mirror of
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fsprogs.git
synced 2024-11-24 18:43:53 +08:00
c6a44136b9
the resize= raid/extended option so it actually works. (The patch from Fedora e2fsprogs-1.35-11.2 claimed it worked, but it was a placebo, despite the claim that it worked in the usage message.)
452 lines
11 KiB
Groff
452 lines
11 KiB
Groff
.\" -*- nroff -*-
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.\" Copyright 1993, 1994, 1995 by Theodore Ts'o. All Rights Reserved.
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.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
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.\"
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.TH MKE2FS 8 "@E2FSPROGS_MONTH@ @E2FSPROGS_YEAR@" "E2fsprogs version @E2FSPROGS_VERSION@"
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.SH NAME
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mke2fs \- create an ext2/ext3 filesystem
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B mke2fs
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[
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.B \-c
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.B \-l
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.I filename
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]
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[
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.B \-b
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.I block-size
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]
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[
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.B \-f
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.I fragment-size
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]
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[
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.B \-g
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.I blocks-per-group
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]
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[
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.B \-i
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.I bytes-per-inode
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]
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[
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.B \-j
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]
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[
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.B \-J
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.I journal-options
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]
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[
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.B \-N
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.I number-of-inodes
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]
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[
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.B -n
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]
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[
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.B \-m
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.I reserved-blocks-percentage
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]
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[
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.B \-o
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.I creator-os
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]
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[
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.B \-O
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.IR feature [,...]
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]
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[
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.B \-q
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]
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[
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.B \-r
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.I fs-revision-level
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]
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[
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.B \-E
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.I extended-options
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]
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[
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.B \-v
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]
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[
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.B \-F
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]
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[
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.B \-L
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.I volume-label
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]
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[
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.B \-M
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.I last-mounted-directory
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]
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[
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.B \-S
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]
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[
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.B \-T
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.I filesystem-type
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]
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[
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.B \-V
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]
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.I device
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[
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.I blocks-count
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]
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@JDEV@.sp
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@JDEV@.B "mke2fs \-O journal_dev"
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@JDEV@[
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@JDEV@.B \-b
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@JDEV@.I block-size
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@JDEV@]
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.\" No external-journal specific journal options yet (size is ignored)
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.\" @JDEV@[
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.\" @JDEV@.B \-J
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.\" @JDEV@.I journal-options
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.\" @JDEV@]
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@JDEV@[
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@JDEV@.B \-L
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@JDEV@.I volume-label
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@JDEV@]
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@JDEV@[
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@JDEV@.B \-n
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@JDEV@]
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@JDEV@[
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@JDEV@.B \-q
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@JDEV@]
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@JDEV@[
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@JDEV@.B \-v
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@JDEV@]
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@JDEV@.I external-journal
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@JDEV@[
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@JDEV@.I blocks-count
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@JDEV@]
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.B mke2fs
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is used to create an ext2/ext3 filesystem (usually in a disk partition).
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.I device
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is the special file corresponding to the device (e.g
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.IR /dev/hdXX ).
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.I blocks-count
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is the number of blocks on the device. If omitted,
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.B mke2fs
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automagically figures the file system size. If called as
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.B mkfs.ext3
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a journal is created as if the
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.B \-j
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option was specified.
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.SH OPTIONS
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.TP
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.BI \-b " block-size"
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Specify the size of blocks in bytes. Valid block size vales are 1024,
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2048 and 4096 bytes per block. If omitted,
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.B mke2fs
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block-size is heuristically determined by the file system size and
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the expected usage of the filesystem (see the
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.B \-T
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option). If
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.I block-size
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is negative, then
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.B mke2fs
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will use heuristics to determine the
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appropriate block size, with the constraint that the block size will be
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at least
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.I block-size
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bytes. This is useful for certain hardware devices which require that
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the blocksize be a multiple of 2k.
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.TP
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.B \-c
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Check the device for bad blocks before creating the file system. If
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this option is specified twice, then a slower, read-write
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test is used instead of a fast read-only test.
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.TP
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.BI \-E " extended-options"
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Set extended options for the filesystem. Extended options are comma
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separated, and may take an argument using the equals ('=') sign. The
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.B -E
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option used to be
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.B -R
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in earlier versions of
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.BR mke2fs .
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The
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.B -R
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option is still accepted for backwards compatibility. The
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following extended options are supported:
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.RS 1.2i
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.TP
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.BI stride= stripe-size
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Configure the filesystem for a RAID array with
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.I stripe-size
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filesystem blocks per stripe.
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.TP
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.BI resize= max-online-resize
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Reserve enough space so that the block group descriptor table can grow
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to support a filesystem that has max-online-resize blocks.
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.RE
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.TP
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.BI \-f " fragment-size"
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Specify the size of fragments in bytes.
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.TP
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.B \-F
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Force
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.B mke2fs
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to run, even if the specified device is not a
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block special device, or appears to be mounted.
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.TP
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.BI \-g " blocks-per-group"
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Specify the number of blocks in a block group. There is generally no
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reason the user to ever set this parameter, as the default is optimal
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for the filesystem. (For administrators who are creating
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filesystems on RAID arrays, it is preferable to use the
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.I stride
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RAID parameter as part of the
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.B \-R
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option rather than manipulating the number of blocks per group.)
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This option is generally used by developers who
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are developing test cases.
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.TP
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.BI \-i " bytes-per-inode"
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Specify the bytes/inode ratio.
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.B mke2fs
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creates an inode for every
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.I bytes-per-inode
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bytes of space on the disk. The larger the
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.I bytes-per-inode
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ratio, the fewer inodes will be created. This value generally shouldn't
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be smaller than the blocksize of the filesystem, since then too many
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inodes will be made. Be warned that is not possible to expand the number
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of inodes on a filesystem after it is created, so be careful deciding the
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correct value for this parameter.
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.TP
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.B \-j
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Create the filesystem with an ext3 journal. If the
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.B \-J
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option is not specified, the default journal parameters will be used to
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create an appropriately sized journal (given the size of the filesystem)
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stored within the filesystem. Note that you must be using a kernel
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which has ext3 support in order to actually make use of the journal.
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.TP
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.BI \-J " journal-options"
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Create the ext3 journal using options specified on the command-line.
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Journal options are comma
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separated, and may take an argument using the equals ('=') sign.
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The following journal options are supported:
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.RS 1.2i
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.TP
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.BI size= journal-size
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Create an internal journal (i.e., stored inside the filesystem) of size
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.I journal-size
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megabytes.
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The size of the journal must be at least 1024 filesystem blocks
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(i.e., 1MB if using 1k blocks, 4MB if using 4k blocks, etc.)
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and may be no more than 102,400 filesystem blocks.
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@JDEV@.TP
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@JDEV@.BI device= external-journal
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@JDEV@Attach the filesystem to the journal block device located on
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@JDEV@.IR external-journal .
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@JDEV@The external
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@JDEV@journal must already have been created using the command
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@JDEV@.IP
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@JDEV@.B mke2fs -O journal_dev
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@JDEV@.I external-journal
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@JDEV@.IP
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@JDEV@Note that
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@JDEV@.I external-journal
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@JDEV@must have been created with the
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@JDEV@same block size as the new filesystem.
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@JDEV@.IP
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@JDEV@Instead of specifying a device name directly,
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@JDEV@.I external-journal
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@JDEV@can also be specified by either
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@JDEV@.BI LABEL= label
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@JDEV@or
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@JDEV@.BI UUID= UUID
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@JDEV@to locate the external journal by either the volume label or UUID
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@JDEV@stored in the ext2 superblock at the start of the journal. Use
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@JDEV@.BR dumpe2fs (8)
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@JDEV@to display a journal device's volume label and UUID. See also the
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@JDEV@.B -L
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@JDEV@option of
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@JDEV@.BR tune2fs (8).
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.RE
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@JDEV@.IP
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@JDEV@Only one of the
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@JDEV@.BR size " or " device
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@JDEV@options can be given for a filesystem.
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.TP
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.BI \-l " filename"
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Read the bad blocks list from
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.IR filename .
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Note that the block numbers in the bad block list must be generated
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using the same block size as used by mke2fs. As a result, the
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.B \-c
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option to
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.B mke2fs
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is a much simpler and less error-prone method of checking a disk for bad
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blocks before formatting it, as
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.B mke2fs
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will automatically pass the correct parameters to the
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.B badblocks
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program.
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.TP
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.B \-L
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Set the volume label for the filesystem.
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.TP
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.BI \-m " reserved-blocks-percentage"
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Specify the percentage of the filesystem blocks reserved for
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the super-user. This avoids fragmentation, and allows root-owned
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daemons, such as
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.BR syslogd (8),
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to continue to function correctly after non-privileged processes are
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prevented from writing to the filesystem. The default percentage
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is 5%.
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.TP
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.B \-M
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Set the last mounted directory for the filesystem. This might be useful
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for the sake of utilities that key off of the last mounted directory to
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determine where the filesytem should be mounted.
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.TP
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.B \-n
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causes mke2fs to not actually create a filesystem, but display what it
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would do if it were to create a filesystem. This can be used to
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determine the location of the backup superblocks for a particular
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filesystem, so long as the mke2fs parameters that were passed when the
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filesystem was originally created are used again. (With the
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.B \-n
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option added, of course!)
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.TP
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.BI \-N " number-of-inodes"
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overrides the default calculation of the number of inodes that should be
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reserved for the filesystem (which is based on the number of blocks and
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the
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.I bytes-per-inode
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ratio). This allows the user to specify the number
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of desired inodes directly.
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.TP
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.BI \-o " creator-os"
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Manually override the default value of the "creator os" field of the
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filesystem. Normally the creator field is set by default to the native OS
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of the
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.B mke2fs
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executable.
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.TP
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.B "\-O \fIfeature\fR[,...]"
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Create filesystem with given features (filesystem options), overriding
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the default filesystem options.
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Currently, the
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.B sparse_super
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and
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.B filetype
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features are turned on by default when
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.B mke2fs
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is run on a system with Linux 2.2 or later (unless creator-os is set to
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the Hurd). Filesystems that may need to be mounted on pre-2.2 Linux or
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other kernels should be created with
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.B "\-O none"
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(or
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.B "\-r 0"
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for Linux 1.2) which will disable these features, even if
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.B mke2fs
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is run on a system which can support them.
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.sp
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The following filesystem options are supported:
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.RS 1.2i
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.TP
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.B dir_index
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Use hashed b-trees to speed up lookups in large directories.
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.TP
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.B filetype
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Store file type information in directory entries.
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.TP
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.B has_journal
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Create an ext3 journal (as if using the
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.B \-j
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option).
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@JDEV@.TP
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@JDEV@.B journal_dev
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@JDEV@Create an external ext3 journal on the given device
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@JDEV@instead of a regular ext2 filesystem.
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@JDEV@Note that
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@JDEV@.I external-journal
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@JDEV@must be created with the same
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@JDEV@block size as the filesystems that will be using it.
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.TP
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.B sparse_super
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Create a filesystem with fewer superblock backup copies
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(saves space on large filesystems).
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.RE
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.TP
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.B \-q
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Quiet execution. Useful if
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.B mke2fs
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is run in a script.
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.TP
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.BI \-r " revision"
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Set the filesystem revision for the new filesystem. Note that 1.2
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kernels only support revision 0 filesystems. The default is to
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create revision 1 filesystems.
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.TP
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.B \-S
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Write superblock and group descriptors only. This is useful if all of
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the superblock and backup superblocks are corrupted, and a last-ditch
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recovery method is desired. It causes
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.B mke2fs
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to reinitialize the
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superblock and group descriptors, while not touching the inode table
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and the block and inode bitmaps. The
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.B e2fsck
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program should be run immediately after this option is used, and there
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is no guarantee that any data will be salvageable. It is critical to
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specify the correct filesystem blocksize when using this option,
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or there is no chance of recovery.
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.\" .TP
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.\" .BI \-t " test"
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.\" Check the device for bad blocks before creating the file system
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.\" using the specified test.
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.TP
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.BI \-T " fs-type"
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Specify how the filesystem is going to be used, so that mke2fs can
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chose optimal filesystem parameters for that use. The supported
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filesystem types are:
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.RS 1.2i
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.TP 1.2i
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news
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one inode per 4kb block
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.TP
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largefile
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one inode per megabyte
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.TP
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largefile4
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one inode per 4 megabytes
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.RE
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.TP
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.B \-v
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Verbose execution.
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.TP
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.B \-V
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Print the version number of
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.B mke2fs
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and exit.
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.SH AUTHOR
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This version of
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.B mke2fs
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has been written by Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>.
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.SH BUGS
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.B mke2fs
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accepts the
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.B \-f
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option but currently ignores it because the second
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extended file system does not support fragments yet.
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.br
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There may be other ones. Please, report them to the author.
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.SH AVAILABILITY
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.B mke2fs
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is part of the e2fsprogs package and is available from
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http://e2fsprogs.sourceforge.net.
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.SH SEE ALSO
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.BR badblocks (8),
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.BR dumpe2fs (8),
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.BR e2fsck (8),
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.BR tune2fs (8)
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