset bu19a:~# mount -tcpuset cpuset /dev/cpuset/ bu19a:~# cd /dev/cpuset/ bu19a:/dev/cpuset# echo 0 > sched_load_balance bu19a:/dev/cpuset# mkdir one bu19a:/dev/cpuset# echo 1 > one/cpus bu19a:/dev/cpuset# echo 0 > one/sched_load_balance Unable to handle kernel paging request for data at address 0x00000018 Faulting instruction address: 0xc00000000006b608 NIP: c00000000006b608 LR: c00000000006b604 CTR: 0000000000000000 REGS: c000000018d973f0 TRAP: 0300 Not tainted (2.6.23-bml) MSR: 9000000000009032 <EE,ME,IR,DR> CR: 28242442 XER: 00000000 DAR: 0000000000000018, DSISR: 0000000040000000 TASK = c00000001912e340[1987] 'bash' THREAD: c000000018d94000 CPU: 2 .. NIP [c00000000006b608] .unregister_sysctl_table+0x38/0x110 LR [c00000000006b604] .unregister_sysctl_table+0x34/0x110 Call Trace: [c000000018d97670] [c000000007017270] 0xc000000007017270 (unreliable) [c000000018d97720] [c000000000058710] .detach_destroy_domains+0x30/0xb0 [c000000018d977b0] [c00000000005cf1c] .partition_sched_domains+0x1bc/0x230 [c000000018d97870] [c00000000009fdc4] .rebuild_sched_domains+0xb4/0x4c0 [c000000018d97970] [c0000000000a02e8] .update_flag+0x118/0x170 [c000000018d97a80] [c0000000000a1768] .cpuset_common_file_write+0x568/0x820 [c000000018d97c00] [c00000000009d95c] .cgroup_file_write+0x7c/0x180 [c000000018d97cf0] [c0000000000e76b8] .vfs_write+0xe8/0x1b0 [c000000018d97d90] [c0000000000e810c] .sys_write+0x4c/0x90 [c000000018d97e30] [c00000000000852c] syscall_exit+0x0/0x40 Signed-off-by: Milton Miller <miltonm@bga.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-10-25 00:23:48 +08:00
WARN_ON(sd_ctl_dir[0].child);
sd_ctl_dir[0].child = entry;
if (entry == NULL)
return;
for_each_online_cpu(i) {
snprintf(buf, 32, "cpu%d", i);
entry->procname = kstrdup(buf, GFP_KERNEL);
entry->mode = 0555;
entry->child = sd_alloc_ctl_cpu_table(i);
entry++;
}
sched: fix sched_domain sysctl registration again commit 029190c515f15f512ac85de8fc686d4dbd0ae731 (cpuset sched_load_balance flag) was not tested SCHED_DEBUG enabled as committed as it dereferences NULL when used and it reordered the sysctl registration to cause it to never show any domains or their tunables. Fixes: 1) restore arch_init_sched_domains ordering we can't walk the domains before we build them presently we register cpus with empty directories (no domain directories or files). 2) make unregister_sched_domain_sysctl do nothing when already unregistered detach_destroy_domains is now called one set of cpus at a time unregister_syctl dereferences NULL if called with a null. While the the function would always dereference null if called twice, in the previous code it was always called once and then was followed a register. So only the hidden bug of the sysctl_root_table not being allocated followed by an attempt to free it would have shown the error. 3) always call unregister and register in partition_sched_domains The code is "smart" about unregistering only needed domains. Since we aren't guaranteed any calls to unregister, always unregister. Without calling register on the way out we will not have a table or any sysctl tree. 4) warn if register is called without unregistering The previous table memory is lost, leaving pointers to the later freed memory in sysctl and leaking the memory of the tables. Before this patch on a 2-core 4-thread box compiled for SMT and NUMA, the domains appear empty (there are actually 3 levels per cpu). And as soon as two domains a null pointer is dereferenced (unreliable in this case is stack garbage): bu19a:~# ls -R /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/ /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/: cpu0 cpu1 cpu2 cpu3 /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu0: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu1: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu2: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu3: bu19a:~# mkdir /dev/cpuset bu19a:~# mount -tcpuset cpuset /dev/cpuset/ bu19a:~# cd /dev/cpuset/ bu19a:/dev/cpuset# echo 0 > sched_load_balance bu19a:/dev/cpuset# mkdir one bu19a:/dev/cpuset# echo 1 > one/cpus bu19a:/dev/cpuset# echo 0 > one/sched_load_balance Unable to handle kernel paging request for data at address 0x00000018 Faulting instruction address: 0xc00000000006b608 NIP: c00000000006b608 LR: c00000000006b604 CTR: 0000000000000000 REGS: c000000018d973f0 TRAP: 0300 Not tainted (2.6.23-bml) MSR: 9000000000009032 <EE,ME,IR,DR> CR: 28242442 XER: 00000000 DAR: 0000000000000018, DSISR: 0000000040000000 TASK = c00000001912e340[1987] 'bash' THREAD: c000000018d94000 CPU: 2 .. NIP [c00000000006b608] .unregister_sysctl_table+0x38/0x110 LR [c00000000006b604] .unregister_sysctl_table+0x34/0x110 Call Trace: [c000000018d97670] [c000000007017270] 0xc000000007017270 (unreliable) [c000000018d97720] [c000000000058710] .detach_destroy_domains+0x30/0xb0 [c000000018d977b0] [c00000000005cf1c] .partition_sched_domains+0x1bc/0x230 [c000000018d97870] [c00000000009fdc4] .rebuild_sched_domains+0xb4/0x4c0 [c000000018d97970] [c0000000000a02e8] .update_flag+0x118/0x170 [c000000018d97a80] [c0000000000a1768] .cpuset_common_file_write+0x568/0x820 [c000000018d97c00] [c00000000009d95c] .cgroup_file_write+0x7c/0x180 [c000000018d97cf0] [c0000000000e76b8] .vfs_write+0xe8/0x1b0 [c000000018d97d90] [c0000000000e810c] .sys_write+0x4c/0x90 [c000000018d97e30] [c00000000000852c] syscall_exit+0x0/0x40 Signed-off-by: Milton Miller <miltonm@bga.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-10-25 00:23:48 +08:00
WARN_ON(sd_sysctl_header);
sd_sysctl_header = register_sysctl_table(sd_ctl_root);
}
sched: fix sched_domain sysctl registration again commit 029190c515f15f512ac85de8fc686d4dbd0ae731 (cpuset sched_load_balance flag) was not tested SCHED_DEBUG enabled as committed as it dereferences NULL when used and it reordered the sysctl registration to cause it to never show any domains or their tunables. Fixes: 1) restore arch_init_sched_domains ordering we can't walk the domains before we build them presently we register cpus with empty directories (no domain directories or files). 2) make unregister_sched_domain_sysctl do nothing when already unregistered detach_destroy_domains is now called one set of cpus at a time unregister_syctl dereferences NULL if called with a null. While the the function would always dereference null if called twice, in the previous code it was always called once and then was followed a register. So only the hidden bug of the sysctl_root_table not being allocated followed by an attempt to free it would have shown the error. 3) always call unregister and register in partition_sched_domains The code is "smart" about unregistering only needed domains. Since we aren't guaranteed any calls to unregister, always unregister. Without calling register on the way out we will not have a table or any sysctl tree. 4) warn if register is called without unregistering The previous table memory is lost, leaving pointers to the later freed memory in sysctl and leaking the memory of the tables. Before this patch on a 2-core 4-thread box compiled for SMT and NUMA, the domains appear empty (there are actually 3 levels per cpu). And as soon as two domains a null pointer is dereferenced (unreliable in this case is stack garbage): bu19a:~# ls -R /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/ /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/: cpu0 cpu1 cpu2 cpu3 /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu0: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu1: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu2: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu3: bu19a:~# mkdir /dev/cpuset bu19a:~# mount -tcpuset cpuset /dev/cpuset/ bu19a:~# cd /dev/cpuset/ bu19a:/dev/cpuset# echo 0 > sched_load_balance bu19a:/dev/cpuset# mkdir one bu19a:/dev/cpuset# echo 1 > one/cpus bu19a:/dev/cpuset# echo 0 > one/sched_load_balance Unable to handle kernel paging request for data at address 0x00000018 Faulting instruction address: 0xc00000000006b608 NIP: c00000000006b608 LR: c00000000006b604 CTR: 0000000000000000 REGS: c000000018d973f0 TRAP: 0300 Not tainted (2.6.23-bml) MSR: 9000000000009032 <EE,ME,IR,DR> CR: 28242442 XER: 00000000 DAR: 0000000000000018, DSISR: 0000000040000000 TASK = c00000001912e340[1987] 'bash' THREAD: c000000018d94000 CPU: 2 .. NIP [c00000000006b608] .unregister_sysctl_table+0x38/0x110 LR [c00000000006b604] .unregister_sysctl_table+0x34/0x110 Call Trace: [c000000018d97670] [c000000007017270] 0xc000000007017270 (unreliable) [c000000018d97720] [c000000000058710] .detach_destroy_domains+0x30/0xb0 [c000000018d977b0] [c00000000005cf1c] .partition_sched_domains+0x1bc/0x230 [c000000018d97870] [c00000000009fdc4] .rebuild_sched_domains+0xb4/0x4c0 [c000000018d97970] [c0000000000a02e8] .update_flag+0x118/0x170 [c000000018d97a80] [c0000000000a1768] .cpuset_common_file_write+0x568/0x820 [c000000018d97c00] [c00000000009d95c] .cgroup_file_write+0x7c/0x180 [c000000018d97cf0] [c0000000000e76b8] .vfs_write+0xe8/0x1b0 [c000000018d97d90] [c0000000000e810c] .sys_write+0x4c/0x90 [c000000018d97e30] [c00000000000852c] syscall_exit+0x0/0x40 Signed-off-by: Milton Miller <miltonm@bga.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-10-25 00:23:48 +08:00
/* may be called multiple times per register */
static void unregister_sched_domain_sysctl(void)
{
sched: fix sched_domain sysctl registration again commit 029190c515f15f512ac85de8fc686d4dbd0ae731 (cpuset sched_load_balance flag) was not tested SCHED_DEBUG enabled as committed as it dereferences NULL when used and it reordered the sysctl registration to cause it to never show any domains or their tunables. Fixes: 1) restore arch_init_sched_domains ordering we can't walk the domains before we build them presently we register cpus with empty directories (no domain directories or files). 2) make unregister_sched_domain_sysctl do nothing when already unregistered detach_destroy_domains is now called one set of cpus at a time unregister_syctl dereferences NULL if called with a null. While the the function would always dereference null if called twice, in the previous code it was always called once and then was followed a register. So only the hidden bug of the sysctl_root_table not being allocated followed by an attempt to free it would have shown the error. 3) always call unregister and register in partition_sched_domains The code is "smart" about unregistering only needed domains. Since we aren't guaranteed any calls to unregister, always unregister. Without calling register on the way out we will not have a table or any sysctl tree. 4) warn if register is called without unregistering The previous table memory is lost, leaving pointers to the later freed memory in sysctl and leaking the memory of the tables. Before this patch on a 2-core 4-thread box compiled for SMT and NUMA, the domains appear empty (there are actually 3 levels per cpu). And as soon as two domains a null pointer is dereferenced (unreliable in this case is stack garbage): bu19a:~# ls -R /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/ /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/: cpu0 cpu1 cpu2 cpu3 /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu0: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu1: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu2: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu3: bu19a:~# mkdir /dev/cpuset bu19a:~# mount -tcpuset cpuset /dev/cpuset/ bu19a:~# cd /dev/cpuset/ bu19a:/dev/cpuset# echo 0 > sched_load_balance bu19a:/dev/cpuset# mkdir one bu19a:/dev/cpuset# echo 1 > one/cpus bu19a:/dev/cpuset# echo 0 > one/sched_load_balance Unable to handle kernel paging request for data at address 0x00000018 Faulting instruction address: 0xc00000000006b608 NIP: c00000000006b608 LR: c00000000006b604 CTR: 0000000000000000 REGS: c000000018d973f0 TRAP: 0300 Not tainted (2.6.23-bml) MSR: 9000000000009032 <EE,ME,IR,DR> CR: 28242442 XER: 00000000 DAR: 0000000000000018, DSISR: 0000000040000000 TASK = c00000001912e340[1987] 'bash' THREAD: c000000018d94000 CPU: 2 .. NIP [c00000000006b608] .unregister_sysctl_table+0x38/0x110 LR [c00000000006b604] .unregister_sysctl_table+0x34/0x110 Call Trace: [c000000018d97670] [c000000007017270] 0xc000000007017270 (unreliable) [c000000018d97720] [c000000000058710] .detach_destroy_domains+0x30/0xb0 [c000000018d977b0] [c00000000005cf1c] .partition_sched_domains+0x1bc/0x230 [c000000018d97870] [c00000000009fdc4] .rebuild_sched_domains+0xb4/0x4c0 [c000000018d97970] [c0000000000a02e8] .update_flag+0x118/0x170 [c000000018d97a80] [c0000000000a1768] .cpuset_common_file_write+0x568/0x820 [c000000018d97c00] [c00000000009d95c] .cgroup_file_write+0x7c/0x180 [c000000018d97cf0] [c0000000000e76b8] .vfs_write+0xe8/0x1b0 [c000000018d97d90] [c0000000000e810c] .sys_write+0x4c/0x90 [c000000018d97e30] [c00000000000852c] syscall_exit+0x0/0x40 Signed-off-by: Milton Miller <miltonm@bga.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-10-25 00:23:48 +08:00
if (sd_sysctl_header)
unregister_sysctl_table(sd_sysctl_header);
sd_sysctl_header = NULL;
sched: fix sched_domain sysctl registration again commit 029190c515f15f512ac85de8fc686d4dbd0ae731 (cpuset sched_load_balance flag) was not tested SCHED_DEBUG enabled as committed as it dereferences NULL when used and it reordered the sysctl registration to cause it to never show any domains or their tunables. Fixes: 1) restore arch_init_sched_domains ordering we can't walk the domains before we build them presently we register cpus with empty directories (no domain directories or files). 2) make unregister_sched_domain_sysctl do nothing when already unregistered detach_destroy_domains is now called one set of cpus at a time unregister_syctl dereferences NULL if called with a null. While the the function would always dereference null if called twice, in the previous code it was always called once and then was followed a register. So only the hidden bug of the sysctl_root_table not being allocated followed by an attempt to free it would have shown the error. 3) always call unregister and register in partition_sched_domains The code is "smart" about unregistering only needed domains. Since we aren't guaranteed any calls to unregister, always unregister. Without calling register on the way out we will not have a table or any sysctl tree. 4) warn if register is called without unregistering The previous table memory is lost, leaving pointers to the later freed memory in sysctl and leaking the memory of the tables. Before this patch on a 2-core 4-thread box compiled for SMT and NUMA, the domains appear empty (there are actually 3 levels per cpu). And as soon as two domains a null pointer is dereferenced (unreliable in this case is stack garbage): bu19a:~# ls -R /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/ /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/: cpu0 cpu1 cpu2 cpu3 /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu0: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu1: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu2: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu3: bu19a:~# mkdir /dev/cpuset bu19a:~# mount -tcpuset cpuset /dev/cpuset/ bu19a:~# cd /dev/cpuset/ bu19a:/dev/cpuset# echo 0 > sched_load_balance bu19a:/dev/cpuset# mkdir one bu19a:/dev/cpuset# echo 1 > one/cpus bu19a:/dev/cpuset# echo 0 > one/sched_load_balance Unable to handle kernel paging request for data at address 0x00000018 Faulting instruction address: 0xc00000000006b608 NIP: c00000000006b608 LR: c00000000006b604 CTR: 0000000000000000 REGS: c000000018d973f0 TRAP: 0300 Not tainted (2.6.23-bml) MSR: 9000000000009032 <EE,ME,IR,DR> CR: 28242442 XER: 00000000 DAR: 0000000000000018, DSISR: 0000000040000000 TASK = c00000001912e340[1987] 'bash' THREAD: c000000018d94000 CPU: 2 .. NIP [c00000000006b608] .unregister_sysctl_table+0x38/0x110 LR [c00000000006b604] .unregister_sysctl_table+0x34/0x110 Call Trace: [c000000018d97670] [c000000007017270] 0xc000000007017270 (unreliable) [c000000018d97720] [c000000000058710] .detach_destroy_domains+0x30/0xb0 [c000000018d977b0] [c00000000005cf1c] .partition_sched_domains+0x1bc/0x230 [c000000018d97870] [c00000000009fdc4] .rebuild_sched_domains+0xb4/0x4c0 [c000000018d97970] [c0000000000a02e8] .update_flag+0x118/0x170 [c000000018d97a80] [c0000000000a1768] .cpuset_common_file_write+0x568/0x820 [c000000018d97c00] [c00000000009d95c] .cgroup_file_write+0x7c/0x180 [c000000018d97cf0] [c0000000000e76b8] .vfs_write+0xe8/0x1b0 [c000000018d97d90] [c0000000000e810c] .sys_write+0x4c/0x90 [c000000018d97e30] [c00000000000852c] syscall_exit+0x0/0x40 Signed-off-by: Milton Miller <miltonm@bga.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-10-25 00:23:48 +08:00
if (sd_ctl_dir[0].child)
sd_free_ctl_entry(&sd_ctl_dir[0].child);
}
#else
static void register_sched_domain_sysctl(void)
{
}
static void unregister_sched_domain_sysctl(void)
{
}
#endif
static void set_rq_online(struct rq *rq)
{
if (!rq->online) {
const struct sched_class *class;
cpu_set(rq->cpu, rq->rd->online);
rq->online = 1;
for_each_class(class) {
if (class->rq_online)
class->rq_online(rq);
}
}
}
static void set_rq_offline(struct rq *rq)
{
if (rq->online) {
const struct sched_class *class;
for_each_class(class) {
if (class->rq_offline)
class->rq_offline(rq);
}
cpu_clear(rq->cpu, rq->rd->online);
rq->online = 0;
}
}
/*
* migration_call - callback that gets triggered when a CPU is added.
* Here we can start up the necessary migration thread for the new CPU.
*/
static int __cpuinit
migration_call(struct notifier_block *nfb, unsigned long action, void *hcpu)
{
struct task_struct *p;
int cpu = (long)hcpu;
unsigned long flags;
struct rq *rq;
switch (action) {
case CPU_UP_PREPARE:
case CPU_UP_PREPARE_FROZEN:
p = kthread_create(migration_thread, hcpu, "migration/%d", cpu);
if (IS_ERR(p))
return NOTIFY_BAD;
kthread_bind(p, cpu);
/* Must be high prio: stop_machine expects to yield to it. */
rq = task_rq_lock(p, &flags);
__setscheduler(rq, p, SCHED_FIFO, MAX_RT_PRIO-1);
task_rq_unlock(rq, &flags);
cpu_rq(cpu)->migration_thread = p;
break;
case CPU_ONLINE:
case CPU_ONLINE_FROZEN:
/* Strictly unnecessary, as first user will wake it. */
wake_up_process(cpu_rq(cpu)->migration_thread);
/* Update our root-domain */
rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
spin_lock_irqsave(&rq->lock, flags);
if (rq->rd) {
BUG_ON(!cpu_isset(cpu, rq->rd->span));
set_rq_online(rq);
}
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rq->lock, flags);
break;
#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
case CPU_UP_CANCELED:
case CPU_UP_CANCELED_FROZEN:
if (!cpu_rq(cpu)->migration_thread)
break;
/* Unbind it from offline cpu so it can run. Fall thru. */
kthread_bind(cpu_rq(cpu)->migration_thread,
any_online_cpu(cpu_online_map));
kthread_stop(cpu_rq(cpu)->migration_thread);
cpu_rq(cpu)->migration_thread = NULL;
break;
case CPU_DEAD:
case CPU_DEAD_FROZEN:
hotplug cpu: migrate a task within its cpuset When a cpu is disabled, move_task_off_dead_cpu() is called for tasks that have been running on that cpu. Currently, such a task is migrated: 1) to any cpu on the same node as the disabled cpu, which is both online and among that task's cpus_allowed 2) to any cpu which is both online and among that task's cpus_allowed It is typical of a multithreaded application running on a large NUMA system to have its tasks confined to a cpuset so as to cluster them near the memory that they share. Furthermore, it is typical to explicitly place such a task on a specific cpu in that cpuset. And in that case the task's cpus_allowed includes only a single cpu. This patch would insert a preference to migrate such a task to some cpu within its cpuset (and set its cpus_allowed to its entire cpuset). With this patch, migrate the task to: 1) to any cpu on the same node as the disabled cpu, which is both online and among that task's cpus_allowed 2) to any online cpu within the task's cpuset 3) to any cpu which is both online and among that task's cpus_allowed In order to do this, move_task_off_dead_cpu() must make a call to cpuset_cpus_allowed_locked(), a new subset of cpuset_cpus_allowed(), that will not block. (name change - per Oleg's suggestion) Calls are made to cpuset_lock() and cpuset_unlock() in migration_call() to set the cpuset mutex during the whole migrate_live_tasks() and migrate_dead_tasks() procedure. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix] [pj@sgi.com: Fix indentation and spacing] Signed-off-by: Cliff Wickman <cpw@sgi.com> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru> Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-19 14:40:46 +08:00
cpuset_lock(); /* around calls to cpuset_cpus_allowed_lock() */
migrate_live_tasks(cpu);
rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
kthread_stop(rq->migration_thread);
rq->migration_thread = NULL;
/* Idle task back to normal (off runqueue, low prio) */
spin_lock_irq(&rq->lock);
update_rq_clock(rq);
deactivate_task(rq, rq->idle, 0);
rq->idle->static_prio = MAX_PRIO;
__setscheduler(rq, rq->idle, SCHED_NORMAL, 0);
rq->idle->sched_class = &idle_sched_class;
migrate_dead_tasks(cpu);
spin_unlock_irq(&rq->lock);
hotplug cpu: migrate a task within its cpuset When a cpu is disabled, move_task_off_dead_cpu() is called for tasks that have been running on that cpu. Currently, such a task is migrated: 1) to any cpu on the same node as the disabled cpu, which is both online and among that task's cpus_allowed 2) to any cpu which is both online and among that task's cpus_allowed It is typical of a multithreaded application running on a large NUMA system to have its tasks confined to a cpuset so as to cluster them near the memory that they share. Furthermore, it is typical to explicitly place such a task on a specific cpu in that cpuset. And in that case the task's cpus_allowed includes only a single cpu. This patch would insert a preference to migrate such a task to some cpu within its cpuset (and set its cpus_allowed to its entire cpuset). With this patch, migrate the task to: 1) to any cpu on the same node as the disabled cpu, which is both online and among that task's cpus_allowed 2) to any online cpu within the task's cpuset 3) to any cpu which is both online and among that task's cpus_allowed In order to do this, move_task_off_dead_cpu() must make a call to cpuset_cpus_allowed_locked(), a new subset of cpuset_cpus_allowed(), that will not block. (name change - per Oleg's suggestion) Calls are made to cpuset_lock() and cpuset_unlock() in migration_call() to set the cpuset mutex during the whole migrate_live_tasks() and migrate_dead_tasks() procedure. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix] [pj@sgi.com: Fix indentation and spacing] Signed-off-by: Cliff Wickman <cpw@sgi.com> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru> Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-19 14:40:46 +08:00
cpuset_unlock();
migrate_nr_uninterruptible(rq);
BUG_ON(rq->nr_running != 0);
/*
* No need to migrate the tasks: it was best-effort if
* they didn't take sched_hotcpu_mutex. Just wake up
* the requestors.
*/
spin_lock_irq(&rq->lock);
while (!list_empty(&rq->migration_queue)) {
struct migration_req *req;
req = list_entry(rq->migration_queue.next,
struct migration_req, list);
list_del_init(&req->list);
complete(&req->done);
}
spin_unlock_irq(&rq->lock);
break;
case CPU_DYING:
case CPU_DYING_FROZEN:
/* Update our root-domain */
rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
spin_lock_irqsave(&rq->lock, flags);
if (rq->rd) {
BUG_ON(!cpu_isset(cpu, rq->rd->span));
set_rq_offline(rq);
}
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rq->lock, flags);
break;
#endif
}
return NOTIFY_OK;
}
/* Register at highest priority so that task migration (migrate_all_tasks)
* happens before everything else.
*/
static struct notifier_block __cpuinitdata migration_notifier = {
.notifier_call = migration_call,
.priority = 10
};
void __init migration_init(void)
{
void *cpu = (void *)(long)smp_processor_id();
int err;
/* Start one for the boot CPU: */
err = migration_call(&migration_notifier, CPU_UP_PREPARE, cpu);
BUG_ON(err == NOTIFY_BAD);
migration_call(&migration_notifier, CPU_ONLINE, cpu);
register_cpu_notifier(&migration_notifier);
}
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG
static inline const char *sd_level_to_string(enum sched_domain_level lvl)
{
switch (lvl) {
case SD_LV_NONE:
return "NONE";
case SD_LV_SIBLING:
return "SIBLING";
case SD_LV_MC:
return "MC";
case SD_LV_CPU:
return "CPU";
case SD_LV_NODE:
return "NODE";
case SD_LV_ALLNODES:
return "ALLNODES";
case SD_LV_MAX:
return "MAX";
}
return "MAX";
}
static int sched_domain_debug_one(struct sched_domain *sd, int cpu, int level,
cpumask_t *groupmask)
{
struct sched_group *group = sd->groups;
char str[256];
cpulist_scnprintf(str, sizeof(str), sd->span);
cpus_clear(*groupmask);
printk(KERN_DEBUG "%*s domain %d: ", level, "", level);
if (!(sd->flags & SD_LOAD_BALANCE)) {
printk("does not load-balance\n");
if (sd->parent)
printk(KERN_ERR "ERROR: !SD_LOAD_BALANCE domain"
" has parent");
return -1;
}
printk(KERN_CONT "span %s level %s\n",
str, sd_level_to_string(sd->level));
if (!cpu_isset(cpu, sd->span)) {
printk(KERN_ERR "ERROR: domain->span does not contain "
"CPU%d\n", cpu);
}
if (!cpu_isset(cpu, group->cpumask)) {
printk(KERN_ERR "ERROR: domain->groups does not contain"
" CPU%d\n", cpu);
}
printk(KERN_DEBUG "%*s groups:", level + 1, "");
do {
if (!group) {
printk("\n");
printk(KERN_ERR "ERROR: group is NULL\n");
break;
}
if (!group->__cpu_power) {
printk(KERN_CONT "\n");
printk(KERN_ERR "ERROR: domain->cpu_power not "
"set\n");
break;
}
if (!cpus_weight(group->cpumask)) {
printk(KERN_CONT "\n");
printk(KERN_ERR "ERROR: empty group\n");
break;
}
if (cpus_intersects(*groupmask, group->cpumask)) {
printk(KERN_CONT "\n");
printk(KERN_ERR "ERROR: repeated CPUs\n");
break;
}
cpus_or(*groupmask, *groupmask, group->cpumask);
cpulist_scnprintf(str, sizeof(str), group->cpumask);
printk(KERN_CONT " %s", str);
group = group->next;
} while (group != sd->groups);
printk(KERN_CONT "\n");
if (!cpus_equal(sd->span, *groupmask))
printk(KERN_ERR "ERROR: groups don't span domain->span\n");
if (sd->parent && !cpus_subset(*groupmask, sd->parent->span))
printk(KERN_ERR "ERROR: parent span is not a superset "
"of domain->span\n");
return 0;
}
static void sched_domain_debug(struct sched_domain *sd, int cpu)
{
cpumask_t *groupmask;
int level = 0;
if (!sd) {
printk(KERN_DEBUG "CPU%d attaching NULL sched-domain.\n", cpu);
return;
}
printk(KERN_DEBUG "CPU%d attaching sched-domain:\n", cpu);
groupmask = kmalloc(sizeof(cpumask_t), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!groupmask) {
printk(KERN_DEBUG "Cannot load-balance (out of memory)\n");
return;
}
for (;;) {
if (sched_domain_debug_one(sd, cpu, level, groupmask))
break;
level++;
sd = sd->parent;
if (!sd)
break;
}
kfree(groupmask);
}
#else /* !CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG */
# define sched_domain_debug(sd, cpu) do { } while (0)
#endif /* CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG */
[PATCH] Dynamic sched domains: sched changes The following patches add dynamic sched domains functionality that was extensively discussed on lkml and lse-tech. I would like to see this added to -mm o The main advantage with this feature is that it ensures that the scheduler load balacing code only balances against the cpus that are in the sched domain as defined by an exclusive cpuset and not all of the cpus in the system. This removes any overhead due to load balancing code trying to pull tasks outside of the cpu exclusive cpuset only to be prevented by the tasks' cpus_allowed mask. o cpu exclusive cpusets are useful for servers running orthogonal workloads such as RT applications requiring low latency and HPC applications that are throughput sensitive o It provides a new API partition_sched_domains in sched.c that makes dynamic sched domains possible. o cpu_exclusive cpusets sets are now associated with a sched domain. Which means that the users can dynamically modify the sched domains through the cpuset file system interface o ia64 sched domain code has been updated to support this feature as well o Currently, this does not support hotplug. (However some of my tests indicate hotplug+preempt is currently broken) o I have tested it extensively on x86. o This should have very minimal impact on performance as none of the fast paths are affected Signed-off-by: Dinakar Guniguntala <dino@in.ibm.com> Acked-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Acked-by: Matthew Dobson <colpatch@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-26 05:57:33 +08:00
static int sd_degenerate(struct sched_domain *sd)
{
if (cpus_weight(sd->span) == 1)
return 1;
/* Following flags need at least 2 groups */
if (sd->flags & (SD_LOAD_BALANCE |
SD_BALANCE_NEWIDLE |
SD_BALANCE_FORK |
SD_BALANCE_EXEC |
SD_SHARE_CPUPOWER |
SD_SHARE_PKG_RESOURCES)) {
if (sd->groups != sd->groups->next)
return 0;
}
/* Following flags don't use groups */
if (sd->flags & (SD_WAKE_IDLE |
SD_WAKE_AFFINE |
SD_WAKE_BALANCE))
return 0;
return 1;
}
static int
sd_parent_degenerate(struct sched_domain *sd, struct sched_domain *parent)
{
unsigned long cflags = sd->flags, pflags = parent->flags;
if (sd_degenerate(parent))
return 1;
if (!cpus_equal(sd->span, parent->span))
return 0;
/* Does parent contain flags not in child? */
/* WAKE_BALANCE is a subset of WAKE_AFFINE */
if (cflags & SD_WAKE_AFFINE)
pflags &= ~SD_WAKE_BALANCE;
/* Flags needing groups don't count if only 1 group in parent */
if (parent->groups == parent->groups->next) {
pflags &= ~(SD_LOAD_BALANCE |
SD_BALANCE_NEWIDLE |
SD_BALANCE_FORK |
SD_BALANCE_EXEC |
SD_SHARE_CPUPOWER |
SD_SHARE_PKG_RESOURCES);
}
if (~cflags & pflags)
return 0;
return 1;
}
static void rq_attach_root(struct rq *rq, struct root_domain *rd)
{
unsigned long flags;
spin_lock_irqsave(&rq->lock, flags);
if (rq->rd) {
struct root_domain *old_rd = rq->rd;
if (cpu_isset(rq->cpu, old_rd->online))
set_rq_offline(rq);
cpu_clear(rq->cpu, old_rd->span);
if (atomic_dec_and_test(&old_rd->refcount))
kfree(old_rd);
}
atomic_inc(&rd->refcount);
rq->rd = rd;
cpu_set(rq->cpu, rd->span);
if (cpu_isset(rq->cpu, cpu_online_map))
set_rq_online(rq);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rq->lock, flags);
}
static void init_rootdomain(struct root_domain *rd)
{
memset(rd, 0, sizeof(*rd));
cpus_clear(rd->span);
cpus_clear(rd->online);
cpupri_init(&rd->cpupri);
}
static void init_defrootdomain(void)
{
init_rootdomain(&def_root_domain);
atomic_set(&def_root_domain.refcount, 1);
}
static struct root_domain *alloc_rootdomain(void)
{
struct root_domain *rd;
rd = kmalloc(sizeof(*rd), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!rd)
return NULL;
init_rootdomain(rd);
return rd;
}
/*
* Attach the domain 'sd' to 'cpu' as its base domain. Callers must
* hold the hotplug lock.
*/
static void
cpu_attach_domain(struct sched_domain *sd, struct root_domain *rd, int cpu)
{
struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
struct sched_domain *tmp;
/* Remove the sched domains which do not contribute to scheduling. */
for (tmp = sd; tmp; tmp = tmp->parent) {
struct sched_domain *parent = tmp->parent;
if (!parent)
break;
if (sd_parent_degenerate(tmp, parent)) {
tmp->parent = parent->parent;
if (parent->parent)
parent->parent->child = tmp;
}
}
if (sd && sd_degenerate(sd)) {
sd = sd->parent;
if (sd)
sd->child = NULL;
}
sched_domain_debug(sd, cpu);
rq_attach_root(rq, rd);
rcu_assign_pointer(rq->sd, sd);
}
/* cpus with isolated domains */
static cpumask_t cpu_isolated_map = CPU_MASK_NONE;
/* Setup the mask of cpus configured for isolated domains */
static int __init isolated_cpu_setup(char *str)
{
int ints[NR_CPUS], i;
str = get_options(str, ARRAY_SIZE(ints), ints);
cpus_clear(cpu_isolated_map);
for (i = 1; i <= ints[0]; i++)
if (ints[i] < NR_CPUS)
cpu_set(ints[i], cpu_isolated_map);
return 1;
}
__setup("isolcpus=", isolated_cpu_setup);
/*
* init_sched_build_groups takes the cpumask we wish to span, and a pointer
* to a function which identifies what group(along with sched group) a CPU
* belongs to. The return value of group_fn must be a >= 0 and < NR_CPUS
* (due to the fact that we keep track of groups covered with a cpumask_t).
*
* init_sched_build_groups will build a circular linked list of the groups
* covered by the given span, and will set each group's ->cpumask correctly,
* and ->cpu_power to 0.
*/
static void
init_sched_build_groups(const cpumask_t *span, const cpumask_t *cpu_map,
int (*group_fn)(int cpu, const cpumask_t *cpu_map,
struct sched_group **sg,
cpumask_t *tmpmask),
cpumask_t *covered, cpumask_t *tmpmask)
{
struct sched_group *first = NULL, *last = NULL;
int i;
cpus_clear(*covered);
for_each_cpu_mask(i, *span) {
struct sched_group *sg;
int group = group_fn(i, cpu_map, &sg, tmpmask);
int j;
if (cpu_isset(i, *covered))
continue;
cpus_clear(sg->cpumask);
Speed up divides by cpu_power in scheduler I noticed expensive divides done in try_to_wakeup() and find_busiest_group() on a bi dual core Opteron machine (total of 4 cores), moderatly loaded (15.000 context switch per second) oprofile numbers : CPU: AMD64 processors, speed 2600.05 MHz (estimated) Counted CPU_CLK_UNHALTED events (Cycles outside of halt state) with a unit mask of 0x00 (No unit mask) count 50000 samples % symbol name ... 613914 1.0498 try_to_wake_up 834 0.0013 :ffffffff80227ae1: div %rcx 77513 0.1191 :ffffffff80227ae4: mov %rax,%r11 608893 1.0413 find_busiest_group 1841 0.0031 :ffffffff802260bf: div %rdi 140109 0.2394 :ffffffff802260c2: test %sil,%sil Some of these divides can use the reciprocal divides we introduced some time ago (currently used in slab AFAIK) We can assume a load will fit in a 32bits number, because with a SCHED_LOAD_SCALE=128 value, its still a theorical limit of 33554432 When/if we reach this limit one day, probably cpus will have a fast hardware divide and we can zap the reciprocal divide trick. Ingo suggested to rename cpu_power to __cpu_power to make clear it should not be modified without changing its reciprocal value too. I did not convert the divide in cpu_avg_load_per_task(), because tracking nr_running changes may be not worth it ? We could use a static table of 32 reciprocal values but it would add a conditional branch and table lookup. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: !SMP build fix] Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-08 15:32:57 +08:00
sg->__cpu_power = 0;
for_each_cpu_mask(j, *span) {
if (group_fn(j, cpu_map, NULL, tmpmask) != group)
continue;
cpu_set(j, *covered);
cpu_set(j, sg->cpumask);
}
if (!first)
first = sg;
if (last)
last->next = sg;
last = sg;
}
last->next = first;
}
#define SD_NODES_PER_DOMAIN 16
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
[PATCH] scheduler cache-hot-autodetect ) From: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> This is the latest version of the scheduler cache-hot-auto-tune patch. The first problem was that detection time scaled with O(N^2), which is unacceptable on larger SMP and NUMA systems. To solve this: - I've added a 'domain distance' function, which is used to cache measurement results. Each distance is only measured once. This means that e.g. on NUMA distances of 0, 1 and 2 might be measured, on HT distances 0 and 1, and on SMP distance 0 is measured. The code walks the domain tree to determine the distance, so it automatically follows whatever hierarchy an architecture sets up. This cuts down on the boot time significantly and removes the O(N^2) limit. The only assumption is that migration costs can be expressed as a function of domain distance - this covers the overwhelming majority of existing systems, and is a good guess even for more assymetric systems. [ People hacking systems that have assymetries that break this assumption (e.g. different CPU speeds) should experiment a bit with the cpu_distance() function. Adding a ->migration_distance factor to the domain structure would be one possible solution - but lets first see the problem systems, if they exist at all. Lets not overdesign. ] Another problem was that only a single cache-size was used for measuring the cost of migration, and most architectures didnt set that variable up. Furthermore, a single cache-size does not fit NUMA hierarchies with L3 caches and does not fit HT setups, where different CPUs will often have different 'effective cache sizes'. To solve this problem: - Instead of relying on a single cache-size provided by the platform and sticking to it, the code now auto-detects the 'effective migration cost' between two measured CPUs, via iterating through a wide range of cachesizes. The code searches for the maximum migration cost, which occurs when the working set of the test-workload falls just below the 'effective cache size'. I.e. real-life optimized search is done for the maximum migration cost, between two real CPUs. This, amongst other things, has the positive effect hat if e.g. two CPUs share a L2/L3 cache, a different (and accurate) migration cost will be found than between two CPUs on the same system that dont share any caches. (The reliable measurement of migration costs is tricky - see the source for details.) Furthermore i've added various boot-time options to override/tune migration behavior. Firstly, there's a blanket override for autodetection: migration_cost=1000,2000,3000 will override the depth 0/1/2 values with 1msec/2msec/3msec values. Secondly, there's a global factor that can be used to increase (or decrease) the autodetected values: migration_factor=120 will increase the autodetected values by 20%. This option is useful to tune things in a workload-dependent way - e.g. if a workload is cache-insensitive then CPU utilization can be maximized by specifying migration_factor=0. I've tested the autodetection code quite extensively on x86, on 3 P3/Xeon/2MB, and the autodetected values look pretty good: Dual Celeron (128K L2 cache): --------------------- migration cost matrix (max_cache_size: 131072, cpu: 467 MHz): --------------------- [00] [01] [00]: - 1.7(1) [01]: 1.7(1) - --------------------- cacheflush times [2]: 0.0 (0) 1.7 (1784008) --------------------- Here the slow memory subsystem dominates system performance, and even though caches are small, the migration cost is 1.7 msecs. Dual HT P4 (512K L2 cache): --------------------- migration cost matrix (max_cache_size: 524288, cpu: 2379 MHz): --------------------- [00] [01] [02] [03] [00]: - 0.4(1) 0.0(0) 0.4(1) [01]: 0.4(1) - 0.4(1) 0.0(0) [02]: 0.0(0) 0.4(1) - 0.4(1) [03]: 0.4(1) 0.0(0) 0.4(1) - --------------------- cacheflush times [2]: 0.0 (33900) 0.4 (448514) --------------------- Here it can be seen that there is no migration cost between two HT siblings (CPU#0/2 and CPU#1/3 are separate physical CPUs). A fast memory system makes inter-physical-CPU migration pretty cheap: 0.4 msecs. 8-way P3/Xeon [2MB L2 cache]: --------------------- migration cost matrix (max_cache_size: 2097152, cpu: 700 MHz): --------------------- [00] [01] [02] [03] [04] [05] [06] [07] [00]: - 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) [01]: 19.2(1) - 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) [02]: 19.2(1) 19.2(1) - 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) [03]: 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) - 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) [04]: 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) - 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) [05]: 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) - 19.2(1) 19.2(1) [06]: 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) - 19.2(1) [07]: 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) 19.2(1) - --------------------- cacheflush times [2]: 0.0 (0) 19.2 (19281756) --------------------- This one has huge caches and a relatively slow memory subsystem - so the migration cost is 19 msecs. Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Ashok Raj <ashok.raj@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Ken Chen <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Cc: <wilder@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-01-12 17:05:30 +08:00
/**
* find_next_best_node - find the next node to include in a sched_domain
* @node: node whose sched_domain we're building
* @used_nodes: nodes already in the sched_domain
*
* Find the next node to include in a given scheduling domain. Simply
* finds the closest node not already in the @used_nodes map.
*
* Should use nodemask_t.
*/
static int find_next_best_node(int node, nodemask_t *used_nodes)
{
int i, n, val, min_val, best_node = 0;
min_val = INT_MAX;
for (i = 0; i < MAX_NUMNODES; i++) {
/* Start at @node */
n = (node + i) % MAX_NUMNODES;
if (!nr_cpus_node(n))
continue;
/* Skip already used nodes */
if (node_isset(n, *used_nodes))
continue;
/* Simple min distance search */
val = node_distance(node, n);
if (val < min_val) {
min_val = val;
best_node = n;
}
}
node_set(best_node, *used_nodes);
return best_node;
}
/**
* sched_domain_node_span - get a cpumask for a node's sched_domain
* @node: node whose cpumask we're constructing
* @span: resulting cpumask
*
* Given a node, construct a good cpumask for its sched_domain to span. It
* should be one that prevents unnecessary balancing, but also spreads tasks
* out optimally.
*/
static void sched_domain_node_span(int node, cpumask_t *span)
{
nodemask_t used_nodes;
node_to_cpumask_ptr(nodemask, node);
int i;
cpus_clear(*span);
nodes_clear(used_nodes);
cpus_or(*span, *span, *nodemask);
node_set(node, used_nodes);
for (i = 1; i < SD_NODES_PER_DOMAIN; i++) {
int next_node = find_next_best_node(node, &used_nodes);
node_to_cpumask_ptr_next(nodemask, next_node);
cpus_or(*span, *span, *nodemask);
}
}
#endif /* CONFIG_NUMA */
int sched_smt_power_savings = 0, sched_mc_power_savings = 0;
/*
* SMT sched-domains:
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_SMT
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct sched_domain, cpu_domains);
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct sched_group, sched_group_cpus);
static int
cpu_to_cpu_group(int cpu, const cpumask_t *cpu_map, struct sched_group **sg,
cpumask_t *unused)
{
if (sg)
*sg = &per_cpu(sched_group_cpus, cpu);
return cpu;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_SCHED_SMT */
/*
* multi-core sched-domains:
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_MC
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct sched_domain, core_domains);
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct sched_group, sched_group_core);
#endif /* CONFIG_SCHED_MC */
#if defined(CONFIG_SCHED_MC) && defined(CONFIG_SCHED_SMT)
static int
cpu_to_core_group(int cpu, const cpumask_t *cpu_map, struct sched_group **sg,
cpumask_t *mask)
{
int group;
*mask = per_cpu(cpu_sibling_map, cpu);
cpus_and(*mask, *mask, *cpu_map);
group = first_cpu(*mask);
if (sg)
*sg = &per_cpu(sched_group_core, group);
return group;
}
#elif defined(CONFIG_SCHED_MC)
static int
cpu_to_core_group(int cpu, const cpumask_t *cpu_map, struct sched_group **sg,
cpumask_t *unused)
{
if (sg)
*sg = &per_cpu(sched_group_core, cpu);
return cpu;
}
#endif
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct sched_domain, phys_domains);
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct sched_group, sched_group_phys);
static int
cpu_to_phys_group(int cpu, const cpumask_t *cpu_map, struct sched_group **sg,
cpumask_t *mask)
{
int group;
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_MC
*mask = cpu_coregroup_map(cpu);
cpus_and(*mask, *mask, *cpu_map);
group = first_cpu(*mask);
#elif defined(CONFIG_SCHED_SMT)
*mask = per_cpu(cpu_sibling_map, cpu);
cpus_and(*mask, *mask, *cpu_map);
group = first_cpu(*mask);
#else
group = cpu;
#endif
if (sg)
*sg = &per_cpu(sched_group_phys, group);
return group;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
/*
* The init_sched_build_groups can't handle what we want to do with node
* groups, so roll our own. Now each node has its own list of groups which
* gets dynamically allocated.
*/
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct sched_domain, node_domains);
static struct sched_group ***sched_group_nodes_bycpu;
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct sched_domain, allnodes_domains);
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct sched_group, sched_group_allnodes);
static int cpu_to_allnodes_group(int cpu, const cpumask_t *cpu_map,
struct sched_group **sg, cpumask_t *nodemask)
{
int group;
*nodemask = node_to_cpumask(cpu_to_node(cpu));
cpus_and(*nodemask, *nodemask, *cpu_map);
group = first_cpu(*nodemask);
if (sg)
*sg = &per_cpu(sched_group_allnodes, group);
return group;
}
static void init_numa_sched_groups_power(struct sched_group *group_head)
{
struct sched_group *sg = group_head;
int j;
if (!sg)
return;
do {
for_each_cpu_mask(j, sg->cpumask) {
struct sched_domain *sd;
sd = &per_cpu(phys_domains, j);
if (j != first_cpu(sd->groups->cpumask)) {
/*
* Only add "power" once for each
* physical package.
*/
continue;
}
sg_inc_cpu_power(sg, sd->groups->__cpu_power);
}
sg = sg->next;
} while (sg != group_head);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_NUMA */
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
/* Free memory allocated for various sched_group structures */
static void free_sched_groups(const cpumask_t *cpu_map, cpumask_t *nodemask)
{
int cpu, i;
for_each_cpu_mask(cpu, *cpu_map) {
struct sched_group **sched_group_nodes
= sched_group_nodes_bycpu[cpu];
if (!sched_group_nodes)
continue;
for (i = 0; i < MAX_NUMNODES; i++) {
struct sched_group *oldsg, *sg = sched_group_nodes[i];
*nodemask = node_to_cpumask(i);
cpus_and(*nodemask, *nodemask, *cpu_map);
if (cpus_empty(*nodemask))
continue;
if (sg == NULL)
continue;
sg = sg->next;
next_sg:
oldsg = sg;
sg = sg->next;
kfree(oldsg);
if (oldsg != sched_group_nodes[i])
goto next_sg;
}
kfree(sched_group_nodes);
sched_group_nodes_bycpu[cpu] = NULL;
}
}
#else /* !CONFIG_NUMA */
static void free_sched_groups(const cpumask_t *cpu_map, cpumask_t *nodemask)
{
}
#endif /* CONFIG_NUMA */
/*
* Initialize sched groups cpu_power.
*
* cpu_power indicates the capacity of sched group, which is used while
* distributing the load between different sched groups in a sched domain.
* Typically cpu_power for all the groups in a sched domain will be same unless
* there are asymmetries in the topology. If there are asymmetries, group
* having more cpu_power will pickup more load compared to the group having
* less cpu_power.
*
* cpu_power will be a multiple of SCHED_LOAD_SCALE. This multiple represents
* the maximum number of tasks a group can handle in the presence of other idle
* or lightly loaded groups in the same sched domain.
*/
static void init_sched_groups_power(int cpu, struct sched_domain *sd)
{
struct sched_domain *child;
struct sched_group *group;
WARN_ON(!sd || !sd->groups);
if (cpu != first_cpu(sd->groups->cpumask))
return;
child = sd->child;
Speed up divides by cpu_power in scheduler I noticed expensive divides done in try_to_wakeup() and find_busiest_group() on a bi dual core Opteron machine (total of 4 cores), moderatly loaded (15.000 context switch per second) oprofile numbers : CPU: AMD64 processors, speed 2600.05 MHz (estimated) Counted CPU_CLK_UNHALTED events (Cycles outside of halt state) with a unit mask of 0x00 (No unit mask) count 50000 samples % symbol name ... 613914 1.0498 try_to_wake_up 834 0.0013 :ffffffff80227ae1: div %rcx 77513 0.1191 :ffffffff80227ae4: mov %rax,%r11 608893 1.0413 find_busiest_group 1841 0.0031 :ffffffff802260bf: div %rdi 140109 0.2394 :ffffffff802260c2: test %sil,%sil Some of these divides can use the reciprocal divides we introduced some time ago (currently used in slab AFAIK) We can assume a load will fit in a 32bits number, because with a SCHED_LOAD_SCALE=128 value, its still a theorical limit of 33554432 When/if we reach this limit one day, probably cpus will have a fast hardware divide and we can zap the reciprocal divide trick. Ingo suggested to rename cpu_power to __cpu_power to make clear it should not be modified without changing its reciprocal value too. I did not convert the divide in cpu_avg_load_per_task(), because tracking nr_running changes may be not worth it ? We could use a static table of 32 reciprocal values but it would add a conditional branch and table lookup. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: !SMP build fix] Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-08 15:32:57 +08:00
sd->groups->__cpu_power = 0;
/*
* For perf policy, if the groups in child domain share resources
* (for example cores sharing some portions of the cache hierarchy
* or SMT), then set this domain groups cpu_power such that each group
* can handle only one task, when there are other idle groups in the
* same sched domain.
*/
if (!child || (!(sd->flags & SD_POWERSAVINGS_BALANCE) &&
(child->flags &
(SD_SHARE_CPUPOWER | SD_SHARE_PKG_RESOURCES)))) {
Speed up divides by cpu_power in scheduler I noticed expensive divides done in try_to_wakeup() and find_busiest_group() on a bi dual core Opteron machine (total of 4 cores), moderatly loaded (15.000 context switch per second) oprofile numbers : CPU: AMD64 processors, speed 2600.05 MHz (estimated) Counted CPU_CLK_UNHALTED events (Cycles outside of halt state) with a unit mask of 0x00 (No unit mask) count 50000 samples % symbol name ... 613914 1.0498 try_to_wake_up 834 0.0013 :ffffffff80227ae1: div %rcx 77513 0.1191 :ffffffff80227ae4: mov %rax,%r11 608893 1.0413 find_busiest_group 1841 0.0031 :ffffffff802260bf: div %rdi 140109 0.2394 :ffffffff802260c2: test %sil,%sil Some of these divides can use the reciprocal divides we introduced some time ago (currently used in slab AFAIK) We can assume a load will fit in a 32bits number, because with a SCHED_LOAD_SCALE=128 value, its still a theorical limit of 33554432 When/if we reach this limit one day, probably cpus will have a fast hardware divide and we can zap the reciprocal divide trick. Ingo suggested to rename cpu_power to __cpu_power to make clear it should not be modified without changing its reciprocal value too. I did not convert the divide in cpu_avg_load_per_task(), because tracking nr_running changes may be not worth it ? We could use a static table of 32 reciprocal values but it would add a conditional branch and table lookup. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: !SMP build fix] Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-08 15:32:57 +08:00
sg_inc_cpu_power(sd->groups, SCHED_LOAD_SCALE);
return;
}
/*
* add cpu_power of each child group to this groups cpu_power
*/
group = child->groups;
do {
Speed up divides by cpu_power in scheduler I noticed expensive divides done in try_to_wakeup() and find_busiest_group() on a bi dual core Opteron machine (total of 4 cores), moderatly loaded (15.000 context switch per second) oprofile numbers : CPU: AMD64 processors, speed 2600.05 MHz (estimated) Counted CPU_CLK_UNHALTED events (Cycles outside of halt state) with a unit mask of 0x00 (No unit mask) count 50000 samples % symbol name ... 613914 1.0498 try_to_wake_up 834 0.0013 :ffffffff80227ae1: div %rcx 77513 0.1191 :ffffffff80227ae4: mov %rax,%r11 608893 1.0413 find_busiest_group 1841 0.0031 :ffffffff802260bf: div %rdi 140109 0.2394 :ffffffff802260c2: test %sil,%sil Some of these divides can use the reciprocal divides we introduced some time ago (currently used in slab AFAIK) We can assume a load will fit in a 32bits number, because with a SCHED_LOAD_SCALE=128 value, its still a theorical limit of 33554432 When/if we reach this limit one day, probably cpus will have a fast hardware divide and we can zap the reciprocal divide trick. Ingo suggested to rename cpu_power to __cpu_power to make clear it should not be modified without changing its reciprocal value too. I did not convert the divide in cpu_avg_load_per_task(), because tracking nr_running changes may be not worth it ? We could use a static table of 32 reciprocal values but it would add a conditional branch and table lookup. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: !SMP build fix] Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-08 15:32:57 +08:00
sg_inc_cpu_power(sd->groups, group->__cpu_power);
group = group->next;
} while (group != child->groups);
}
/*
* Initializers for schedule domains
* Non-inlined to reduce accumulated stack pressure in build_sched_domains()
*/
#define SD_INIT(sd, type) sd_init_##type(sd)
#define SD_INIT_FUNC(type) \
static noinline void sd_init_##type(struct sched_domain *sd) \
{ \
memset(sd, 0, sizeof(*sd)); \
*sd = SD_##type##_INIT; \
sd->level = SD_LV_##type; \
}
SD_INIT_FUNC(CPU)
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
SD_INIT_FUNC(ALLNODES)
SD_INIT_FUNC(NODE)
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_SMT
SD_INIT_FUNC(SIBLING)
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_MC
SD_INIT_FUNC(MC)
#endif
/*
* To minimize stack usage kmalloc room for cpumasks and share the
* space as the usage in build_sched_domains() dictates. Used only
* if the amount of space is significant.
*/
struct allmasks {
cpumask_t tmpmask; /* make this one first */
union {
cpumask_t nodemask;
cpumask_t this_sibling_map;
cpumask_t this_core_map;
};
cpumask_t send_covered;
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
cpumask_t domainspan;
cpumask_t covered;
cpumask_t notcovered;
#endif
};
#if NR_CPUS > 128
#define SCHED_CPUMASK_ALLOC 1
#define SCHED_CPUMASK_FREE(v) kfree(v)
#define SCHED_CPUMASK_DECLARE(v) struct allmasks *v
#else
#define SCHED_CPUMASK_ALLOC 0
#define SCHED_CPUMASK_FREE(v)
#define SCHED_CPUMASK_DECLARE(v) struct allmasks _v, *v = &_v
#endif
#define SCHED_CPUMASK_VAR(v, a) cpumask_t *v = (cpumask_t *) \
((unsigned long)(a) + offsetof(struct allmasks, v))
static int default_relax_domain_level = -1;
static int __init setup_relax_domain_level(char *str)
{
unsigned long val;
val = simple_strtoul(str, NULL, 0);
if (val < SD_LV_MAX)
default_relax_domain_level = val;
return 1;
}
__setup("relax_domain_level=", setup_relax_domain_level);
static void set_domain_attribute(struct sched_domain *sd,
struct sched_domain_attr *attr)
{
int request;
if (!attr || attr->relax_domain_level < 0) {
if (default_relax_domain_level < 0)
return;
else
request = default_relax_domain_level;
} else
request = attr->relax_domain_level;
if (request < sd->level) {
/* turn off idle balance on this domain */
sd->flags &= ~(SD_WAKE_IDLE|SD_BALANCE_NEWIDLE);
} else {
/* turn on idle balance on this domain */
sd->flags |= (SD_WAKE_IDLE_FAR|SD_BALANCE_NEWIDLE);
}
}
/*
[PATCH] Dynamic sched domains: sched changes The following patches add dynamic sched domains functionality that was extensively discussed on lkml and lse-tech. I would like to see this added to -mm o The main advantage with this feature is that it ensures that the scheduler load balacing code only balances against the cpus that are in the sched domain as defined by an exclusive cpuset and not all of the cpus in the system. This removes any overhead due to load balancing code trying to pull tasks outside of the cpu exclusive cpuset only to be prevented by the tasks' cpus_allowed mask. o cpu exclusive cpusets are useful for servers running orthogonal workloads such as RT applications requiring low latency and HPC applications that are throughput sensitive o It provides a new API partition_sched_domains in sched.c that makes dynamic sched domains possible. o cpu_exclusive cpusets sets are now associated with a sched domain. Which means that the users can dynamically modify the sched domains through the cpuset file system interface o ia64 sched domain code has been updated to support this feature as well o Currently, this does not support hotplug. (However some of my tests indicate hotplug+preempt is currently broken) o I have tested it extensively on x86. o This should have very minimal impact on performance as none of the fast paths are affected Signed-off-by: Dinakar Guniguntala <dino@in.ibm.com> Acked-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Acked-by: Matthew Dobson <colpatch@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-26 05:57:33 +08:00
* Build sched domains for a given set of cpus and attach the sched domains
* to the individual cpus
*/
static int __build_sched_domains(const cpumask_t *cpu_map,
struct sched_domain_attr *attr)
{
int i;
struct root_domain *rd;
SCHED_CPUMASK_DECLARE(allmasks);
cpumask_t *tmpmask;
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
struct sched_group **sched_group_nodes = NULL;
int sd_allnodes = 0;
/*
* Allocate the per-node list of sched groups
*/
sched_group_nodes = kcalloc(MAX_NUMNODES, sizeof(struct sched_group *),
GFP_KERNEL);
if (!sched_group_nodes) {
printk(KERN_WARNING "Can not alloc sched group node list\n");
return -ENOMEM;
}
#endif
rd = alloc_rootdomain();
if (!rd) {
printk(KERN_WARNING "Cannot alloc root domain\n");
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
kfree(sched_group_nodes);
#endif
return -ENOMEM;
}
#if SCHED_CPUMASK_ALLOC
/* get space for all scratch cpumask variables */
allmasks = kmalloc(sizeof(*allmasks), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!allmasks) {
printk(KERN_WARNING "Cannot alloc cpumask array\n");
kfree(rd);
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
kfree(sched_group_nodes);
#endif
return -ENOMEM;
}
#endif
tmpmask = (cpumask_t *)allmasks;
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
sched_group_nodes_bycpu[first_cpu(*cpu_map)] = sched_group_nodes;
#endif
/*
[PATCH] Dynamic sched domains: sched changes The following patches add dynamic sched domains functionality that was extensively discussed on lkml and lse-tech. I would like to see this added to -mm o The main advantage with this feature is that it ensures that the scheduler load balacing code only balances against the cpus that are in the sched domain as defined by an exclusive cpuset and not all of the cpus in the system. This removes any overhead due to load balancing code trying to pull tasks outside of the cpu exclusive cpuset only to be prevented by the tasks' cpus_allowed mask. o cpu exclusive cpusets are useful for servers running orthogonal workloads such as RT applications requiring low latency and HPC applications that are throughput sensitive o It provides a new API partition_sched_domains in sched.c that makes dynamic sched domains possible. o cpu_exclusive cpusets sets are now associated with a sched domain. Which means that the users can dynamically modify the sched domains through the cpuset file system interface o ia64 sched domain code has been updated to support this feature as well o Currently, this does not support hotplug. (However some of my tests indicate hotplug+preempt is currently broken) o I have tested it extensively on x86. o This should have very minimal impact on performance as none of the fast paths are affected Signed-off-by: Dinakar Guniguntala <dino@in.ibm.com> Acked-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Acked-by: Matthew Dobson <colpatch@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-26 05:57:33 +08:00
* Set up domains for cpus specified by the cpu_map.
*/
[PATCH] Dynamic sched domains: sched changes The following patches add dynamic sched domains functionality that was extensively discussed on lkml and lse-tech. I would like to see this added to -mm o The main advantage with this feature is that it ensures that the scheduler load balacing code only balances against the cpus that are in the sched domain as defined by an exclusive cpuset and not all of the cpus in the system. This removes any overhead due to load balancing code trying to pull tasks outside of the cpu exclusive cpuset only to be prevented by the tasks' cpus_allowed mask. o cpu exclusive cpusets are useful for servers running orthogonal workloads such as RT applications requiring low latency and HPC applications that are throughput sensitive o It provides a new API partition_sched_domains in sched.c that makes dynamic sched domains possible. o cpu_exclusive cpusets sets are now associated with a sched domain. Which means that the users can dynamically modify the sched domains through the cpuset file system interface o ia64 sched domain code has been updated to support this feature as well o Currently, this does not support hotplug. (However some of my tests indicate hotplug+preempt is currently broken) o I have tested it extensively on x86. o This should have very minimal impact on performance as none of the fast paths are affected Signed-off-by: Dinakar Guniguntala <dino@in.ibm.com> Acked-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Acked-by: Matthew Dobson <colpatch@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-26 05:57:33 +08:00
for_each_cpu_mask(i, *cpu_map) {
struct sched_domain *sd = NULL, *p;
SCHED_CPUMASK_VAR(nodemask, allmasks);
*nodemask = node_to_cpumask(cpu_to_node(i));
cpus_and(*nodemask, *nodemask, *cpu_map);
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
if (cpus_weight(*cpu_map) >
SD_NODES_PER_DOMAIN*cpus_weight(*nodemask)) {
sd = &per_cpu(allnodes_domains, i);
SD_INIT(sd, ALLNODES);
set_domain_attribute(sd, attr);
sd->span = *cpu_map;
cpu_to_allnodes_group(i, cpu_map, &sd->groups, tmpmask);
p = sd;
sd_allnodes = 1;
} else
p = NULL;
sd = &per_cpu(node_domains, i);
SD_INIT(sd, NODE);
set_domain_attribute(sd, attr);
sched_domain_node_span(cpu_to_node(i), &sd->span);
sd->parent = p;
if (p)
p->child = sd;
cpus_and(sd->span, sd->span, *cpu_map);
#endif
p = sd;
sd = &per_cpu(phys_domains, i);
SD_INIT(sd, CPU);
set_domain_attribute(sd, attr);
sd->span = *nodemask;
sd->parent = p;
if (p)
p->child = sd;
cpu_to_phys_group(i, cpu_map, &sd->groups, tmpmask);
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_MC
p = sd;
sd = &per_cpu(core_domains, i);
SD_INIT(sd, MC);
set_domain_attribute(sd, attr);
sd->span = cpu_coregroup_map(i);
cpus_and(sd->span, sd->span, *cpu_map);
sd->parent = p;
p->child = sd;
cpu_to_core_group(i, cpu_map, &sd->groups, tmpmask);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_SMT
p = sd;
sd = &per_cpu(cpu_domains, i);
SD_INIT(sd, SIBLING);
set_domain_attribute(sd, attr);
sd->span = per_cpu(cpu_sibling_map, i);
[PATCH] Dynamic sched domains: sched changes The following patches add dynamic sched domains functionality that was extensively discussed on lkml and lse-tech. I would like to see this added to -mm o The main advantage with this feature is that it ensures that the scheduler load balacing code only balances against the cpus that are in the sched domain as defined by an exclusive cpuset and not all of the cpus in the system. This removes any overhead due to load balancing code trying to pull tasks outside of the cpu exclusive cpuset only to be prevented by the tasks' cpus_allowed mask. o cpu exclusive cpusets are useful for servers running orthogonal workloads such as RT applications requiring low latency and HPC applications that are throughput sensitive o It provides a new API partition_sched_domains in sched.c that makes dynamic sched domains possible. o cpu_exclusive cpusets sets are now associated with a sched domain. Which means that the users can dynamically modify the sched domains through the cpuset file system interface o ia64 sched domain code has been updated to support this feature as well o Currently, this does not support hotplug. (However some of my tests indicate hotplug+preempt is currently broken) o I have tested it extensively on x86. o This should have very minimal impact on performance as none of the fast paths are affected Signed-off-by: Dinakar Guniguntala <dino@in.ibm.com> Acked-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Acked-by: Matthew Dobson <colpatch@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-26 05:57:33 +08:00
cpus_and(sd->span, sd->span, *cpu_map);
sd->parent = p;
p->child = sd;
cpu_to_cpu_group(i, cpu_map, &sd->groups, tmpmask);
#endif
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_SMT
/* Set up CPU (sibling) groups */
for_each_cpu_mask(i, *cpu_map) {
SCHED_CPUMASK_VAR(this_sibling_map, allmasks);
SCHED_CPUMASK_VAR(send_covered, allmasks);
*this_sibling_map = per_cpu(cpu_sibling_map, i);
cpus_and(*this_sibling_map, *this_sibling_map, *cpu_map);
if (i != first_cpu(*this_sibling_map))
continue;
init_sched_build_groups(this_sibling_map, cpu_map,
&cpu_to_cpu_group,
send_covered, tmpmask);
}
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_MC
/* Set up multi-core groups */
for_each_cpu_mask(i, *cpu_map) {
SCHED_CPUMASK_VAR(this_core_map, allmasks);
SCHED_CPUMASK_VAR(send_covered, allmasks);
*this_core_map = cpu_coregroup_map(i);
cpus_and(*this_core_map, *this_core_map, *cpu_map);
if (i != first_cpu(*this_core_map))
continue;
init_sched_build_groups(this_core_map, cpu_map,
&cpu_to_core_group,
send_covered, tmpmask);
}
#endif
/* Set up physical groups */
for (i = 0; i < MAX_NUMNODES; i++) {
SCHED_CPUMASK_VAR(nodemask, allmasks);
SCHED_CPUMASK_VAR(send_covered, allmasks);
*nodemask = node_to_cpumask(i);
cpus_and(*nodemask, *nodemask, *cpu_map);
if (cpus_empty(*nodemask))
continue;
init_sched_build_groups(nodemask, cpu_map,
&cpu_to_phys_group,
send_covered, tmpmask);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
/* Set up node groups */
if (sd_allnodes) {
SCHED_CPUMASK_VAR(send_covered, allmasks);
init_sched_build_groups(cpu_map, cpu_map,
&cpu_to_allnodes_group,
send_covered, tmpmask);
}
for (i = 0; i < MAX_NUMNODES; i++) {
/* Set up node groups */
struct sched_group *sg, *prev;
SCHED_CPUMASK_VAR(nodemask, allmasks);
SCHED_CPUMASK_VAR(domainspan, allmasks);
SCHED_CPUMASK_VAR(covered, allmasks);
int j;
*nodemask = node_to_cpumask(i);
cpus_clear(*covered);
cpus_and(*nodemask, *nodemask, *cpu_map);
if (cpus_empty(*nodemask)) {
sched_group_nodes[i] = NULL;
continue;
}
sched_domain_node_span(i, domainspan);
cpus_and(*domainspan, *domainspan, *cpu_map);
sg = kmalloc_node(sizeof(struct sched_group), GFP_KERNEL, i);
if (!sg) {
printk(KERN_WARNING "Can not alloc domain group for "
"node %d\n", i);
goto error;
}
sched_group_nodes[i] = sg;
for_each_cpu_mask(j, *nodemask) {
struct sched_domain *sd;
sd = &per_cpu(node_domains, j);
sd->groups = sg;
}
Speed up divides by cpu_power in scheduler I noticed expensive divides done in try_to_wakeup() and find_busiest_group() on a bi dual core Opteron machine (total of 4 cores), moderatly loaded (15.000 context switch per second) oprofile numbers : CPU: AMD64 processors, speed 2600.05 MHz (estimated) Counted CPU_CLK_UNHALTED events (Cycles outside of halt state) with a unit mask of 0x00 (No unit mask) count 50000 samples % symbol name ... 613914 1.0498 try_to_wake_up 834 0.0013 :ffffffff80227ae1: div %rcx 77513 0.1191 :ffffffff80227ae4: mov %rax,%r11 608893 1.0413 find_busiest_group 1841 0.0031 :ffffffff802260bf: div %rdi 140109 0.2394 :ffffffff802260c2: test %sil,%sil Some of these divides can use the reciprocal divides we introduced some time ago (currently used in slab AFAIK) We can assume a load will fit in a 32bits number, because with a SCHED_LOAD_SCALE=128 value, its still a theorical limit of 33554432 When/if we reach this limit one day, probably cpus will have a fast hardware divide and we can zap the reciprocal divide trick. Ingo suggested to rename cpu_power to __cpu_power to make clear it should not be modified without changing its reciprocal value too. I did not convert the divide in cpu_avg_load_per_task(), because tracking nr_running changes may be not worth it ? We could use a static table of 32 reciprocal values but it would add a conditional branch and table lookup. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: !SMP build fix] Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-08 15:32:57 +08:00
sg->__cpu_power = 0;
sg->cpumask = *nodemask;
sg->next = sg;
cpus_or(*covered, *covered, *nodemask);
prev = sg;
for (j = 0; j < MAX_NUMNODES; j++) {
SCHED_CPUMASK_VAR(notcovered, allmasks);
int n = (i + j) % MAX_NUMNODES;
node_to_cpumask_ptr(pnodemask, n);
cpus_complement(*notcovered, *covered);
cpus_and(*tmpmask, *notcovered, *cpu_map);
cpus_and(*tmpmask, *tmpmask, *domainspan);
if (cpus_empty(*tmpmask))
break;
cpus_and(*tmpmask, *tmpmask, *pnodemask);
if (cpus_empty(*tmpmask))
continue;
sg = kmalloc_node(sizeof(struct sched_group),
GFP_KERNEL, i);
if (!sg) {
printk(KERN_WARNING
"Can not alloc domain group for node %d\n", j);
goto error;
}
Speed up divides by cpu_power in scheduler I noticed expensive divides done in try_to_wakeup() and find_busiest_group() on a bi dual core Opteron machine (total of 4 cores), moderatly loaded (15.000 context switch per second) oprofile numbers : CPU: AMD64 processors, speed 2600.05 MHz (estimated) Counted CPU_CLK_UNHALTED events (Cycles outside of halt state) with a unit mask of 0x00 (No unit mask) count 50000 samples % symbol name ... 613914 1.0498 try_to_wake_up 834 0.0013 :ffffffff80227ae1: div %rcx 77513 0.1191 :ffffffff80227ae4: mov %rax,%r11 608893 1.0413 find_busiest_group 1841 0.0031 :ffffffff802260bf: div %rdi 140109 0.2394 :ffffffff802260c2: test %sil,%sil Some of these divides can use the reciprocal divides we introduced some time ago (currently used in slab AFAIK) We can assume a load will fit in a 32bits number, because with a SCHED_LOAD_SCALE=128 value, its still a theorical limit of 33554432 When/if we reach this limit one day, probably cpus will have a fast hardware divide and we can zap the reciprocal divide trick. Ingo suggested to rename cpu_power to __cpu_power to make clear it should not be modified without changing its reciprocal value too. I did not convert the divide in cpu_avg_load_per_task(), because tracking nr_running changes may be not worth it ? We could use a static table of 32 reciprocal values but it would add a conditional branch and table lookup. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: !SMP build fix] Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-08 15:32:57 +08:00
sg->__cpu_power = 0;
sg->cpumask = *tmpmask;
sg->next = prev->next;
cpus_or(*covered, *covered, *tmpmask);
prev->next = sg;
prev = sg;
}
}
#endif
/* Calculate CPU power for physical packages and nodes */
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_SMT
[PATCH] Dynamic sched domains: sched changes The following patches add dynamic sched domains functionality that was extensively discussed on lkml and lse-tech. I would like to see this added to -mm o The main advantage with this feature is that it ensures that the scheduler load balacing code only balances against the cpus that are in the sched domain as defined by an exclusive cpuset and not all of the cpus in the system. This removes any overhead due to load balancing code trying to pull tasks outside of the cpu exclusive cpuset only to be prevented by the tasks' cpus_allowed mask. o cpu exclusive cpusets are useful for servers running orthogonal workloads such as RT applications requiring low latency and HPC applications that are throughput sensitive o It provides a new API partition_sched_domains in sched.c that makes dynamic sched domains possible. o cpu_exclusive cpusets sets are now associated with a sched domain. Which means that the users can dynamically modify the sched domains through the cpuset file system interface o ia64 sched domain code has been updated to support this feature as well o Currently, this does not support hotplug. (However some of my tests indicate hotplug+preempt is currently broken) o I have tested it extensively on x86. o This should have very minimal impact on performance as none of the fast paths are affected Signed-off-by: Dinakar Guniguntala <dino@in.ibm.com> Acked-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Acked-by: Matthew Dobson <colpatch@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-26 05:57:33 +08:00
for_each_cpu_mask(i, *cpu_map) {
struct sched_domain *sd = &per_cpu(cpu_domains, i);
init_sched_groups_power(i, sd);
}
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_MC
for_each_cpu_mask(i, *cpu_map) {
struct sched_domain *sd = &per_cpu(core_domains, i);
init_sched_groups_power(i, sd);
}
#endif
for_each_cpu_mask(i, *cpu_map) {
struct sched_domain *sd = &per_cpu(phys_domains, i);
init_sched_groups_power(i, sd);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
for (i = 0; i < MAX_NUMNODES; i++)
init_numa_sched_groups_power(sched_group_nodes[i]);
if (sd_allnodes) {
struct sched_group *sg;
cpu_to_allnodes_group(first_cpu(*cpu_map), cpu_map, &sg,
tmpmask);
init_numa_sched_groups_power(sg);
}
#endif
/* Attach the domains */
[PATCH] Dynamic sched domains: sched changes The following patches add dynamic sched domains functionality that was extensively discussed on lkml and lse-tech. I would like to see this added to -mm o The main advantage with this feature is that it ensures that the scheduler load balacing code only balances against the cpus that are in the sched domain as defined by an exclusive cpuset and not all of the cpus in the system. This removes any overhead due to load balancing code trying to pull tasks outside of the cpu exclusive cpuset only to be prevented by the tasks' cpus_allowed mask. o cpu exclusive cpusets are useful for servers running orthogonal workloads such as RT applications requiring low latency and HPC applications that are throughput sensitive o It provides a new API partition_sched_domains in sched.c that makes dynamic sched domains possible. o cpu_exclusive cpusets sets are now associated with a sched domain. Which means that the users can dynamically modify the sched domains through the cpuset file system interface o ia64 sched domain code has been updated to support this feature as well o Currently, this does not support hotplug. (However some of my tests indicate hotplug+preempt is currently broken) o I have tested it extensively on x86. o This should have very minimal impact on performance as none of the fast paths are affected Signed-off-by: Dinakar Guniguntala <dino@in.ibm.com> Acked-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Acked-by: Matthew Dobson <colpatch@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-26 05:57:33 +08:00
for_each_cpu_mask(i, *cpu_map) {
struct sched_domain *sd;
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_SMT
sd = &per_cpu(cpu_domains, i);
#elif defined(CONFIG_SCHED_MC)
sd = &per_cpu(core_domains, i);
#else
sd = &per_cpu(phys_domains, i);
#endif
cpu_attach_domain(sd, rd, i);
}
SCHED_CPUMASK_FREE((void *)allmasks);
return 0;
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
error:
free_sched_groups(cpu_map, tmpmask);
SCHED_CPUMASK_FREE((void *)allmasks);
return -ENOMEM;
#endif
}
cpuset sched_load_balance flag Add a new per-cpuset flag called 'sched_load_balance'. When enabled in a cpuset (the default value) it tells the kernel scheduler that the scheduler should provide the normal load balancing on the CPUs in that cpuset, sometimes moving tasks from one CPU to a second CPU if the second CPU is less loaded and if that task is allowed to run there. When disabled (write "0" to the file) then it tells the kernel scheduler that load balancing is not required for the CPUs in that cpuset. Now even if this flag is disabled for some cpuset, the kernel may still have to load balance some or all the CPUs in that cpuset, if some overlapping cpuset has its sched_load_balance flag enabled. If there are some CPUs that are not in any cpuset whose sched_load_balance flag is enabled, the kernel scheduler will not load balance tasks to those CPUs. Moreover the kernel will partition the 'sched domains' (non-overlapping sets of CPUs over which load balancing is attempted) into the finest granularity partition that it can find, while still keeping any two CPUs that are in the same shed_load_balance enabled cpuset in the same element of the partition. This serves two purposes: 1) It provides a mechanism for real time isolation of some CPUs, and 2) it can be used to improve performance on systems with many CPUs by supporting configurations in which load balancing is not done across all CPUs at once, but rather only done in several smaller disjoint sets of CPUs. This mechanism replaces the earlier overloading of the per-cpuset flag 'cpu_exclusive', which overloading was removed in an earlier patch: cpuset-remove-sched-domain-hooks-from-cpusets See further the Documentation and comments in the code itself. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: don't be weird] Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-19 14:40:20 +08:00
static int build_sched_domains(const cpumask_t *cpu_map)
{
return __build_sched_domains(cpu_map, NULL);
}
cpuset sched_load_balance flag Add a new per-cpuset flag called 'sched_load_balance'. When enabled in a cpuset (the default value) it tells the kernel scheduler that the scheduler should provide the normal load balancing on the CPUs in that cpuset, sometimes moving tasks from one CPU to a second CPU if the second CPU is less loaded and if that task is allowed to run there. When disabled (write "0" to the file) then it tells the kernel scheduler that load balancing is not required for the CPUs in that cpuset. Now even if this flag is disabled for some cpuset, the kernel may still have to load balance some or all the CPUs in that cpuset, if some overlapping cpuset has its sched_load_balance flag enabled. If there are some CPUs that are not in any cpuset whose sched_load_balance flag is enabled, the kernel scheduler will not load balance tasks to those CPUs. Moreover the kernel will partition the 'sched domains' (non-overlapping sets of CPUs over which load balancing is attempted) into the finest granularity partition that it can find, while still keeping any two CPUs that are in the same shed_load_balance enabled cpuset in the same element of the partition. This serves two purposes: 1) It provides a mechanism for real time isolation of some CPUs, and 2) it can be used to improve performance on systems with many CPUs by supporting configurations in which load balancing is not done across all CPUs at once, but rather only done in several smaller disjoint sets of CPUs. This mechanism replaces the earlier overloading of the per-cpuset flag 'cpu_exclusive', which overloading was removed in an earlier patch: cpuset-remove-sched-domain-hooks-from-cpusets See further the Documentation and comments in the code itself. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: don't be weird] Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-19 14:40:20 +08:00
static cpumask_t *doms_cur; /* current sched domains */
static int ndoms_cur; /* number of sched domains in 'doms_cur' */
static struct sched_domain_attr *dattr_cur;
/* attribues of custom domains in 'doms_cur' */
cpuset sched_load_balance flag Add a new per-cpuset flag called 'sched_load_balance'. When enabled in a cpuset (the default value) it tells the kernel scheduler that the scheduler should provide the normal load balancing on the CPUs in that cpuset, sometimes moving tasks from one CPU to a second CPU if the second CPU is less loaded and if that task is allowed to run there. When disabled (write "0" to the file) then it tells the kernel scheduler that load balancing is not required for the CPUs in that cpuset. Now even if this flag is disabled for some cpuset, the kernel may still have to load balance some or all the CPUs in that cpuset, if some overlapping cpuset has its sched_load_balance flag enabled. If there are some CPUs that are not in any cpuset whose sched_load_balance flag is enabled, the kernel scheduler will not load balance tasks to those CPUs. Moreover the kernel will partition the 'sched domains' (non-overlapping sets of CPUs over which load balancing is attempted) into the finest granularity partition that it can find, while still keeping any two CPUs that are in the same shed_load_balance enabled cpuset in the same element of the partition. This serves two purposes: 1) It provides a mechanism for real time isolation of some CPUs, and 2) it can be used to improve performance on systems with many CPUs by supporting configurations in which load balancing is not done across all CPUs at once, but rather only done in several smaller disjoint sets of CPUs. This mechanism replaces the earlier overloading of the per-cpuset flag 'cpu_exclusive', which overloading was removed in an earlier patch: cpuset-remove-sched-domain-hooks-from-cpusets See further the Documentation and comments in the code itself. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: don't be weird] Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-19 14:40:20 +08:00
/*
* Special case: If a kmalloc of a doms_cur partition (array of
* cpumask_t) fails, then fallback to a single sched domain,
* as determined by the single cpumask_t fallback_doms.
*/
static cpumask_t fallback_doms;
void __attribute__((weak)) arch_update_cpu_topology(void)
{
}
/*
* Free current domain masks.
* Called after all cpus are attached to NULL domain.
*/
static void free_sched_domains(void)
{
ndoms_cur = 0;
if (doms_cur != &fallback_doms)
kfree(doms_cur);
doms_cur = &fallback_doms;
}
[PATCH] Dynamic sched domains: sched changes The following patches add dynamic sched domains functionality that was extensively discussed on lkml and lse-tech. I would like to see this added to -mm o The main advantage with this feature is that it ensures that the scheduler load balacing code only balances against the cpus that are in the sched domain as defined by an exclusive cpuset and not all of the cpus in the system. This removes any overhead due to load balancing code trying to pull tasks outside of the cpu exclusive cpuset only to be prevented by the tasks' cpus_allowed mask. o cpu exclusive cpusets are useful for servers running orthogonal workloads such as RT applications requiring low latency and HPC applications that are throughput sensitive o It provides a new API partition_sched_domains in sched.c that makes dynamic sched domains possible. o cpu_exclusive cpusets sets are now associated with a sched domain. Which means that the users can dynamically modify the sched domains through the cpuset file system interface o ia64 sched domain code has been updated to support this feature as well o Currently, this does not support hotplug. (However some of my tests indicate hotplug+preempt is currently broken) o I have tested it extensively on x86. o This should have very minimal impact on performance as none of the fast paths are affected Signed-off-by: Dinakar Guniguntala <dino@in.ibm.com> Acked-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Acked-by: Matthew Dobson <colpatch@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-26 05:57:33 +08:00
/*
* Set up scheduler domains and groups. Callers must hold the hotplug lock.
cpuset sched_load_balance flag Add a new per-cpuset flag called 'sched_load_balance'. When enabled in a cpuset (the default value) it tells the kernel scheduler that the scheduler should provide the normal load balancing on the CPUs in that cpuset, sometimes moving tasks from one CPU to a second CPU if the second CPU is less loaded and if that task is allowed to run there. When disabled (write "0" to the file) then it tells the kernel scheduler that load balancing is not required for the CPUs in that cpuset. Now even if this flag is disabled for some cpuset, the kernel may still have to load balance some or all the CPUs in that cpuset, if some overlapping cpuset has its sched_load_balance flag enabled. If there are some CPUs that are not in any cpuset whose sched_load_balance flag is enabled, the kernel scheduler will not load balance tasks to those CPUs. Moreover the kernel will partition the 'sched domains' (non-overlapping sets of CPUs over which load balancing is attempted) into the finest granularity partition that it can find, while still keeping any two CPUs that are in the same shed_load_balance enabled cpuset in the same element of the partition. This serves two purposes: 1) It provides a mechanism for real time isolation of some CPUs, and 2) it can be used to improve performance on systems with many CPUs by supporting configurations in which load balancing is not done across all CPUs at once, but rather only done in several smaller disjoint sets of CPUs. This mechanism replaces the earlier overloading of the per-cpuset flag 'cpu_exclusive', which overloading was removed in an earlier patch: cpuset-remove-sched-domain-hooks-from-cpusets See further the Documentation and comments in the code itself. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: don't be weird] Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-19 14:40:20 +08:00
* For now this just excludes isolated cpus, but could be used to
* exclude other special cases in the future.
[PATCH] Dynamic sched domains: sched changes The following patches add dynamic sched domains functionality that was extensively discussed on lkml and lse-tech. I would like to see this added to -mm o The main advantage with this feature is that it ensures that the scheduler load balacing code only balances against the cpus that are in the sched domain as defined by an exclusive cpuset and not all of the cpus in the system. This removes any overhead due to load balancing code trying to pull tasks outside of the cpu exclusive cpuset only to be prevented by the tasks' cpus_allowed mask. o cpu exclusive cpusets are useful for servers running orthogonal workloads such as RT applications requiring low latency and HPC applications that are throughput sensitive o It provides a new API partition_sched_domains in sched.c that makes dynamic sched domains possible. o cpu_exclusive cpusets sets are now associated with a sched domain. Which means that the users can dynamically modify the sched domains through the cpuset file system interface o ia64 sched domain code has been updated to support this feature as well o Currently, this does not support hotplug. (However some of my tests indicate hotplug+preempt is currently broken) o I have tested it extensively on x86. o This should have very minimal impact on performance as none of the fast paths are affected Signed-off-by: Dinakar Guniguntala <dino@in.ibm.com> Acked-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Acked-by: Matthew Dobson <colpatch@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-26 05:57:33 +08:00
*/
static int arch_init_sched_domains(const cpumask_t *cpu_map)
[PATCH] Dynamic sched domains: sched changes The following patches add dynamic sched domains functionality that was extensively discussed on lkml and lse-tech. I would like to see this added to -mm o The main advantage with this feature is that it ensures that the scheduler load balacing code only balances against the cpus that are in the sched domain as defined by an exclusive cpuset and not all of the cpus in the system. This removes any overhead due to load balancing code trying to pull tasks outside of the cpu exclusive cpuset only to be prevented by the tasks' cpus_allowed mask. o cpu exclusive cpusets are useful for servers running orthogonal workloads such as RT applications requiring low latency and HPC applications that are throughput sensitive o It provides a new API partition_sched_domains in sched.c that makes dynamic sched domains possible. o cpu_exclusive cpusets sets are now associated with a sched domain. Which means that the users can dynamically modify the sched domains through the cpuset file system interface o ia64 sched domain code has been updated to support this feature as well o Currently, this does not support hotplug. (However some of my tests indicate hotplug+preempt is currently broken) o I have tested it extensively on x86. o This should have very minimal impact on performance as none of the fast paths are affected Signed-off-by: Dinakar Guniguntala <dino@in.ibm.com> Acked-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Acked-by: Matthew Dobson <colpatch@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-26 05:57:33 +08:00
{
sched: fix sched_domain sysctl registration again commit 029190c515f15f512ac85de8fc686d4dbd0ae731 (cpuset sched_load_balance flag) was not tested SCHED_DEBUG enabled as committed as it dereferences NULL when used and it reordered the sysctl registration to cause it to never show any domains or their tunables. Fixes: 1) restore arch_init_sched_domains ordering we can't walk the domains before we build them presently we register cpus with empty directories (no domain directories or files). 2) make unregister_sched_domain_sysctl do nothing when already unregistered detach_destroy_domains is now called one set of cpus at a time unregister_syctl dereferences NULL if called with a null. While the the function would always dereference null if called twice, in the previous code it was always called once and then was followed a register. So only the hidden bug of the sysctl_root_table not being allocated followed by an attempt to free it would have shown the error. 3) always call unregister and register in partition_sched_domains The code is "smart" about unregistering only needed domains. Since we aren't guaranteed any calls to unregister, always unregister. Without calling register on the way out we will not have a table or any sysctl tree. 4) warn if register is called without unregistering The previous table memory is lost, leaving pointers to the later freed memory in sysctl and leaking the memory of the tables. Before this patch on a 2-core 4-thread box compiled for SMT and NUMA, the domains appear empty (there are actually 3 levels per cpu). And as soon as two domains a null pointer is dereferenced (unreliable in this case is stack garbage): bu19a:~# ls -R /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/ /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/: cpu0 cpu1 cpu2 cpu3 /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu0: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu1: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu2: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu3: bu19a:~# mkdir /dev/cpuset bu19a:~# mount -tcpuset cpuset /dev/cpuset/ bu19a:~# cd /dev/cpuset/ bu19a:/dev/cpuset# echo 0 > sched_load_balance bu19a:/dev/cpuset# mkdir one bu19a:/dev/cpuset# echo 1 > one/cpus bu19a:/dev/cpuset# echo 0 > one/sched_load_balance Unable to handle kernel paging request for data at address 0x00000018 Faulting instruction address: 0xc00000000006b608 NIP: c00000000006b608 LR: c00000000006b604 CTR: 0000000000000000 REGS: c000000018d973f0 TRAP: 0300 Not tainted (2.6.23-bml) MSR: 9000000000009032 <EE,ME,IR,DR> CR: 28242442 XER: 00000000 DAR: 0000000000000018, DSISR: 0000000040000000 TASK = c00000001912e340[1987] 'bash' THREAD: c000000018d94000 CPU: 2 .. NIP [c00000000006b608] .unregister_sysctl_table+0x38/0x110 LR [c00000000006b604] .unregister_sysctl_table+0x34/0x110 Call Trace: [c000000018d97670] [c000000007017270] 0xc000000007017270 (unreliable) [c000000018d97720] [c000000000058710] .detach_destroy_domains+0x30/0xb0 [c000000018d977b0] [c00000000005cf1c] .partition_sched_domains+0x1bc/0x230 [c000000018d97870] [c00000000009fdc4] .rebuild_sched_domains+0xb4/0x4c0 [c000000018d97970] [c0000000000a02e8] .update_flag+0x118/0x170 [c000000018d97a80] [c0000000000a1768] .cpuset_common_file_write+0x568/0x820 [c000000018d97c00] [c00000000009d95c] .cgroup_file_write+0x7c/0x180 [c000000018d97cf0] [c0000000000e76b8] .vfs_write+0xe8/0x1b0 [c000000018d97d90] [c0000000000e810c] .sys_write+0x4c/0x90 [c000000018d97e30] [c00000000000852c] syscall_exit+0x0/0x40 Signed-off-by: Milton Miller <miltonm@bga.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-10-25 00:23:48 +08:00
int err;
arch_update_cpu_topology();
cpuset sched_load_balance flag Add a new per-cpuset flag called 'sched_load_balance'. When enabled in a cpuset (the default value) it tells the kernel scheduler that the scheduler should provide the normal load balancing on the CPUs in that cpuset, sometimes moving tasks from one CPU to a second CPU if the second CPU is less loaded and if that task is allowed to run there. When disabled (write "0" to the file) then it tells the kernel scheduler that load balancing is not required for the CPUs in that cpuset. Now even if this flag is disabled for some cpuset, the kernel may still have to load balance some or all the CPUs in that cpuset, if some overlapping cpuset has its sched_load_balance flag enabled. If there are some CPUs that are not in any cpuset whose sched_load_balance flag is enabled, the kernel scheduler will not load balance tasks to those CPUs. Moreover the kernel will partition the 'sched domains' (non-overlapping sets of CPUs over which load balancing is attempted) into the finest granularity partition that it can find, while still keeping any two CPUs that are in the same shed_load_balance enabled cpuset in the same element of the partition. This serves two purposes: 1) It provides a mechanism for real time isolation of some CPUs, and 2) it can be used to improve performance on systems with many CPUs by supporting configurations in which load balancing is not done across all CPUs at once, but rather only done in several smaller disjoint sets of CPUs. This mechanism replaces the earlier overloading of the per-cpuset flag 'cpu_exclusive', which overloading was removed in an earlier patch: cpuset-remove-sched-domain-hooks-from-cpusets See further the Documentation and comments in the code itself. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: don't be weird] Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-19 14:40:20 +08:00
ndoms_cur = 1;
doms_cur = kmalloc(sizeof(cpumask_t), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!doms_cur)
doms_cur = &fallback_doms;
cpus_andnot(*doms_cur, *cpu_map, cpu_isolated_map);
dattr_cur = NULL;
sched: fix sched_domain sysctl registration again commit 029190c515f15f512ac85de8fc686d4dbd0ae731 (cpuset sched_load_balance flag) was not tested SCHED_DEBUG enabled as committed as it dereferences NULL when used and it reordered the sysctl registration to cause it to never show any domains or their tunables. Fixes: 1) restore arch_init_sched_domains ordering we can't walk the domains before we build them presently we register cpus with empty directories (no domain directories or files). 2) make unregister_sched_domain_sysctl do nothing when already unregistered detach_destroy_domains is now called one set of cpus at a time unregister_syctl dereferences NULL if called with a null. While the the function would always dereference null if called twice, in the previous code it was always called once and then was followed a register. So only the hidden bug of the sysctl_root_table not being allocated followed by an attempt to free it would have shown the error. 3) always call unregister and register in partition_sched_domains The code is "smart" about unregistering only needed domains. Since we aren't guaranteed any calls to unregister, always unregister. Without calling register on the way out we will not have a table or any sysctl tree. 4) warn if register is called without unregistering The previous table memory is lost, leaving pointers to the later freed memory in sysctl and leaking the memory of the tables. Before this patch on a 2-core 4-thread box compiled for SMT and NUMA, the domains appear empty (there are actually 3 levels per cpu). And as soon as two domains a null pointer is dereferenced (unreliable in this case is stack garbage): bu19a:~# ls -R /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/ /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/: cpu0 cpu1 cpu2 cpu3 /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu0: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu1: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu2: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu3: bu19a:~# mkdir /dev/cpuset bu19a:~# mount -tcpuset cpuset /dev/cpuset/ bu19a:~# cd /dev/cpuset/ bu19a:/dev/cpuset# echo 0 > sched_load_balance bu19a:/dev/cpuset# mkdir one bu19a:/dev/cpuset# echo 1 > one/cpus bu19a:/dev/cpuset# echo 0 > one/sched_load_balance Unable to handle kernel paging request for data at address 0x00000018 Faulting instruction address: 0xc00000000006b608 NIP: c00000000006b608 LR: c00000000006b604 CTR: 0000000000000000 REGS: c000000018d973f0 TRAP: 0300 Not tainted (2.6.23-bml) MSR: 9000000000009032 <EE,ME,IR,DR> CR: 28242442 XER: 00000000 DAR: 0000000000000018, DSISR: 0000000040000000 TASK = c00000001912e340[1987] 'bash' THREAD: c000000018d94000 CPU: 2 .. NIP [c00000000006b608] .unregister_sysctl_table+0x38/0x110 LR [c00000000006b604] .unregister_sysctl_table+0x34/0x110 Call Trace: [c000000018d97670] [c000000007017270] 0xc000000007017270 (unreliable) [c000000018d97720] [c000000000058710] .detach_destroy_domains+0x30/0xb0 [c000000018d977b0] [c00000000005cf1c] .partition_sched_domains+0x1bc/0x230 [c000000018d97870] [c00000000009fdc4] .rebuild_sched_domains+0xb4/0x4c0 [c000000018d97970] [c0000000000a02e8] .update_flag+0x118/0x170 [c000000018d97a80] [c0000000000a1768] .cpuset_common_file_write+0x568/0x820 [c000000018d97c00] [c00000000009d95c] .cgroup_file_write+0x7c/0x180 [c000000018d97cf0] [c0000000000e76b8] .vfs_write+0xe8/0x1b0 [c000000018d97d90] [c0000000000e810c] .sys_write+0x4c/0x90 [c000000018d97e30] [c00000000000852c] syscall_exit+0x0/0x40 Signed-off-by: Milton Miller <miltonm@bga.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-10-25 00:23:48 +08:00
err = build_sched_domains(doms_cur);
register_sched_domain_sysctl();
sched: fix sched_domain sysctl registration again commit 029190c515f15f512ac85de8fc686d4dbd0ae731 (cpuset sched_load_balance flag) was not tested SCHED_DEBUG enabled as committed as it dereferences NULL when used and it reordered the sysctl registration to cause it to never show any domains or their tunables. Fixes: 1) restore arch_init_sched_domains ordering we can't walk the domains before we build them presently we register cpus with empty directories (no domain directories or files). 2) make unregister_sched_domain_sysctl do nothing when already unregistered detach_destroy_domains is now called one set of cpus at a time unregister_syctl dereferences NULL if called with a null. While the the function would always dereference null if called twice, in the previous code it was always called once and then was followed a register. So only the hidden bug of the sysctl_root_table not being allocated followed by an attempt to free it would have shown the error. 3) always call unregister and register in partition_sched_domains The code is "smart" about unregistering only needed domains. Since we aren't guaranteed any calls to unregister, always unregister. Without calling register on the way out we will not have a table or any sysctl tree. 4) warn if register is called without unregistering The previous table memory is lost, leaving pointers to the later freed memory in sysctl and leaking the memory of the tables. Before this patch on a 2-core 4-thread box compiled for SMT and NUMA, the domains appear empty (there are actually 3 levels per cpu). And as soon as two domains a null pointer is dereferenced (unreliable in this case is stack garbage): bu19a:~# ls -R /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/ /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/: cpu0 cpu1 cpu2 cpu3 /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu0: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu1: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu2: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu3: bu19a:~# mkdir /dev/cpuset bu19a:~# mount -tcpuset cpuset /dev/cpuset/ bu19a:~# cd /dev/cpuset/ bu19a:/dev/cpuset# echo 0 > sched_load_balance bu19a:/dev/cpuset# mkdir one bu19a:/dev/cpuset# echo 1 > one/cpus bu19a:/dev/cpuset# echo 0 > one/sched_load_balance Unable to handle kernel paging request for data at address 0x00000018 Faulting instruction address: 0xc00000000006b608 NIP: c00000000006b608 LR: c00000000006b604 CTR: 0000000000000000 REGS: c000000018d973f0 TRAP: 0300 Not tainted (2.6.23-bml) MSR: 9000000000009032 <EE,ME,IR,DR> CR: 28242442 XER: 00000000 DAR: 0000000000000018, DSISR: 0000000040000000 TASK = c00000001912e340[1987] 'bash' THREAD: c000000018d94000 CPU: 2 .. NIP [c00000000006b608] .unregister_sysctl_table+0x38/0x110 LR [c00000000006b604] .unregister_sysctl_table+0x34/0x110 Call Trace: [c000000018d97670] [c000000007017270] 0xc000000007017270 (unreliable) [c000000018d97720] [c000000000058710] .detach_destroy_domains+0x30/0xb0 [c000000018d977b0] [c00000000005cf1c] .partition_sched_domains+0x1bc/0x230 [c000000018d97870] [c00000000009fdc4] .rebuild_sched_domains+0xb4/0x4c0 [c000000018d97970] [c0000000000a02e8] .update_flag+0x118/0x170 [c000000018d97a80] [c0000000000a1768] .cpuset_common_file_write+0x568/0x820 [c000000018d97c00] [c00000000009d95c] .cgroup_file_write+0x7c/0x180 [c000000018d97cf0] [c0000000000e76b8] .vfs_write+0xe8/0x1b0 [c000000018d97d90] [c0000000000e810c] .sys_write+0x4c/0x90 [c000000018d97e30] [c00000000000852c] syscall_exit+0x0/0x40 Signed-off-by: Milton Miller <miltonm@bga.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-10-25 00:23:48 +08:00
return err;
[PATCH] Dynamic sched domains: sched changes The following patches add dynamic sched domains functionality that was extensively discussed on lkml and lse-tech. I would like to see this added to -mm o The main advantage with this feature is that it ensures that the scheduler load balacing code only balances against the cpus that are in the sched domain as defined by an exclusive cpuset and not all of the cpus in the system. This removes any overhead due to load balancing code trying to pull tasks outside of the cpu exclusive cpuset only to be prevented by the tasks' cpus_allowed mask. o cpu exclusive cpusets are useful for servers running orthogonal workloads such as RT applications requiring low latency and HPC applications that are throughput sensitive o It provides a new API partition_sched_domains in sched.c that makes dynamic sched domains possible. o cpu_exclusive cpusets sets are now associated with a sched domain. Which means that the users can dynamically modify the sched domains through the cpuset file system interface o ia64 sched domain code has been updated to support this feature as well o Currently, this does not support hotplug. (However some of my tests indicate hotplug+preempt is currently broken) o I have tested it extensively on x86. o This should have very minimal impact on performance as none of the fast paths are affected Signed-off-by: Dinakar Guniguntala <dino@in.ibm.com> Acked-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Acked-by: Matthew Dobson <colpatch@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-26 05:57:33 +08:00
}
static void arch_destroy_sched_domains(const cpumask_t *cpu_map,
cpumask_t *tmpmask)
{
free_sched_groups(cpu_map, tmpmask);
}
[PATCH] Dynamic sched domains: sched changes The following patches add dynamic sched domains functionality that was extensively discussed on lkml and lse-tech. I would like to see this added to -mm o The main advantage with this feature is that it ensures that the scheduler load balacing code only balances against the cpus that are in the sched domain as defined by an exclusive cpuset and not all of the cpus in the system. This removes any overhead due to load balancing code trying to pull tasks outside of the cpu exclusive cpuset only to be prevented by the tasks' cpus_allowed mask. o cpu exclusive cpusets are useful for servers running orthogonal workloads such as RT applications requiring low latency and HPC applications that are throughput sensitive o It provides a new API partition_sched_domains in sched.c that makes dynamic sched domains possible. o cpu_exclusive cpusets sets are now associated with a sched domain. Which means that the users can dynamically modify the sched domains through the cpuset file system interface o ia64 sched domain code has been updated to support this feature as well o Currently, this does not support hotplug. (However some of my tests indicate hotplug+preempt is currently broken) o I have tested it extensively on x86. o This should have very minimal impact on performance as none of the fast paths are affected Signed-off-by: Dinakar Guniguntala <dino@in.ibm.com> Acked-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Acked-by: Matthew Dobson <colpatch@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-26 05:57:33 +08:00
/*
* Detach sched domains from a group of cpus specified in cpu_map
* These cpus will now be attached to the NULL domain
*/
static void detach_destroy_domains(const cpumask_t *cpu_map)
[PATCH] Dynamic sched domains: sched changes The following patches add dynamic sched domains functionality that was extensively discussed on lkml and lse-tech. I would like to see this added to -mm o The main advantage with this feature is that it ensures that the scheduler load balacing code only balances against the cpus that are in the sched domain as defined by an exclusive cpuset and not all of the cpus in the system. This removes any overhead due to load balancing code trying to pull tasks outside of the cpu exclusive cpuset only to be prevented by the tasks' cpus_allowed mask. o cpu exclusive cpusets are useful for servers running orthogonal workloads such as RT applications requiring low latency and HPC applications that are throughput sensitive o It provides a new API partition_sched_domains in sched.c that makes dynamic sched domains possible. o cpu_exclusive cpusets sets are now associated with a sched domain. Which means that the users can dynamically modify the sched domains through the cpuset file system interface o ia64 sched domain code has been updated to support this feature as well o Currently, this does not support hotplug. (However some of my tests indicate hotplug+preempt is currently broken) o I have tested it extensively on x86. o This should have very minimal impact on performance as none of the fast paths are affected Signed-off-by: Dinakar Guniguntala <dino@in.ibm.com> Acked-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Acked-by: Matthew Dobson <colpatch@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-26 05:57:33 +08:00
{
cpumask_t tmpmask;
[PATCH] Dynamic sched domains: sched changes The following patches add dynamic sched domains functionality that was extensively discussed on lkml and lse-tech. I would like to see this added to -mm o The main advantage with this feature is that it ensures that the scheduler load balacing code only balances against the cpus that are in the sched domain as defined by an exclusive cpuset and not all of the cpus in the system. This removes any overhead due to load balancing code trying to pull tasks outside of the cpu exclusive cpuset only to be prevented by the tasks' cpus_allowed mask. o cpu exclusive cpusets are useful for servers running orthogonal workloads such as RT applications requiring low latency and HPC applications that are throughput sensitive o It provides a new API partition_sched_domains in sched.c that makes dynamic sched domains possible. o cpu_exclusive cpusets sets are now associated with a sched domain. Which means that the users can dynamically modify the sched domains through the cpuset file system interface o ia64 sched domain code has been updated to support this feature as well o Currently, this does not support hotplug. (However some of my tests indicate hotplug+preempt is currently broken) o I have tested it extensively on x86. o This should have very minimal impact on performance as none of the fast paths are affected Signed-off-by: Dinakar Guniguntala <dino@in.ibm.com> Acked-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Acked-by: Matthew Dobson <colpatch@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-26 05:57:33 +08:00
int i;
unregister_sched_domain_sysctl();
[PATCH] Dynamic sched domains: sched changes The following patches add dynamic sched domains functionality that was extensively discussed on lkml and lse-tech. I would like to see this added to -mm o The main advantage with this feature is that it ensures that the scheduler load balacing code only balances against the cpus that are in the sched domain as defined by an exclusive cpuset and not all of the cpus in the system. This removes any overhead due to load balancing code trying to pull tasks outside of the cpu exclusive cpuset only to be prevented by the tasks' cpus_allowed mask. o cpu exclusive cpusets are useful for servers running orthogonal workloads such as RT applications requiring low latency and HPC applications that are throughput sensitive o It provides a new API partition_sched_domains in sched.c that makes dynamic sched domains possible. o cpu_exclusive cpusets sets are now associated with a sched domain. Which means that the users can dynamically modify the sched domains through the cpuset file system interface o ia64 sched domain code has been updated to support this feature as well o Currently, this does not support hotplug. (However some of my tests indicate hotplug+preempt is currently broken) o I have tested it extensively on x86. o This should have very minimal impact on performance as none of the fast paths are affected Signed-off-by: Dinakar Guniguntala <dino@in.ibm.com> Acked-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Acked-by: Matthew Dobson <colpatch@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-26 05:57:33 +08:00
for_each_cpu_mask(i, *cpu_map)
cpu_attach_domain(NULL, &def_root_domain, i);
[PATCH] Dynamic sched domains: sched changes The following patches add dynamic sched domains functionality that was extensively discussed on lkml and lse-tech. I would like to see this added to -mm o The main advantage with this feature is that it ensures that the scheduler load balacing code only balances against the cpus that are in the sched domain as defined by an exclusive cpuset and not all of the cpus in the system. This removes any overhead due to load balancing code trying to pull tasks outside of the cpu exclusive cpuset only to be prevented by the tasks' cpus_allowed mask. o cpu exclusive cpusets are useful for servers running orthogonal workloads such as RT applications requiring low latency and HPC applications that are throughput sensitive o It provides a new API partition_sched_domains in sched.c that makes dynamic sched domains possible. o cpu_exclusive cpusets sets are now associated with a sched domain. Which means that the users can dynamically modify the sched domains through the cpuset file system interface o ia64 sched domain code has been updated to support this feature as well o Currently, this does not support hotplug. (However some of my tests indicate hotplug+preempt is currently broken) o I have tested it extensively on x86. o This should have very minimal impact on performance as none of the fast paths are affected Signed-off-by: Dinakar Guniguntala <dino@in.ibm.com> Acked-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Acked-by: Matthew Dobson <colpatch@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-26 05:57:33 +08:00
synchronize_sched();
arch_destroy_sched_domains(cpu_map, &tmpmask);
[PATCH] Dynamic sched domains: sched changes The following patches add dynamic sched domains functionality that was extensively discussed on lkml and lse-tech. I would like to see this added to -mm o The main advantage with this feature is that it ensures that the scheduler load balacing code only balances against the cpus that are in the sched domain as defined by an exclusive cpuset and not all of the cpus in the system. This removes any overhead due to load balancing code trying to pull tasks outside of the cpu exclusive cpuset only to be prevented by the tasks' cpus_allowed mask. o cpu exclusive cpusets are useful for servers running orthogonal workloads such as RT applications requiring low latency and HPC applications that are throughput sensitive o It provides a new API partition_sched_domains in sched.c that makes dynamic sched domains possible. o cpu_exclusive cpusets sets are now associated with a sched domain. Which means that the users can dynamically modify the sched domains through the cpuset file system interface o ia64 sched domain code has been updated to support this feature as well o Currently, this does not support hotplug. (However some of my tests indicate hotplug+preempt is currently broken) o I have tested it extensively on x86. o This should have very minimal impact on performance as none of the fast paths are affected Signed-off-by: Dinakar Guniguntala <dino@in.ibm.com> Acked-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Acked-by: Matthew Dobson <colpatch@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-26 05:57:33 +08:00
}
/* handle null as "default" */
static int dattrs_equal(struct sched_domain_attr *cur, int idx_cur,
struct sched_domain_attr *new, int idx_new)
{
struct sched_domain_attr tmp;
/* fast path */
if (!new && !cur)
return 1;
tmp = SD_ATTR_INIT;
return !memcmp(cur ? (cur + idx_cur) : &tmp,
new ? (new + idx_new) : &tmp,
sizeof(struct sched_domain_attr));
}
cpuset sched_load_balance flag Add a new per-cpuset flag called 'sched_load_balance'. When enabled in a cpuset (the default value) it tells the kernel scheduler that the scheduler should provide the normal load balancing on the CPUs in that cpuset, sometimes moving tasks from one CPU to a second CPU if the second CPU is less loaded and if that task is allowed to run there. When disabled (write "0" to the file) then it tells the kernel scheduler that load balancing is not required for the CPUs in that cpuset. Now even if this flag is disabled for some cpuset, the kernel may still have to load balance some or all the CPUs in that cpuset, if some overlapping cpuset has its sched_load_balance flag enabled. If there are some CPUs that are not in any cpuset whose sched_load_balance flag is enabled, the kernel scheduler will not load balance tasks to those CPUs. Moreover the kernel will partition the 'sched domains' (non-overlapping sets of CPUs over which load balancing is attempted) into the finest granularity partition that it can find, while still keeping any two CPUs that are in the same shed_load_balance enabled cpuset in the same element of the partition. This serves two purposes: 1) It provides a mechanism for real time isolation of some CPUs, and 2) it can be used to improve performance on systems with many CPUs by supporting configurations in which load balancing is not done across all CPUs at once, but rather only done in several smaller disjoint sets of CPUs. This mechanism replaces the earlier overloading of the per-cpuset flag 'cpu_exclusive', which overloading was removed in an earlier patch: cpuset-remove-sched-domain-hooks-from-cpusets See further the Documentation and comments in the code itself. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: don't be weird] Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-19 14:40:20 +08:00
/*
* Partition sched domains as specified by the 'ndoms_new'
* cpumasks in the array doms_new[] of cpumasks. This compares
cpuset sched_load_balance flag Add a new per-cpuset flag called 'sched_load_balance'. When enabled in a cpuset (the default value) it tells the kernel scheduler that the scheduler should provide the normal load balancing on the CPUs in that cpuset, sometimes moving tasks from one CPU to a second CPU if the second CPU is less loaded and if that task is allowed to run there. When disabled (write "0" to the file) then it tells the kernel scheduler that load balancing is not required for the CPUs in that cpuset. Now even if this flag is disabled for some cpuset, the kernel may still have to load balance some or all the CPUs in that cpuset, if some overlapping cpuset has its sched_load_balance flag enabled. If there are some CPUs that are not in any cpuset whose sched_load_balance flag is enabled, the kernel scheduler will not load balance tasks to those CPUs. Moreover the kernel will partition the 'sched domains' (non-overlapping sets of CPUs over which load balancing is attempted) into the finest granularity partition that it can find, while still keeping any two CPUs that are in the same shed_load_balance enabled cpuset in the same element of the partition. This serves two purposes: 1) It provides a mechanism for real time isolation of some CPUs, and 2) it can be used to improve performance on systems with many CPUs by supporting configurations in which load balancing is not done across all CPUs at once, but rather only done in several smaller disjoint sets of CPUs. This mechanism replaces the earlier overloading of the per-cpuset flag 'cpu_exclusive', which overloading was removed in an earlier patch: cpuset-remove-sched-domain-hooks-from-cpusets See further the Documentation and comments in the code itself. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: don't be weird] Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-19 14:40:20 +08:00
* doms_new[] to the current sched domain partitioning, doms_cur[].
* It destroys each deleted domain and builds each new domain.
*
* 'doms_new' is an array of cpumask_t's of length 'ndoms_new'.
* The masks don't intersect (don't overlap.) We should setup one
* sched domain for each mask. CPUs not in any of the cpumasks will
* not be load balanced. If the same cpumask appears both in the
cpuset sched_load_balance flag Add a new per-cpuset flag called 'sched_load_balance'. When enabled in a cpuset (the default value) it tells the kernel scheduler that the scheduler should provide the normal load balancing on the CPUs in that cpuset, sometimes moving tasks from one CPU to a second CPU if the second CPU is less loaded and if that task is allowed to run there. When disabled (write "0" to the file) then it tells the kernel scheduler that load balancing is not required for the CPUs in that cpuset. Now even if this flag is disabled for some cpuset, the kernel may still have to load balance some or all the CPUs in that cpuset, if some overlapping cpuset has its sched_load_balance flag enabled. If there are some CPUs that are not in any cpuset whose sched_load_balance flag is enabled, the kernel scheduler will not load balance tasks to those CPUs. Moreover the kernel will partition the 'sched domains' (non-overlapping sets of CPUs over which load balancing is attempted) into the finest granularity partition that it can find, while still keeping any two CPUs that are in the same shed_load_balance enabled cpuset in the same element of the partition. This serves two purposes: 1) It provides a mechanism for real time isolation of some CPUs, and 2) it can be used to improve performance on systems with many CPUs by supporting configurations in which load balancing is not done across all CPUs at once, but rather only done in several smaller disjoint sets of CPUs. This mechanism replaces the earlier overloading of the per-cpuset flag 'cpu_exclusive', which overloading was removed in an earlier patch: cpuset-remove-sched-domain-hooks-from-cpusets See further the Documentation and comments in the code itself. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: don't be weird] Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-19 14:40:20 +08:00
* current 'doms_cur' domains and in the new 'doms_new', we can leave
* it as it is.
*
* The passed in 'doms_new' should be kmalloc'd. This routine takes
* ownership of it and will kfree it when done with it. If the caller
cpuset sched_load_balance flag Add a new per-cpuset flag called 'sched_load_balance'. When enabled in a cpuset (the default value) it tells the kernel scheduler that the scheduler should provide the normal load balancing on the CPUs in that cpuset, sometimes moving tasks from one CPU to a second CPU if the second CPU is less loaded and if that task is allowed to run there. When disabled (write "0" to the file) then it tells the kernel scheduler that load balancing is not required for the CPUs in that cpuset. Now even if this flag is disabled for some cpuset, the kernel may still have to load balance some or all the CPUs in that cpuset, if some overlapping cpuset has its sched_load_balance flag enabled. If there are some CPUs that are not in any cpuset whose sched_load_balance flag is enabled, the kernel scheduler will not load balance tasks to those CPUs. Moreover the kernel will partition the 'sched domains' (non-overlapping sets of CPUs over which load balancing is attempted) into the finest granularity partition that it can find, while still keeping any two CPUs that are in the same shed_load_balance enabled cpuset in the same element of the partition. This serves two purposes: 1) It provides a mechanism for real time isolation of some CPUs, and 2) it can be used to improve performance on systems with many CPUs by supporting configurations in which load balancing is not done across all CPUs at once, but rather only done in several smaller disjoint sets of CPUs. This mechanism replaces the earlier overloading of the per-cpuset flag 'cpu_exclusive', which overloading was removed in an earlier patch: cpuset-remove-sched-domain-hooks-from-cpusets See further the Documentation and comments in the code itself. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: don't be weird] Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-19 14:40:20 +08:00
* failed the kmalloc call, then it can pass in doms_new == NULL,
* and partition_sched_domains() will fallback to the single partition
* 'fallback_doms'.
*
* Call with hotplug lock held
*/
void partition_sched_domains(int ndoms_new, cpumask_t *doms_new,
struct sched_domain_attr *dattr_new)
cpuset sched_load_balance flag Add a new per-cpuset flag called 'sched_load_balance'. When enabled in a cpuset (the default value) it tells the kernel scheduler that the scheduler should provide the normal load balancing on the CPUs in that cpuset, sometimes moving tasks from one CPU to a second CPU if the second CPU is less loaded and if that task is allowed to run there. When disabled (write "0" to the file) then it tells the kernel scheduler that load balancing is not required for the CPUs in that cpuset. Now even if this flag is disabled for some cpuset, the kernel may still have to load balance some or all the CPUs in that cpuset, if some overlapping cpuset has its sched_load_balance flag enabled. If there are some CPUs that are not in any cpuset whose sched_load_balance flag is enabled, the kernel scheduler will not load balance tasks to those CPUs. Moreover the kernel will partition the 'sched domains' (non-overlapping sets of CPUs over which load balancing is attempted) into the finest granularity partition that it can find, while still keeping any two CPUs that are in the same shed_load_balance enabled cpuset in the same element of the partition. This serves two purposes: 1) It provides a mechanism for real time isolation of some CPUs, and 2) it can be used to improve performance on systems with many CPUs by supporting configurations in which load balancing is not done across all CPUs at once, but rather only done in several smaller disjoint sets of CPUs. This mechanism replaces the earlier overloading of the per-cpuset flag 'cpu_exclusive', which overloading was removed in an earlier patch: cpuset-remove-sched-domain-hooks-from-cpusets See further the Documentation and comments in the code itself. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: don't be weird] Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-19 14:40:20 +08:00
{
int i, j;
mutex_lock(&sched_domains_mutex);
sched: fix sched_domain sysctl registration again commit 029190c515f15f512ac85de8fc686d4dbd0ae731 (cpuset sched_load_balance flag) was not tested SCHED_DEBUG enabled as committed as it dereferences NULL when used and it reordered the sysctl registration to cause it to never show any domains or their tunables. Fixes: 1) restore arch_init_sched_domains ordering we can't walk the domains before we build them presently we register cpus with empty directories (no domain directories or files). 2) make unregister_sched_domain_sysctl do nothing when already unregistered detach_destroy_domains is now called one set of cpus at a time unregister_syctl dereferences NULL if called with a null. While the the function would always dereference null if called twice, in the previous code it was always called once and then was followed a register. So only the hidden bug of the sysctl_root_table not being allocated followed by an attempt to free it would have shown the error. 3) always call unregister and register in partition_sched_domains The code is "smart" about unregistering only needed domains. Since we aren't guaranteed any calls to unregister, always unregister. Without calling register on the way out we will not have a table or any sysctl tree. 4) warn if register is called without unregistering The previous table memory is lost, leaving pointers to the later freed memory in sysctl and leaking the memory of the tables. Before this patch on a 2-core 4-thread box compiled for SMT and NUMA, the domains appear empty (there are actually 3 levels per cpu). And as soon as two domains a null pointer is dereferenced (unreliable in this case is stack garbage): bu19a:~# ls -R /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/ /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/: cpu0 cpu1 cpu2 cpu3 /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu0: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu1: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu2: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu3: bu19a:~# mkdir /dev/cpuset bu19a:~# mount -tcpuset cpuset /dev/cpuset/ bu19a:~# cd /dev/cpuset/ bu19a:/dev/cpuset# echo 0 > sched_load_balance bu19a:/dev/cpuset# mkdir one bu19a:/dev/cpuset# echo 1 > one/cpus bu19a:/dev/cpuset# echo 0 > one/sched_load_balance Unable to handle kernel paging request for data at address 0x00000018 Faulting instruction address: 0xc00000000006b608 NIP: c00000000006b608 LR: c00000000006b604 CTR: 0000000000000000 REGS: c000000018d973f0 TRAP: 0300 Not tainted (2.6.23-bml) MSR: 9000000000009032 <EE,ME,IR,DR> CR: 28242442 XER: 00000000 DAR: 0000000000000018, DSISR: 0000000040000000 TASK = c00000001912e340[1987] 'bash' THREAD: c000000018d94000 CPU: 2 .. NIP [c00000000006b608] .unregister_sysctl_table+0x38/0x110 LR [c00000000006b604] .unregister_sysctl_table+0x34/0x110 Call Trace: [c000000018d97670] [c000000007017270] 0xc000000007017270 (unreliable) [c000000018d97720] [c000000000058710] .detach_destroy_domains+0x30/0xb0 [c000000018d977b0] [c00000000005cf1c] .partition_sched_domains+0x1bc/0x230 [c000000018d97870] [c00000000009fdc4] .rebuild_sched_domains+0xb4/0x4c0 [c000000018d97970] [c0000000000a02e8] .update_flag+0x118/0x170 [c000000018d97a80] [c0000000000a1768] .cpuset_common_file_write+0x568/0x820 [c000000018d97c00] [c00000000009d95c] .cgroup_file_write+0x7c/0x180 [c000000018d97cf0] [c0000000000e76b8] .vfs_write+0xe8/0x1b0 [c000000018d97d90] [c0000000000e810c] .sys_write+0x4c/0x90 [c000000018d97e30] [c00000000000852c] syscall_exit+0x0/0x40 Signed-off-by: Milton Miller <miltonm@bga.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-10-25 00:23:48 +08:00
/* always unregister in case we don't destroy any domains */
unregister_sched_domain_sysctl();
cpuset sched_load_balance flag Add a new per-cpuset flag called 'sched_load_balance'. When enabled in a cpuset (the default value) it tells the kernel scheduler that the scheduler should provide the normal load balancing on the CPUs in that cpuset, sometimes moving tasks from one CPU to a second CPU if the second CPU is less loaded and if that task is allowed to run there. When disabled (write "0" to the file) then it tells the kernel scheduler that load balancing is not required for the CPUs in that cpuset. Now even if this flag is disabled for some cpuset, the kernel may still have to load balance some or all the CPUs in that cpuset, if some overlapping cpuset has its sched_load_balance flag enabled. If there are some CPUs that are not in any cpuset whose sched_load_balance flag is enabled, the kernel scheduler will not load balance tasks to those CPUs. Moreover the kernel will partition the 'sched domains' (non-overlapping sets of CPUs over which load balancing is attempted) into the finest granularity partition that it can find, while still keeping any two CPUs that are in the same shed_load_balance enabled cpuset in the same element of the partition. This serves two purposes: 1) It provides a mechanism for real time isolation of some CPUs, and 2) it can be used to improve performance on systems with many CPUs by supporting configurations in which load balancing is not done across all CPUs at once, but rather only done in several smaller disjoint sets of CPUs. This mechanism replaces the earlier overloading of the per-cpuset flag 'cpu_exclusive', which overloading was removed in an earlier patch: cpuset-remove-sched-domain-hooks-from-cpusets See further the Documentation and comments in the code itself. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: don't be weird] Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-19 14:40:20 +08:00
if (doms_new == NULL) {
ndoms_new = 1;
doms_new = &fallback_doms;
cpus_andnot(doms_new[0], cpu_online_map, cpu_isolated_map);
dattr_new = NULL;
cpuset sched_load_balance flag Add a new per-cpuset flag called 'sched_load_balance'. When enabled in a cpuset (the default value) it tells the kernel scheduler that the scheduler should provide the normal load balancing on the CPUs in that cpuset, sometimes moving tasks from one CPU to a second CPU if the second CPU is less loaded and if that task is allowed to run there. When disabled (write "0" to the file) then it tells the kernel scheduler that load balancing is not required for the CPUs in that cpuset. Now even if this flag is disabled for some cpuset, the kernel may still have to load balance some or all the CPUs in that cpuset, if some overlapping cpuset has its sched_load_balance flag enabled. If there are some CPUs that are not in any cpuset whose sched_load_balance flag is enabled, the kernel scheduler will not load balance tasks to those CPUs. Moreover the kernel will partition the 'sched domains' (non-overlapping sets of CPUs over which load balancing is attempted) into the finest granularity partition that it can find, while still keeping any two CPUs that are in the same shed_load_balance enabled cpuset in the same element of the partition. This serves two purposes: 1) It provides a mechanism for real time isolation of some CPUs, and 2) it can be used to improve performance on systems with many CPUs by supporting configurations in which load balancing is not done across all CPUs at once, but rather only done in several smaller disjoint sets of CPUs. This mechanism replaces the earlier overloading of the per-cpuset flag 'cpu_exclusive', which overloading was removed in an earlier patch: cpuset-remove-sched-domain-hooks-from-cpusets See further the Documentation and comments in the code itself. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: don't be weird] Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-19 14:40:20 +08:00
}
/* Destroy deleted domains */
for (i = 0; i < ndoms_cur; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < ndoms_new; j++) {
if (cpus_equal(doms_cur[i], doms_new[j])
&& dattrs_equal(dattr_cur, i, dattr_new, j))
cpuset sched_load_balance flag Add a new per-cpuset flag called 'sched_load_balance'. When enabled in a cpuset (the default value) it tells the kernel scheduler that the scheduler should provide the normal load balancing on the CPUs in that cpuset, sometimes moving tasks from one CPU to a second CPU if the second CPU is less loaded and if that task is allowed to run there. When disabled (write "0" to the file) then it tells the kernel scheduler that load balancing is not required for the CPUs in that cpuset. Now even if this flag is disabled for some cpuset, the kernel may still have to load balance some or all the CPUs in that cpuset, if some overlapping cpuset has its sched_load_balance flag enabled. If there are some CPUs that are not in any cpuset whose sched_load_balance flag is enabled, the kernel scheduler will not load balance tasks to those CPUs. Moreover the kernel will partition the 'sched domains' (non-overlapping sets of CPUs over which load balancing is attempted) into the finest granularity partition that it can find, while still keeping any two CPUs that are in the same shed_load_balance enabled cpuset in the same element of the partition. This serves two purposes: 1) It provides a mechanism for real time isolation of some CPUs, and 2) it can be used to improve performance on systems with many CPUs by supporting configurations in which load balancing is not done across all CPUs at once, but rather only done in several smaller disjoint sets of CPUs. This mechanism replaces the earlier overloading of the per-cpuset flag 'cpu_exclusive', which overloading was removed in an earlier patch: cpuset-remove-sched-domain-hooks-from-cpusets See further the Documentation and comments in the code itself. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: don't be weird] Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-19 14:40:20 +08:00
goto match1;
}
/* no match - a current sched domain not in new doms_new[] */
detach_destroy_domains(doms_cur + i);
match1:
;
}
/* Build new domains */
for (i = 0; i < ndoms_new; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < ndoms_cur; j++) {
if (cpus_equal(doms_new[i], doms_cur[j])
&& dattrs_equal(dattr_new, i, dattr_cur, j))
cpuset sched_load_balance flag Add a new per-cpuset flag called 'sched_load_balance'. When enabled in a cpuset (the default value) it tells the kernel scheduler that the scheduler should provide the normal load balancing on the CPUs in that cpuset, sometimes moving tasks from one CPU to a second CPU if the second CPU is less loaded and if that task is allowed to run there. When disabled (write "0" to the file) then it tells the kernel scheduler that load balancing is not required for the CPUs in that cpuset. Now even if this flag is disabled for some cpuset, the kernel may still have to load balance some or all the CPUs in that cpuset, if some overlapping cpuset has its sched_load_balance flag enabled. If there are some CPUs that are not in any cpuset whose sched_load_balance flag is enabled, the kernel scheduler will not load balance tasks to those CPUs. Moreover the kernel will partition the 'sched domains' (non-overlapping sets of CPUs over which load balancing is attempted) into the finest granularity partition that it can find, while still keeping any two CPUs that are in the same shed_load_balance enabled cpuset in the same element of the partition. This serves two purposes: 1) It provides a mechanism for real time isolation of some CPUs, and 2) it can be used to improve performance on systems with many CPUs by supporting configurations in which load balancing is not done across all CPUs at once, but rather only done in several smaller disjoint sets of CPUs. This mechanism replaces the earlier overloading of the per-cpuset flag 'cpu_exclusive', which overloading was removed in an earlier patch: cpuset-remove-sched-domain-hooks-from-cpusets See further the Documentation and comments in the code itself. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: don't be weird] Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-19 14:40:20 +08:00
goto match2;
}
/* no match - add a new doms_new */
__build_sched_domains(doms_new + i,
dattr_new ? dattr_new + i : NULL);
cpuset sched_load_balance flag Add a new per-cpuset flag called 'sched_load_balance'. When enabled in a cpuset (the default value) it tells the kernel scheduler that the scheduler should provide the normal load balancing on the CPUs in that cpuset, sometimes moving tasks from one CPU to a second CPU if the second CPU is less loaded and if that task is allowed to run there. When disabled (write "0" to the file) then it tells the kernel scheduler that load balancing is not required for the CPUs in that cpuset. Now even if this flag is disabled for some cpuset, the kernel may still have to load balance some or all the CPUs in that cpuset, if some overlapping cpuset has its sched_load_balance flag enabled. If there are some CPUs that are not in any cpuset whose sched_load_balance flag is enabled, the kernel scheduler will not load balance tasks to those CPUs. Moreover the kernel will partition the 'sched domains' (non-overlapping sets of CPUs over which load balancing is attempted) into the finest granularity partition that it can find, while still keeping any two CPUs that are in the same shed_load_balance enabled cpuset in the same element of the partition. This serves two purposes: 1) It provides a mechanism for real time isolation of some CPUs, and 2) it can be used to improve performance on systems with many CPUs by supporting configurations in which load balancing is not done across all CPUs at once, but rather only done in several smaller disjoint sets of CPUs. This mechanism replaces the earlier overloading of the per-cpuset flag 'cpu_exclusive', which overloading was removed in an earlier patch: cpuset-remove-sched-domain-hooks-from-cpusets See further the Documentation and comments in the code itself. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: don't be weird] Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-19 14:40:20 +08:00
match2:
;
}
/* Remember the new sched domains */
if (doms_cur != &fallback_doms)
kfree(doms_cur);
kfree(dattr_cur); /* kfree(NULL) is safe */
cpuset sched_load_balance flag Add a new per-cpuset flag called 'sched_load_balance'. When enabled in a cpuset (the default value) it tells the kernel scheduler that the scheduler should provide the normal load balancing on the CPUs in that cpuset, sometimes moving tasks from one CPU to a second CPU if the second CPU is less loaded and if that task is allowed to run there. When disabled (write "0" to the file) then it tells the kernel scheduler that load balancing is not required for the CPUs in that cpuset. Now even if this flag is disabled for some cpuset, the kernel may still have to load balance some or all the CPUs in that cpuset, if some overlapping cpuset has its sched_load_balance flag enabled. If there are some CPUs that are not in any cpuset whose sched_load_balance flag is enabled, the kernel scheduler will not load balance tasks to those CPUs. Moreover the kernel will partition the 'sched domains' (non-overlapping sets of CPUs over which load balancing is attempted) into the finest granularity partition that it can find, while still keeping any two CPUs that are in the same shed_load_balance enabled cpuset in the same element of the partition. This serves two purposes: 1) It provides a mechanism for real time isolation of some CPUs, and 2) it can be used to improve performance on systems with many CPUs by supporting configurations in which load balancing is not done across all CPUs at once, but rather only done in several smaller disjoint sets of CPUs. This mechanism replaces the earlier overloading of the per-cpuset flag 'cpu_exclusive', which overloading was removed in an earlier patch: cpuset-remove-sched-domain-hooks-from-cpusets See further the Documentation and comments in the code itself. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: don't be weird] Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-19 14:40:20 +08:00
doms_cur = doms_new;
dattr_cur = dattr_new;
cpuset sched_load_balance flag Add a new per-cpuset flag called 'sched_load_balance'. When enabled in a cpuset (the default value) it tells the kernel scheduler that the scheduler should provide the normal load balancing on the CPUs in that cpuset, sometimes moving tasks from one CPU to a second CPU if the second CPU is less loaded and if that task is allowed to run there. When disabled (write "0" to the file) then it tells the kernel scheduler that load balancing is not required for the CPUs in that cpuset. Now even if this flag is disabled for some cpuset, the kernel may still have to load balance some or all the CPUs in that cpuset, if some overlapping cpuset has its sched_load_balance flag enabled. If there are some CPUs that are not in any cpuset whose sched_load_balance flag is enabled, the kernel scheduler will not load balance tasks to those CPUs. Moreover the kernel will partition the 'sched domains' (non-overlapping sets of CPUs over which load balancing is attempted) into the finest granularity partition that it can find, while still keeping any two CPUs that are in the same shed_load_balance enabled cpuset in the same element of the partition. This serves two purposes: 1) It provides a mechanism for real time isolation of some CPUs, and 2) it can be used to improve performance on systems with many CPUs by supporting configurations in which load balancing is not done across all CPUs at once, but rather only done in several smaller disjoint sets of CPUs. This mechanism replaces the earlier overloading of the per-cpuset flag 'cpu_exclusive', which overloading was removed in an earlier patch: cpuset-remove-sched-domain-hooks-from-cpusets See further the Documentation and comments in the code itself. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: don't be weird] Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-19 14:40:20 +08:00
ndoms_cur = ndoms_new;
sched: fix sched_domain sysctl registration again commit 029190c515f15f512ac85de8fc686d4dbd0ae731 (cpuset sched_load_balance flag) was not tested SCHED_DEBUG enabled as committed as it dereferences NULL when used and it reordered the sysctl registration to cause it to never show any domains or their tunables. Fixes: 1) restore arch_init_sched_domains ordering we can't walk the domains before we build them presently we register cpus with empty directories (no domain directories or files). 2) make unregister_sched_domain_sysctl do nothing when already unregistered detach_destroy_domains is now called one set of cpus at a time unregister_syctl dereferences NULL if called with a null. While the the function would always dereference null if called twice, in the previous code it was always called once and then was followed a register. So only the hidden bug of the sysctl_root_table not being allocated followed by an attempt to free it would have shown the error. 3) always call unregister and register in partition_sched_domains The code is "smart" about unregistering only needed domains. Since we aren't guaranteed any calls to unregister, always unregister. Without calling register on the way out we will not have a table or any sysctl tree. 4) warn if register is called without unregistering The previous table memory is lost, leaving pointers to the later freed memory in sysctl and leaking the memory of the tables. Before this patch on a 2-core 4-thread box compiled for SMT and NUMA, the domains appear empty (there are actually 3 levels per cpu). And as soon as two domains a null pointer is dereferenced (unreliable in this case is stack garbage): bu19a:~# ls -R /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/ /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/: cpu0 cpu1 cpu2 cpu3 /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu0: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu1: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu2: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu3: bu19a:~# mkdir /dev/cpuset bu19a:~# mount -tcpuset cpuset /dev/cpuset/ bu19a:~# cd /dev/cpuset/ bu19a:/dev/cpuset# echo 0 > sched_load_balance bu19a:/dev/cpuset# mkdir one bu19a:/dev/cpuset# echo 1 > one/cpus bu19a:/dev/cpuset# echo 0 > one/sched_load_balance Unable to handle kernel paging request for data at address 0x00000018 Faulting instruction address: 0xc00000000006b608 NIP: c00000000006b608 LR: c00000000006b604 CTR: 0000000000000000 REGS: c000000018d973f0 TRAP: 0300 Not tainted (2.6.23-bml) MSR: 9000000000009032 <EE,ME,IR,DR> CR: 28242442 XER: 00000000 DAR: 0000000000000018, DSISR: 0000000040000000 TASK = c00000001912e340[1987] 'bash' THREAD: c000000018d94000 CPU: 2 .. NIP [c00000000006b608] .unregister_sysctl_table+0x38/0x110 LR [c00000000006b604] .unregister_sysctl_table+0x34/0x110 Call Trace: [c000000018d97670] [c000000007017270] 0xc000000007017270 (unreliable) [c000000018d97720] [c000000000058710] .detach_destroy_domains+0x30/0xb0 [c000000018d977b0] [c00000000005cf1c] .partition_sched_domains+0x1bc/0x230 [c000000018d97870] [c00000000009fdc4] .rebuild_sched_domains+0xb4/0x4c0 [c000000018d97970] [c0000000000a02e8] .update_flag+0x118/0x170 [c000000018d97a80] [c0000000000a1768] .cpuset_common_file_write+0x568/0x820 [c000000018d97c00] [c00000000009d95c] .cgroup_file_write+0x7c/0x180 [c000000018d97cf0] [c0000000000e76b8] .vfs_write+0xe8/0x1b0 [c000000018d97d90] [c0000000000e810c] .sys_write+0x4c/0x90 [c000000018d97e30] [c00000000000852c] syscall_exit+0x0/0x40 Signed-off-by: Milton Miller <miltonm@bga.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-10-25 00:23:48 +08:00
register_sched_domain_sysctl();
mutex_unlock(&sched_domains_mutex);
cpuset sched_load_balance flag Add a new per-cpuset flag called 'sched_load_balance'. When enabled in a cpuset (the default value) it tells the kernel scheduler that the scheduler should provide the normal load balancing on the CPUs in that cpuset, sometimes moving tasks from one CPU to a second CPU if the second CPU is less loaded and if that task is allowed to run there. When disabled (write "0" to the file) then it tells the kernel scheduler that load balancing is not required for the CPUs in that cpuset. Now even if this flag is disabled for some cpuset, the kernel may still have to load balance some or all the CPUs in that cpuset, if some overlapping cpuset has its sched_load_balance flag enabled. If there are some CPUs that are not in any cpuset whose sched_load_balance flag is enabled, the kernel scheduler will not load balance tasks to those CPUs. Moreover the kernel will partition the 'sched domains' (non-overlapping sets of CPUs over which load balancing is attempted) into the finest granularity partition that it can find, while still keeping any two CPUs that are in the same shed_load_balance enabled cpuset in the same element of the partition. This serves two purposes: 1) It provides a mechanism for real time isolation of some CPUs, and 2) it can be used to improve performance on systems with many CPUs by supporting configurations in which load balancing is not done across all CPUs at once, but rather only done in several smaller disjoint sets of CPUs. This mechanism replaces the earlier overloading of the per-cpuset flag 'cpu_exclusive', which overloading was removed in an earlier patch: cpuset-remove-sched-domain-hooks-from-cpusets See further the Documentation and comments in the code itself. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: don't be weird] Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-19 14:40:20 +08:00
}
#if defined(CONFIG_SCHED_MC) || defined(CONFIG_SCHED_SMT)
int arch_reinit_sched_domains(void)
{
int err;
get_online_cpus();
mutex_lock(&sched_domains_mutex);
detach_destroy_domains(&cpu_online_map);
free_sched_domains();
err = arch_init_sched_domains(&cpu_online_map);
mutex_unlock(&sched_domains_mutex);
put_online_cpus();
return err;
}
static ssize_t sched_power_savings_store(const char *buf, size_t count, int smt)
{
int ret;
if (buf[0] != '0' && buf[0] != '1')
return -EINVAL;
if (smt)
sched_smt_power_savings = (buf[0] == '1');
else
sched_mc_power_savings = (buf[0] == '1');
ret = arch_reinit_sched_domains();
return ret ? ret : count;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_MC
static ssize_t sched_mc_power_savings_show(struct sys_device *dev, char *page)
{
return sprintf(page, "%u\n", sched_mc_power_savings);
}
static ssize_t sched_mc_power_savings_store(struct sys_device *dev,
const char *buf, size_t count)
{
return sched_power_savings_store(buf, count, 0);
}
static SYSDEV_ATTR(sched_mc_power_savings, 0644, sched_mc_power_savings_show,
sched_mc_power_savings_store);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_SMT
static ssize_t sched_smt_power_savings_show(struct sys_device *dev, char *page)
{
return sprintf(page, "%u\n", sched_smt_power_savings);
}
static ssize_t sched_smt_power_savings_store(struct sys_device *dev,
const char *buf, size_t count)
{
return sched_power_savings_store(buf, count, 1);
}
static SYSDEV_ATTR(sched_smt_power_savings, 0644, sched_smt_power_savings_show,
sched_smt_power_savings_store);
#endif
int sched_create_sysfs_power_savings_entries(struct sysdev_class *cls)
{
int err = 0;
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_SMT
if (smt_capable())
err = sysfs_create_file(&cls->kset.kobj,
&attr_sched_smt_power_savings.attr);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_MC
if (!err && mc_capable())
err = sysfs_create_file(&cls->kset.kobj,
&attr_sched_mc_power_savings.attr);
#endif
return err;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_SCHED_MC || CONFIG_SCHED_SMT */
/*
* Force a reinitialization of the sched domains hierarchy. The domains
* and groups cannot be updated in place without racing with the balancing
* code, so we temporarily attach all running cpus to the NULL domain
* which will prevent rebalancing while the sched domains are recalculated.
*/
static int update_sched_domains(struct notifier_block *nfb,
unsigned long action, void *hcpu)
{
int cpu = (int)(long)hcpu;
switch (action) {
case CPU_DOWN_PREPARE:
case CPU_DOWN_PREPARE_FROZEN:
disable_runtime(cpu_rq(cpu));
/* fall-through */
case CPU_UP_PREPARE:
case CPU_UP_PREPARE_FROZEN:
[PATCH] Dynamic sched domains: sched changes The following patches add dynamic sched domains functionality that was extensively discussed on lkml and lse-tech. I would like to see this added to -mm o The main advantage with this feature is that it ensures that the scheduler load balacing code only balances against the cpus that are in the sched domain as defined by an exclusive cpuset and not all of the cpus in the system. This removes any overhead due to load balancing code trying to pull tasks outside of the cpu exclusive cpuset only to be prevented by the tasks' cpus_allowed mask. o cpu exclusive cpusets are useful for servers running orthogonal workloads such as RT applications requiring low latency and HPC applications that are throughput sensitive o It provides a new API partition_sched_domains in sched.c that makes dynamic sched domains possible. o cpu_exclusive cpusets sets are now associated with a sched domain. Which means that the users can dynamically modify the sched domains through the cpuset file system interface o ia64 sched domain code has been updated to support this feature as well o Currently, this does not support hotplug. (However some of my tests indicate hotplug+preempt is currently broken) o I have tested it extensively on x86. o This should have very minimal impact on performance as none of the fast paths are affected Signed-off-by: Dinakar Guniguntala <dino@in.ibm.com> Acked-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Acked-by: Matthew Dobson <colpatch@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-26 05:57:33 +08:00
detach_destroy_domains(&cpu_online_map);
free_sched_domains();
return NOTIFY_OK;
case CPU_DOWN_FAILED:
case CPU_DOWN_FAILED_FROZEN:
case CPU_ONLINE:
case CPU_ONLINE_FROZEN:
enable_runtime(cpu_rq(cpu));
/* fall-through */
case CPU_UP_CANCELED:
case CPU_UP_CANCELED_FROZEN:
case CPU_DEAD:
case CPU_DEAD_FROZEN:
/*
* Fall through and re-initialise the domains.
*/
break;
default:
return NOTIFY_DONE;
}
#ifndef CONFIG_CPUSETS
/*
* Create default domain partitioning if cpusets are disabled.
* Otherwise we let cpusets rebuild the domains based on the
* current setup.
*/
/* The hotplug lock is already held by cpu_up/cpu_down */
[PATCH] Dynamic sched domains: sched changes The following patches add dynamic sched domains functionality that was extensively discussed on lkml and lse-tech. I would like to see this added to -mm o The main advantage with this feature is that it ensures that the scheduler load balacing code only balances against the cpus that are in the sched domain as defined by an exclusive cpuset and not all of the cpus in the system. This removes any overhead due to load balancing code trying to pull tasks outside of the cpu exclusive cpuset only to be prevented by the tasks' cpus_allowed mask. o cpu exclusive cpusets are useful for servers running orthogonal workloads such as RT applications requiring low latency and HPC applications that are throughput sensitive o It provides a new API partition_sched_domains in sched.c that makes dynamic sched domains possible. o cpu_exclusive cpusets sets are now associated with a sched domain. Which means that the users can dynamically modify the sched domains through the cpuset file system interface o ia64 sched domain code has been updated to support this feature as well o Currently, this does not support hotplug. (However some of my tests indicate hotplug+preempt is currently broken) o I have tested it extensively on x86. o This should have very minimal impact on performance as none of the fast paths are affected Signed-off-by: Dinakar Guniguntala <dino@in.ibm.com> Acked-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Acked-by: Matthew Dobson <colpatch@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-26 05:57:33 +08:00
arch_init_sched_domains(&cpu_online_map);
#endif
return NOTIFY_OK;
}
void __init sched_init_smp(void)
{
cpumask_t non_isolated_cpus;
#if defined(CONFIG_NUMA)
sched_group_nodes_bycpu = kzalloc(nr_cpu_ids * sizeof(void **),
GFP_KERNEL);
BUG_ON(sched_group_nodes_bycpu == NULL);
#endif
get_online_cpus();
mutex_lock(&sched_domains_mutex);
[PATCH] Dynamic sched domains: sched changes The following patches add dynamic sched domains functionality that was extensively discussed on lkml and lse-tech. I would like to see this added to -mm o The main advantage with this feature is that it ensures that the scheduler load balacing code only balances against the cpus that are in the sched domain as defined by an exclusive cpuset and not all of the cpus in the system. This removes any overhead due to load balancing code trying to pull tasks outside of the cpu exclusive cpuset only to be prevented by the tasks' cpus_allowed mask. o cpu exclusive cpusets are useful for servers running orthogonal workloads such as RT applications requiring low latency and HPC applications that are throughput sensitive o It provides a new API partition_sched_domains in sched.c that makes dynamic sched domains possible. o cpu_exclusive cpusets sets are now associated with a sched domain. Which means that the users can dynamically modify the sched domains through the cpuset file system interface o ia64 sched domain code has been updated to support this feature as well o Currently, this does not support hotplug. (However some of my tests indicate hotplug+preempt is currently broken) o I have tested it extensively on x86. o This should have very minimal impact on performance as none of the fast paths are affected Signed-off-by: Dinakar Guniguntala <dino@in.ibm.com> Acked-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Acked-by: Matthew Dobson <colpatch@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-26 05:57:33 +08:00
arch_init_sched_domains(&cpu_online_map);
cpus_andnot(non_isolated_cpus, cpu_possible_map, cpu_isolated_map);
if (cpus_empty(non_isolated_cpus))
cpu_set(smp_processor_id(), non_isolated_cpus);
mutex_unlock(&sched_domains_mutex);
put_online_cpus();
/* XXX: Theoretical race here - CPU may be hotplugged now */
hotcpu_notifier(update_sched_domains, 0);
init_hrtick();
/* Move init over to a non-isolated CPU */
if (set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, &non_isolated_cpus) < 0)
BUG();
sched_init_granularity();
}
#else
void __init sched_init_smp(void)
{
sched_init_granularity();
}
#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
int in_sched_functions(unsigned long addr)
{
return in_lock_functions(addr) ||
(addr >= (unsigned long)__sched_text_start
&& addr < (unsigned long)__sched_text_end);
}
static void init_cfs_rq(struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq, struct rq *rq)
{
cfs_rq->tasks_timeline = RB_ROOT;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cfs_rq->tasks);
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
cfs_rq->rq = rq;
#endif
cfs_rq->min_vruntime = (u64)(-(1LL << 20));
}
static void init_rt_rq(struct rt_rq *rt_rq, struct rq *rq)
{
struct rt_prio_array *array;
int i;
array = &rt_rq->active;
for (i = 0; i < MAX_RT_PRIO; i++) {
sched: rework of "prioritize non-migratable tasks over migratable ones" regarding this commit: 45c01e824991b2dd0a332e19efc4901acb31209f I think we can do it simpler. Please take a look at the patch below. Instead of having 2 separate arrays (which is + ~800 bytes on x86_32 and twice so on x86_64), let's add "exclusive" (the ones that are bound to this CPU) tasks to the head of the queue and "shared" ones -- to the end. In case of a few newly woken up "exclusive" tasks, they are 'stacked' (not queued as now), meaning that a task {i+1} is being placed in front of the previously woken up task {i}. But I don't think that this behavior may cause any realistic problems. There are a couple of changes on top of this one. (1) in check_preempt_curr_rt() I don't think there is a need for the "pick_next_rt_entity(rq, &rq->rt) != &rq->curr->rt" check. enqueue_task_rt(p) and check_preempt_curr_rt() are always called one after another with rq->lock being held so the following check "p->rt.nr_cpus_allowed == 1 && rq->curr->rt.nr_cpus_allowed != 1" should be enough (well, just its left part) to guarantee that 'p' has been queued in front of the 'curr'. (2) in set_cpus_allowed_rt() I don't thinks there is a need for requeue_task_rt() here. Perhaps, the only case when 'requeue' (+ reschedule) might be useful is as follows: i) weight == 1 && cpu_isset(task_cpu(p), *new_mask) i.e. a task is being bound to this CPU); ii) 'p' != rq->curr but here, 'p' has already been on this CPU for a while and was not migrated. i.e. it's possible that 'rq->curr' would not have high chances to be migrated right at this particular moment (although, has chance in a bit longer term), should we allow it to be preempted. Anyway, I think we should not perhaps make it more complex trying to address some rare corner cases. For instance, that's why a single queue approach would be preferable. Unless I'm missing something obvious, this approach gives us similar functionality at lower cost. Verified only compilation-wise. (Almost)-Signed-off-by: Dmitry Adamushko <dmitry.adamushko@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-06-11 06:58:30 +08:00
INIT_LIST_HEAD(array->queue + i);
__clear_bit(i, array->bitmap);
}
/* delimiter for bitsearch: */
__set_bit(MAX_RT_PRIO, array->bitmap);
#if defined CONFIG_SMP || defined CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED
rt_rq->highest_prio = MAX_RT_PRIO;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
rt_rq->rt_nr_migratory = 0;
rt_rq->overloaded = 0;
#endif
rt_rq->rt_time = 0;
rt_rq->rt_throttled = 0;
rt_rq->rt_runtime = 0;
spin_lock_init(&rt_rq->rt_runtime_lock);
#ifdef CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED
rt_rq->rt_nr_boosted = 0;
rt_rq->rq = rq;
#endif
}
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
static void init_tg_cfs_entry(struct task_group *tg, struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq,
struct sched_entity *se, int cpu, int add,
struct sched_entity *parent)
{
struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
tg->cfs_rq[cpu] = cfs_rq;
init_cfs_rq(cfs_rq, rq);
cfs_rq->tg = tg;
if (add)
list_add(&cfs_rq->leaf_cfs_rq_list, &rq->leaf_cfs_rq_list);
tg->se[cpu] = se;
/* se could be NULL for init_task_group */
if (!se)
return;
if (!parent)
se->cfs_rq = &rq->cfs;
else
se->cfs_rq = parent->my_q;
se->my_q = cfs_rq;
se->load.weight = tg->shares;
se->load.inv_weight = 0;
se->parent = parent;
}
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED
static void init_tg_rt_entry(struct task_group *tg, struct rt_rq *rt_rq,
struct sched_rt_entity *rt_se, int cpu, int add,
struct sched_rt_entity *parent)
{
struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
tg->rt_rq[cpu] = rt_rq;
init_rt_rq(rt_rq, rq);
rt_rq->tg = tg;
rt_rq->rt_se = rt_se;
rt_rq->rt_runtime = tg->rt_bandwidth.rt_runtime;
if (add)
list_add(&rt_rq->leaf_rt_rq_list, &rq->leaf_rt_rq_list);
tg->rt_se[cpu] = rt_se;
if (!rt_se)
return;
if (!parent)
rt_se->rt_rq = &rq->rt;
else
rt_se->rt_rq = parent->my_q;
rt_se->my_q = rt_rq;
rt_se->parent = parent;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rt_se->run_list);
}
#endif
void __init sched_init(void)
{
int i, j;
unsigned long alloc_size = 0, ptr;
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
alloc_size += 2 * nr_cpu_ids * sizeof(void **);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED
alloc_size += 2 * nr_cpu_ids * sizeof(void **);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_USER_SCHED
alloc_size *= 2;
#endif
/*
* As sched_init() is called before page_alloc is setup,
* we use alloc_bootmem().
*/
if (alloc_size) {
ptr = (unsigned long)alloc_bootmem(alloc_size);
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
init_task_group.se = (struct sched_entity **)ptr;
ptr += nr_cpu_ids * sizeof(void **);
init_task_group.cfs_rq = (struct cfs_rq **)ptr;
ptr += nr_cpu_ids * sizeof(void **);
#ifdef CONFIG_USER_SCHED
root_task_group.se = (struct sched_entity **)ptr;
ptr += nr_cpu_ids * sizeof(void **);
root_task_group.cfs_rq = (struct cfs_rq **)ptr;
ptr += nr_cpu_ids * sizeof(void **);
#endif /* CONFIG_USER_SCHED */
#endif /* CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED */
#ifdef CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED
init_task_group.rt_se = (struct sched_rt_entity **)ptr;
ptr += nr_cpu_ids * sizeof(void **);
init_task_group.rt_rq = (struct rt_rq **)ptr;
ptr += nr_cpu_ids * sizeof(void **);
#ifdef CONFIG_USER_SCHED
root_task_group.rt_se = (struct sched_rt_entity **)ptr;
ptr += nr_cpu_ids * sizeof(void **);
root_task_group.rt_rq = (struct rt_rq **)ptr;
ptr += nr_cpu_ids * sizeof(void **);
#endif /* CONFIG_USER_SCHED */
#endif /* CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED */
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
init_defrootdomain();
#endif
init_rt_bandwidth(&def_rt_bandwidth,
global_rt_period(), global_rt_runtime());
#ifdef CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED
init_rt_bandwidth(&init_task_group.rt_bandwidth,
global_rt_period(), global_rt_runtime());
#ifdef CONFIG_USER_SCHED
init_rt_bandwidth(&root_task_group.rt_bandwidth,
global_rt_period(), RUNTIME_INF);
#endif /* CONFIG_USER_SCHED */
#endif /* CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED */
#ifdef CONFIG_GROUP_SCHED
list_add(&init_task_group.list, &task_groups);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&init_task_group.children);
#ifdef CONFIG_USER_SCHED
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&root_task_group.children);
init_task_group.parent = &root_task_group;
list_add(&init_task_group.siblings, &root_task_group.children);
#endif /* CONFIG_USER_SCHED */
#endif /* CONFIG_GROUP_SCHED */
for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
struct rq *rq;
rq = cpu_rq(i);
spin_lock_init(&rq->lock);
lockdep_set_class(&rq->lock, &rq->rq_lock_key);
rq->nr_running = 0;
init_cfs_rq(&rq->cfs, rq);
init_rt_rq(&rq->rt, rq);
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
init_task_group.shares = init_task_group_load;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rq->leaf_cfs_rq_list);
#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_SCHED
/*
* How much cpu bandwidth does init_task_group get?
*
* In case of task-groups formed thr' the cgroup filesystem, it
* gets 100% of the cpu resources in the system. This overall
* system cpu resource is divided among the tasks of
* init_task_group and its child task-groups in a fair manner,
* based on each entity's (task or task-group's) weight
* (se->load.weight).
*
* In other words, if init_task_group has 10 tasks of weight
* 1024) and two child groups A0 and A1 (of weight 1024 each),
* then A0's share of the cpu resource is:
*
* A0's bandwidth = 1024 / (10*1024 + 1024 + 1024) = 8.33%
*
* We achieve this by letting init_task_group's tasks sit
* directly in rq->cfs (i.e init_task_group->se[] = NULL).
*/
init_tg_cfs_entry(&init_task_group, &rq->cfs, NULL, i, 1, NULL);
#elif defined CONFIG_USER_SCHED
root_task_group.shares = NICE_0_LOAD;
init_tg_cfs_entry(&root_task_group, &rq->cfs, NULL, i, 0, NULL);
/*
* In case of task-groups formed thr' the user id of tasks,
* init_task_group represents tasks belonging to root user.
* Hence it forms a sibling of all subsequent groups formed.
* In this case, init_task_group gets only a fraction of overall
* system cpu resource, based on the weight assigned to root
* user's cpu share (INIT_TASK_GROUP_LOAD). This is accomplished
* by letting tasks of init_task_group sit in a separate cfs_rq
* (init_cfs_rq) and having one entity represent this group of
* tasks in rq->cfs (i.e init_task_group->se[] != NULL).
*/
init_tg_cfs_entry(&init_task_group,
&per_cpu(init_cfs_rq, i),
&per_cpu(init_sched_entity, i), i, 1,
root_task_group.se[i]);
#endif
#endif /* CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED */
rq->rt.rt_runtime = def_rt_bandwidth.rt_runtime;
#ifdef CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rq->leaf_rt_rq_list);
#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_SCHED
init_tg_rt_entry(&init_task_group, &rq->rt, NULL, i, 1, NULL);
#elif defined CONFIG_USER_SCHED
init_tg_rt_entry(&root_task_group, &rq->rt, NULL, i, 0, NULL);
init_tg_rt_entry(&init_task_group,
&per_cpu(init_rt_rq, i),
&per_cpu(init_sched_rt_entity, i), i, 1,
root_task_group.rt_se[i]);
#endif
#endif
for (j = 0; j < CPU_LOAD_IDX_MAX; j++)
rq->cpu_load[j] = 0;
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
rq->sd = NULL;
rq->rd = NULL;
rq->active_balance = 0;
rq->next_balance = jiffies;
rq->push_cpu = 0;
[PATCH] Fix longstanding load balancing bug in the scheduler The scheduler will stop load balancing if the most busy processor contains processes pinned via processor affinity. The scheduler currently only does one search for busiest cpu. If it cannot pull any tasks away from the busiest cpu because they were pinned then the scheduler goes into a corner and sulks leaving the idle processors idle. F.e. If you have processor 0 busy running four tasks pinned via taskset, there are none on processor 1 and one just started two processes on processor 2 then the scheduler will not move one of the two processes away from processor 2. This patch fixes that issue by forcing the scheduler to come out of its corner and retrying the load balancing by considering other processors for load balancing. This patch was originally developed by John Hawkes and discussed at http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=113901368523205&w=2. I have removed extraneous material and gone back to equipping struct rq with the cpu the queue is associated with since this makes the patch much easier and it is likely that others in the future will have the same difficulty of figuring out which processor owns which runqueue. The overhead added through these patches is a single word on the stack if the kernel is configured to support 32 cpus or less (32 bit). For 32 bit environments the maximum number of cpus that can be configued is 255 which would result in the use of 32 bytes additional on the stack. On IA64 up to 1k cpus can be configured which will result in the use of 128 additional bytes on the stack. The maximum additional cache footprint is one cacheline. Typically memory use will be much less than a cacheline and the additional cpumask will be placed on the stack in a cacheline that already contains other local variable. Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-09-26 14:30:51 +08:00
rq->cpu = i;
rq->online = 0;
rq->migration_thread = NULL;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rq->migration_queue);
rq_attach_root(rq, &def_root_domain);
#endif
init_rq_hrtick(rq);
atomic_set(&rq->nr_iowait, 0);
}
[PATCH] sched: implement smpnice Problem: The introduction of separate run queues per CPU has brought with it "nice" enforcement problems that are best described by a simple example. For the sake of argument suppose that on a single CPU machine with a nice==19 hard spinner and a nice==0 hard spinner running that the nice==0 task gets 95% of the CPU and the nice==19 task gets 5% of the CPU. Now suppose that there is a system with 2 CPUs and 2 nice==19 hard spinners and 2 nice==0 hard spinners running. The user of this system would be entitled to expect that the nice==0 tasks each get 95% of a CPU and the nice==19 tasks only get 5% each. However, whether this expectation is met is pretty much down to luck as there are four equally likely distributions of the tasks to the CPUs that the load balancing code will consider to be balanced with loads of 2.0 for each CPU. Two of these distributions involve one nice==0 and one nice==19 task per CPU and in these circumstances the users expectations will be met. The other two distributions both involve both nice==0 tasks being on one CPU and both nice==19 being on the other CPU and each task will get 50% of a CPU and the user's expectations will not be met. Solution: The solution to this problem that is implemented in the attached patch is to use weighted loads when determining if the system is balanced and, when an imbalance is detected, to move an amount of weighted load between run queues (as opposed to a number of tasks) to restore the balance. Once again, the easiest way to explain why both of these measures are necessary is to use a simple example. Suppose that (in a slight variation of the above example) that we have a two CPU system with 4 nice==0 and 4 nice=19 hard spinning tasks running and that the 4 nice==0 tasks are on one CPU and the 4 nice==19 tasks are on the other CPU. The weighted loads for the two CPUs would be 4.0 and 0.2 respectively and the load balancing code would move 2 tasks resulting in one CPU with a load of 2.0 and the other with load of 2.2. If this was considered to be a big enough imbalance to justify moving a task and that task was moved using the current move_tasks() then it would move the highest priority task that it found and this would result in one CPU with a load of 3.0 and the other with a load of 1.2 which would result in the movement of a task in the opposite direction and so on -- infinite loop. If, on the other hand, an amount of load to be moved is calculated from the imbalance (in this case 0.1) and move_tasks() skips tasks until it find ones whose contributions to the weighted load are less than this amount it would move two of the nice==19 tasks resulting in a system with 2 nice==0 and 2 nice=19 on each CPU with loads of 2.1 for each CPU. One of the advantages of this mechanism is that on a system where all tasks have nice==0 the load balancing calculations would be mathematically identical to the current load balancing code. Notes: struct task_struct: has a new field load_weight which (in a trade off of space for speed) stores the contribution that this task makes to a CPU's weighted load when it is runnable. struct runqueue: has a new field raw_weighted_load which is the sum of the load_weight values for the currently runnable tasks on this run queue. This field always needs to be updated when nr_running is updated so two new inline functions inc_nr_running() and dec_nr_running() have been created to make sure that this happens. This also offers a convenient way to optimize away this part of the smpnice mechanism when CONFIG_SMP is not defined. int try_to_wake_up(): in this function the value SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task in various calculations in the code that decides which CPU to put the waking task on. While this would be a valid on a system where the nice values for the runnable tasks were distributed evenly around zero it will lead to anomalous load balancing if the distribution is skewed in either direction. To overcome this problem SCHED_LOAD_SCALE has been replaced by the load_weight for the relevant task or by the average load_weight per task for the queue in question (as appropriate). int move_tasks(): The modifications to this function were complicated by the fact that active_load_balance() uses it to move exactly one task without checking whether an imbalance actually exists. This precluded the simple overloading of max_nr_move with max_load_move and necessitated the addition of the latter as an extra argument to the function. The internal implementation is then modified to move up to max_nr_move tasks and max_load_move of weighted load. This slightly complicates the code where move_tasks() is called and if ever active_load_balance() is changed to not use move_tasks() the implementation of move_tasks() should be simplified accordingly. struct sched_group *find_busiest_group(): Similar to try_to_wake_up(), there are places in this function where SCHED_LOAD_SCALE is used to represent the load contribution of a single task and the same issues are created. A similar solution is adopted except that it is now the average per task contribution to a group's load (as opposed to a run queue) that is required. As this value is not directly available from the group it is calculated on the fly as the queues in the groups are visited when determining the busiest group. A key change to this function is that it is no longer to scale down *imbalance on exit as move_tasks() uses the load in its scaled form. void set_user_nice(): has been modified to update the task's load_weight field when it's nice value and also to ensure that its run queue's raw_weighted_load field is updated if it was runnable. From: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> With smpnice, sched groups with highest priority tasks can mask the imbalance between the other sched groups with in the same domain. This patch fixes some of the listed down scenarios by not considering the sched groups which are lightly loaded. a) on a simple 4-way MP system, if we have one high priority and 4 normal priority tasks, with smpnice we would like to see the high priority task scheduled on one cpu, two other cpus getting one normal task each and the fourth cpu getting the remaining two normal tasks. but with current smpnice extra normal priority task keeps jumping from one cpu to another cpu having the normal priority task. This is because of the busiest_has_loaded_cpus, nr_loaded_cpus logic.. We are not including the cpu with high priority task in max_load calculations but including that in total and avg_load calcuations.. leading to max_load < avg_load and load balance between cpus running normal priority tasks(2 Vs 1) will always show imbalanace as one normal priority and the extra normal priority task will keep moving from one cpu to another cpu having normal priority task.. b) 4-way system with HT (8 logical processors). Package-P0 T0 has a highest priority task, T1 is idle. Package-P1 Both T0 and T1 have 1 normal priority task each.. P2 and P3 are idle. With this patch, one of the normal priority tasks on P1 will be moved to P2 or P3.. c) With the current weighted smp nice calculations, it doesn't always make sense to look at the highest weighted runqueue in the busy group.. Consider a load balance scenario on a DP with HT system, with Package-0 containing one high priority and one low priority, Package-1 containing one low priority(with other thread being idle).. Package-1 thinks that it need to take the low priority thread from Package-0. And find_busiest_queue() returns the cpu thread with highest priority task.. And ultimately(with help of active load balance) we move high priority task to Package-1. And same continues with Package-0 now, moving high priority task from package-1 to package-0.. Even without the presence of active load balance, load balance will fail to balance the above scenario.. Fix find_busiest_queue to use "imbalance" when it is lightly loaded. [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: store weighted load on up] [kernel@kolivas.org: sched: add discrete weighted cpu load function] [suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: sched: remove dead code] Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.com.au> Cc: "Siddha, Suresh B" <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org> Cc: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27 17:54:34 +08:00
set_load_weight(&init_task);
#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_NOTIFIERS
INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&init_task.preempt_notifiers);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
open_softirq(SCHED_SOFTIRQ, run_rebalance_domains, NULL);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_RT_MUTEXES
plist_head_init(&init_task.pi_waiters, &init_task.pi_lock);
#endif
/*
* The boot idle thread does lazy MMU switching as well:
*/
atomic_inc(&init_mm.mm_count);
enter_lazy_tlb(&init_mm, current);
/*
* Make us the idle thread. Technically, schedule() should not be
* called from this thread, however somewhere below it might be,
* but because we are the idle thread, we just pick up running again
* when this runqueue becomes "idle".
*/
init_idle(current, smp_processor_id());
/*
* During early bootup we pretend to be a normal task:
*/
current->sched_class = &fair_sched_class;
scheduler_running = 1;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SPINLOCK_SLEEP
void __might_sleep(char *file, int line)
{
#ifdef in_atomic
static unsigned long prev_jiffy; /* ratelimiting */
if ((in_atomic() || irqs_disabled()) &&
system_state == SYSTEM_RUNNING && !oops_in_progress) {
if (time_before(jiffies, prev_jiffy + HZ) && prev_jiffy)
return;
prev_jiffy = jiffies;
printk(KERN_ERR "BUG: sleeping function called from invalid"
" context at %s:%d\n", file, line);
printk("in_atomic():%d, irqs_disabled():%d\n",
in_atomic(), irqs_disabled());
debug_show_held_locks(current);
if (irqs_disabled())
print_irqtrace_events(current);
dump_stack();
}
#endif
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__might_sleep);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ
static void normalize_task(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p)
{
int on_rq;
update_rq_clock(rq);
on_rq = p->se.on_rq;
if (on_rq)
deactivate_task(rq, p, 0);
__setscheduler(rq, p, SCHED_NORMAL, 0);
if (on_rq) {
activate_task(rq, p, 0);
resched_task(rq->curr);
}
}
void normalize_rt_tasks(void)
{
struct task_struct *g, *p;
unsigned long flags;
struct rq *rq;
read_lock_irqsave(&tasklist_lock, flags);
do_each_thread(g, p) {
/*
* Only normalize user tasks:
*/
if (!p->mm)
continue;
p->se.exec_start = 0;
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
p->se.wait_start = 0;
p->se.sleep_start = 0;
p->se.block_start = 0;
#endif
if (!rt_task(p)) {
/*
* Renice negative nice level userspace
* tasks back to 0:
*/
if (TASK_NICE(p) < 0 && p->mm)
set_user_nice(p, 0);
continue;
}
spin_lock(&p->pi_lock);
rq = __task_rq_lock(p);
normalize_task(rq, p);
__task_rq_unlock(rq);
spin_unlock(&p->pi_lock);
} while_each_thread(g, p);
read_unlock_irqrestore(&tasklist_lock, flags);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ */
#ifdef CONFIG_IA64
/*
* These functions are only useful for the IA64 MCA handling.
*
* They can only be called when the whole system has been
* stopped - every CPU needs to be quiescent, and no scheduling
* activity can take place. Using them for anything else would
* be a serious bug, and as a result, they aren't even visible
* under any other configuration.
*/
/**
* curr_task - return the current task for a given cpu.
* @cpu: the processor in question.
*
* ONLY VALID WHEN THE WHOLE SYSTEM IS STOPPED!
*/
struct task_struct *curr_task(int cpu)
{
return cpu_curr(cpu);
}
/**
* set_curr_task - set the current task for a given cpu.
* @cpu: the processor in question.
* @p: the task pointer to set.
*
* Description: This function must only be used when non-maskable interrupts
* are serviced on a separate stack. It allows the architecture to switch the
* notion of the current task on a cpu in a non-blocking manner. This function
* must be called with all CPU's synchronized, and interrupts disabled, the
* and caller must save the original value of the current task (see
* curr_task() above) and restore that value before reenabling interrupts and
* re-starting the system.
*
* ONLY VALID WHEN THE WHOLE SYSTEM IS STOPPED!
*/
void set_curr_task(int cpu, struct task_struct *p)
{
cpu_curr(cpu) = p;
}
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
static void free_fair_sched_group(struct task_group *tg)
{
int i;
for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
if (tg->cfs_rq)
kfree(tg->cfs_rq[i]);
if (tg->se)
kfree(tg->se[i]);
}
kfree(tg->cfs_rq);
kfree(tg->se);
}
static
int alloc_fair_sched_group(struct task_group *tg, struct task_group *parent)
{
struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq;
struct sched_entity *se, *parent_se;
struct rq *rq;
int i;
tg->cfs_rq = kzalloc(sizeof(cfs_rq) * nr_cpu_ids, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!tg->cfs_rq)
goto err;
tg->se = kzalloc(sizeof(se) * nr_cpu_ids, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!tg->se)
goto err;
tg->shares = NICE_0_LOAD;
for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
rq = cpu_rq(i);
cfs_rq = kmalloc_node(sizeof(struct cfs_rq),
GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO, cpu_to_node(i));
if (!cfs_rq)
goto err;
se = kmalloc_node(sizeof(struct sched_entity),
GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO, cpu_to_node(i));
if (!se)
goto err;
parent_se = parent ? parent->se[i] : NULL;
init_tg_cfs_entry(tg, cfs_rq, se, i, 0, parent_se);
}
return 1;
err:
return 0;
}
static inline void register_fair_sched_group(struct task_group *tg, int cpu)
{
list_add_rcu(&tg->cfs_rq[cpu]->leaf_cfs_rq_list,
&cpu_rq(cpu)->leaf_cfs_rq_list);
}
static inline void unregister_fair_sched_group(struct task_group *tg, int cpu)
{
list_del_rcu(&tg->cfs_rq[cpu]->leaf_cfs_rq_list);
}
#else /* !CONFG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED */
static inline void free_fair_sched_group(struct task_group *tg)
{
}
static inline
int alloc_fair_sched_group(struct task_group *tg, struct task_group *parent)
{
return 1;
}
static inline void register_fair_sched_group(struct task_group *tg, int cpu)
{
}
static inline void unregister_fair_sched_group(struct task_group *tg, int cpu)
{
}
#endif /* CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED */
#ifdef CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED
static void free_rt_sched_group(struct task_group *tg)
{
int i;
destroy_rt_bandwidth(&tg->rt_bandwidth);
for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
if (tg->rt_rq)
kfree(tg->rt_rq[i]);
if (tg->rt_se)
kfree(tg->rt_se[i]);
}
kfree(tg->rt_rq);
kfree(tg->rt_se);
}
static
int alloc_rt_sched_group(struct task_group *tg, struct task_group *parent)
{
struct rt_rq *rt_rq;
struct sched_rt_entity *rt_se, *parent_se;
struct rq *rq;
int i;
tg->rt_rq = kzalloc(sizeof(rt_rq) * nr_cpu_ids, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!tg->rt_rq)
goto err;
tg->rt_se = kzalloc(sizeof(rt_se) * nr_cpu_ids, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!tg->rt_se)
goto err;
init_rt_bandwidth(&tg->rt_bandwidth,
ktime_to_ns(def_rt_bandwidth.rt_period), 0);
for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
rq = cpu_rq(i);
rt_rq = kmalloc_node(sizeof(struct rt_rq),
GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO, cpu_to_node(i));
if (!rt_rq)
goto err;
rt_se = kmalloc_node(sizeof(struct sched_rt_entity),
GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO, cpu_to_node(i));
if (!rt_se)
goto err;
parent_se = parent ? parent->rt_se[i] : NULL;
init_tg_rt_entry(tg, rt_rq, rt_se, i, 0, parent_se);
}
return 1;
err:
return 0;
}
static inline void register_rt_sched_group(struct task_group *tg, int cpu)
{
list_add_rcu(&tg->rt_rq[cpu]->leaf_rt_rq_list,
&cpu_rq(cpu)->leaf_rt_rq_list);
}
static inline void unregister_rt_sched_group(struct task_group *tg, int cpu)
{
list_del_rcu(&tg->rt_rq[cpu]->leaf_rt_rq_list);
}
#else /* !CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED */
static inline void free_rt_sched_group(struct task_group *tg)
{
}
static inline
int alloc_rt_sched_group(struct task_group *tg, struct task_group *parent)
{
return 1;
}
static inline void register_rt_sched_group(struct task_group *tg, int cpu)
{
}
static inline void unregister_rt_sched_group(struct task_group *tg, int cpu)
{
}
#endif /* CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED */
#ifdef CONFIG_GROUP_SCHED
static void free_sched_group(struct task_group *tg)
{
free_fair_sched_group(tg);
free_rt_sched_group(tg);
kfree(tg);
}
/* allocate runqueue etc for a new task group */
struct task_group *sched_create_group(struct task_group *parent)
{
struct task_group *tg;
unsigned long flags;
int i;
tg = kzalloc(sizeof(*tg), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!tg)
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
if (!alloc_fair_sched_group(tg, parent))
goto err;
if (!alloc_rt_sched_group(tg, parent))
goto err;
sched: fair-group: separate tg->shares from task_group_lock On Mon, 2008-02-11 at 15:09 +0300, Denis V. Lunev wrote: > BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context > at /home/den/src/linux-netns26/kernel/mutex.c:209 > in_atomic():1, irqs_disabled():0 > no locks held by swapper/0. > Pid: 0, comm: swapper Not tainted 2.6.24 #304 > > Call Trace: > <IRQ> [<ffffffff80252d1e>] ? __debug_show_held_locks+0x15/0x27 > [<ffffffff8022c2a8>] __might_sleep+0xc0/0xdf > [<ffffffff8049f1df>] mutex_lock_nested+0x28/0x2a9 > [<ffffffff80231294>] sched_destroy_group+0x18/0xea > [<ffffffff8023e835>] sched_destroy_user+0xd/0xf > [<ffffffff8023e8c1>] free_uid+0x8a/0xab > [<ffffffff80233e24>] __put_task_struct+0x3f/0xd3 > [<ffffffff80236708>] delayed_put_task_struct+0x23/0x25 > [<ffffffff8026fda7>] __rcu_process_callbacks+0x8d/0x215 > [<ffffffff8026ff52>] rcu_process_callbacks+0x23/0x44 > [<ffffffff8023a2ae>] __do_softirq+0x79/0xf8 > [<ffffffff8020f8c3>] ? profile_pc+0x2a/0x67 > [<ffffffff8020d38c>] call_softirq+0x1c/0x30 > [<ffffffff8020f689>] do_softirq+0x61/0x9c > [<ffffffff8023a233>] irq_exit+0x51/0x53 > [<ffffffff8021bd1a>] smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x77/0xad > [<ffffffff8020ce3b>] apic_timer_interrupt+0x6b/0x70 > <EOI> [<ffffffff8020b0dd>] ? default_idle+0x43/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b0db>] ? default_idle+0x41/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b09a>] ? default_idle+0x0/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b186>] ? cpu_idle+0x76/0x98 separate the tg->shares protection from the task_group lock. Reported-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Tested-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-02-13 22:45:39 +08:00
spin_lock_irqsave(&task_group_lock, flags);
for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
register_fair_sched_group(tg, i);
register_rt_sched_group(tg, i);
}
list_add_rcu(&tg->list, &task_groups);
WARN_ON(!parent); /* root should already exist */
tg->parent = parent;
list_add_rcu(&tg->siblings, &parent->children);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&tg->children);
sched: fair-group: separate tg->shares from task_group_lock On Mon, 2008-02-11 at 15:09 +0300, Denis V. Lunev wrote: > BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context > at /home/den/src/linux-netns26/kernel/mutex.c:209 > in_atomic():1, irqs_disabled():0 > no locks held by swapper/0. > Pid: 0, comm: swapper Not tainted 2.6.24 #304 > > Call Trace: > <IRQ> [<ffffffff80252d1e>] ? __debug_show_held_locks+0x15/0x27 > [<ffffffff8022c2a8>] __might_sleep+0xc0/0xdf > [<ffffffff8049f1df>] mutex_lock_nested+0x28/0x2a9 > [<ffffffff80231294>] sched_destroy_group+0x18/0xea > [<ffffffff8023e835>] sched_destroy_user+0xd/0xf > [<ffffffff8023e8c1>] free_uid+0x8a/0xab > [<ffffffff80233e24>] __put_task_struct+0x3f/0xd3 > [<ffffffff80236708>] delayed_put_task_struct+0x23/0x25 > [<ffffffff8026fda7>] __rcu_process_callbacks+0x8d/0x215 > [<ffffffff8026ff52>] rcu_process_callbacks+0x23/0x44 > [<ffffffff8023a2ae>] __do_softirq+0x79/0xf8 > [<ffffffff8020f8c3>] ? profile_pc+0x2a/0x67 > [<ffffffff8020d38c>] call_softirq+0x1c/0x30 > [<ffffffff8020f689>] do_softirq+0x61/0x9c > [<ffffffff8023a233>] irq_exit+0x51/0x53 > [<ffffffff8021bd1a>] smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x77/0xad > [<ffffffff8020ce3b>] apic_timer_interrupt+0x6b/0x70 > <EOI> [<ffffffff8020b0dd>] ? default_idle+0x43/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b0db>] ? default_idle+0x41/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b09a>] ? default_idle+0x0/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b186>] ? cpu_idle+0x76/0x98 separate the tg->shares protection from the task_group lock. Reported-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Tested-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-02-13 22:45:39 +08:00
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&task_group_lock, flags);
return tg;
err:
free_sched_group(tg);
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
}
/* rcu callback to free various structures associated with a task group */
static void free_sched_group_rcu(struct rcu_head *rhp)
{
/* now it should be safe to free those cfs_rqs */
free_sched_group(container_of(rhp, struct task_group, rcu));
}
/* Destroy runqueue etc associated with a task group */
void sched_destroy_group(struct task_group *tg)
{
sched: fair-group: separate tg->shares from task_group_lock On Mon, 2008-02-11 at 15:09 +0300, Denis V. Lunev wrote: > BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context > at /home/den/src/linux-netns26/kernel/mutex.c:209 > in_atomic():1, irqs_disabled():0 > no locks held by swapper/0. > Pid: 0, comm: swapper Not tainted 2.6.24 #304 > > Call Trace: > <IRQ> [<ffffffff80252d1e>] ? __debug_show_held_locks+0x15/0x27 > [<ffffffff8022c2a8>] __might_sleep+0xc0/0xdf > [<ffffffff8049f1df>] mutex_lock_nested+0x28/0x2a9 > [<ffffffff80231294>] sched_destroy_group+0x18/0xea > [<ffffffff8023e835>] sched_destroy_user+0xd/0xf > [<ffffffff8023e8c1>] free_uid+0x8a/0xab > [<ffffffff80233e24>] __put_task_struct+0x3f/0xd3 > [<ffffffff80236708>] delayed_put_task_struct+0x23/0x25 > [<ffffffff8026fda7>] __rcu_process_callbacks+0x8d/0x215 > [<ffffffff8026ff52>] rcu_process_callbacks+0x23/0x44 > [<ffffffff8023a2ae>] __do_softirq+0x79/0xf8 > [<ffffffff8020f8c3>] ? profile_pc+0x2a/0x67 > [<ffffffff8020d38c>] call_softirq+0x1c/0x30 > [<ffffffff8020f689>] do_softirq+0x61/0x9c > [<ffffffff8023a233>] irq_exit+0x51/0x53 > [<ffffffff8021bd1a>] smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x77/0xad > [<ffffffff8020ce3b>] apic_timer_interrupt+0x6b/0x70 > <EOI> [<ffffffff8020b0dd>] ? default_idle+0x43/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b0db>] ? default_idle+0x41/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b09a>] ? default_idle+0x0/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b186>] ? cpu_idle+0x76/0x98 separate the tg->shares protection from the task_group lock. Reported-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Tested-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-02-13 22:45:39 +08:00
unsigned long flags;
int i;
sched: fair-group: separate tg->shares from task_group_lock On Mon, 2008-02-11 at 15:09 +0300, Denis V. Lunev wrote: > BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context > at /home/den/src/linux-netns26/kernel/mutex.c:209 > in_atomic():1, irqs_disabled():0 > no locks held by swapper/0. > Pid: 0, comm: swapper Not tainted 2.6.24 #304 > > Call Trace: > <IRQ> [<ffffffff80252d1e>] ? __debug_show_held_locks+0x15/0x27 > [<ffffffff8022c2a8>] __might_sleep+0xc0/0xdf > [<ffffffff8049f1df>] mutex_lock_nested+0x28/0x2a9 > [<ffffffff80231294>] sched_destroy_group+0x18/0xea > [<ffffffff8023e835>] sched_destroy_user+0xd/0xf > [<ffffffff8023e8c1>] free_uid+0x8a/0xab > [<ffffffff80233e24>] __put_task_struct+0x3f/0xd3 > [<ffffffff80236708>] delayed_put_task_struct+0x23/0x25 > [<ffffffff8026fda7>] __rcu_process_callbacks+0x8d/0x215 > [<ffffffff8026ff52>] rcu_process_callbacks+0x23/0x44 > [<ffffffff8023a2ae>] __do_softirq+0x79/0xf8 > [<ffffffff8020f8c3>] ? profile_pc+0x2a/0x67 > [<ffffffff8020d38c>] call_softirq+0x1c/0x30 > [<ffffffff8020f689>] do_softirq+0x61/0x9c > [<ffffffff8023a233>] irq_exit+0x51/0x53 > [<ffffffff8021bd1a>] smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x77/0xad > [<ffffffff8020ce3b>] apic_timer_interrupt+0x6b/0x70 > <EOI> [<ffffffff8020b0dd>] ? default_idle+0x43/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b0db>] ? default_idle+0x41/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b09a>] ? default_idle+0x0/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b186>] ? cpu_idle+0x76/0x98 separate the tg->shares protection from the task_group lock. Reported-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Tested-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-02-13 22:45:39 +08:00
spin_lock_irqsave(&task_group_lock, flags);
for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
unregister_fair_sched_group(tg, i);
unregister_rt_sched_group(tg, i);
}
list_del_rcu(&tg->list);
list_del_rcu(&tg->siblings);
sched: fair-group: separate tg->shares from task_group_lock On Mon, 2008-02-11 at 15:09 +0300, Denis V. Lunev wrote: > BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context > at /home/den/src/linux-netns26/kernel/mutex.c:209 > in_atomic():1, irqs_disabled():0 > no locks held by swapper/0. > Pid: 0, comm: swapper Not tainted 2.6.24 #304 > > Call Trace: > <IRQ> [<ffffffff80252d1e>] ? __debug_show_held_locks+0x15/0x27 > [<ffffffff8022c2a8>] __might_sleep+0xc0/0xdf > [<ffffffff8049f1df>] mutex_lock_nested+0x28/0x2a9 > [<ffffffff80231294>] sched_destroy_group+0x18/0xea > [<ffffffff8023e835>] sched_destroy_user+0xd/0xf > [<ffffffff8023e8c1>] free_uid+0x8a/0xab > [<ffffffff80233e24>] __put_task_struct+0x3f/0xd3 > [<ffffffff80236708>] delayed_put_task_struct+0x23/0x25 > [<ffffffff8026fda7>] __rcu_process_callbacks+0x8d/0x215 > [<ffffffff8026ff52>] rcu_process_callbacks+0x23/0x44 > [<ffffffff8023a2ae>] __do_softirq+0x79/0xf8 > [<ffffffff8020f8c3>] ? profile_pc+0x2a/0x67 > [<ffffffff8020d38c>] call_softirq+0x1c/0x30 > [<ffffffff8020f689>] do_softirq+0x61/0x9c > [<ffffffff8023a233>] irq_exit+0x51/0x53 > [<ffffffff8021bd1a>] smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x77/0xad > [<ffffffff8020ce3b>] apic_timer_interrupt+0x6b/0x70 > <EOI> [<ffffffff8020b0dd>] ? default_idle+0x43/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b0db>] ? default_idle+0x41/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b09a>] ? default_idle+0x0/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b186>] ? cpu_idle+0x76/0x98 separate the tg->shares protection from the task_group lock. Reported-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Tested-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-02-13 22:45:39 +08:00
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&task_group_lock, flags);
/* wait for possible concurrent references to cfs_rqs complete */
call_rcu(&tg->rcu, free_sched_group_rcu);
}
/* change task's runqueue when it moves between groups.
* The caller of this function should have put the task in its new group
* by now. This function just updates tsk->se.cfs_rq and tsk->se.parent to
* reflect its new group.
*/
void sched_move_task(struct task_struct *tsk)
{
int on_rq, running;
unsigned long flags;
struct rq *rq;
rq = task_rq_lock(tsk, &flags);
update_rq_clock(rq);
running = task_current(rq, tsk);
on_rq = tsk->se.on_rq;
sched: fix race in schedule() Fix a hard to trigger crash seen in the -rt kernel that also affects the vanilla scheduler. There is a race condition between schedule() and some dequeue/enqueue functions; rt_mutex_setprio(), __setscheduler() and sched_move_task(). When scheduling to idle, idle_balance() is called to pull tasks from other busy processor. It might drop the rq lock. It means that those 3 functions encounter on_rq=0 and running=1. The current task should be put when running. Here is a possible scenario: CPU0 CPU1 | schedule() | ->deactivate_task() | ->idle_balance() | -->load_balance_newidle() rt_mutex_setprio() | | --->double_lock_balance() *get lock *rel lock * on_rq=0, ruuning=1 | * sched_class is changed | *rel lock *get lock : | : ->put_prev_task_rt() ->pick_next_task_fair() => panic The current process of CPU1(P1) is scheduling. Deactivated P1, and the scheduler looks for another process on other CPU's runqueue because CPU1 will be idle. idle_balance(), load_balance_newidle() and double_lock_balance() are called and double_lock_balance() could drop the rq lock. On the other hand, CPU0 is trying to boost the priority of P1. The result of boosting only P1's prio and sched_class are changed to RT. The sched entities of P1 and P1's group are never put. It makes cfs_rq invalid, because the cfs_rq has curr and no leaf, but pick_next_task_fair() is called, then the kernel panics. Signed-off-by: Hiroshi Shimamoto <h-shimamoto@ct.jp.nec.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-03-11 02:01:20 +08:00
if (on_rq)
dequeue_task(rq, tsk, 0);
sched: fix race in schedule() Fix a hard to trigger crash seen in the -rt kernel that also affects the vanilla scheduler. There is a race condition between schedule() and some dequeue/enqueue functions; rt_mutex_setprio(), __setscheduler() and sched_move_task(). When scheduling to idle, idle_balance() is called to pull tasks from other busy processor. It might drop the rq lock. It means that those 3 functions encounter on_rq=0 and running=1. The current task should be put when running. Here is a possible scenario: CPU0 CPU1 | schedule() | ->deactivate_task() | ->idle_balance() | -->load_balance_newidle() rt_mutex_setprio() | | --->double_lock_balance() *get lock *rel lock * on_rq=0, ruuning=1 | * sched_class is changed | *rel lock *get lock : | : ->put_prev_task_rt() ->pick_next_task_fair() => panic The current process of CPU1(P1) is scheduling. Deactivated P1, and the scheduler looks for another process on other CPU's runqueue because CPU1 will be idle. idle_balance(), load_balance_newidle() and double_lock_balance() are called and double_lock_balance() could drop the rq lock. On the other hand, CPU0 is trying to boost the priority of P1. The result of boosting only P1's prio and sched_class are changed to RT. The sched entities of P1 and P1's group are never put. It makes cfs_rq invalid, because the cfs_rq has curr and no leaf, but pick_next_task_fair() is called, then the kernel panics. Signed-off-by: Hiroshi Shimamoto <h-shimamoto@ct.jp.nec.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-03-11 02:01:20 +08:00
if (unlikely(running))
tsk->sched_class->put_prev_task(rq, tsk);
set_task_rq(tsk, task_cpu(tsk));
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
if (tsk->sched_class->moved_group)
tsk->sched_class->moved_group(tsk);
#endif
sched: fix race in schedule() Fix a hard to trigger crash seen in the -rt kernel that also affects the vanilla scheduler. There is a race condition between schedule() and some dequeue/enqueue functions; rt_mutex_setprio(), __setscheduler() and sched_move_task(). When scheduling to idle, idle_balance() is called to pull tasks from other busy processor. It might drop the rq lock. It means that those 3 functions encounter on_rq=0 and running=1. The current task should be put when running. Here is a possible scenario: CPU0 CPU1 | schedule() | ->deactivate_task() | ->idle_balance() | -->load_balance_newidle() rt_mutex_setprio() | | --->double_lock_balance() *get lock *rel lock * on_rq=0, ruuning=1 | * sched_class is changed | *rel lock *get lock : | : ->put_prev_task_rt() ->pick_next_task_fair() => panic The current process of CPU1(P1) is scheduling. Deactivated P1, and the scheduler looks for another process on other CPU's runqueue because CPU1 will be idle. idle_balance(), load_balance_newidle() and double_lock_balance() are called and double_lock_balance() could drop the rq lock. On the other hand, CPU0 is trying to boost the priority of P1. The result of boosting only P1's prio and sched_class are changed to RT. The sched entities of P1 and P1's group are never put. It makes cfs_rq invalid, because the cfs_rq has curr and no leaf, but pick_next_task_fair() is called, then the kernel panics. Signed-off-by: Hiroshi Shimamoto <h-shimamoto@ct.jp.nec.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-03-11 02:01:20 +08:00
if (unlikely(running))
tsk->sched_class->set_curr_task(rq);
if (on_rq)
enqueue_task(rq, tsk, 0);
task_rq_unlock(rq, &flags);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_GROUP_SCHED */
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
static void __set_se_shares(struct sched_entity *se, unsigned long shares)
{
struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq = se->cfs_rq;
int on_rq;
on_rq = se->on_rq;
if (on_rq)
dequeue_entity(cfs_rq, se, 0);
se->load.weight = shares;
se->load.inv_weight = 0;
if (on_rq)
enqueue_entity(cfs_rq, se, 0);
}
static void set_se_shares(struct sched_entity *se, unsigned long shares)
{
struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq = se->cfs_rq;
struct rq *rq = cfs_rq->rq;
unsigned long flags;
spin_lock_irqsave(&rq->lock, flags);
__set_se_shares(se, shares);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rq->lock, flags);
}
sched: fair-group: separate tg->shares from task_group_lock On Mon, 2008-02-11 at 15:09 +0300, Denis V. Lunev wrote: > BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context > at /home/den/src/linux-netns26/kernel/mutex.c:209 > in_atomic():1, irqs_disabled():0 > no locks held by swapper/0. > Pid: 0, comm: swapper Not tainted 2.6.24 #304 > > Call Trace: > <IRQ> [<ffffffff80252d1e>] ? __debug_show_held_locks+0x15/0x27 > [<ffffffff8022c2a8>] __might_sleep+0xc0/0xdf > [<ffffffff8049f1df>] mutex_lock_nested+0x28/0x2a9 > [<ffffffff80231294>] sched_destroy_group+0x18/0xea > [<ffffffff8023e835>] sched_destroy_user+0xd/0xf > [<ffffffff8023e8c1>] free_uid+0x8a/0xab > [<ffffffff80233e24>] __put_task_struct+0x3f/0xd3 > [<ffffffff80236708>] delayed_put_task_struct+0x23/0x25 > [<ffffffff8026fda7>] __rcu_process_callbacks+0x8d/0x215 > [<ffffffff8026ff52>] rcu_process_callbacks+0x23/0x44 > [<ffffffff8023a2ae>] __do_softirq+0x79/0xf8 > [<ffffffff8020f8c3>] ? profile_pc+0x2a/0x67 > [<ffffffff8020d38c>] call_softirq+0x1c/0x30 > [<ffffffff8020f689>] do_softirq+0x61/0x9c > [<ffffffff8023a233>] irq_exit+0x51/0x53 > [<ffffffff8021bd1a>] smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x77/0xad > [<ffffffff8020ce3b>] apic_timer_interrupt+0x6b/0x70 > <EOI> [<ffffffff8020b0dd>] ? default_idle+0x43/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b0db>] ? default_idle+0x41/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b09a>] ? default_idle+0x0/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b186>] ? cpu_idle+0x76/0x98 separate the tg->shares protection from the task_group lock. Reported-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Tested-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-02-13 22:45:39 +08:00
static DEFINE_MUTEX(shares_mutex);
int sched_group_set_shares(struct task_group *tg, unsigned long shares)
{
int i;
sched: fair-group: separate tg->shares from task_group_lock On Mon, 2008-02-11 at 15:09 +0300, Denis V. Lunev wrote: > BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context > at /home/den/src/linux-netns26/kernel/mutex.c:209 > in_atomic():1, irqs_disabled():0 > no locks held by swapper/0. > Pid: 0, comm: swapper Not tainted 2.6.24 #304 > > Call Trace: > <IRQ> [<ffffffff80252d1e>] ? __debug_show_held_locks+0x15/0x27 > [<ffffffff8022c2a8>] __might_sleep+0xc0/0xdf > [<ffffffff8049f1df>] mutex_lock_nested+0x28/0x2a9 > [<ffffffff80231294>] sched_destroy_group+0x18/0xea > [<ffffffff8023e835>] sched_destroy_user+0xd/0xf > [<ffffffff8023e8c1>] free_uid+0x8a/0xab > [<ffffffff80233e24>] __put_task_struct+0x3f/0xd3 > [<ffffffff80236708>] delayed_put_task_struct+0x23/0x25 > [<ffffffff8026fda7>] __rcu_process_callbacks+0x8d/0x215 > [<ffffffff8026ff52>] rcu_process_callbacks+0x23/0x44 > [<ffffffff8023a2ae>] __do_softirq+0x79/0xf8 > [<ffffffff8020f8c3>] ? profile_pc+0x2a/0x67 > [<ffffffff8020d38c>] call_softirq+0x1c/0x30 > [<ffffffff8020f689>] do_softirq+0x61/0x9c > [<ffffffff8023a233>] irq_exit+0x51/0x53 > [<ffffffff8021bd1a>] smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x77/0xad > [<ffffffff8020ce3b>] apic_timer_interrupt+0x6b/0x70 > <EOI> [<ffffffff8020b0dd>] ? default_idle+0x43/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b0db>] ? default_idle+0x41/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b09a>] ? default_idle+0x0/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b186>] ? cpu_idle+0x76/0x98 separate the tg->shares protection from the task_group lock. Reported-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Tested-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-02-13 22:45:39 +08:00
unsigned long flags;
/*
* We can't change the weight of the root cgroup.
*/
if (!tg->se[0])
return -EINVAL;
if (shares < MIN_SHARES)
shares = MIN_SHARES;
else if (shares > MAX_SHARES)
shares = MAX_SHARES;
sched: fair-group: separate tg->shares from task_group_lock On Mon, 2008-02-11 at 15:09 +0300, Denis V. Lunev wrote: > BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context > at /home/den/src/linux-netns26/kernel/mutex.c:209 > in_atomic():1, irqs_disabled():0 > no locks held by swapper/0. > Pid: 0, comm: swapper Not tainted 2.6.24 #304 > > Call Trace: > <IRQ> [<ffffffff80252d1e>] ? __debug_show_held_locks+0x15/0x27 > [<ffffffff8022c2a8>] __might_sleep+0xc0/0xdf > [<ffffffff8049f1df>] mutex_lock_nested+0x28/0x2a9 > [<ffffffff80231294>] sched_destroy_group+0x18/0xea > [<ffffffff8023e835>] sched_destroy_user+0xd/0xf > [<ffffffff8023e8c1>] free_uid+0x8a/0xab > [<ffffffff80233e24>] __put_task_struct+0x3f/0xd3 > [<ffffffff80236708>] delayed_put_task_struct+0x23/0x25 > [<ffffffff8026fda7>] __rcu_process_callbacks+0x8d/0x215 > [<ffffffff8026ff52>] rcu_process_callbacks+0x23/0x44 > [<ffffffff8023a2ae>] __do_softirq+0x79/0xf8 > [<ffffffff8020f8c3>] ? profile_pc+0x2a/0x67 > [<ffffffff8020d38c>] call_softirq+0x1c/0x30 > [<ffffffff8020f689>] do_softirq+0x61/0x9c > [<ffffffff8023a233>] irq_exit+0x51/0x53 > [<ffffffff8021bd1a>] smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x77/0xad > [<ffffffff8020ce3b>] apic_timer_interrupt+0x6b/0x70 > <EOI> [<ffffffff8020b0dd>] ? default_idle+0x43/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b0db>] ? default_idle+0x41/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b09a>] ? default_idle+0x0/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b186>] ? cpu_idle+0x76/0x98 separate the tg->shares protection from the task_group lock. Reported-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Tested-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-02-13 22:45:39 +08:00
mutex_lock(&shares_mutex);
if (tg->shares == shares)
goto done;
sched: fair-group: separate tg->shares from task_group_lock On Mon, 2008-02-11 at 15:09 +0300, Denis V. Lunev wrote: > BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context > at /home/den/src/linux-netns26/kernel/mutex.c:209 > in_atomic():1, irqs_disabled():0 > no locks held by swapper/0. > Pid: 0, comm: swapper Not tainted 2.6.24 #304 > > Call Trace: > <IRQ> [<ffffffff80252d1e>] ? __debug_show_held_locks+0x15/0x27 > [<ffffffff8022c2a8>] __might_sleep+0xc0/0xdf > [<ffffffff8049f1df>] mutex_lock_nested+0x28/0x2a9 > [<ffffffff80231294>] sched_destroy_group+0x18/0xea > [<ffffffff8023e835>] sched_destroy_user+0xd/0xf > [<ffffffff8023e8c1>] free_uid+0x8a/0xab > [<ffffffff80233e24>] __put_task_struct+0x3f/0xd3 > [<ffffffff80236708>] delayed_put_task_struct+0x23/0x25 > [<ffffffff8026fda7>] __rcu_process_callbacks+0x8d/0x215 > [<ffffffff8026ff52>] rcu_process_callbacks+0x23/0x44 > [<ffffffff8023a2ae>] __do_softirq+0x79/0xf8 > [<ffffffff8020f8c3>] ? profile_pc+0x2a/0x67 > [<ffffffff8020d38c>] call_softirq+0x1c/0x30 > [<ffffffff8020f689>] do_softirq+0x61/0x9c > [<ffffffff8023a233>] irq_exit+0x51/0x53 > [<ffffffff8021bd1a>] smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x77/0xad > [<ffffffff8020ce3b>] apic_timer_interrupt+0x6b/0x70 > <EOI> [<ffffffff8020b0dd>] ? default_idle+0x43/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b0db>] ? default_idle+0x41/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b09a>] ? default_idle+0x0/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b186>] ? cpu_idle+0x76/0x98 separate the tg->shares protection from the task_group lock. Reported-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Tested-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-02-13 22:45:39 +08:00
spin_lock_irqsave(&task_group_lock, flags);
for_each_possible_cpu(i)
unregister_fair_sched_group(tg, i);
list_del_rcu(&tg->siblings);
sched: fair-group: separate tg->shares from task_group_lock On Mon, 2008-02-11 at 15:09 +0300, Denis V. Lunev wrote: > BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context > at /home/den/src/linux-netns26/kernel/mutex.c:209 > in_atomic():1, irqs_disabled():0 > no locks held by swapper/0. > Pid: 0, comm: swapper Not tainted 2.6.24 #304 > > Call Trace: > <IRQ> [<ffffffff80252d1e>] ? __debug_show_held_locks+0x15/0x27 > [<ffffffff8022c2a8>] __might_sleep+0xc0/0xdf > [<ffffffff8049f1df>] mutex_lock_nested+0x28/0x2a9 > [<ffffffff80231294>] sched_destroy_group+0x18/0xea > [<ffffffff8023e835>] sched_destroy_user+0xd/0xf > [<ffffffff8023e8c1>] free_uid+0x8a/0xab > [<ffffffff80233e24>] __put_task_struct+0x3f/0xd3 > [<ffffffff80236708>] delayed_put_task_struct+0x23/0x25 > [<ffffffff8026fda7>] __rcu_process_callbacks+0x8d/0x215 > [<ffffffff8026ff52>] rcu_process_callbacks+0x23/0x44 > [<ffffffff8023a2ae>] __do_softirq+0x79/0xf8 > [<ffffffff8020f8c3>] ? profile_pc+0x2a/0x67 > [<ffffffff8020d38c>] call_softirq+0x1c/0x30 > [<ffffffff8020f689>] do_softirq+0x61/0x9c > [<ffffffff8023a233>] irq_exit+0x51/0x53 > [<ffffffff8021bd1a>] smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x77/0xad > [<ffffffff8020ce3b>] apic_timer_interrupt+0x6b/0x70 > <EOI> [<ffffffff8020b0dd>] ? default_idle+0x43/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b0db>] ? default_idle+0x41/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b09a>] ? default_idle+0x0/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b186>] ? cpu_idle+0x76/0x98 separate the tg->shares protection from the task_group lock. Reported-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Tested-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-02-13 22:45:39 +08:00
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&task_group_lock, flags);
sched: group scheduler, fix fairness of cpu bandwidth allocation for task groups The current load balancing scheme isn't good enough for precise group fairness. For example: on a 8-cpu system, I created 3 groups as under: a = 8 tasks (cpu.shares = 1024) b = 4 tasks (cpu.shares = 1024) c = 3 tasks (cpu.shares = 1024) a, b and c are task groups that have equal weight. We would expect each of the groups to receive 33.33% of cpu bandwidth under a fair scheduler. This is what I get with the latest scheduler git tree: Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Col1 | Col2 | Col3 | Col4 ------|---------|-------|------------------------------------------------------- a | 277.676 | 57.8% | 54.1% 54.1% 54.1% 54.2% 56.7% 62.2% 62.8% 64.5% b | 116.108 | 24.2% | 47.4% 48.1% 48.7% 49.3% c | 86.326 | 18.0% | 47.5% 47.9% 48.5% -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Explanation of o/p: Col1 -> Group name Col2 -> Cumulative execution time (in seconds) received by all tasks of that group in a 60sec window across 8 cpus Col3 -> CPU bandwidth received by the group in the 60sec window, expressed in percentage. Col3 data is derived as: Col3 = 100 * Col2 / (NR_CPUS * 60) Col4 -> CPU bandwidth received by each individual task of the group. Col4 = 100 * cpu_time_recd_by_task / 60 [I can share the test case that produces a similar o/p if reqd] The deviation from desired group fairness is as below: a = +24.47% b = -9.13% c = -15.33% which is quite high. After the patch below is applied, here are the results: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Col1 | Col2 | Col3 | Col4 ------|---------|-------|------------------------------------------------------- a | 163.112 | 34.0% | 33.2% 33.4% 33.5% 33.5% 33.7% 34.4% 34.8% 35.3% b | 156.220 | 32.5% | 63.3% 64.5% 66.1% 66.5% c | 160.653 | 33.5% | 85.8% 90.6% 91.4% -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Deviation from desired group fairness is as below: a = +0.67% b = -0.83% c = +0.17% which is far better IMO. Most of other runs have yielded a deviation within +-2% at the most, which is good. Why do we see bad (group) fairness with current scheuler? ========================================================= Currently cpu's weight is just the summation of individual task weights. This can yield incorrect results. For ex: consider three groups as below on a 2-cpu system: CPU0 CPU1 --------------------------- A (10) B(5) C(5) --------------------------- Group A has 10 tasks, all on CPU0, Group B and C have 5 tasks each all of which are on CPU1. Each task has the same weight (NICE_0_LOAD = 1024). The current scheme would yield a cpu weight of 10240 (10*1024) for each cpu and the load balancer will think both CPUs are perfectly balanced and won't move around any tasks. This, however, would yield this bandwidth: A = 50% B = 25% C = 25% which is not the desired result. What's changing in the patch? ============================= - How cpu weights are calculated when CONFIF_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED is defined (see below) - API Change - Two tunables introduced in sysfs (under SCHED_DEBUG) to control the frequency at which the load balance monitor thread runs. The basic change made in this patch is how cpu weight (rq->load.weight) is calculated. Its now calculated as the summation of group weights on a cpu, rather than summation of task weights. Weight exerted by a group on a cpu is dependent on the shares allocated to it and also the number of tasks the group has on that cpu compared to the total number of (runnable) tasks the group has in the system. Let, W(K,i) = Weight of group K on cpu i T(K,i) = Task load present in group K's cfs_rq on cpu i T(K) = Total task load of group K across various cpus S(K) = Shares allocated to group K NRCPUS = Number of online cpus in the scheduler domain to which group K is assigned. Then, W(K,i) = S(K) * NRCPUS * T(K,i) / T(K) A load balance monitor thread is created at bootup, which periodically runs and adjusts group's weight on each cpu. To avoid its overhead, two min/max tunables are introduced (under SCHED_DEBUG) to control the rate at which it runs. Fixes from: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> - don't start the load_balance_monitor when there is only a single cpu. - rename the kthread because its currently longer than TASK_COMM_LEN Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-01-26 04:08:00 +08:00
/* wait for any ongoing reference to this group to finish */
synchronize_sched();
/*
* Now we are free to modify the group's share on each cpu
* w/o tripping rebalance_share or load_balance_fair.
*/
tg->shares = shares;
for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
/*
* force a rebalance
*/
cfs_rq_set_shares(tg->cfs_rq[i], 0);
set_se_shares(tg->se[i], shares);
}
sched: group scheduler, fix fairness of cpu bandwidth allocation for task groups The current load balancing scheme isn't good enough for precise group fairness. For example: on a 8-cpu system, I created 3 groups as under: a = 8 tasks (cpu.shares = 1024) b = 4 tasks (cpu.shares = 1024) c = 3 tasks (cpu.shares = 1024) a, b and c are task groups that have equal weight. We would expect each of the groups to receive 33.33% of cpu bandwidth under a fair scheduler. This is what I get with the latest scheduler git tree: Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Col1 | Col2 | Col3 | Col4 ------|---------|-------|------------------------------------------------------- a | 277.676 | 57.8% | 54.1% 54.1% 54.1% 54.2% 56.7% 62.2% 62.8% 64.5% b | 116.108 | 24.2% | 47.4% 48.1% 48.7% 49.3% c | 86.326 | 18.0% | 47.5% 47.9% 48.5% -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Explanation of o/p: Col1 -> Group name Col2 -> Cumulative execution time (in seconds) received by all tasks of that group in a 60sec window across 8 cpus Col3 -> CPU bandwidth received by the group in the 60sec window, expressed in percentage. Col3 data is derived as: Col3 = 100 * Col2 / (NR_CPUS * 60) Col4 -> CPU bandwidth received by each individual task of the group. Col4 = 100 * cpu_time_recd_by_task / 60 [I can share the test case that produces a similar o/p if reqd] The deviation from desired group fairness is as below: a = +24.47% b = -9.13% c = -15.33% which is quite high. After the patch below is applied, here are the results: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Col1 | Col2 | Col3 | Col4 ------|---------|-------|------------------------------------------------------- a | 163.112 | 34.0% | 33.2% 33.4% 33.5% 33.5% 33.7% 34.4% 34.8% 35.3% b | 156.220 | 32.5% | 63.3% 64.5% 66.1% 66.5% c | 160.653 | 33.5% | 85.8% 90.6% 91.4% -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Deviation from desired group fairness is as below: a = +0.67% b = -0.83% c = +0.17% which is far better IMO. Most of other runs have yielded a deviation within +-2% at the most, which is good. Why do we see bad (group) fairness with current scheuler? ========================================================= Currently cpu's weight is just the summation of individual task weights. This can yield incorrect results. For ex: consider three groups as below on a 2-cpu system: CPU0 CPU1 --------------------------- A (10) B(5) C(5) --------------------------- Group A has 10 tasks, all on CPU0, Group B and C have 5 tasks each all of which are on CPU1. Each task has the same weight (NICE_0_LOAD = 1024). The current scheme would yield a cpu weight of 10240 (10*1024) for each cpu and the load balancer will think both CPUs are perfectly balanced and won't move around any tasks. This, however, would yield this bandwidth: A = 50% B = 25% C = 25% which is not the desired result. What's changing in the patch? ============================= - How cpu weights are calculated when CONFIF_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED is defined (see below) - API Change - Two tunables introduced in sysfs (under SCHED_DEBUG) to control the frequency at which the load balance monitor thread runs. The basic change made in this patch is how cpu weight (rq->load.weight) is calculated. Its now calculated as the summation of group weights on a cpu, rather than summation of task weights. Weight exerted by a group on a cpu is dependent on the shares allocated to it and also the number of tasks the group has on that cpu compared to the total number of (runnable) tasks the group has in the system. Let, W(K,i) = Weight of group K on cpu i T(K,i) = Task load present in group K's cfs_rq on cpu i T(K) = Total task load of group K across various cpus S(K) = Shares allocated to group K NRCPUS = Number of online cpus in the scheduler domain to which group K is assigned. Then, W(K,i) = S(K) * NRCPUS * T(K,i) / T(K) A load balance monitor thread is created at bootup, which periodically runs and adjusts group's weight on each cpu. To avoid its overhead, two min/max tunables are introduced (under SCHED_DEBUG) to control the rate at which it runs. Fixes from: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> - don't start the load_balance_monitor when there is only a single cpu. - rename the kthread because its currently longer than TASK_COMM_LEN Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-01-26 04:08:00 +08:00
/*
* Enable load balance activity on this group, by inserting it back on
* each cpu's rq->leaf_cfs_rq_list.
*/
sched: fair-group: separate tg->shares from task_group_lock On Mon, 2008-02-11 at 15:09 +0300, Denis V. Lunev wrote: > BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context > at /home/den/src/linux-netns26/kernel/mutex.c:209 > in_atomic():1, irqs_disabled():0 > no locks held by swapper/0. > Pid: 0, comm: swapper Not tainted 2.6.24 #304 > > Call Trace: > <IRQ> [<ffffffff80252d1e>] ? __debug_show_held_locks+0x15/0x27 > [<ffffffff8022c2a8>] __might_sleep+0xc0/0xdf > [<ffffffff8049f1df>] mutex_lock_nested+0x28/0x2a9 > [<ffffffff80231294>] sched_destroy_group+0x18/0xea > [<ffffffff8023e835>] sched_destroy_user+0xd/0xf > [<ffffffff8023e8c1>] free_uid+0x8a/0xab > [<ffffffff80233e24>] __put_task_struct+0x3f/0xd3 > [<ffffffff80236708>] delayed_put_task_struct+0x23/0x25 > [<ffffffff8026fda7>] __rcu_process_callbacks+0x8d/0x215 > [<ffffffff8026ff52>] rcu_process_callbacks+0x23/0x44 > [<ffffffff8023a2ae>] __do_softirq+0x79/0xf8 > [<ffffffff8020f8c3>] ? profile_pc+0x2a/0x67 > [<ffffffff8020d38c>] call_softirq+0x1c/0x30 > [<ffffffff8020f689>] do_softirq+0x61/0x9c > [<ffffffff8023a233>] irq_exit+0x51/0x53 > [<ffffffff8021bd1a>] smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x77/0xad > [<ffffffff8020ce3b>] apic_timer_interrupt+0x6b/0x70 > <EOI> [<ffffffff8020b0dd>] ? default_idle+0x43/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b0db>] ? default_idle+0x41/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b09a>] ? default_idle+0x0/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b186>] ? cpu_idle+0x76/0x98 separate the tg->shares protection from the task_group lock. Reported-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Tested-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-02-13 22:45:39 +08:00
spin_lock_irqsave(&task_group_lock, flags);
for_each_possible_cpu(i)
register_fair_sched_group(tg, i);
list_add_rcu(&tg->siblings, &tg->parent->children);
sched: fair-group: separate tg->shares from task_group_lock On Mon, 2008-02-11 at 15:09 +0300, Denis V. Lunev wrote: > BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context > at /home/den/src/linux-netns26/kernel/mutex.c:209 > in_atomic():1, irqs_disabled():0 > no locks held by swapper/0. > Pid: 0, comm: swapper Not tainted 2.6.24 #304 > > Call Trace: > <IRQ> [<ffffffff80252d1e>] ? __debug_show_held_locks+0x15/0x27 > [<ffffffff8022c2a8>] __might_sleep+0xc0/0xdf > [<ffffffff8049f1df>] mutex_lock_nested+0x28/0x2a9 > [<ffffffff80231294>] sched_destroy_group+0x18/0xea > [<ffffffff8023e835>] sched_destroy_user+0xd/0xf > [<ffffffff8023e8c1>] free_uid+0x8a/0xab > [<ffffffff80233e24>] __put_task_struct+0x3f/0xd3 > [<ffffffff80236708>] delayed_put_task_struct+0x23/0x25 > [<ffffffff8026fda7>] __rcu_process_callbacks+0x8d/0x215 > [<ffffffff8026ff52>] rcu_process_callbacks+0x23/0x44 > [<ffffffff8023a2ae>] __do_softirq+0x79/0xf8 > [<ffffffff8020f8c3>] ? profile_pc+0x2a/0x67 > [<ffffffff8020d38c>] call_softirq+0x1c/0x30 > [<ffffffff8020f689>] do_softirq+0x61/0x9c > [<ffffffff8023a233>] irq_exit+0x51/0x53 > [<ffffffff8021bd1a>] smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x77/0xad > [<ffffffff8020ce3b>] apic_timer_interrupt+0x6b/0x70 > <EOI> [<ffffffff8020b0dd>] ? default_idle+0x43/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b0db>] ? default_idle+0x41/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b09a>] ? default_idle+0x0/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b186>] ? cpu_idle+0x76/0x98 separate the tg->shares protection from the task_group lock. Reported-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Tested-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-02-13 22:45:39 +08:00
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&task_group_lock, flags);
done:
sched: fair-group: separate tg->shares from task_group_lock On Mon, 2008-02-11 at 15:09 +0300, Denis V. Lunev wrote: > BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context > at /home/den/src/linux-netns26/kernel/mutex.c:209 > in_atomic():1, irqs_disabled():0 > no locks held by swapper/0. > Pid: 0, comm: swapper Not tainted 2.6.24 #304 > > Call Trace: > <IRQ> [<ffffffff80252d1e>] ? __debug_show_held_locks+0x15/0x27 > [<ffffffff8022c2a8>] __might_sleep+0xc0/0xdf > [<ffffffff8049f1df>] mutex_lock_nested+0x28/0x2a9 > [<ffffffff80231294>] sched_destroy_group+0x18/0xea > [<ffffffff8023e835>] sched_destroy_user+0xd/0xf > [<ffffffff8023e8c1>] free_uid+0x8a/0xab > [<ffffffff80233e24>] __put_task_struct+0x3f/0xd3 > [<ffffffff80236708>] delayed_put_task_struct+0x23/0x25 > [<ffffffff8026fda7>] __rcu_process_callbacks+0x8d/0x215 > [<ffffffff8026ff52>] rcu_process_callbacks+0x23/0x44 > [<ffffffff8023a2ae>] __do_softirq+0x79/0xf8 > [<ffffffff8020f8c3>] ? profile_pc+0x2a/0x67 > [<ffffffff8020d38c>] call_softirq+0x1c/0x30 > [<ffffffff8020f689>] do_softirq+0x61/0x9c > [<ffffffff8023a233>] irq_exit+0x51/0x53 > [<ffffffff8021bd1a>] smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x77/0xad > [<ffffffff8020ce3b>] apic_timer_interrupt+0x6b/0x70 > <EOI> [<ffffffff8020b0dd>] ? default_idle+0x43/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b0db>] ? default_idle+0x41/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b09a>] ? default_idle+0x0/0x76 > [<ffffffff8020b186>] ? cpu_idle+0x76/0x98 separate the tg->shares protection from the task_group lock. Reported-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Tested-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-02-13 22:45:39 +08:00
mutex_unlock(&shares_mutex);
return 0;
}
unsigned long sched_group_shares(struct task_group *tg)
{
return tg->shares;
}
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED
/*
* Ensure that the real time constraints are schedulable.
*/
static DEFINE_MUTEX(rt_constraints_mutex);
static unsigned long to_ratio(u64 period, u64 runtime)
{
if (runtime == RUNTIME_INF)
return 1ULL << 16;
return div64_u64(runtime << 16, period);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_SCHED
static int __rt_schedulable(struct task_group *tg, u64 period, u64 runtime)
{
struct task_group *tgi, *parent = tg->parent;
unsigned long total = 0;
if (!parent) {
if (global_rt_period() < period)
return 0;
return to_ratio(period, runtime) <
to_ratio(global_rt_period(), global_rt_runtime());
}
if (ktime_to_ns(parent->rt_bandwidth.rt_period) < period)
return 0;
rcu_read_lock();
list_for_each_entry_rcu(tgi, &parent->children, siblings) {
if (tgi == tg)
continue;
total += to_ratio(ktime_to_ns(tgi->rt_bandwidth.rt_period),
tgi->rt_bandwidth.rt_runtime);
}
rcu_read_unlock();
return total + to_ratio(period, runtime) <=
to_ratio(ktime_to_ns(parent->rt_bandwidth.rt_period),
parent->rt_bandwidth.rt_runtime);
}
#elif defined CONFIG_USER_SCHED
static int __rt_schedulable(struct task_group *tg, u64 period, u64 runtime)
{
struct task_group *tgi;
unsigned long total = 0;
unsigned long global_ratio =
to_ratio(global_rt_period(), global_rt_runtime());
rcu_read_lock();
list_for_each_entry_rcu(tgi, &task_groups, list) {
if (tgi == tg)
continue;
total += to_ratio(ktime_to_ns(tgi->rt_bandwidth.rt_period),
tgi->rt_bandwidth.rt_runtime);
}
rcu_read_unlock();
return total + to_ratio(period, runtime) < global_ratio;
}
#endif
/* Must be called with tasklist_lock held */
static inline int tg_has_rt_tasks(struct task_group *tg)
{
struct task_struct *g, *p;
do_each_thread(g, p) {
if (rt_task(p) && rt_rq_of_se(&p->rt)->tg == tg)
return 1;
} while_each_thread(g, p);
return 0;
}
static int tg_set_bandwidth(struct task_group *tg,
u64 rt_period, u64 rt_runtime)
{
int i, err = 0;
mutex_lock(&rt_constraints_mutex);
read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
if (rt_runtime == 0 && tg_has_rt_tasks(tg)) {
err = -EBUSY;
goto unlock;
}
if (!__rt_schedulable(tg, rt_period, rt_runtime)) {
err = -EINVAL;
goto unlock;
}
spin_lock_irq(&tg->rt_bandwidth.rt_runtime_lock);
tg->rt_bandwidth.rt_period = ns_to_ktime(rt_period);
tg->rt_bandwidth.rt_runtime = rt_runtime;
for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
struct rt_rq *rt_rq = tg->rt_rq[i];
spin_lock(&rt_rq->rt_runtime_lock);
rt_rq->rt_runtime = rt_runtime;
spin_unlock(&rt_rq->rt_runtime_lock);
}
spin_unlock_irq(&tg->rt_bandwidth.rt_runtime_lock);
unlock:
read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
mutex_unlock(&rt_constraints_mutex);
return err;
}
int sched_group_set_rt_runtime(struct task_group *tg, long rt_runtime_us)
{
u64 rt_runtime, rt_period;
rt_period = ktime_to_ns(tg->rt_bandwidth.rt_period);
rt_runtime = (u64)rt_runtime_us * NSEC_PER_USEC;
if (rt_runtime_us < 0)
rt_runtime = RUNTIME_INF;
return tg_set_bandwidth(tg, rt_period, rt_runtime);
}
long sched_group_rt_runtime(struct task_group *tg)
{
u64 rt_runtime_us;
if (tg->rt_bandwidth.rt_runtime == RUNTIME_INF)
return -1;
rt_runtime_us = tg->rt_bandwidth.rt_runtime;
do_div(rt_runtime_us, NSEC_PER_USEC);
return rt_runtime_us;
}
int sched_group_set_rt_period(struct task_group *tg, long rt_period_us)
{
u64 rt_runtime, rt_period;
rt_period = (u64)rt_period_us * NSEC_PER_USEC;
rt_runtime = tg->rt_bandwidth.rt_runtime;
sched: fix divide error when trying to configure rt_period to zero Here it is another little Oops we found while configuring invalid values via cgroups: echo 0 > /dev/cgroups/0/cpu.rt_period_us or echo 4294967296 > /dev/cgroups/0/cpu.rt_period_us [ 205.509825] divide error: 0000 [#1] [ 205.510151] Modules linked in: [ 205.510151] [ 205.510151] Pid: 2339, comm: bash Not tainted (2.6.26-rc8 #33) [ 205.510151] EIP: 0060:[<c030c6ef>] EFLAGS: 00000293 CPU: 0 [ 205.510151] EIP is at div64_u64+0x5f/0x70 [ 205.510151] EAX: 0000389f EBX: 00000000 ECX: 00000000 EDX: 00000000 [ 205.510151] ESI: d9800000 EDI: 00000000 EBP: c6cede60 ESP: c6cede50 [ 205.510151] DS: 007b ES: 007b FS: 0000 GS: 0033 SS: 0068 [ 205.510151] Process bash (pid: 2339, ti=c6cec000 task=c79be370 task.ti=c6cec000) [ 205.510151] Stack: d9800000 0000389f c05971a0 d9800000 c6cedeb4 c0214dbd 00000000 00000000 [ 205.510151] c6cede88 c0242bd8 c05377c0 c7a41b40 00000000 00000000 00000000 c05971a0 [ 205.510151] c780ed20 c7508494 c7a41b40 00000000 00000002 c6cedebc c05971a0 ffffffea [ 205.510151] Call Trace: [ 205.510151] [<c0214dbd>] ? __rt_schedulable+0x1cd/0x240 [ 205.510151] [<c0242bd8>] ? cgroup_file_open+0x18/0xe0 [ 205.510151] [<c0214fe4>] ? tg_set_bandwidth+0xa4/0xf0 [ 205.510151] [<c0215066>] ? sched_group_set_rt_period+0x36/0x50 [ 205.510151] [<c021508e>] ? cpu_rt_period_write_uint+0xe/0x10 [ 205.510151] [<c0242dc5>] ? cgroup_file_write+0x125/0x160 [ 205.510151] [<c0232c15>] ? hrtimer_interrupt+0x155/0x190 [ 205.510151] [<c02f047f>] ? security_file_permission+0xf/0x20 [ 205.510151] [<c0277ad8>] ? rw_verify_area+0x48/0xc0 [ 205.510151] [<c0283744>] ? dupfd+0x104/0x130 [ 205.510151] [<c027838c>] ? vfs_write+0x9c/0x160 [ 205.510151] [<c0242ca0>] ? cgroup_file_write+0x0/0x160 [ 205.510151] [<c027850d>] ? sys_write+0x3d/0x70 [ 205.510151] [<c0203019>] ? sysenter_past_esp+0x6a/0x91 [ 205.510151] ======================= [ 205.510151] Code: 0f 45 de 31 f6 0f ad d0 d3 ea f6 c1 20 0f 45 c2 0f 45 d6 89 45 f0 89 55 f4 8b 55 f4 31 c9 8b 45 f0 39 d3 89 c6 77 08 89 d0 31 d2 <f7> f3 89 c1 83 c4 08 89 f0 f7 f3 89 ca 5b 5e 5d c3 55 89 e5 56 [ 205.510151] EIP: [<c030c6ef>] div64_u64+0x5f/0x70 SS:ESP 0068:c6cede50 The attached patch solves the issue for me. I'm checking as soon as possible for the period not being zero since, if it is, going ahead is useless. This way we also save a mutex_lock() and a read_lock() wrt doing it inside tg_set_bandwidth() or __rt_schedulable(). Signed-off-by: Dario Faggioli <raistlin@linux.it> Signed-off-by: Michael Trimarchi <trimarchimichael@yahoo.it> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-06-27 00:54:09 +08:00
if (rt_period == 0)
return -EINVAL;
return tg_set_bandwidth(tg, rt_period, rt_runtime);
}
long sched_group_rt_period(struct task_group *tg)
{
u64 rt_period_us;
rt_period_us = ktime_to_ns(tg->rt_bandwidth.rt_period);
do_div(rt_period_us, NSEC_PER_USEC);
return rt_period_us;
}
static int sched_rt_global_constraints(void)
{
struct task_group *tg = &root_task_group;
u64 rt_runtime, rt_period;
int ret = 0;
rt_period = ktime_to_ns(tg->rt_bandwidth.rt_period);
rt_runtime = tg->rt_bandwidth.rt_runtime;
mutex_lock(&rt_constraints_mutex);
if (!__rt_schedulable(tg, rt_period, rt_runtime))
ret = -EINVAL;
mutex_unlock(&rt_constraints_mutex);
return ret;
}
#else /* !CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED */
static int sched_rt_global_constraints(void)
{
unsigned long flags;
int i;
spin_lock_irqsave(&def_rt_bandwidth.rt_runtime_lock, flags);
for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
struct rt_rq *rt_rq = &cpu_rq(i)->rt;
spin_lock(&rt_rq->rt_runtime_lock);
rt_rq->rt_runtime = global_rt_runtime();
spin_unlock(&rt_rq->rt_runtime_lock);
}
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&def_rt_bandwidth.rt_runtime_lock, flags);
return 0;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED */
int sched_rt_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
struct file *filp, void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp,
loff_t *ppos)
{
int ret;
int old_period, old_runtime;
static DEFINE_MUTEX(mutex);
mutex_lock(&mutex);
old_period = sysctl_sched_rt_period;
old_runtime = sysctl_sched_rt_runtime;
ret = proc_dointvec(table, write, filp, buffer, lenp, ppos);
if (!ret && write) {
ret = sched_rt_global_constraints();
if (ret) {
sysctl_sched_rt_period = old_period;
sysctl_sched_rt_runtime = old_runtime;
} else {
def_rt_bandwidth.rt_runtime = global_rt_runtime();
def_rt_bandwidth.rt_period =
ns_to_ktime(global_rt_period());
}
}
mutex_unlock(&mutex);
return ret;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_SCHED
/* return corresponding task_group object of a cgroup */
static inline struct task_group *cgroup_tg(struct cgroup *cgrp)
{
return container_of(cgroup_subsys_state(cgrp, cpu_cgroup_subsys_id),
struct task_group, css);
}
static struct cgroup_subsys_state *
cpu_cgroup_create(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, struct cgroup *cgrp)
{
struct task_group *tg, *parent;
if (!cgrp->parent) {
/* This is early initialization for the top cgroup */
init_task_group.css.cgroup = cgrp;
return &init_task_group.css;
}
parent = cgroup_tg(cgrp->parent);
tg = sched_create_group(parent);
if (IS_ERR(tg))
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
/* Bind the cgroup to task_group object we just created */
tg->css.cgroup = cgrp;
return &tg->css;
}
static void
cpu_cgroup_destroy(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, struct cgroup *cgrp)
{
struct task_group *tg = cgroup_tg(cgrp);
sched_destroy_group(tg);
}
static int
cpu_cgroup_can_attach(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, struct cgroup *cgrp,
struct task_struct *tsk)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED
/* Don't accept realtime tasks when there is no way for them to run */
if (rt_task(tsk) && cgroup_tg(cgrp)->rt_bandwidth.rt_runtime == 0)
return -EINVAL;
#else
/* We don't support RT-tasks being in separate groups */
if (tsk->sched_class != &fair_sched_class)
return -EINVAL;
#endif
return 0;
}
static void
cpu_cgroup_attach(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, struct cgroup *cgrp,
struct cgroup *old_cont, struct task_struct *tsk)
{
sched_move_task(tsk);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
static int cpu_shares_write_u64(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cftype *cftype,
u64 shareval)
{
return sched_group_set_shares(cgroup_tg(cgrp), shareval);
}
static u64 cpu_shares_read_u64(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cftype *cft)
{
struct task_group *tg = cgroup_tg(cgrp);
return (u64) tg->shares;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED */
#ifdef CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED
static int cpu_rt_runtime_write(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cftype *cft,
s64 val)
{
return sched_group_set_rt_runtime(cgroup_tg(cgrp), val);
}
static s64 cpu_rt_runtime_read(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cftype *cft)
{
return sched_group_rt_runtime(cgroup_tg(cgrp));
}
static int cpu_rt_period_write_uint(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cftype *cftype,
u64 rt_period_us)
{
return sched_group_set_rt_period(cgroup_tg(cgrp), rt_period_us);
}
static u64 cpu_rt_period_read_uint(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cftype *cft)
{
return sched_group_rt_period(cgroup_tg(cgrp));
}
#endif /* CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED */
static struct cftype cpu_files[] = {
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
{
.name = "shares",
.read_u64 = cpu_shares_read_u64,
.write_u64 = cpu_shares_write_u64,
},
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED
{
.name = "rt_runtime_us",
.read_s64 = cpu_rt_runtime_read,
.write_s64 = cpu_rt_runtime_write,
},
{
.name = "rt_period_us",
.read_u64 = cpu_rt_period_read_uint,
.write_u64 = cpu_rt_period_write_uint,
},
#endif
};
static int cpu_cgroup_populate(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, struct cgroup *cont)
{
return cgroup_add_files(cont, ss, cpu_files, ARRAY_SIZE(cpu_files));
}
struct cgroup_subsys cpu_cgroup_subsys = {
.name = "cpu",
.create = cpu_cgroup_create,
.destroy = cpu_cgroup_destroy,
.can_attach = cpu_cgroup_can_attach,
.attach = cpu_cgroup_attach,
.populate = cpu_cgroup_populate,
.subsys_id = cpu_cgroup_subsys_id,
.early_init = 1,
};
#endif /* CONFIG_CGROUP_SCHED */
sched: cpu accounting controller (V2) Commit cfb5285660aad4931b2ebbfa902ea48a37dfffa1 removed a useful feature for us, which provided a cpu accounting resource controller. This feature would be useful if someone wants to group tasks only for accounting purpose and doesnt really want to exercise any control over their cpu consumption. The patch below reintroduces the feature. It is based on Paul Menage's original patch (Commit 62d0df64065e7c135d0002f069444fbdfc64768f), with these differences: - Removed load average information. I felt it needs more thought (esp to deal with SMP and virtualized platforms) and can be added for 2.6.25 after more discussions. - Convert group cpu usage to be nanosecond accurate (as rest of the cfs stats are) and invoke cpuacct_charge() from the respective scheduler classes - Make accounting scalable on SMP systems by splitting the usage counter to be per-cpu - Move the code from kernel/cpu_acct.c to kernel/sched.c (since the code is not big enough to warrant a new file and also this rightly needs to live inside the scheduler. Also things like accessing rq->lock while reading cpu usage becomes easier if the code lived in kernel/sched.c) The patch also modifies the cpu controller not to provide the same accounting information. Tested-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Tested the patches on top of 2.6.24-rc3. The patches work fine. Ran some simple tests like cpuspin (spin on the cpu), ran several tasks in the same group and timed them. Compared their time stamps with cpuacct.usage. Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-12-03 03:04:49 +08:00
#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_CPUACCT
/*
* CPU accounting code for task groups.
*
* Based on the work by Paul Menage (menage@google.com) and Balbir Singh
* (balbir@in.ibm.com).
*/
/* track cpu usage of a group of tasks */
struct cpuacct {
struct cgroup_subsys_state css;
/* cpuusage holds pointer to a u64-type object on every cpu */
u64 *cpuusage;
};
struct cgroup_subsys cpuacct_subsys;
/* return cpu accounting group corresponding to this container */
static inline struct cpuacct *cgroup_ca(struct cgroup *cgrp)
sched: cpu accounting controller (V2) Commit cfb5285660aad4931b2ebbfa902ea48a37dfffa1 removed a useful feature for us, which provided a cpu accounting resource controller. This feature would be useful if someone wants to group tasks only for accounting purpose and doesnt really want to exercise any control over their cpu consumption. The patch below reintroduces the feature. It is based on Paul Menage's original patch (Commit 62d0df64065e7c135d0002f069444fbdfc64768f), with these differences: - Removed load average information. I felt it needs more thought (esp to deal with SMP and virtualized platforms) and can be added for 2.6.25 after more discussions. - Convert group cpu usage to be nanosecond accurate (as rest of the cfs stats are) and invoke cpuacct_charge() from the respective scheduler classes - Make accounting scalable on SMP systems by splitting the usage counter to be per-cpu - Move the code from kernel/cpu_acct.c to kernel/sched.c (since the code is not big enough to warrant a new file and also this rightly needs to live inside the scheduler. Also things like accessing rq->lock while reading cpu usage becomes easier if the code lived in kernel/sched.c) The patch also modifies the cpu controller not to provide the same accounting information. Tested-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Tested the patches on top of 2.6.24-rc3. The patches work fine. Ran some simple tests like cpuspin (spin on the cpu), ran several tasks in the same group and timed them. Compared their time stamps with cpuacct.usage. Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-12-03 03:04:49 +08:00
{
return container_of(cgroup_subsys_state(cgrp, cpuacct_subsys_id),
sched: cpu accounting controller (V2) Commit cfb5285660aad4931b2ebbfa902ea48a37dfffa1 removed a useful feature for us, which provided a cpu accounting resource controller. This feature would be useful if someone wants to group tasks only for accounting purpose and doesnt really want to exercise any control over their cpu consumption. The patch below reintroduces the feature. It is based on Paul Menage's original patch (Commit 62d0df64065e7c135d0002f069444fbdfc64768f), with these differences: - Removed load average information. I felt it needs more thought (esp to deal with SMP and virtualized platforms) and can be added for 2.6.25 after more discussions. - Convert group cpu usage to be nanosecond accurate (as rest of the cfs stats are) and invoke cpuacct_charge() from the respective scheduler classes - Make accounting scalable on SMP systems by splitting the usage counter to be per-cpu - Move the code from kernel/cpu_acct.c to kernel/sched.c (since the code is not big enough to warrant a new file and also this rightly needs to live inside the scheduler. Also things like accessing rq->lock while reading cpu usage becomes easier if the code lived in kernel/sched.c) The patch also modifies the cpu controller not to provide the same accounting information. Tested-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Tested the patches on top of 2.6.24-rc3. The patches work fine. Ran some simple tests like cpuspin (spin on the cpu), ran several tasks in the same group and timed them. Compared their time stamps with cpuacct.usage. Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-12-03 03:04:49 +08:00
struct cpuacct, css);
}
/* return cpu accounting group to which this task belongs */
static inline struct cpuacct *task_ca(struct task_struct *tsk)
{
return container_of(task_subsys_state(tsk, cpuacct_subsys_id),
struct cpuacct, css);
}
/* create a new cpu accounting group */
static struct cgroup_subsys_state *cpuacct_create(
struct cgroup_subsys *ss, struct cgroup *cgrp)
sched: cpu accounting controller (V2) Commit cfb5285660aad4931b2ebbfa902ea48a37dfffa1 removed a useful feature for us, which provided a cpu accounting resource controller. This feature would be useful if someone wants to group tasks only for accounting purpose and doesnt really want to exercise any control over their cpu consumption. The patch below reintroduces the feature. It is based on Paul Menage's original patch (Commit 62d0df64065e7c135d0002f069444fbdfc64768f), with these differences: - Removed load average information. I felt it needs more thought (esp to deal with SMP and virtualized platforms) and can be added for 2.6.25 after more discussions. - Convert group cpu usage to be nanosecond accurate (as rest of the cfs stats are) and invoke cpuacct_charge() from the respective scheduler classes - Make accounting scalable on SMP systems by splitting the usage counter to be per-cpu - Move the code from kernel/cpu_acct.c to kernel/sched.c (since the code is not big enough to warrant a new file and also this rightly needs to live inside the scheduler. Also things like accessing rq->lock while reading cpu usage becomes easier if the code lived in kernel/sched.c) The patch also modifies the cpu controller not to provide the same accounting information. Tested-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Tested the patches on top of 2.6.24-rc3. The patches work fine. Ran some simple tests like cpuspin (spin on the cpu), ran several tasks in the same group and timed them. Compared their time stamps with cpuacct.usage. Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-12-03 03:04:49 +08:00
{
struct cpuacct *ca = kzalloc(sizeof(*ca), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!ca)
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
ca->cpuusage = alloc_percpu(u64);
if (!ca->cpuusage) {
kfree(ca);
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
}
return &ca->css;
}
/* destroy an existing cpu accounting group */
static void
cpuacct_destroy(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, struct cgroup *cgrp)
sched: cpu accounting controller (V2) Commit cfb5285660aad4931b2ebbfa902ea48a37dfffa1 removed a useful feature for us, which provided a cpu accounting resource controller. This feature would be useful if someone wants to group tasks only for accounting purpose and doesnt really want to exercise any control over their cpu consumption. The patch below reintroduces the feature. It is based on Paul Menage's original patch (Commit 62d0df64065e7c135d0002f069444fbdfc64768f), with these differences: - Removed load average information. I felt it needs more thought (esp to deal with SMP and virtualized platforms) and can be added for 2.6.25 after more discussions. - Convert group cpu usage to be nanosecond accurate (as rest of the cfs stats are) and invoke cpuacct_charge() from the respective scheduler classes - Make accounting scalable on SMP systems by splitting the usage counter to be per-cpu - Move the code from kernel/cpu_acct.c to kernel/sched.c (since the code is not big enough to warrant a new file and also this rightly needs to live inside the scheduler. Also things like accessing rq->lock while reading cpu usage becomes easier if the code lived in kernel/sched.c) The patch also modifies the cpu controller not to provide the same accounting information. Tested-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Tested the patches on top of 2.6.24-rc3. The patches work fine. Ran some simple tests like cpuspin (spin on the cpu), ran several tasks in the same group and timed them. Compared their time stamps with cpuacct.usage. Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-12-03 03:04:49 +08:00
{
struct cpuacct *ca = cgroup_ca(cgrp);
sched: cpu accounting controller (V2) Commit cfb5285660aad4931b2ebbfa902ea48a37dfffa1 removed a useful feature for us, which provided a cpu accounting resource controller. This feature would be useful if someone wants to group tasks only for accounting purpose and doesnt really want to exercise any control over their cpu consumption. The patch below reintroduces the feature. It is based on Paul Menage's original patch (Commit 62d0df64065e7c135d0002f069444fbdfc64768f), with these differences: - Removed load average information. I felt it needs more thought (esp to deal with SMP and virtualized platforms) and can be added for 2.6.25 after more discussions. - Convert group cpu usage to be nanosecond accurate (as rest of the cfs stats are) and invoke cpuacct_charge() from the respective scheduler classes - Make accounting scalable on SMP systems by splitting the usage counter to be per-cpu - Move the code from kernel/cpu_acct.c to kernel/sched.c (since the code is not big enough to warrant a new file and also this rightly needs to live inside the scheduler. Also things like accessing rq->lock while reading cpu usage becomes easier if the code lived in kernel/sched.c) The patch also modifies the cpu controller not to provide the same accounting information. Tested-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Tested the patches on top of 2.6.24-rc3. The patches work fine. Ran some simple tests like cpuspin (spin on the cpu), ran several tasks in the same group and timed them. Compared their time stamps with cpuacct.usage. Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-12-03 03:04:49 +08:00
free_percpu(ca->cpuusage);
kfree(ca);
}
/* return total cpu usage (in nanoseconds) of a group */
static u64 cpuusage_read(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cftype *cft)
sched: cpu accounting controller (V2) Commit cfb5285660aad4931b2ebbfa902ea48a37dfffa1 removed a useful feature for us, which provided a cpu accounting resource controller. This feature would be useful if someone wants to group tasks only for accounting purpose and doesnt really want to exercise any control over their cpu consumption. The patch below reintroduces the feature. It is based on Paul Menage's original patch (Commit 62d0df64065e7c135d0002f069444fbdfc64768f), with these differences: - Removed load average information. I felt it needs more thought (esp to deal with SMP and virtualized platforms) and can be added for 2.6.25 after more discussions. - Convert group cpu usage to be nanosecond accurate (as rest of the cfs stats are) and invoke cpuacct_charge() from the respective scheduler classes - Make accounting scalable on SMP systems by splitting the usage counter to be per-cpu - Move the code from kernel/cpu_acct.c to kernel/sched.c (since the code is not big enough to warrant a new file and also this rightly needs to live inside the scheduler. Also things like accessing rq->lock while reading cpu usage becomes easier if the code lived in kernel/sched.c) The patch also modifies the cpu controller not to provide the same accounting information. Tested-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Tested the patches on top of 2.6.24-rc3. The patches work fine. Ran some simple tests like cpuspin (spin on the cpu), ran several tasks in the same group and timed them. Compared their time stamps with cpuacct.usage. Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-12-03 03:04:49 +08:00
{
struct cpuacct *ca = cgroup_ca(cgrp);
sched: cpu accounting controller (V2) Commit cfb5285660aad4931b2ebbfa902ea48a37dfffa1 removed a useful feature for us, which provided a cpu accounting resource controller. This feature would be useful if someone wants to group tasks only for accounting purpose and doesnt really want to exercise any control over their cpu consumption. The patch below reintroduces the feature. It is based on Paul Menage's original patch (Commit 62d0df64065e7c135d0002f069444fbdfc64768f), with these differences: - Removed load average information. I felt it needs more thought (esp to deal with SMP and virtualized platforms) and can be added for 2.6.25 after more discussions. - Convert group cpu usage to be nanosecond accurate (as rest of the cfs stats are) and invoke cpuacct_charge() from the respective scheduler classes - Make accounting scalable on SMP systems by splitting the usage counter to be per-cpu - Move the code from kernel/cpu_acct.c to kernel/sched.c (since the code is not big enough to warrant a new file and also this rightly needs to live inside the scheduler. Also things like accessing rq->lock while reading cpu usage becomes easier if the code lived in kernel/sched.c) The patch also modifies the cpu controller not to provide the same accounting information. Tested-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Tested the patches on top of 2.6.24-rc3. The patches work fine. Ran some simple tests like cpuspin (spin on the cpu), ran several tasks in the same group and timed them. Compared their time stamps with cpuacct.usage. Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-12-03 03:04:49 +08:00
u64 totalcpuusage = 0;
int i;
for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
u64 *cpuusage = percpu_ptr(ca->cpuusage, i);
/*
* Take rq->lock to make 64-bit addition safe on 32-bit
* platforms.
*/
spin_lock_irq(&cpu_rq(i)->lock);
totalcpuusage += *cpuusage;
spin_unlock_irq(&cpu_rq(i)->lock);
}
return totalcpuusage;
}
static int cpuusage_write(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cftype *cftype,
u64 reset)
{
struct cpuacct *ca = cgroup_ca(cgrp);
int err = 0;
int i;
if (reset) {
err = -EINVAL;
goto out;
}
for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
u64 *cpuusage = percpu_ptr(ca->cpuusage, i);
spin_lock_irq(&cpu_rq(i)->lock);
*cpuusage = 0;
spin_unlock_irq(&cpu_rq(i)->lock);
}
out:
return err;
}
sched: cpu accounting controller (V2) Commit cfb5285660aad4931b2ebbfa902ea48a37dfffa1 removed a useful feature for us, which provided a cpu accounting resource controller. This feature would be useful if someone wants to group tasks only for accounting purpose and doesnt really want to exercise any control over their cpu consumption. The patch below reintroduces the feature. It is based on Paul Menage's original patch (Commit 62d0df64065e7c135d0002f069444fbdfc64768f), with these differences: - Removed load average information. I felt it needs more thought (esp to deal with SMP and virtualized platforms) and can be added for 2.6.25 after more discussions. - Convert group cpu usage to be nanosecond accurate (as rest of the cfs stats are) and invoke cpuacct_charge() from the respective scheduler classes - Make accounting scalable on SMP systems by splitting the usage counter to be per-cpu - Move the code from kernel/cpu_acct.c to kernel/sched.c (since the code is not big enough to warrant a new file and also this rightly needs to live inside the scheduler. Also things like accessing rq->lock while reading cpu usage becomes easier if the code lived in kernel/sched.c) The patch also modifies the cpu controller not to provide the same accounting information. Tested-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Tested the patches on top of 2.6.24-rc3. The patches work fine. Ran some simple tests like cpuspin (spin on the cpu), ran several tasks in the same group and timed them. Compared their time stamps with cpuacct.usage. Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-12-03 03:04:49 +08:00
static struct cftype files[] = {
{
.name = "usage",
.read_u64 = cpuusage_read,
.write_u64 = cpuusage_write,
sched: cpu accounting controller (V2) Commit cfb5285660aad4931b2ebbfa902ea48a37dfffa1 removed a useful feature for us, which provided a cpu accounting resource controller. This feature would be useful if someone wants to group tasks only for accounting purpose and doesnt really want to exercise any control over their cpu consumption. The patch below reintroduces the feature. It is based on Paul Menage's original patch (Commit 62d0df64065e7c135d0002f069444fbdfc64768f), with these differences: - Removed load average information. I felt it needs more thought (esp to deal with SMP and virtualized platforms) and can be added for 2.6.25 after more discussions. - Convert group cpu usage to be nanosecond accurate (as rest of the cfs stats are) and invoke cpuacct_charge() from the respective scheduler classes - Make accounting scalable on SMP systems by splitting the usage counter to be per-cpu - Move the code from kernel/cpu_acct.c to kernel/sched.c (since the code is not big enough to warrant a new file and also this rightly needs to live inside the scheduler. Also things like accessing rq->lock while reading cpu usage becomes easier if the code lived in kernel/sched.c) The patch also modifies the cpu controller not to provide the same accounting information. Tested-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Tested the patches on top of 2.6.24-rc3. The patches work fine. Ran some simple tests like cpuspin (spin on the cpu), ran several tasks in the same group and timed them. Compared their time stamps with cpuacct.usage. Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-12-03 03:04:49 +08:00
},
};
static int cpuacct_populate(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, struct cgroup *cgrp)
sched: cpu accounting controller (V2) Commit cfb5285660aad4931b2ebbfa902ea48a37dfffa1 removed a useful feature for us, which provided a cpu accounting resource controller. This feature would be useful if someone wants to group tasks only for accounting purpose and doesnt really want to exercise any control over their cpu consumption. The patch below reintroduces the feature. It is based on Paul Menage's original patch (Commit 62d0df64065e7c135d0002f069444fbdfc64768f), with these differences: - Removed load average information. I felt it needs more thought (esp to deal with SMP and virtualized platforms) and can be added for 2.6.25 after more discussions. - Convert group cpu usage to be nanosecond accurate (as rest of the cfs stats are) and invoke cpuacct_charge() from the respective scheduler classes - Make accounting scalable on SMP systems by splitting the usage counter to be per-cpu - Move the code from kernel/cpu_acct.c to kernel/sched.c (since the code is not big enough to warrant a new file and also this rightly needs to live inside the scheduler. Also things like accessing rq->lock while reading cpu usage becomes easier if the code lived in kernel/sched.c) The patch also modifies the cpu controller not to provide the same accounting information. Tested-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Tested the patches on top of 2.6.24-rc3. The patches work fine. Ran some simple tests like cpuspin (spin on the cpu), ran several tasks in the same group and timed them. Compared their time stamps with cpuacct.usage. Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-12-03 03:04:49 +08:00
{
return cgroup_add_files(cgrp, ss, files, ARRAY_SIZE(files));
sched: cpu accounting controller (V2) Commit cfb5285660aad4931b2ebbfa902ea48a37dfffa1 removed a useful feature for us, which provided a cpu accounting resource controller. This feature would be useful if someone wants to group tasks only for accounting purpose and doesnt really want to exercise any control over their cpu consumption. The patch below reintroduces the feature. It is based on Paul Menage's original patch (Commit 62d0df64065e7c135d0002f069444fbdfc64768f), with these differences: - Removed load average information. I felt it needs more thought (esp to deal with SMP and virtualized platforms) and can be added for 2.6.25 after more discussions. - Convert group cpu usage to be nanosecond accurate (as rest of the cfs stats are) and invoke cpuacct_charge() from the respective scheduler classes - Make accounting scalable on SMP systems by splitting the usage counter to be per-cpu - Move the code from kernel/cpu_acct.c to kernel/sched.c (since the code is not big enough to warrant a new file and also this rightly needs to live inside the scheduler. Also things like accessing rq->lock while reading cpu usage becomes easier if the code lived in kernel/sched.c) The patch also modifies the cpu controller not to provide the same accounting information. Tested-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Tested the patches on top of 2.6.24-rc3. The patches work fine. Ran some simple tests like cpuspin (spin on the cpu), ran several tasks in the same group and timed them. Compared their time stamps with cpuacct.usage. Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-12-03 03:04:49 +08:00
}
/*
* charge this task's execution time to its accounting group.
*
* called with rq->lock held.
*/
static void cpuacct_charge(struct task_struct *tsk, u64 cputime)
{
struct cpuacct *ca;
if (!cpuacct_subsys.active)
return;
ca = task_ca(tsk);
if (ca) {
u64 *cpuusage = percpu_ptr(ca->cpuusage, task_cpu(tsk));
*cpuusage += cputime;
}
}
struct cgroup_subsys cpuacct_subsys = {
.name = "cpuacct",
.create = cpuacct_create,
.destroy = cpuacct_destroy,
.populate = cpuacct_populate,
.subsys_id = cpuacct_subsys_id,
};
#endif /* CONFIG_CGROUP_CPUACCT */