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badblocks.8.in, chattr.1.in, dumpe2fs.8.in, e2label.8.in, fsck.8.in, lsattr.1.in, mke2fs.8.in, mklost+found.8.in, tune2fs.8.in, uuidgen.1.in: Update man page to use a more standard format (bold option flags and italicized variables), as suggested by Andreas Dilger (adilger@enel.ucalgary.ca) ChangeLog, e2fsck.8.in: e2fsck.8.in: Update man page to use a more standard format (bold option flags and italicized variables), as suggested by Andreas Dilger (adilger@enel.ucalgary.ca) ChangeLog, uuid_generate.3.in: uuid_generate.8.in: Update man page to use a more standard format (bold option flags and italicized variables), as suggested by Andreas Dilger (adilger@enel.ucalgary.ca)
230 lines
6.3 KiB
Groff
230 lines
6.3 KiB
Groff
.\" -*- nroff -*-
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.\" Copyright 1993, 1994, 1995 by Theodore Ts'o. All Rights Reserved.
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.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
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.\"
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.TH FSCK 8 "@E2FSPROGS_MONTH@ @E2FSPROGS_YEAR@" "E2fsprogs version @E2FSPROGS_VERSION@"
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.SH NAME
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fsck \- check and repair a Linux file system
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B fsck
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[
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.B \-sACVRTNP
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]
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[
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.B \-t
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.I fstype
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] [\-\-] [
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.B fsck-options
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]
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.I filesys [ ... ]
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.B fsck
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is used to check and optionally repair a one or more Linux file systems.
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.I filesys
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can be a device name (e.g.
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.IR /dev/hdc1 ", " /dev/sdb2 ),
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a mount point (e.g.
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.IR / ", " /usr ", " /home ),
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or an ext2 label or UUID specifier (e.g.
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UUID=8868abf6-88c5-4a83-98b8-bfc24057f7bd or LABEL=root).
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The
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.B fsck
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program will try to run filesystems on different physical disk drives
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in parallel to reduce total amount time to check all of the filesystems.
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.PP
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The exit code returned by
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.B fsck
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is the sum of the following conditions:
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.br
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\ 0\ \-\ No errors
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.br
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\ 1\ \-\ File system errors corrected
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.br
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\ 2\ \-\ System should be rebooted
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.br
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\ 4\ \-\ File system errors left uncorrected
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.br
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\ 8\ \-\ Operational error
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.br
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\ 16\ \-\ Usage or syntax error
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.br
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\ 128\ \-\ Shared library error
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.br
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The exit code returned when all file systems are checked using the
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.B \-A
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option is the bit-wise OR of the exit codes for each
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file system that is checked.
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.PP
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In actuality,
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.B fsck
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is simply a front-end for the various file system checkers
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(\fBfsck\fR.\fIfstype\fR) available under Linux. The file
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system-specific checker is searched for in
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.I /sbin
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first, then in
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.I /etc/fs
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and
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.IR /etc ,
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and finally in the directories listed in the PATH environment
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variable. Please see the file system-specific checker manual pages for
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further details.
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.SH OPTIONS
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.TP
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.B \-s
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Serialize
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.B fsck
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operations. This is a good idea if you checking multiple
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filesystems and the checkers are in an interactive mode. (Note:
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.BR e2fsck (8)
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runs in an interactive mode by default. To make
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.BR e2fsck (8)
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run in a non-interactive mode, you must either specify the
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.B \-p
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or
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.B \-a
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option, if you wish for errors to be corrected automatically, or the
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.B \-n
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option if you do not.)
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.TP
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.BI \-t " fstype"
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Specifies the type of file system to be checked. When the
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.B \-A
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flag is specified, only filesystems that match
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.I fstype
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are checked. If
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.I fstype
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is prefixed with
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.I no
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then only filesystems whose type does not match
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.I fstype
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are checked.
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.sp
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Normally, the filesystem type is deduced by searching for
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.I filesys
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in the
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.I /etc/fstab
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file and using the corresponding entry.
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If the type can not be deduced,
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.B fsck
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will use the type specified by the
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.B \-t
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option if it specifies a unique filesystem type. If this type is not
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available, then the default file system type (currently ext2) is used.
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.TP
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.B \-A
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Walk through the
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.I /etc/fstab
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file and try to check all file systems in one run. This option is
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typically used from the
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.I /etc/rc
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system initalization file, instead of multiple commands for checking
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a single file system.
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.sp
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The root filesystem will be checked first unless the
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.B \-P
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option is specified (see below). After that,
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filesystems will be checked in the order specified by the
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.I fs_passno
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(the sixth) field in the
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.I /etc/fstab
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file. If there are multiple filesystems with the same pass number,
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e2fsck will attempt to check them in parallel, although it will avoid running
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multiple filesystem checks on the same physical disk. Hence,
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a very common configuration in
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.I /etc/fstab
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files is to set the root filesystem to have a
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.I fs_passno
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value of 1
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and to set all filesystems to have a
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.I fs_passno
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value of 2. This will allow
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.B fsck
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to automatically run filesystem checkers in parallel if it is advantageous
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to do so. System administrators might choose
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not to use this configuration if they need to avoid multiple filesystem
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checks running in parallel for some reason --- for example, if the
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machine in question is short on memory so that
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excessive paging is a concern.
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.TP
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.B \-C
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Display completion/progress bars for those filesystems checkers (currently
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only for ext2) which support them. Fsck will manage the filesystem checkers
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so that only one of them will display a progress bar at a time.
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.TP
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.B \-N
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Don't execute, just show what would be done.
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.TP
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.B \-P
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When the
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.B \-A
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flag is set, check the root filesystem in parallel with the other filesystems.
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This is not the safest thing in the world to do,
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since if the root filesystem is in doubt things like the
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.BR e2fsck (8)
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executable might be corrupted! This option is mainly provided
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for those sysadmins who don't want to repartition the root
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filesystem to be small and compact (which is really the right solution).
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.TP
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.B \-R
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When checking all file systems with the
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.B \-A
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flag, skip the root file system (in case it's already mounted read-write).
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.TP
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.B \-T
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Don't show the title on startup.
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.TP
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.B \-V
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Produce verbose output, including all file system-specific commands
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that are executed.
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.TP
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.B fsck-options
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Any options which are not understood by
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.BR fsck ,
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or which follow the
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.B \-\-
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option are treated as file system-specific options to be passed to the
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file system-specific checker.
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.PP
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Currently, standardized file system-specific options are somewhat in
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flux. Although not guaranteed, the following options are supported
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by most file system checkers:
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.TP
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.B \-a
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Automatically repair the file system without any questions (use
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this option with caution). Note that
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.BR e2fsck (8)
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supports
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.B \-a
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for backwards compatibility only. This option is mapped to
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.BR e2fsck 's
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.B \-p
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option which is safe to use, unlike the
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.B \-a
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option that most file system checkers support.
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.TP
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.B \-r
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Interactively repair the filesystem (ask for confirmations). Note: It
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is generally a bad idea to use this option if multiple fsck's are being
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run in parallel. Also note that this is
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.BR e2fsck 's
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default behavior; it supports this option for backwards compatibility
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reasons only.
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.SH AUTHOR
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Theodore Ts'o (tytso@mit.edu)
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.PP
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The manual page was shamelessly adapted from David Engel and Fred van
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Kempen's generic
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.B fsck
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front end program, which was in turn shamelessly
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adapted from Remy Card's version for the ext2 file system.
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.SH FILES
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.IR /etc/fstab .
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.SH SEE ALSO
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.BR fstab (5),
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.BR mkfs (8),
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.BR fsck.minix (8),
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.BR fsck.ext2 (8)
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or
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.BR e2fsck (8),
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.BR fsck.xiafs (8).
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